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35-523: In the elections in 2020, 70 members of the parliament were elected on proportional party lists and 71 in single member constituencies. Elections took place on 11 October 2020. Run-off elections were held on 25 October in the single-seat constituencies where no candidate secured a seat in the first round. Viktorija Čmilytė-Nielsen was elected as the Speaker of the Thirteenth Seimas. The Thirteenth Seimas

70-711: A plus score each time. In the Frauenbundesliga ( Women's Bundesliga ) in Germany, she is a team member of OSC Baden Baden, but has also played some league chess in Sweden. Čmilytė-Nielsen entered politics in 2015, as a member of the Liberal Movement . After Remigijus Šimašius resigned from the Seimas in order to take office as the mayor of Vilnius , Čmilytė-Nielsen took his seat in parliament. A year afterwards, Čmilytė-Nielsen

105-450: A stone bridge with 33 arches just west of Silivri. The historical bridge, called "Uzunköprü" (The "Long Bridge"), is still in use today, however one arch is not visible due to sedimentation. Prior to World War I, some Silivrian Jews immigrated to the town of Camagüey , Cuba . Russians occupied Silivri on February 5, 1878 for 1 month until 3 March 1878. Bulgarians occupied it on November 16, 1912 for 9 months until May 30, 1913. During

140-413: Is 67 km (42 mi) far from the city center of Istanbul, and is a popular summer resort for many Istanbul residents with its 45-kilometre-long (28 mi) coast. It is on the highway D.100 and the motorway E80, which connect Turkey to Europe via Edirne . It takes about an hour and a half to get here from the city so is feasible for use in the summer months as a weekend and holiday retreat, although

175-507: Is a municipality and district of Istanbul Province , Turkey . Its population is 217,163 (2022). It lies along the Sea of Marmara , outside the urban core of Istanbul , containing many holiday and weekend homes for residents of the city. The largest settlement in the district is also named Silivri. Silivri is located bordering Büyükçekmece to the east, Çatalca to the north, Çorlu and Marmara Ereğli (both districts of Tekirdağ Province ) to

210-609: Is in football. Their amateur football team play in the Istanbul Super Amateuar League , and the women's team in the Turkish Women's Third League . Sport venues in Silivri are the 2,700-seating capacity Müjdat Gürsu Stadium, named after Müjdat Gürsu (1971–1994) a local footballer, and Alibey Sport Hall. There are a number of hospitals and special health institutions in Silivri, state owned and private run: Silivri

245-501: The 2010 Chess Olympiad (Open Section) and on other occasions participated in the Women's Chess Olympiads , where she won two individual gold medals on board one, the first at Istanbul in 2000 (9½/12) and the second at Calvià in 2004 (8½/11). She earned a place in the team for the first time when she was thirteen (in Yerevan , 1996) and was first board at fifteen ( Elista , 1998), contributing

280-528: The Armistice of Mudanya . Finally, Turkish forces entered Silivri on November 1, 1922. It was part of Çatalca province between 1923–1926 and was bounded to Istanbul Province in 1926. It was enlarged with joining of Gümüşyaka (formerly Eski Ereğli) village from Çorlu district. There are 35 neighbourhoods in Silivri District: During the summer months, the population increases 4–5 times. Silivri

315-630: The European Youth Chess Championship in the under-12 girls category, and later won the 1995 World Youth Chess Championship in the same category. In 2000, at the age of sixteen, Čmilytė won both the women's and absolute national championships of Lithuania , held in Vilnius . She was the first woman to win the latter, edging out Grandmasters Darius Ruželė , Viktor Gavrikov and Aloyzas Kveinys , and International Masters Vaidas Sakalauskas and Vytautas Šlapikas on tiebreak. Čmilytė won

350-474: The 1950s and 1960s the pasture was so rich that the yogurt of Silivri was renowned. Now the reputation of the yogurt has declined due to poor quality control and mismanagement of the brand. The Silivri Yoğurt Festivali used to be a major event but nowadays there is less interest and in some years it is not even held. Wheat (246 km ), sunflower (105 km ) and barley (50 km ) are cultivated here. Vineyards were once important but have declined since

385-465: The 1970s. Livestock is still important. Silivri has two sports clubsi Silivrispor and Alibeyspor. Established in 1957, Silivrispor has two active branches, football and basketball. Silivrispor's professional football team play in the Apor Toto 3rd Şeague . The basketball section eas founded in 2014. Alibeyspor, named after a neighborhood of Silivri, was established in 1989. The club's main activity

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420-802: The Byzantines in 1403. It was sometimes attacked by the Ottomans in later years, but was not captured. During the Fall of Constantinople in 1453, Selymbria, along with Epibatos , stood up against the Ottoman armies, and surrendered only after the city had fallen. The town remained a summer resort during the Ottoman time, as it was during the Byzantine era. On the order of Suleiman the Magnificent , architect Mimar Sinan built 1562

455-590: The European Women's Rapid Chess Championship in 2007. She was awarded the Grandmaster title in 2010, having gained the required norms in the 2008 Gibraltar Chess Festival , 2009 European Team Chess Championship and 2010 European Women's Individual Championship. In 2011, Čmilytė finally took the gold medal in the European Women's Individual Championship. Čmilytė competed in the Women's World Chess Championship for

490-632: The Latins and finally was recaptured by the Byzantine successor state of the Empire of Nicaea in 1247, who were finally able to recapture Constantinople and restore the empire in 1261. In 1346, the Ottomans became an ally of the pretender for the Emperor John VI Cantacuzenus (1292–1383), and helped him against his rival John V Palaeologus (1332–1391). The same year, Sultan Orhan I married Theodora,

525-574: The Liberal Movement in September 2019. As party chair, Čmilytė-Nielsen was tasked with leading the Liberal Movement into the 2020 parliamentary election , where the party won 13 seats. Following the certification of election results, it emerged that a coalition would likely be formed between the Liberal Movement, Freedom Party , and election winners Homeland Union . Proposing Ingrida Šimonytė as their prime ministerial candidate, Čmilytė-Nielsen

560-490: The Liberal Movement parliamentary group in 2017 and 2018, and later serving as the parliamentary group's chair since 2018. In 2019, she was selected to serve as the Seimas opposition leader , becoming the spokesperson and leader of the parliamentary groups opposed to the incumbent Skvernelis government . She later resigned as opposition leader and was replaced by Julius Sabatauskas , but was later elected to serve as chairperson of

595-670: The Seimas , and was expected to be succeeded as Liberal Movement parliamentary leader by Eugenijus Gentvilas . She later was elected as speaker the following day, receiving 106 votes, becoming the third woman to serve in the position. In addition to her native Lithuanian , she is also fluent in English , Russian , and Spanish . Čmilytė married Latvian-Spanish chess player grandmaster Alexei Shirov in 2001, until divorcing in 2007. In 2013 she married Danish chess player grandmaster Peter Heine Nielsen . She has four children. Silivri Silivri , formerly Selymbria ( Greek : Σηλυμβρία),

630-413: The Thirteenth Seimas. Viktorija %C4%8Cmilyt%C4%97-Nielsen Viktorija Čmilytė-Nielsen (born 6 August 1983) is a Lithuanian politician and chess Grandmaster who was the speaker of the Seimas in 2024. Awarded the title Grandmaster by FIDE in 2010, she was European women's champion in 2011, and is a two-time Lithuanian champion. Čmilytė-Nielsen began her career in politics in 2015, when she

665-669: The absolute championship again in 2005 in her home city, on tiebreak from Šarūnas Šulskis . She finished second to Jovanka Houska in the 2000 European Junior (Under-20) Girls Championship in Asturias . By 2001, she was ranked number one by FIDE amongst girls. In the same year she won the Corus Reserve Group tournament at Wijk aan Zee . Čmilytė took the silver medal at the European Women's Individual Championship in 2003 ( Silivri ), 2008 ( Plovdiv ) and 2010 ( Rijeka ). She won

700-402: The ancient Greek Selymbria or Selybria ( Greek : Σηλυ(μ)βρία ), owed its historical importance to the natural harbor and its position on the major commercial roads. It was a colony of Megara founded on a steep 56 m high hill east of the bay, but excavations show that it was a Thracian settlement before it was a Greek colony. According to Strabo , the city's name is a combination of

735-488: The area is crowded with day trippers. With all this development it is hard to find a stretch of open coastline. The winter months are cold here, as bitter weather blows across Thrace from the Balkans , and holiday homes in Silivri are not much used from mid-September until May or even June. The district has great agricultural potential thanks to its almost flat landscape, mild Thracian climate and yield-effective soil, and in

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770-494: The beach. The Marmara Sea suffered from pollution in the 1980s and 1990s but now efforts have been made to clean it up. All the facilities are located in the holiday housing area, the town centre of Silivri has little to offer in the way of cinema, theatre or any other cultural amenities. Now the coast has also been blessed with resort hotels and country clubs with sports facilities including golf courses, horse riding centres and tennis courts, health and conference centers. At weekend

805-535: The city fell under their control during the next centuries. The settlement shrank into a village under the governance of the Roman Empire. In the early 5th century, the town was officially renamed Eudoxiopolis ( Greek : Εὐδοξιόπολις), during the reign of the Byzantine emperor Arcadius (377–408), after his wife Aelia Eudoxia , though this name did not survive. In 805 AD, the Bulgarian Khan Kroum pillaged

840-509: The daughter of John VI in Selymbria. In 1399, Selymbria fell to the Ottomans, marking their complete encirclement of Constantinople by land in Europe. Many contemporary observers believed from then on it was a mere matter of time before the Ottomans took the Byzantine capital. However, after their disastrous defeat at the hands of Timur the Ottomans returned Selymbria and several other possessions to

875-470: The first time in 2000 , when she reached the third round. In 2004 she was defeated in the quarterfinals by former Women's World Champion Maia Chiburdanidze . In 2006 , Čmilytė reached the semifinals and lost to the eventual runner-up, Alisa Galliamova . In 2008 and 2010 she was eliminated in the second round, while in 2010 and 2015 she went out in round three. Čmilytė has played for the Lithuanian team in

910-555: The name of the mythological founder of the city, Selus, and the Thracian word that Strabo thought was used for polis , "bria". This, however, did not mean polis, and had another meaning. Selymbria is the birthplace of the physician Herodicus , and was an ally of the Athenians in 351 BC. Until the second half of the 2nd century BC, the city could preserve its autonomy, but after its neighbours Byzantium and Perinthos became more powerful,

945-502: The road out here is heaving with traffic in summer. Being accessible from Istanbul, the Marmara coast has long been used for holidaying by Istanbul's people. As the city has grown, these facilities have moved further and further away. Once Florya and Yeşilköy were resorts, today it is Tekirdağ and even further. Silivri had its heyday in the 1960s and 1970s as families would come by the busload to complexes of holiday flats that were built on

980-579: The town. In the late 9th century, Emperor Michael III constructed a fortress on the top of the hill, the ruins of which still remain, during an era in which the Byzantine Empire suffered attacks by Saracen corsairs and Rus raiders. With the Fourth Crusade , and the fall of Constantinople to the Latin Empire in 1204, the fortress fell in quick succession to the Latin Empire , Bulgarian, back to

1015-587: The war, many more Sephardim in the city left as conditions worsened due to the war. Many of these Turkish Jews emigrated to the United States settling primarily in New York and Seattle. Others went to Palestine, France and South America. According to the Treaty of Sèvres , Silivri became a part of Greece on July 20, 1920. However, Italians took it over from the withdrawing Greek troops on October 22, 1922, according to

1050-478: The west, Çerkezköy to the north-west (one of Tekirdağ Province ) and with the Sea of Marmara to the south. It is, with an area of 858 km (331 sq mi), the second largest district of Istanbul Province after Çatalca . The seat of the district is the city of Silivri. Established in 2008, Turkey's most modern (and Europe's largest) prison complex is located 9 km (5.6 mi) west of Silivri. Silivri,

1085-591: Was born in Šiauliai . She began playing chess at age six, and was coached by her father Viktor Ivanovič Čmil (Viktoras Čmilis), a KGB active reserve officer of Russian ethnicity and the head of the Šiauliai Chess Club. After graduating, Čmilytė moved to Riga to enroll in the Faculty of Humanities at the University of Latvia . She graduated with a degree in English philology in 2007. Čmilytė spent her early chess career being coached by her father. In 1993, she won

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1120-594: Was expected to be one of the three main leaders of the incoming government, in addition to Šimonytė and Freedom Party leader Aušrinė Armonaitė , following in the footsteps of the Marin Cabinet in Finland for having a woman-led government. On 9 November, the coalition agreement was signed between the Homeland Union, Liberal Movement, and Freedom Party. On 12 November, Čmilytė-Nielsen was nominated to serve as speaker of

1155-739: Was marked by the COVID-19 pandemic . It affected the parliament's work (e.g. from 26 November 2020 until 3 December 2020, plenary sessions were suspended and since 12 January 2021, plenary sessions are taking place remotely). After the elections, the parliamentary groups were formed in the Seimas, largely on the party lines: Political Group of Democrats ‘For Lithuania’(DFVL), Freedom Party (LF), Homeland Union - Lithuanian Christian Democrats (TSLKDF), Labour Party (DPF), Liberal Movement (LSF), Lithuanian Farmers and Greens Union (LVŽSF), Lithuanian Regions Political Group (LRF), Mixed Group (MSNG) and Social Democratic Party of Lithuania (LSDPF). 145 members have served in

1190-439: Was selected to replace Remigijus Šimašius in the Seimas for the Liberal Movement , and later was reelected in the 2016 parliamentary election . She began to gradually rise in the ranks of the Liberal Movement, becoming the Seimas opposition leader in 2019, and being elected chairperson of the Liberal Movement later that year. She led the party into the 2020 parliamentary election , where they won 13 seats. Viktorija Čmilytė

1225-456: Was selected to stand in the 2016 parliamentary election with the Liberal Movement, as a candidate on their nationwide party list. She ultimately was elected to parliament, and subsequently began to serve on the European affairs committee and human rights committee. During this term in parliament, Čmilytė-Nielsen began to amass more influence and prestige within the party, serving as deputy chair of

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