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35-508: Theological Review is a semi-annual theological journal published by the Near East School of Theology . It was established in 1978, replacing the Near East School of Theology Quarterly , which ran from 1952 to 1974. This article about an academic journal on Christianity studies is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . See tips for writing articles about academic journals . Further suggestions might be found on

70-462: A Micro-Levalloisian series of tools were also found. Ras Beirut V (b) or South Creek Trench is the same fossil beach in a section on the south bank of South Creek, 100 metres (330 ft) north of Ras Beirut V (a). It was discovered by Henri Fleisch and published in 1956. Two varieties of Levalloisian were found, one with finely produced thin flakes, the other with coarse thick ones. A Micro-Levalloisian industry accompanied it. Ras Beirut VI

105-453: A Solutrean industry in the black soil that covered the limestone headland at a depth of 1 metre (3.3 ft). Neuville and Haller studied the site and materials again in 1933, reclassifying it as Chalcolithic with a lower Middle Paleolithic level along with an intervening later that Describes had missed. Jacques Cauvin has compared it with the Énéolithique Ancien period at Byblos suggested to date between 3800 and 3650 BCE. The site

140-661: A 45 metres (148 ft) terrace. Collections are held in the American University of Beirut and the Museum of Lebanese Prehistory . Many of the sites have been built on and completely destroyed by urbanisation. Ras Beirut I or The Slope Breccia is on a steep limestone cliff, above Rue Zenzir, west of Rue Jinnah at around 52 metres (171 ft) above sea level. It was found by Henri Fleisch and published in 1946, 1956 and 1960 along with Howell in 1959 and Garrod in 1962 and 1965. An Early Acheulean or Abbevillian rolled biface

175-531: A graduate program for educational ministries; M.Div. for Pastoral ministry; S.T.M., a post graduate research degree; and the S.T.M. in Ministry established jointly with McCormick Theological Seminary in Chicago . The seminary is housed in a modern building with classrooms, offices, faculty and student lounges, dining facilities, sanctuary and chapel, coffee shop, dormitory rooms for 50 students, six faculty apartments and

210-889: A gymnasium and theater which are under construction. The library contains 42,000 volumes in Arabic, Armenian, English, French and German. The NEST is under the auspices and support of three mainline Protestant Evangelical churches in the Middle East , the National Evangelical Synod of Syria and Lebanon , the Union of the Armenian Evangelical Churches in the Near East , and the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Jordan and

245-466: A type of pick resembling Bir Hassan picks . Ras Beirut IV or Bergy's Trench is 100 metres (330 ft) east of Pigeon Rock, around 1.5 metres (4.9 ft) beneath the soil on the slope of the 45 metres (148 ft) terrace. The site was found by Auguste Bergy and published in 1932. Henri Fleisch also studied the area with and published some new discoveries in 1956. Early Levalloisian industries were found including bifacial Bir Hassan picks in

280-472: Is 200 metres (660 ft) north of Raoul Describes excavations at Minet ed Dhalia at the head of a small bay between two stream beds on a 15 metres (49 ft) terrace. A Micro-Levalloisian industry was found by Henri Fleisch and published in 1948 and 1956 dating to the time when the 15 metres (49 ft) sea level regressed. Ras Beirut VII or South Creek is on the west side of the Corniche road, west of

315-407: Is a cultivated field on the headland south of Pigeon rock where a surface site was found by Auguste Bergy and published in 1932. The Levallois industry is nicknamed Golden Mousterian due to it having a yellow or gold colour and sheen. Forms include large, broad flakes along with medium-sized points and blades with many pieces having traces of concretion. Ras Beirut XIV or AUB Campus is part of

350-436: Is also mentioned by Howell in 1959 and Dorothy Garrod in 1960. Numerous pieces with no bifaces were found and considered to be Tayacian with some Levallois influence. The site possibly still exists under the road. Ras Beirut III or Depots A. and B. is northeast of Rue Jinnah and was again found by Father Fleisch who published his studies in 1950 and 1956. Depot A contained an Early Levallois industry with bifaces and

385-698: Is an upscale residential neighborhood in Beirut , Lebanon. It has a mixed population of Christians , Muslims and Druze , and is associated with nonsectarian relations between members of thee groupings. Ras Beirut is home to some of Beirut's historically prominent families, such as the Bekhazi Rebeiz family, the Daouk family, the Itani family, the Sinno family, and the Sidani family,

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420-511: Is notable for a type tool called the Minet ed Dhalia point (pictured) ; a stylet ranging from 2 inches (5.1 cm) to 8 inches (20 cm) in length and may have been fleshing tools, but their exact use is uncertain. These were first observed by Dawson in 1884 and later by Godefroy Zumoffen in 1910, The industry includes javelins , borers, picks and assorted other tools. It has been described by Lorraine Copeland and Peter Wescombe as "probably

455-494: The Beyhum family and others. Included in the area are a number of international schools and universities, including the American University of Beirut (AUB) and International College Beirut (IC). In 1946, the archaeologist and priest Henri Fleisch from Saint Joseph University made an unstratified, open-air survey of the marine terraces of Ras Beirut, and recovered various artifacts. Flints have also been recovered by walkers on

490-460: The 15 metres (49 ft) level and consists of a Levalloisian industry with Mousterian influence with large, thin flakes. Some Micro-Levalloisian pieces were also found. Ras Beirut X or Bain Militaire was originally called Sud Phare by its discoverer, Auguste Bergy . It was mentioned by Fleisch in 1956 as being in a rainwater gully, 200 metres (660 ft) south of Bain Militaire. Material

525-527: The 20 centimetres (7.9 in) layer on the bedrock. Larger flint flakes were found in the 80 centimetres (31 in) layer above this. Fleisch recovered more of the earlier type of industry when the Corniche Road was widened and is suggested to still exist under a side road that leads to the Federal Hotel. Ras Beirut V (a) or Bergy's "plus 8" Beach is 800 metres (2,600 ft) south of Pigeon Rock on

560-468: The College, it was decided that the seminary pursue only theological studies, while the College be responsible for general studies. The Seminary had several locations in the subsequent years and, in 1905, moved back to Beirut . In 1912, under Principal F. E. Hoskins, Colton Hall – a gift of Mr. Milton Colton of Jenkintown, Pennsylvania – was constructed on a piece of land near the center of the city and became

595-574: The Continental Hotel where the Wadi Abu Chahine drops to sea level. The site is on the north bank of the stream in a 5 metres (16 ft) long cavity in the cliff filled with soils. Fleisch found Levalloisian and Micro-Levalloisian industries in the upper layers. The site has now disappeared. Ras Beirut VIII or Bay of Pigeon Rock is in a gully on the south cliff in the Bay of Pigeon Rock. Material

630-732: The Holy Land ; as well as one historic church the Episcopal Church in Jerusalem and the Middle East of the Anglican Communion. These four local churches jointly sponsor the N.E.S.T. and enjoy the full cooperation and support of Associate Members, all of whom are represented on the Board of Managers. Ras Beirut Ras Beirut ( Arabic : رأس بيروت , lit.   'tip of Beirut')

665-620: The Near East, seeking to strengthen theological education in the area, proposed to unite the theological institutions in Athens and Beirut. In the spring of that year, after a period of negotiations between the Syria Mission (Presbyterian) and the Near East Mission (Congregational), an agreement was reached for the two schools to merge and form the new Near East School of Theology in Beirut. The merger

700-574: The School moved to its new home: a modern, well equipped building, two blocks to the south of the American University of Beirut in Ras Beirut . The credit for this considerable achievement must go above all to the late President Hovhannes Aharonian , who, from 1959 and until his retirement in 1978, presided over the destiny of the School, and had served in other capacities for many years prior to that. On

735-566: The article's talk page . Near East School of Theology The Near East School of Theology, formed in 1932 by the merger of the School for Religious Workers in Beirut and the School of Religion in Athens , is built upon a history of evangelical theological education in the Near East which goes back to 1835. In that year, Rev. William Thompson, later the author of The Land and the Book , founded in Beirut

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770-510: The end. The first four sites contain stratified Lower Paleolithic industries from the 45 metres (148 ft) beach level, the next five are stratified Middle Paleolithic with a gap in stratified sites to the Chalcolithic found at site XI. Intervening periods including the Levalloiso - Mousterian were well represented in surface finds along with a substantial amount of Neolithic material on

805-598: The establishment of the School of Religion in Istanbul , with the Rev. Fred Goodsell as President. After the catastrophe of İzmir in 1922, the Armenian and Greek students of the School, together with Professor Loutfi Levonian, moved to Athens. In 1925, the Istanbul branch of the school was closed and the institutions were combined in the School of Religion in Athens. In 1930, missionaries in

840-627: The first Protestant Seminary in the area. In 1843 the Seminary moved to Abey , in the mountain not far south of Beirut, under the leadership of Dr. Cornelius Van Dyck , translator of the Bible into Arabic . It offered classes in both theology and general education. Out of the Abey Seminary grew, in 1866, the Syrian Protestant College, now the American University of Beirut . With the founding of

875-694: The home of the N.E.S.T. until 1971. In the meantime, as early as 1839, theological education was being offered in the area which is now Turkey , under the leadership of the Rev. Cyrus Hamlin , of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions , in Bebek and later in Marzifoon, Marash and Harput . However, because of the events which befell the Armenian population in the Ottoman Empire during World War I , these seminaries were closed and consolidated in

910-557: The nearby beaches. The area is separated from the Sands of Beirut sites by the Wadi Abu Chahine or "South Creek" which begins south of the Continental Hotel area. It is an important site for Quaternary studies and has been published in various works by Fleisch, Auguste Bergy in 1932, L. Dubertret in 1940 and 1948, Wright in 1960 and 1962, Raoul Describes in 1921, Dorothy Garrod in 1960 and R. Neuville in 1933. Stratified sites are numbered in chronological order with unstratified sites at

945-546: The occasion of his retirement, the Reverend Aharonian was named Honorary President. The events of recent years in Lebanon have left their mark on the whole society and on every institution in the country. The N.E.S.T. too was adversely affected, especially through the loss of teaching faculty and the reduction of the student body to a third of its pre-war size. Nevertheless, the School was able to keep its doors open all through

980-513: The richest factory site in Lebanon" with hundreds of pieces recovered and held in the National Museum of Beirut . Ras Beirut XII is thought to be in the area below the lighthouse and was found by Describes. It is recorded as a surface Acheulean site but appears to be a group of Neolithic pick along with factory waste. Construction of a playing field has covered the site with a false layer. Ras Beirut XIII or Field south of Pigeon Rock

1015-584: The situation of the churches in this region, as well as to keep in line with the ecumenical renewal in theological education worldwide. Near East School of Theology has published Theological Review , a semi-annual journal, since 1978. The NEST is an undergraduate and graduate theological seminary of some 40 students and seven full and two part-time faculty. The seminary offers the following programs: B.A. in Christian Education; B.Th. with emphasis in pastoral studies; B.Th. in Christian Education; M.A.C.E.,

1050-410: The troubles and is now attempting to rebuild its student body and to reach out in new directions. The first sign of this renewal is perhaps the revised curriculum for all degree programs which is included in this catalog, and was implemented as of October, 1991. The new curriculum is an attempt at updating the course offerings and the requirements in the various degree programs so as to meet the changes in

1085-404: The way to St. Elie beach at around 15 metres (49 ft) above sea level opposite the Continental Hotel. A layer of pebbles, marine shells and flints in the sandstone was found by Auguste Bergy and studied by Dubertret in 1937 and 1940, de Vaumas in 1947, Haller in 1945, Fleisch in 1956 and 1962, Howell in 1959 and Dorothy Garrod in 1960. Levalloisian materials are more evolved at this site and

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1120-624: Was consummated on November 11, 1932, with Gaius Greenslade as Principal and Loutfi Levonian as Dean. Following World War II , the two American Boards were joined by the National Evangelical Synod of Syria and Lebanon , the Union of the Armenian Evangelical Churches in the Near East (1945), the Diocese of Jerusalem of the Episcopal Church (1950) and the Lutheran Church in Jordan (1967). In 1971,

1155-447: Was found by Fleisch in the breccia above Rue Jinnah that predates all of the other tools found at Ras Beirut. An abundant Middle Acheulean industry was also found. Ras Beirut II or The Offshore Bar is a fossil bar of flint, gravel and marine organisms, 2.5 metres (8.2 ft) under the soil next to and under Rue Jinnah. It was studied by Henri Fleisch during the digging of a drainage trench who published results in 1951 and 1954. It

1190-474: Was recovered in brecciated beach deposits representing a Levalloisian industry with traces of Micro-Levalloisian, this was studied by Fleisch and published in 1954 and 1956. Ras Beirut IX or Depot facing cote 34 was discovered by Fleisch opposite the start of the Rue Jinnah (cote 34), 500 metres (1,600 ft) south of Pigeon Rock. The material is suggested to date to the time when the sea had retreated from

1225-474: Was suggested to be of the Levallois form with some Bir Hassan picks similar to those at Ras Beirut III and IV but from a different level. Ras Beirut XI or Minet ed Dhalia is on the second headland south of Pigeon Rock on the 15 metres (49 ft) terrace and was excavated by Raoul Describes in 1914, publishing his studies in 1921 and originally suggesting he had found a large number of tools and waste from

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