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27-511: At first Thong Pha Phum was the minor district ( king amphoe ) Sangkhla Buri, a subordinate of Wang Ka District. In 1939 the name Sangkhla Buri was assigned to Wang Ka, while the minor district was renamed Thong Pha Phum. On 20 May 1941 it was upgraded to a full district, while at the same time Sangkhla Buri was reduced to a minor district. It then consisted of the six tambons Tha Khanun , Hin Dat, Dika, Chalae, Pilok , and Linthin. The economy includes

54-475: A vowel and before ⟨ng⟩ if the preceding syllable ends with a vowel. Transcribed words are written with spaces between them although there are no spaces in Thai. For example, "สถาบันไทยคดีศึกษา" Institute of Thai Studies is transcribed as "Sathaban Thai Khadi Sueksa". However, compounds and names of persons are written without spaces between words. For example, "ลูกเสือ" (from "ลูก" + "เสือ", scout )

81-460: Is Nai Amphoe ( นายอำเภอ ). Amphoe are divided into tambons , ( Thai : ตำบล ), or sub-districts. Altogether Thailand has 928 districts, including the 50 districts of Bangkok , which are called khet (เขต) since the Bangkok administrative reform of 1972. The number of districts in provinces varies, from only three in the smallest provinces, up to the 50 urban districts of Bangkok . Also

108-446: Is a subordinate of the provincial governor. The district which contains the administrative office of the province is the amphoe mueang (lit. town district ). The district is not to be confused with the capital town itself, which is a different administrative entity usually much smaller than the district. Until the 1930s, most of the capital districts had names just like other districts, whereas districts dating back to old provinces had

135-477: Is led by a chief officer ( Hua Na King Amphoe , หัวหน้ากิ่งอำเภอ). The Thai word king (กิ่ง) means 'branch' and should not be confused with the English word "king". The officially recommended translation is "minor district" —however they are also quite commonly translated as sub-district, which is the recommended translation for tambon , and also wrongly suggests that they are at a lower administrative level than

162-462: Is the Khwae Noi River , which is dammed by the district's Vajiralongkorn Dam . Thong Pha Phum , Lam Khlong Ngu , Khuean Srinagarindra , and Khao Laem National Parks are found in the district. The district is divided into seven sub-districts ( tambons ), which are further subdivided into 44 villages ( mubans ). Thong Pha Phum itself is a township ( thesaban tambon ) and covers parts of

189-475: Is the largest and also has the lowest population density. The average area of a district in Thailand is about 552.93 km (213.49 sq mi), while its average population of a district in Thailand is about 75,345 people. The names of amphoe are usually unique, but in a few cases different Thai names have the same form in English due to the flaws of the romanization system . The notable exception, however,

216-478: Is the name Amphoe Chaloem Phra Kiat , which was given to five districts created in 1996 in celebration of the 50th anniversary of King Bhumibol Adulyadej 's accession to the throne. Chaloem Phra Kiat (เฉลิมพระเกียรติ) means 'in commemoration of' or 'in honour of' a royal family member. Each district is led by a district chief officer ( nai amphoe , นายอำเภอ), who is appointed by the Ministry of Interior . The officer

243-402: Is transcribed as "luksuea", not "luk suea", and "โชคชัย จิตงาม", the first and last names of a person, is transcribed as "Chokchai Chitngam", not "Chok Chai Chit Ngam". For consonants, the transcriptions are given for both initial and final position in the syllable. For vowels, a dash ("–") indicates the relative position of the vowel's initial consonant. There have been four versions of

270-439: Is usually in the largest settlement of the district, to make it easily accessible to the majority of the population —one of the tasks of the amphoe is the civil registry , which makes the district the most important of the administrative levels for the Thai public. Royal Thai General System of Transcription The Royal Thai General System of Transcription ( RTGS ) is the official system for rendering Thai words in

297-509: The Latin alphabet . It was published by the Royal Institute of Thailand in early 1917, when Thailand was called Siam . It is used in road signs and government publications and is the closest method to a standard of transcription for Thai, but its use, even by the government, is inconsistent. The system is almost identical to the one that is defined by ISO 11940-2 . Prominent features of

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324-529: The amphoe . The Thai government upgraded all remaining 81 minor districts to full districts on 15 May 2007 in order to streamline administration. With publication in the Royal Gazette on 24 August the order became official. The administration of the district is housed in an office building called thi wa kan amphoe (ที่ว่าการอำเภอ), which also marks the center of each district. Distances on road signs are always calculated to this office building. The office

351-429: The tambon Tha Khanun. There are a further seven tambon administrative organizations (TAO). King amphoe An amphoe (sometimes also amphur , Thai : อำเภอ , pronounced [ʔām.pʰɤ̄ː] )—usually translated as "district"—is the second level administrative subdivision of Thailand . Groups of amphoe or districts make up the provinces , and are analogous to counties . The chief district officer

378-706: The 460 million baht cleanup of the lead tailings in Klity Creek , caused by a now-closed lead processing factory; the cleanup is "the first state-supervised environmental cleanup in Thailand". The Bo Ngam lead mine severely contaminated the soil, where the lead content was as high at 15%. Despite this, 48 species of plants were found growing in the area, suggesting possible bioremediation . Neighboring are (from west clockwise) Tanintharyi Division of Myanmar , Sangkhla Buri , Umphang of Tak province , Ban Rai of Uthai Thani province , Si Sawat and Sai Yok of Kanchanaburi Province. The district's important water resource

405-555: The RTGS, those promulgated in 1932, 1939, 1968 and 1999. The general system was issued by the Ministry of Public Instruction in 1932, and subsequent issues have been issued by the Royal Institute of Thailand. The general system was set up by a committee of the Ministry of Public Instruction on the following principles: The committee considered that for the general system, tone and quantity marks were unneeded. They would be provided for

432-415: The administration of areas remote from the district center is inconvenient for citizens. Most of the tasks of the amphoe are transferred to the king amphoe , but it is still partially a subordinate of the amphoe it was created from. When the king amphoe meets the necessary qualifications to become an amphoe , it is usually promoted. However, not every newly created amphoe begins as a king amphoe : if

459-422: The capital districts of Thonburi and Phra Nakhon Provinces had the same name as the province, which they kept when the two provinces were merged to form Bangkok metropolis. In most cases the capital district is also the most populous district of the province, as the provincial administration is usually in the largest town of the province. Songkhla province is the most striking exception, as the town (and thus also

486-405: The distinction between the transcriptions of the pairs อึ /ɯ/ and อุ /u/ and เอือ /ɯa/ and อัว /ua/ . It also simplified the transliteration of final ว /w/ , which now is always transcribed <o>. The following variants have been allowed: The system does not transcribe all features of Thai phonology . Particularly it has the following shortcomings: The original design envisioned

513-454: The district) Hat Yai grew much faster than the capital Mueang Songkhla due to its better transport connections. There are four districts in Thailand ( Chan , Pan , Suang , and Yang ) which contain the term mueang in their name as well, even though they are not capital districts. All of these were created relatively recently, between 1973 and 1995. Minor districts ( king amphoe , กิ่งอำเภอ — กิ่ง literally 'branch') are set up when

540-563: The precise system. The marks are accents above the vowels, one reason that the vowel symbols used to have no marks above them. The 1939 issue allowed short vowels to be marked with a breve (˘) where expedient. By contrast, the ALA-LC transliteration uses the 1939 version with the addition of a macron (¯) for long vowels and a spiritus asper (ʽ) to transliterate อ /ʔ/ as a consonant. The changes in vowel notation copied existing usage (æ, œ) and IPA notation (æ, ǫ). The precise system

567-417: The qualifications are met directly, this phase is skipped. While usually a minor district is upgraded after a few years, in some cases it remains a minor district for decades. For example, Ko Yao was a minor district for 85 years until it was upgraded in 1988. Sometimes a district is downgraded to a minor district. Thung Wa lost a lot of its population to neighboring La-ngu minor district , so finally La-ngu

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594-508: The sizes and population of districts differ greatly. The smallest population is in Ko Kut ( Trat province ) with just 2,042 citizens, while Mueang Samut Prakan ( Samut Prakan province ) has 509,262 citizens. The khet of Bangkok have the smallest areas—Khet Samphanthawong is the smallest, with only 1.4 km —while the amphoe of the sparsely populated mountain regions are bigger than some provinces. Umphang ( Tak province ) at 4,325.4 km

621-407: The system are: Final consonants are transcribed according to pronunciation, not Thai orthography . Vowels are transcribed in the position in the word where they are pronounced, not as in Thai orthography. Implied vowels, which are not written in Thai orthography, are transcribed as pronounced. A hyphen is used to avoid ambiguity in syllable separation before a succeeding syllable that starts with

648-411: The word mueang in their name. In 1938 all the capital districts were renamed amphoe mueang , whereas in all non-capital districts mueang was removed from the name. The notable exception to this rule is Ayutthaya , where the capital district is named Amphoe Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya (instead of Amphoe Mueang Ayutthaya ), the same as the province, which is fully named Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya . Also

675-404: Was issued along with the general system in 1939. A transliteration in the precise system could be converted to the general system by doing the following: The last set of changes removes a graphic distinction between vowels in closed syllables and vowels in open syllables. The h is added to č in the general system to make it easier to read. When the diacritic was subsequently removed, the h

702-493: Was justified as avoiding the misreading of the transliteration as /k/ or /s/ rather than the correct /tɕ/ . The 1968 version removed diacritics, including the horn of ư and replaced the ligatures æ and œ by ae and oe . While that is more suitable as the standard transliteration for maps, it removed the contrast between the transcriptions of จ /tɕ/ and ช /tɕʰ/ , อึ /ɯ/ and อุ /u/ , เอือ /ɯa/ and อัว /ua/ , and โอ /oː/ and ออ /ɔː/ . The 1999 version restored

729-462: Was upgraded and Thung Wa downgraded. Another example is Chumphon Buri , which was reduced after the more developed part was split off to form a new district and the remaining district was downgraded. The criteria required for an amphoe are a population of at least 30,000 people and at least five tambon , or, if the area is more than 25 km (16 mi) from the district office, a population of at least 15,000 and four tambon . A minor district

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