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105-572: Published on 30 October 2007 in South Korea by Changbi Publishers, The Vegetarian was received as "very extreme and bizarre" by the South Korean audience. "Mongolian Mark", the second and central part of the novel, was awarded the prestigious Yi Sang Literary Prize . It has been translated into at least thirteen languages, including English, French, Spanish, and Chinese. The Vegetarian is Han's first novel to be translated into English. The translation

210-411: A PTSD diagnosis ranges from 4% to 52% in non-clinical samples to 10% to 47% in clinical samples. A complicated symptom profile develops when trauma and anorexia meld; the bodily experience of the individual is changed and intrusive thoughts and sensations may be experienced. Traumatic events can lead to intrusive and obsessive thoughts, and the symptom of anorexia that has been most closely linked to

315-405: A PTSD diagnosis is increased obsessive thoughts pertaining to food. Similarly, impulsivity is linked to the purge and binge-purge subtypes of anorexia, trauma, and PTSD. Emotional trauma (e.g., invalidation, chaotic family environment in childhood) may lead to difficulty with emotions, particularly the identification of and how physical sensations contribute to the emotional response. When trauma

420-530: A chat endlessly. I truly enjoy this process. I am lucky to have met Deborah, a wonderful translator who can render subtlety and delicacy." Smith has said that her first attempt at Korean translation involved "looking up practically every other word in the dictionary". Smith has translated some of Han's other works, including Human Acts (2016) and The White Book (2017). Smith's translation was criticized in South Korea for inaccuracies. The Los Angeles Times noted that Smith embellished Han's writing style, quoting

525-419: A cross-sectional study done on British South Asian adolescent English adolescent anorexia patients, it was found that both patients' symptom profiles differed. South Asians were less likely to exhibit fat-phobia as a symptom versus their English counterparts, instead exhibiting loss of appetite. However, both kinds of patients had distorted body images, implying the possibility of disordered eating and highlighting

630-437: A flower petal, he forms a plan to paint and record her in order to bring this artistic image to life. It is revealed that he is attracted to Yeong-hye, especially after checking up on her—the narrator reveals that Yeong-hye has been served divorce papers by Mr. Cheong—and finding her unabashedly naked in her apartment. Yeong-hye agrees to model for him and he paints flowers across her body in a studio rented from an art professor in

735-411: A friend to paint flowers on him and visits Yeong-hye, where the two engage in a recorded moment of intercourse. When his wife discovers the film, she calls "emergency services", claiming that both he and Yeong-hye are mentally unwell. He contemplates jumping off of the balcony, most likely to his death, but remains "rooted to the spot" and is escorted out of the building by the authorities. In-hye remains

840-509: A hospital to restore weight. Evidence for benefit from nasogastric tube feeding is unclear. Such an intervention may be highly distressing for both anorexia patients and healthcare staff when administered against the patient's will under restraint. Some people with anorexia will have a single episode and recover while others may have recurring episodes over years. Many complications, both physical and psychological, improve or resolve with nutritional rehabilitation and adequate weight gain. It

945-670: A low bodyweight is thought to be advantageous for aesthetics or performance, such as dance, gymnastics , running, and figure skating . Treatment of anorexia involves restoring the patient back to a healthy weight, treating their underlying psychological problems, and addressing underlying maladaptive behaviors. While medications do not help with weight gain, they may be used to help with associated anxiety or depression . Different therapy methods may be useful, such as cognitive behavioral therapy or an approach where parents assume responsibility for feeding their child, known as Maudsley family therapy . Sometimes people require admission to

1050-411: A magazine that aggregates critic reviews of books, the book received 4 out of 5 stars based on critic reviews. Boyd Tomkin, chairman of the 2016 Man Booker International Prize judging panel, lauded the book for its "disturbing outlook on a subject of vast interest", and Smith's "creative effort for blending beauty and horror". He commented, "This compact, exquisite, and disturbing book will linger long in

1155-440: A major life-change or stress -inducing event. The causes of anorexia are varied and may differ from individual to individual. There is emerging evidence that there is a genetic component, with identical twins more often affected than fraternal twins. Cultural factors also appear to play a role, with societies that value thinness having higher rates of the disease. Anorexia also commonly occurs in athletes who play sports where

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1260-468: A number of biological findings in people with anorexia that are not necessarily causative of the anorexic behavior. For example, abnormal hormonal responses to challenges with serotonergic agents have been observed during acute illness, but not recovery. Nevertheless, increased cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (a metabolite of serotonin), and changes in anorectic behavior in response to acute tryptophan depletion ( tryptophan

1365-420: A person's likelihood to develop an eating disorder. Additionally, Anorexia Nervosa can contribute to the development of certain conditions. The presence of psychiatric comorbidity has been shown to affect the severity and type of anorexia nervosa symptoms in both adolescents and adults. Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) are highly comorbid with AN. OCD

1470-443: A person's risk of death from a wide range of other causes, including suicide . About 5% of people with anorexia die from complications over a ten-year period. Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder characterized by attempts to lose weight by way of starvation . A person with anorexia nervosa may exhibit a number of signs and symptoms, the type and severity of which may vary and be present but not readily apparent. Though anorexia

1575-423: A reluctant Mr. Cheong and Yeong-hye's brother Yeong-ho to hold her arms while he force-feeds her a piece of pork. Yeong-hye breaks away, spits out the pork, grabs a fruit knife, and slits her wrist. The incredulous family rushes her to a hospital where she recovers and where Mr. Cheong admits to himself that she has become mentally unstable. As the section ends Yeong-hye manages to walk out of the hospital and when she

1680-409: A restricted diet. It has been suggested that patients with anorexia are rigid in their thought patterns, and place a high level of importance upon being thin. Although the prevalence rates vary greatly, between 37% and 100%, there appears to be a link between traumatic events and eating disorder diagnosis. Approximately 72% of individuals with anorexia report experiencing a traumatic event prior to

1785-399: A rise in the incidence of anorexia in places they were once rare in. Anorexia, once primarily associated with Western culture, seems more than ever to be linked to the cultures of modernity and globalization. Evidence from physiological, pharmacological and neuroimaging studies suggest serotonin (also called 5-HT) may play a role in anorexia. While acutely ill, metabolic changes may produce

1890-413: A translator "must be unfaithful to some aspects in order to be faithful to others. I try to stay faithful to the spirit, and faithful to the letter as much as I can, without compromising the spirit." Talking about the process, Han said, "Deborah usually sends me the file of her translation after she finishes, with notes and questions. And I send it back to her with my answers and notes. It is just like having

1995-558: A translator who called it an "adaptation" rather than a translation. Scholars have pointed out various mistakes, including concerns that Smith may have attributed some of the dialogue to the wrong characters. Writing for The Guardian , Claire Armitstead felt that Smith's "activist" translation helped make South Korean literature more accessible. Smith defended her translation in the Los Angeles Review of Books . The novella primarily deals with desire, shame, and empathy reflected by

2100-444: A university student, she came across the work of the noted Korean writer Yi Sang . In particular, she was struck by the quote "I believe that humans should be plants." Han's lifelong exploration of the themes of violence and humanity is also reflected in the book, which primarily deals with human beings' natural and daily choices in terms of food. Talking to Sarah Shin for The White Review , she said, "While writing The Vegetarian , I

2205-431: A whole they indicate serotonin in anorexia. These alterations in serotonin have been linked to traits characteristic of anorexia such as obsessiveness, anxiety, and appetite dysregulation. Neuroimaging studies investigating the functional connectivity between brain regions have observed a number of alterations in networks related to cognitive control, introspection, and sensory function. Alterations in networks related to

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2310-586: A woman turning into a plant. I wrote a short story, “The Fruit of My Woman,” in 1997, where a woman literally turns into a plant. After several years (2003–2004) I reworked this image in The Vegetarian , in a darker and fiercer way." In a February 2016 interview with The Guardian , Han Kang said, "As a teenager I suffered typical questions: why pain, why death? I thought that books held the answers, but curiously I realized they contain only questions. Their writers were weak and vulnerable just like we were." Writing

2415-588: A woman whose sudden turn to veganism disrupts her family and exposes the worst human appetites and impulses". Calling it a melancholic tale of something more than vegetarianism, Thrity Umrigar , writing in The Boston Globe , described The Vegetarian as a tale of a woman torn between a stock of her own cautious and conventional life choices and her family members who are not as innocent as they seem to be. Gabe Habash of Publishers Weekly called it an ingenious, upsetting, and unforgettable novel. He added, "There

2520-898: Is a South Korean literary award . It is one of South Korea's most prestigious literary awards, named after Yi Sang , an innovative writer in modern Korean literature. The Yi Sang Literary Award was established in 1977. It is sponsored by the Korean publisher Munhaksasangsa. Winners [ edit ] 1977 김승옥 Kim Seung-ok , 〈서울의 달빛 0장〉 The Moonlight of Seoul 1978 이청준 Yi Chong-Jun 〈잔인한 도시〉 The Cruel City 1979 오정희 Oh Jung-hee 〈저녁의 게임〉 Evening Game 1980 유재용 Yoo Jae-yong 〈관계〉 Relationship 1981 박완서 Park Wan-suh , 〈엄마의 말뚝〉 Mother’s Hitching Post 1982 최인호 Choi In-ho , 〈깊고 푸른 밤〉 Deep Blue Night 1983 서영은 So Yeong-eun , 〈먼 그대〉 Distant You 1984 이균영 Lee Kyun-young , 〈어두운 기억의 저편〉 The Other Side of Dark Remembrance 1985 이제하 Yi Jae-ha , 〈나그네는 길에서도 쉬지 않는다〉 Travelers do not rest even on

2625-543: Is a higher incidence and prevalence of anorexia nervosa in sports with an emphasis on aesthetics, where low body fat is advantageous, and sports in which one has to make weight for competition. Family group dynamics can play a role in the perpetuation of anorexia including negative expressed emotion in overprotective families where blame is frequently experienced among its members. In the face of constant pressure to be thin, often perpetuated by teasing and bullying, feelings of low self-esteem and self-worth can arise, including

2730-489: Is a list containing information about the translated works. The book was translated from Korean into English by Deborah Smith , a British translator, who has been translating Korean into English since 2010. She is the founder of Tilted Axis Press, a non-profit publishing house focusing on contemporary fiction specifically from Asia. Speaking at the Seoul International Book Fair on 15 June 2016, Smith said that

2835-407: Is a metabolic precursor to serotonin) support a role in anorexia. The activity of the 5-HT 2A receptors has been reported to be lower in patients with anorexia in a number of cortical regions, evidenced by lower binding potential of this receptor as measured by PET or SPECT , independent of the state of illness. While these findings may be confounded by comorbid psychiatric disorders, taken as

2940-408: Is an eating disorder characterized by food restriction , body image disturbance , fear of gaining weight, and an overpowering desire to be thin. Individuals with anorexia nervosa have a fear of being overweight or being seen as such, despite the fact that they are typically underweight . The DSM-5 describes this perceptual symptom as "disturbance in the way in which one's body weight or shape

3045-441: Is an extraordinary experience. Last year’s London Book Fair had Korea as guest of honour, in the hope of tempting English-language publishers to seek out more contemporary Korean novelists, but The Vegetarian will be hard to beat. It is sensual, provocative and violent, ripe with potent images, startling colors and disturbing questions." Claire Fallon, writing for The Huffington Post , called it "an elegant tale, in three parts, of

3150-456: Is conflicting, and well-designed research is needed. The fear of food is known as sitiophobia or cibophobia , and is part of the differential diagnosis. Other psychological causes of anorexia include low self-esteem, feeling like there is lack of control, depression, anxiety , and loneliness. People with anorexia are, in general, highly perfectionistic and most have obsessive compulsive personality traits which may facilitate sticking to

3255-617: Is estimated to occur in 0.3% to 4.3% of women and 0.2% to 1% of men in Western countries at some point in their life. About 0.4% of young women are affected in a given year and it is estimated to occur ten times more commonly among women than men. It is unclear whether the increased incidence of anorexia observed in the 20th and 21st centuries is due to an actual increase in its frequency or simply due to improved diagnostic capabilities. In 2013, it directly resulted in about 600 deaths globally, up from 400 deaths in 1990. Eating disorders also increase

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3360-865: Is evidence for biological, psychological, developmental, and sociocultural risk factors, but the exact cause of eating disorders is unknown. Anorexia nervosa is highly heritable . Twin studies have shown a heritability rate of 28–58%. First-degree relatives of those with anorexia have roughly 12 times the risk of developing anorexia. Association studies have been performed, studying 128 different polymorphisms related to 43 genes including genes involved in regulation of eating behavior, motivation and reward mechanics , personality traits and emotion . Consistent associations have been identified for polymorphisms associated with agouti-related peptide , brain derived neurotrophic factor , catechol-o-methyl transferase , SK3 and opioid receptor delta-1 . Epigenetic modifications , such as DNA methylation , may contribute to

3465-550: Is experienced". In research and clinical settings, this symptom is called "body image disturbance". Individuals with anorexia nervosa also often deny that they have a problem with low weight. They may weigh themselves frequently, eat small amounts, and only eat certain foods. Some exercise excessively, force themselves to vomit (in the "anorexia purging" subtype), or use laxatives to lose weight and control body shapes, and/or binge eat . Medical complications may include osteoporosis , infertility , and heart damage, along with

3570-409: Is induced, likely mediated by various changes in the neuroendocrine system . This has given further rise to the hypothesis that anorexia nervosa and other restrictive eating disorders may be an evolutionarily advantageous adaptive response to a perceived famine in the environment. Early theories of the cause of anorexia linked it to childhood sexual abuse or dysfunctional families ; evidence

3675-411: Is linked with more severe symptomatology and worse prognosis. The causality between personality disorders and eating disorders has yet to be fully established. Other comorbid conditions include depression , alcoholism , borderline and other personality disorders , anxiety disorders , attention deficit hyperactivity disorder , and body dysmorphic disorder (BDD). Depression and anxiety are

3780-400: Is mingled with such violence and beauty. These were universal questions that occupied me as I wrote it". The Vegetarian received mainly positive reviews from critics. According to Book Marks , a literary review aggregator, the book received "rave" reviews based on 13 critic reviews with 10 being "rave" and 2 being "positive" and 1 being "pan". On Bookmarks Magazine May/June 2016 issue,

3885-483: Is more than a cautionary tale about the brutal treatment of women: it is a meditation on suffering and grief. It is about escape and how a dreamer takes flight. Most of all, it is about the emptiness and rage of discovering there is nothing to be done when all hope and comfort fails. For all the graphic, often choreographed description, Han Kang has mastered eloquent restraint in a work of savage beauty and unnerving physicality." Laura Miller , writing for Slate , compares

3990-585: Is much to admire in Han's novel. Its three-part structure is brilliant, gradually digging deeper and deeper into darker and darker places; the writing is spare and haunting; but perhaps most memorable is its crushing climax, a phantasmagoric yet emotionally true moment that's surely one of the year's most powerful". He compared its parts to Patrick Süskind 's Perfume , Herman Koch 's The Dinner , and Hanya Yanagihara 's A Little Life respectively. Eileen Battersby, writing for The Irish Times , said, " The Vegetarian

4095-459: Is narrated in third person focusing on Yeong-hye's brother-in-law; and the third section remains in third-person but focuses on her sister, In-hye, while sporadically speaking in the present tense. Mr. Cheong considers his wife to be "completely unremarkable in any way". He explains that when he first met her, he was not even attracted to her and that suited him just fine. Mr. Cheong is content with meandering through life; it seems as if his only goal

4200-424: Is perpetrated on an individual, it can lead to feelings of not being safe within their own body. Both physical and sexual abuse can lead to an individual seeing their body as belonging to an "other" and not to the "self". Individuals who feel as though they have no control over their bodies due to trauma may use food as a means of control because the choice to eat is an unmatched expression of control. By controlling

4305-444: Is suggested so that the different health care professional specialties can help addresses the different challenges that can be associated with recovery. Treatment for anorexia typically involves a combination of medical, psychological interventions such as therapy, and nutritional interventions (diet) interventions. Hospitalization may also be needed in some cases, and the person requires a comprehensive medical assessment to help direct

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4410-468: Is to live a conventional, unremarkable life. He chooses to marry his wife since he thinks she would prove to be a good, dutiful wife who would fit nicely into the kind of lifestyle he seeks. After several years of relatively normal marriage, Mr. Cheong wakes up to find his wife disposing of all meat products in the house. He demands an explanation, and Yeong-hye replies vaguely that "I had a dream." Mr. Cheong attempts to rationalize his wife's life decision over

4515-400: Is tracked down, she reveals a bird in her palm, which has a "predator's bite" in it, and she asks "Have I done something wrong?" The husband of Yeong-hye's sister, In-hye, whose name remains unstated, is a video artist. He imagines a love-making scene between two people, with their bodies decorated by painted flowers and, upon learning that Yeong-hye has a Mongolian spot birthmark shaped like

4620-675: Is typically recognized by the physical manifestations of the illness, it is a mental disorder that can be present at any weight. Anorexia nervosa, and the associated malnutrition that results from self-imposed starvation, can cause complications in every major organ system in the body. Hypokalemia , a drop in the level of potassium in the blood, is a sign of anorexia nervosa. A significant drop in potassium can cause abnormal heart rhythms , constipation , fatigue, muscle damage, and paralysis . Signs and symptoms may be classified in various categories including: physical, cognitive, affective, behavioral and perceptual: Interoception involves

4725-447: Is used by the DSM-5 as an indicator of the level of severity of anorexia nervosa. The DSM-5 states these as follows: Medical tests to check for signs of physical deterioration in anorexia nervosa may be performed by a general physician or psychiatrist, including: A variety of medical and psychological conditions have been misdiagnosed as anorexia nervosa; in some cases the correct diagnosis

4830-494: Is weak and despite the evidence that it is effective and the primary choice for treatment in adolescents, there is no evidence it is helpful for adults. A four- to five-year follow up study of the Maudsley family therapy , an evidence-based manualized model, showed full recovery at rates up to 90%. The Maudsley model of family therapy is problem focused, and the treatment targets re-establishing regular eating, weight restoration, and

4935-465: The cessation of menstrual periods . In extreme cases, patients with anorexia nervosa who continually refuse significant dietary intake and weight restoration interventions, and are declared to lack capacity to make decisions by a psychiatrist, may be fed by force under restraint via nasogastric tube after asking their parents or proxies to make the decision for them. Anorexia often develops during adolescence or young adulthood, typically following

5040-508: The dorsal anterior cingulate cortex may be related to excessive cognitive control of eating related behaviors. Similarly, altered somatosensory integration and introspection may relate to abnormal body image. A review of functional neuroimaging studies reported reduced activations in "bottom up" limbic region and increased activations in "top down" cortical regions which may play a role in restrictive eating. Compared to controls, people who have recovered from anorexia show reduced activation in

5145-477: The fornix has also been reported. A diagnostic assessment includes the person's current circumstances, biographical history, current symptoms, and family history. The assessment also includes a mental state examination , which is an assessment of the person's current mood and thought content, focusing on views on weight and patterns of eating. Anorexia nervosa is classified under the Feeding and Eating Disorders in

5250-544: The reward system in response to food, and reduced correlation between self reported liking of a sugary drink and activity in the striatum and anterior cingulate cortex . Increased binding potential of C radiolabelled raclopride in the striatum, interpreted as reflecting decreased endogenous dopamine due to competitive displacement, has also been observed. Structural neuroimaging studies have found global reductions in both gray matter and white matter, as well as increased cerebrospinal fluid volumes. Regional decreases in

5355-431: The (im)possibility of understanding others, body as the last refuge or the last determination, and some more. It will be inevitable that different aspects are more focused on by different readers and cultural backgrounds. If I could say one thing, this novel isn’t a singular indictment of the Korean patriarchy. I wanted to deal with my long-lasting questions about the possibility/impossibility of innocence in this world, which

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5460-513: The DSM-5, anorexic patients in Asia rarely display this trait, as deep-rooted cultural values in Asian cultures praise larger bodies. Fat phobia appears to be intricately linked to Western culture, encompassing how various cultural perceptions impact anorexia in various ways. It calls on the need for greater, diverse cultural consideration when looking at the diagnosis and experience of anorexia. For instance, in

5565-577: The English translated edition of the book won the Man Booker International Prize for fiction, with the judging panel citing it as "unforgettably powerful and original". The book became the first winner of the prize for which only one work of the author was judged, as compared to previous prizes which were awarded for collective works by an author. The novel beat The Story of the Lost Child by

5670-581: The Italian writer Elena Ferrante and A Strangeness in My Mind by the Turkish writer Orhan Pamuk , both of which were considered as frontrunners. The prize money of £ 50,000 was shared by Han and Smith. The prize catapulted the book's international sales, as a further 462,000 copies were ordered and printed by Changbi Publishers to assuage the demand. Commenting on the sales, Han said, "I am overwhelmed. I had thought

5775-1397: The alleyways barefoot 2012 김영하 Kim Young-ha , 〈옥수수와 나〉 2013 김애란 Kim Ae-ran , 〈침묵의 미래〉 The future of Slience 2014 편혜영 Pyun Hye-young , 〈몬순〉 Monsoon 2015 김숨 Kim Sum , 〈뿌리 이야기〉 Story of Root 2016 김경욱 Kim Kyung-uk , 〈천국의 문〉 2017 구효서 Gu Hyo-seo , 〈풍경소리〉 2018 손홍규, 〈꿈을 꾸었다고 말했다〉 2019 윤이형 Yun I-hyeong , 〈그들의 첫 번째와 두 번째 고양이〉 2021 이승우 Lee Seung-u , 〈마음의 부력〉 2022: ? (not made) 2023: Choi Jin-Young for Home Sweet Home References [ edit ] ^ Korea Herald , Feb 18, 2011 ^ AsiaWrites: http://www.asiawrites.org/2010/03/yi-sang-literary-award.html ^ Korean Books Publishing Project: http://koreanbooks.or.kr/publishers/publishers_info.jsp?pnum=40 ^ Hahn, Daniel (24 January 2015). "The Vegetarian by Han Kang review – an extraordinary story of family fallout" . Retrieved 22 May 2015 . Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yi_Sang_Literary_Award&oldid=1250539144 " Categories : Yi Sang Literary Award South Korean literary awards Fiction awards Awards established in 1977 Yi Sang Hidden categories: Articles needing additional references from October 2024 All articles needing additional references Anorexia nervosa Anorexia nervosa ( AN ), often referred to simply as anorexia ,

5880-460: The area. He follows up this project with a second piece of art, which involves recruiting a fellow artist to join Yeong-hye in a sexually-explicit film. When the brother-in-law asks if the two will engage in actual intercourse, his friend is disgusted and leaves. Yeong-hye, who had become aroused during this sequence, claims it was because of the flowers painted on the man's body. The brother-in-law asks

5985-424: The binge-purging subtype may be significantly underweight and typically do not binge-eat large amounts of food. In contrast, those with bulimia nervosa tend to binge large amounts of food. It is not unusual for patients with an eating disorder to "move through" various diagnoses as their behavior and beliefs change over time. While anorexia nervosa is commonly associated with women, it can also affect men. However,

6090-1115: The body and the brain. Due to impaired interoceptive sensitivity, powerful cues of fullness may be detected prematurely in highly sensitive individuals, which can result in decreased calorie consumption and generate anxiety surrounding food intake in anorexia patients. People with anorexia also report difficulty identifying and describing their emotional feelings and the inability to distinguish emotions from bodily sensations in general, called alexithymia . Interoceptive awareness and emotion are deeply intertwined, and could mutually impact each other in abnormalities. Anorexia patients also exhibit emotional regulation difficulties that ignite emotionally-cued eating behaviors, such as restricting food or excessive exercising. Impaired interoceptive sensitivity and interoceptive awareness can lead anorexia patients to adapt distorted interpretations of weight gain that are cued by physical sensations related to digestion (e.g., fullness). Combined, these interoceptive and emotional elements could together trigger maladaptive and negatively reinforced behavioral responses that assist in

6195-664: The body as a sexual object, making starvation a solution. Restriction may also be a means by which the pain an individual is experiencing can be communicated. Anorexia nervosa has been increasingly diagnosed since 1950; the increase has been linked to vulnerability and internalization of body ideals. People in professions where there is a particular social pressure to be thin (such as models and dancers) were more likely to develop anorexia, and those with anorexia have much higher contact with cultural sources that promote weight loss. This trend can also be observed for people who partake in certain sports, such as jockeys and wrestlers. There

6300-624: The book is nothing like typical stories about vegetarianism that end with "enlightenment". She compares the work with African-Australian author Ceridwen Dovey 's novella Blood Kin , American author Herman Melville 's 1853 short story " Bartleby, the Scrivener ", Iranian author Sadegh Hedayat 's 1937 cult horror story The Blind Owl , and various journals and works of Czech author Franz Kafka , including A Hunger Artist . Calling it "an extraordinary story of family fallout", Daniel Hahn of The Guardian wrote, "Sentence by sentence, The Vegetarian

6405-415: The book was a difficult task, she said, with the main cause being her joint problems which started in her mid-30s. She wrote the entire novella in longhand. Han received help from a video artist and a psychiatric hospital when researching the book. The second part of the book is primarily inspired by Han's experiences with the aforementioned artist whose body of work was extensively studied. The Vegetarian

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6510-686: The characters' faltering attempts to understand the people around them. Charles Montgomery, a teacher in the English Interpretation and Translation Division of Dongguk University and the editor of the Korean Literature in Translation website, states that Han's "description of some evil functions of life" is reminiscent of her previous book, "Convalescence", which is a novella about a group of people each of whom have suffered different kinds of trauma. Montgomery argues that "since it's written from

6615-706: The conscious and unconscious sense of the internal state of the body, and it has an important role in homeostasis and regulation of emotions. Aside from noticeable physiological dysfunction, interoceptive deficits also prompt individuals with anorexia to concentrate on distorted perceptions of multiple elements of their body image . This exists in both people with anorexia and in healthy individuals due to impairment in interoceptive sensitivity and interoceptive awareness. Aside from weight gain and outer appearance, people with anorexia also report abnormal bodily functions such as indistinct feelings of fullness. This provides an example of miscommunication between internal signals of

6720-433: The criteria for anorexia nervosa. Most notably, the amenorrhea (absent period ) criterion was removed. Amenorrhea was removed for several reasons: it does not apply to males, it is not applicable for females before or after the age of menstruation or taking birth control pills, and some women who meet the other criteria for AN still report some menstrual activity. There are two subtypes of AN: Body mass index (BMI)

6825-420: The development of anorexia nervosa, such as preterm birth , maternal anemia , diabetes mellitus , preeclampsia , placental infarction , and neonatal heart abnormalities. Neonatal complications may also have an influence on harm avoidance , one of the personality traits associated with the development of AN. Neuroendocrine dysregulation: altered signaling of peptides that facilitate communication between

6930-478: The development of eating disorders seems rather complex. Some authors report that unresolved symptoms prior to gastrointestinal disease diagnosis may create a food aversion in these persons, causing alterations to their eating patterns. Other authors report that greater symptoms throughout their diagnosis led to greater risk. It has been documented that some people with celiac disease, irritable bowel syndrome or inflammatory bowel disease who are not conscious about

7035-456: The development or maintenance of anorexia nervosa, though clinical research in this area is in its infancy. A 2019 study found a genetic relationship with mental disorders, such as schizophrenia , obsessive–compulsive disorder , anxiety disorder and depression ; and metabolic functioning with a negative correlation with fat mass, type 2 diabetes and leptin . Obstetric complications: prenatal and perinatal complications may factor into

7140-631: The diagnosis and awareness of eating disorders and associated health risks in men are frequently underrepresented. A survey conducted among a randomly selected sample of individuals aged 18–35 reveals that females are more inclined to report behaviors such as fasting, body checking, and body avoidance, whereas males are more prone to report overeating. 0.3% of men may experience anorexia nervosa in their life time. Treatment for people with anorexia nervosa should be individualized and tailored to each person's medical, psychological, and nutritional circumstances. Treating this condition with an interdisciplinary team

7245-421: The doctors force-feeding her and threatening sedation to prevent vomiting, In-hye bites the nurse holding her back and grabs her sister. In-hye and Yeong-hye are driven to a different hospital by ambulance, and In-hye observes trees as they pass by, which is a hint at the possible inheritance of similar vegetal psyche, which affects her as well. Han first got the idea of writing about vegetation or plants when, as

7350-554: The 💕 (Redirected from Yi Sang Literary Prize ) [REDACTED] This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources:   "Yi Sang Literary Award"  –  news   · newspapers   · books   · scholar   · JSTOR ( October 2024 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message ) The Yi Sang Literary Award (이상문학상)

7455-572: The globe, by emphasizing Western ideals of slimness. A 2002 review found that, of the magazines most popular among people aged 18 to 24 years, those read by men, unlike those read by women, were more likely to feature ads and articles on shape than on diet. Body dissatisfaction and internalization of body ideals are risk factors for anorexia nervosa that threaten the health of both male and female populations. Another online aspect contributing to higher rates of eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa are websites and communities on social media that stress

7560-532: The gut, brain and adipose tissue , such as ghrelin , leptin , neuropeptide Y and orexin , may contribute to the pathogenesis of anorexia nervosa by disrupting regulation of hunger and satiety. Gastrointestinal diseases : people with gastrointestinal disorders may be more at risk of developing disorders of eating practices than the general population, principally restrictive eating disturbances. An association of anorexia nervosa with celiac disease has been found. The role that gastrointestinal symptoms play in

7665-441: The hospital and is found standing in a forest "soaked with rain as if she herself were one of the glistening trees". In-hye, who constantly ruminates about the pain of dealing with her divorce and the care of her child and who throughout the chapter shows signs of her own depression and mental instability, visits Yeong-hye regularly and continues to try to get her to eat. Yeong-hye has given up food altogether, and when In-hye witnesses

7770-489: The importance of attainment of body ideals extol. These communities promote anorexia nervosa through the use of religious metaphors, lifestyle descriptions, "thinspiration" or "fitspiration" (inspirational photo galleries and quotes that aim to serve as motivators for attainment of body ideals). Pro-anorexia websites reinforce internalization of body ideals and the importance of their attainment. Cultural attitudes towards body image, beauty, and health also significantly impact

7875-760: The importance of strictly following their diet, choose to consume their trigger foods to promote weight loss. On the other hand, individuals with good dietary management may develop anxiety, food aversion and eating disorders because of concerns around cross contamination of their foods. Some authors suggest that medical professionals should evaluate the presence of unrecognized celiac disease in all people with an eating disorder, especially if they present any gastrointestinal symptoms, (such as decreased appetite, abdominal pain, bloating, distension, vomiting, diarrhea or constipation), weight loss, or growth failure. With routinely asking celiac patients about weight or body shape concerns, dieting or vomiting for weight control, to evaluate

7980-486: The incidence of anorexia nervosa. There is a stark contrast between Western societies that idolize slimness and certain Eastern traditions that worship gods depicted with larger bodies, and these varying cultural norms have varying influences on eating behaviors, self-perception, and anorexia in their respective cultures. For example, despite the fact that "fat phobia", or a fear of fat, is a key diagnostic criteria of anorexia by

8085-566: The individual as well. In general, treatment for anorexia nervosa aims to address three main areas: Psychological support, often in the form of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), family-bases treatment, or psychotherapy aims to change distorted thoughts and behaviors around food, body image, and self-worth, with family-based therapy also being a key approach for younger patients. Family-based treatment (FBT) may be more successful than individual therapy for adolescents with AN. Various forms of family-based treatment have been proven to work in

8190-437: The intake of food, individuals can decide when and how much they eat. Individuals, particularly children experiencing abuse, may feel a loss of control over their life, circumstances, and their own bodies. Particularly sexual abuse , but also physical abuse , can make individuals feel that the body is not a safe place and an object over which another has control. Starvation , in the case of anorexia, may also lead to reduction in

8295-504: The latest revision of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM 5). There is no specific BMI cut-off that defines low weight required for the diagnosis of anorexia nervosa. The diagnostic criteria for anorexia nervosa (all of which needing to be met for diagnosis) are: Relative to the previous version of the DSM ( DSM-IV-TR ), the 2013 revision (DSM5) reflects changes in

8400-517: The left hypothalamus , left inferior parietal lobe , right lentiform nucleus and right caudate have also been reported in acutely ill patients. However, these alterations seem to be associated with acute malnutrition and largely reversible with weight restoration, at least in nonchronic cases in younger people. In contrast, some studies have reported increased orbitofrontal cortex volume in currently ill and in recovered patients, although findings are inconsistent. Reduced white matter integrity in

8505-499: The maintenance of anorexia. In addition to metacognition, people with anorexia also have difficulty with social cognition including interpreting others' emotions, and demonstrating empathy. Abnormal interoceptive awareness and interoceptive sensitivity shown through all of these examples have been observed so frequently in anorexia that they have become key characteristics of the illness. Other psychological issues may factor into anorexia nervosa. Some pre-existing disorders can increase

8610-544: The minds, and maybe the dreams, of its readers. Deborah Smith's perfectly judged translation matches its uncanny blend of beauty and horror at every turn." Julia Pascal , writing for The Independent said, "It is the women who are killed for daring to establish their own identity. The narrative makes it clear it is the crushing pressure of Korean etiquette which murders them. Han Kang is well served by Deborah Smith's subtle translation in this disturbing book." Porochista Khakpour , writing for The New York Times , states that

8715-478: The most common comorbidities, and depression is associated with a worse outcome. Autism spectrum disorders occur more commonly among people with eating disorders than in the general population, with about 30% of children and adults with AN likely having autism. Zucker et al. (2007) proposed that conditions on the autism spectrum make up the cognitive endophenotype underlying anorexia nervosa and appealed for increased interdisciplinary collaboration. There

8820-408: The most common type of traumatic event, which can encompass sexual, physical, and emotional abuse. Individuals who experience repeated trauma, like those who experience trauma perpetrated by a caregiver or loved one, have increased symptom severity of anorexia and a greater prevalence of comorbid psychiatric diagnoses. In individuals with anorexia, the prevalence rates for those who also qualify for

8925-464: The need for cultural sensitivity when diagnosing anorexia. Notably, although these cultural distinctions persist, modernization and globalization slowly homogenize these attitudes. Anorexia is increasingly tied to the pressures of a global culture that celebrates Western ideals of thinness. The spread of Western media, fashion, and lifestyle ideals across the globe has begun to shift perceptions and standards of beauty in diverse cultures, contributing to

9030-472: The next few months and to deal with vegetarian meals at home, but as Yeong-hye gradually starts to eat less and continues to get thinner, he eventually calls Yeong-hye's family and an intervention is scheduled. While around the dinner table, Yeong-hye's family attempts to convince her to eat meat; her father, who served in Vietnam and is known for his stern temperament, slaps her when she refuses. Her father then asks

9135-493: The only member of the family to support Yeong-hye after her mental and physical decline. She has separated from her husband after the events of the previous section, and is left to take care of their son in addition to her deteriorating sister. As Yeong-hye's behavior worsens, she is admitted to a mental hospital at Mount Ch'ukseong, where, despite receiving high-level treatment for anorexia nervosa and schizophrenia , she behaves gradually more plant-like. On one occasion she escapes

9240-441: The onset of eating disorder symptoms, with binge-purge subtype reporting the highest rates. There are many traumatic events that have been identified as possible risk factors for the development of anorexia, the first of which was childhood sexual abuse. However, other traumatic events, such as physical and emotional abuse have also been found to be risk factors. Interpersonal, as opposed to non-interpersonal trauma, has been seen as

9345-576: The peer group and its values." Studies have hypothesized that disordered eating patterns may be epiphenomena of starvation. The results of the Minnesota Starvation Experiment , for example, showed that normal controls will exhibit many of the same behavioral patterns associated with AN when subjected to starvation. Similarly, scientific experiments conducted using mice have suggested that other mammals exhibit these same behaviors, especially compulsive movement, when caloric restriction

9450-532: The perception that one is not "deserving" of food. Persistent exposure to media that present thin ideal may constitute a risk factor for body dissatisfaction and anorexia nervosa. Cultures that equate thinness with beauty often have higher rates of anorexia nervosa. The cultural ideal for body shape for men versus women continues to favor slender women and athletic, V-shaped muscular men. Media sources such as magazines, television shows, and social media can contribute to body dissatisfaction and disordered eating across

9555-429: The perspective of multiple narrators it achieves a kind of overall verisimilitude and three-dimensional character". Contrary to what the title might suggest, the book only briefly touches on the philosophy of vegetarianism and the associated diet. During a 2016 interview, Han Kang stated, "I think this novel has some layers: questioning human violence and the (im)possibility of innocence; defining sanity and madness;

9660-457: The possible presence of an eating disorders, especially in women. Anorexia nervosa is more likely to occur in a person's pubertal years. Some explanatory hypotheses for the rising prevalence of eating disorders in adolescence are "increase of adipose tissue in girls, hormonal changes of puberty, societal expectations of increased independence and autonomy that are particularly difficult for anorexic adolescents to meet; [and] increased influence of

9765-523: The previous 20,000 copies sold was good enough. I feel that Korean literature is starting to become a trend, now is just the beginning." In 2009, The Vegetarian was adapted into a drama film of the same name by arthouse director Lim Woo-Seong, marking his debut. The film stars Chae Min-seo as Young-hye, alongside Kim Young-jae , Kim Yeo-jin , and Park Sang-yeon. It was produced by Blue Tree Pictures and Rudolf Film in association with Sponge Entertainment. Yi Sang Literary Prize From Misplaced Pages,

9870-490: The reduction of illness behaviors like purging. The Maudsley model is split into three phases, with phase one focusing on the parents implementing weight restoration in the child; phase two transitioning control over food back to the individual at an age-appropriate level; and phase three focusing on other issues related to typical adolescent development (e.g., social and other psychological developments), and helps parents learn how to interact with their child. Although this model

9975-1797: The road 1986 최일남 Choi Il-nam , 〈흐르는 북〉 Flowing North 1987 이문열 Yi Mun-yol , 〈우리들의 일그러진 영웅〉 Our Twisted Hero 1988 임철우 Im Chul-woo , 〈붉은 방〉 The Red Room (co-winner) 1988 한승원 Han Seung-won , 〈해변의 길손〉 Beach Traveler (co-winner) 1989 김채원 Kim Chae-won , 〈겨울의 환幻〉 Annual Winter 1990 김원일 Kim Won-il , 〈마음의 감옥〉 Prison of the Heart 1991 조성기 Cho Sung-ki , 〈우리 시대의 소설가〉 The Novelist of Our Time 1992 양귀자 Yang Gui-ja , 〈숨은 꽃〉 The Hidden Flower 1993 최수철 Choi Suchol , 〈얼음의 도가니〉 The Ice Melting Pot 1994 최윤 Choe Yun , 〈하나코는 없다〉 The Last of Hanako 1995 윤후명 Yun Humyong , 〈하얀 배〉 White Boat 1996 윤대녕 Yun Dae-nyeong , 〈천지간〉 Between Heaven and Earth 1997 김지원 Kim Ji-won , 〈사랑의 예감〉 Premonition of Love 1998 은희경 Eun Hee-kyung , 〈아내의 상자〉 Wife’s Box 1999 박상우 Park Sang-woo , 〈내 마음의 옥탑방〉 The Rooftop Unit in my soul 2000 이인화 Lee In-hwa , 〈시인의 별〉 Poet’s Star 2001 신경숙 Shin Kyung-sook , 〈부석사〉 Buseoksa 2002 권지예 Kwan Ji-Hye , 〈뱀장어 스튜〉 Eel Stew 2003 김인숙 Kim In-sook , 〈바다와 나비〉 Ocean and Butterfly 2004 김훈 Kim Hoon , 〈화장〉 Cremation (Called "From Powder to Powder" in translation) 2005 한강 Han Kang , 〈몽고반점〉 Mongolian Mark (published in English as part of The Vegetarian ) 2006 정미경 Jung Mikyung , 〈밤이여, 나뉘어라〉 Night, Let Split 2007 전경린 Jon Kyong-nin , 〈천사는 여기 머문다〉 An Angel Lives Here 2008 권여선 Kwon Yeo-sun , 〈사랑을 믿다〉 Believe in Love 2009 김연수 Kim Yeon-su , 〈산책하는 이들의 다섯 가지 즐거움〉 Five Pleasures for Those Who Take Walks 2010 박민규 Park Min-gyu , 〈아침의 문〉 The Door of Morning 2011 공지영 Gong Ji-young , 〈맨발로 글목을 돌다〉 Wander

10080-427: The story of Yeong-hye, a home-maker who, one day, suddenly decides to stop eating meat after a series of dreams involving images of animal slaughter. This abstention leads her to become distanced from her family and from society. The story is told in three parts: "The Vegetarian", "Mongolian Mark", and "Flaming Trees". The first section is narrated by Yeong-hye's husband, Mr. Cheong, in the first person. The second section

10185-619: The straightforward style of writing with works by the Japanese author Haruki Murakami . In June 2016, Time included the book in its mid-year list of best books of 2016. In 2024, the New York Times ranked the book 49th in its list of the 100 best novels of the 21st century. The second part of the novella, "Mongolian Mark", was awarded the Yi Sang Literary Prize , one of the most prestigious literary awards in South Korea. In 2016,

10290-410: The title is Chaeshikjueuija [The Vegetarian] as the first short story of the novel is the title piece of it, contains all the three short stories each of which was published previously in 3 separate South Korean literary magazines, and it is the original script translated into English by Deborah Smith. The Vegetarian has been translated into thirty-two languages since its publication in 2007. Following

10395-453: The treatment of adolescent AN including conjoint family therapy (CFT), in which the parents and child are seen together by the same therapist, and separated family therapy (SFT) in which the parents and child attend therapy separately with different therapists. Proponents of family therapy for adolescents with AN assert that it is important to include parents in the adolescent's treatment. The evidence supporting family based therapy for adults

10500-411: The treatment options. There is no conclusive evidence that any particular treatment approach for anorexia nervosa works better than others. In some clinical settings a specific body image intervention is performed to reduce body dissatisfaction and body image disturbance . Although restoring the person's weight is the primary task at hand, optimal treatment also includes and monitors behavioral change in

10605-462: Was awarded to an author's body of work rather than a single novel. It is considered as Korean translated literature's biggest win since Kyung-Sook Shin 's Please Look After Mom won the closing Man Asian Literary Prize in 2012. Prior to it winning the prize, The Vegetarian had sold close to 20,000 copies in the nine years since its first publication. In June 2016, Time included the book in its list of best books of 2016. The Vegetarian tells

10710-620: Was conducted by the British translator Deborah Smith , and was published in January 2015 in the UK and February 2016 in the US, after which it received international critical acclaim, with critics praising Han's writing style and Smith's translation. In May 2016, it won the 2016 Man Booker International Prize . The Vegetarian thus became the first recipient of the award after its reconfiguration in 2015, prior to which it

10815-470: Was first published in Korean in 2007 in South Korea as Chaeshikjueuija by Changbi Publishers. ASIA Publishers subsequently bought the rights to the book and published the English translation for distribution in South Korea. It also published the English versions of Han's novella "Convalescence", and her 2016 novel Human Acts . Chaeshikjueuija [The Vegetarian] published by Changbi Publishers in 2007, while

10920-435: Was harboring questions about human violence and the (im)possibility of innocence. On the reverse side of the protagonist Yeong-hye’s extreme attempt to turn her back on violence by casting off her own human body and transforming into a plant lies a deep despair and doubt about humanity." In February 2016, while talking to Bethanne Patrick of Literary Hub , Han explained, "The idea for the book originally came to me as an image of

11025-484: Was not made for more than ten years. The distinction between binge purging anorexia, bulimia nervosa and Other Specified Feeding or Eating Disorders (OSFED) is often difficult for non-specialist clinicians. A main factor differentiating binge-purge anorexia from bulimia is the gap in physical weight. Patients with bulimia nervosa are ordinarily at a healthy weight, or slightly overweight. Patients with binge-purge anorexia are commonly underweight. Moreover, patients with

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