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176-470: The Station nightclub fire occurred on the evening of February 20, 2003, at The Station, a nightclub and hard rock music venue located at 211 Cowesett Avenue in West Warwick, Rhode Island , United States, killing 100 people and injuring 230. During a concert by the rock band Jack Russell's Great White, an offshoot of the original Great White band, a pyrotechnic display ignited flammable acoustic foam in

352-619: A Kiss tribute band that had set off fireballs during their show in August 2002. For their 2003 tour, the official name of the headlining band of the February 20 concert was billed as Jack Russell's Great White, which was an offshoot of the original band Great White and led by lead singer, Jack Russell . The original band had risen to fame as part of the glam metal scene of the late 1980s and early 1990s. They were best known for their 1989 cover of Ian Hunter 's " Once Bitten, Twice Shy ", which reached

528-514: A Rhode Island nightclub on fire , leading to the deaths of 100 people, including band member Ty Longley. In 2006, following a brief hiatus, the official Great White reformed with other members of the classic lineup joining Russell and Kendall. After more than three decades as their singer, Russell left the band in 2011 and again began touring with a backing band under the name Jack Russell's Great White, until Russell's retirement and death in 2024. Great White has since continued on without Russell, who

704-507: A Grip (1993), which produced four hit singles and became the band's best-selling album worldwide (going on to sell over 10 million copies), and Nine Lives (1997). In 1998, Aerosmith released the hit " I Don't Want to Miss a Thing ". AC/DC produced the double platinum Ballbreaker (1995). Bon Jovi appealed to their hard rock audience with songs such as " Keep the Faith " (1992), but also achieved success in adult contemporary radio, with

880-402: A bluesy rock and roll identity, including some swing in the back beat and riffs that tended to outline chord progressions in their hooks, heavy metal's riffs often functioned as stand-alone melodies and had no swing in them. In the 1980s, heavy metal developed a number of subgenres, often termed extreme metal , some of which were influenced by hardcore punk , and which further differentiated

1056-641: A concert DVD of the band's 30th-anniversary show at the Key Club in Hollywood on March 22. Meanwhile, Russell continued to front his own version of the group as Jack Russell's Great White. In July 2013, bassist Dario Seixas (Who had been in the band when Russell formed his separate band) left the group and was replaced by Great White's former bassist Tony Montana, who returned to a Great White–associated lineup after an absence of more than 20 years. Lorne Black, Great White's original bassist, who performed and recorded with

1232-460: A controlled spray of sparks. Biechele used four gerbs that were set to spray sparks 15 feet (4.6 m) in the air for fifteen seconds. Two gerbs were at 45° angles, with the middle two pointing straight up. The flanking gerbs became the principal cause of the fire. Sparks from the gerbs ignited the insulation foam, and flames were visible on the wall above the stage within nine seconds of their ignition. The flames were initially thought to be part of

1408-521: A cover of ourselves." Talk of a reunion of Great White began in a 2004 interview, where Jack Russell told Metal Express Radio: "I spoke with Michael [Lardie], we threw that around a bit, and thought that sounds like a cool idea, it'd be fun. I'm pretty positive it's gonna happen... probably next year ... We talked to some other people, and [former drummer] Audie [Desbrow] would not be a person I would want to play with ever again in my life. There were some bridges burned there that I just can't forgive, and I'm

1584-401: A factor, as was the inward door Larocque had found and asked to be removed. Jeffrey Derderian said the door was also installed due to noise, and they had removed it as asked, but sometimes re-installed it if the venue was going to be loud that night, and the band used it to escape the building during the fire. Michael Derderian told 48 Hours that it was "Undisputable" [ sic ] that

1760-517: A full member. After the release of Shot in the Dark , Great White hit the road with Dokken for 5 shows and was on the verge of even bigger success. The band hit the mainstream in 1987 when they released their third album Once Bitten , accompanied by the hits " Rock Me ", " Save Your Love " and "Lady Red Light", all of which received significant airplay on mainstream rock radio stations such as KNAC and Z Rock . The model Tracy Martinson appeared on

1936-492: A guitar-playing technique of two-handed hammer-ons and pull-offs called tapping , showcased on the song " Eruption " from the album Van Halen , which was highly influential in re-establishing hard rock as a popular genre after the punk and disco explosion, while also redefining and elevating the role of electric guitar. In the 1970s and 80s, several European bands, including the German Michael Schenker Group ,

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2112-473: A live CD titled Thank You...Goodnight! released by Knight Records. The live album includes two new tracks, "Back to the Rhythm" and "Play On" from their discontinued studio sessions, both of which would ultimately wind up on their reunion album Back to the Rhythm in 2007. By late 2002, following a relatively unsuccessful change in music direction with his second solo album, Jack Russell contacted Kendall, who

2288-468: A loss." Dave Kane and Joanne O'Neill, parents of the youngest victim Nicholas O'Neill , released their letter to the board to reporters. "In the period following this tragedy, it was Mr. Biechele, alone, who stood up and admitted responsibility for his part in this horrible event   ... He apologized to the families of the victims and made no attempt to mitigate his guilt," the letter said. Others pointed out that Biechele had sent handwritten letters to

2464-458: A more diverse group of people and punk seemed to take over the rebellious role that hard rock once held. Early punk bands like the Ramones explicitly rebelled against the drum solos and extended guitar solos that characterised stadium rock, with almost all of their songs clocking in under three minutes with no guitar solos. However, new rock acts continued to emerge and record sales remained high into

2640-494: A pop sensitivity selling 15 million copies in the US while becoming the first hard rock album to spawn three hit singles. The album has been credited with widening the audiences for the genre, particularly by appealing to women as well as the traditional male dominated audience, and opening the door to MTV and commercial success for other bands at the end of the decade. The anthemic The Final Countdown (1986) by Swedish group Europe

2816-488: A return to their hard rock sound. The term "retro-metal" has been applied to such bands as Texas based the Sword , California's High on Fire , Sweden's Witchcraft and Australia's Wolfmother . Wolfmother's self-titled 2005 debut album combined elements of the sounds of Deep Purple and Led Zeppelin. Fellow Australians Airbourne 's début album Runnin' Wild (2007) followed in the hard riffing tradition of AC/DC. England's

2992-418: A series of hit singles. In the last years of the decade, the most notable successes were New Jersey (1988) by Bon Jovi, OU812 (1988) by Van Halen , Open Up and Say... Ahh! (1988) by Poison , Pump (1989) by Aerosmith, and Mötley Crüe's most commercially successful album Dr. Feelgood (1989). New Jersey spawned five hit singles. In 1988 from 25 June to 5 November, the number one spot on

3168-481: A singer named Butch Say whose style was similar to that of Rob Halford , but finally settled on a female singer Lisa Baker. The name they decided to go with was Dante Fox. They played their first gig in 1979 with singer Lisa Baker and played around Orange County and the Los Angeles area for six months with Lisa, until she joined George Lynch 's band Xciter and Butch rejoined briefly. Later they found out that Russell

3344-888: A situation that he was not aware of until he found out "through an e-mail and the Internet", and he was replaced by Mitch Malloy . Guitarist Mark Kendall later claimed that one of the reasons the band had parted ways with Ilous was because the chemistry "wasn't working", and added that they "were kind of growing apart from Terry a little bit — not really for any reason. Nothing like big fights or anything." On July 9, 2020, amidst growing COVID-19 numbers, Great White played an outdoor show in Malloy's birthplace, Dickinson, North Dakota , as part of "First on First Dickinson Summer Nights". While numerous events have been imposing restrictions, such as wearing masks and social distancing, "First on First" has no such rules in place. The concert did draw attention for

3520-569: A solo career that resulted in four successive multi-platinum albums between Ted Nugent (1975) and his best selling Double Live Gonzo! (1978). " Goodbye to Love " by the Carpenters , a duo whose music was otherwise almost exclusively soft rock, drew hate mail for its incorporation of a hard rock fuzz guitar solo by Tony Peluso . From outside the United Kingdom and the United States,

3696-512: A solo career with Blizzard of Ozz (1980), featuring American guitarist Randy Rhoads . Some bands, such as Queen , moved away from their hard rock roots and more towards pop rock , while others, including Rush with Moving Pictures (1981), began to return to a hard rock sound. The creation of thrash metal , which mixed heavy metal with elements of hardcore punk from about 1982, particularly by Metallica , Anthrax , Megadeth and Slayer , helped to create extreme metal and further remove

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3872-479: A sound that sharply contrasted mainstream hard rock, several, including Pearl Jam , Alice in Chains , Mother Love Bone and Soundgarden , were more strongly influenced by 1970s and 1980s rock and metal, while Stone Temple Pilots managed to turn alternative rock into a form of stadium rock. However, all grunge bands shunned the macho, anthemic and fashion-focused aesthetics particularly associated with glam metal. In

4048-510: A state law that prevented charges against fire marshals without proof of bad faith. The grand jury also did not return charges against the band's lead singer, Jack Russell. Lynch told 48 Hours that his investigation found that the fire spread quickly due to the foam the Derderians had installed in the Station's walls and ceilings as a response to noise complaints. The lack of usable exits was also

4224-452: A supergroup that brought together Foo Fighters' Dave Grohl, Queens of the Stone Age's Josh Homme and Led Zeppelin bass player John Paul Jones attracted attention as a live act and released a self-titled debut album that was a hit the US and UK. Ty Longley Great White is an American hard rock band formed in Los Angeles in 1977. The band peaked with several albums during

4400-673: A supporting tour. In 2010, Jani Lane of Warrant began filling in for Jack Russell, while Russell recuperated from surgery after suffering a perforated bowel . Terry Ilous ( XYZ ) replaced Jack Russell for several shows, beginning with a show at the Brixton South Bay in Redondo Beach , during August of 2010, while Paul Shortino ( Rough Cutt , Quiet Riot , King Kobra ) filled in for Russell when Great White performed at Stockholm Rock Out Festival in September. By 2011, Great White

4576-470: A trial: Michael received the same sentence as Biechele and was released from prison in 2009, while Jeffrey received a sentence of 500 hours of community service. Legal action against several parties, including Great White, was resolved with monetary settlements by 2008. Station Fire Memorial Park , a permanent memorial to the fire victims, was opened in May 2017 at the site where the Station once stood. The Station

4752-428: A very forgiving person. I just can't let that one go. I have to stand up for myself..." Russell's stance towards Desbrow had significantly changed by 2006 when he told Mitch Lafon: "I talked to Michael Lardie the other day and he is into doing it. I just want to get hold of Tony Montana and Audie Desbrow. I think that would be very special for our 25th anniversary tour to have the same guys... we haven't played together in

4928-567: A very long time." Later in 2006, guitarist Mark Kendall officially announced that Great White had re-formed. The re-formed lineup of Russell, Kendall, Lardie, McNabb and Desbrow (the lineup from 1996-2000) played their first date together in more than 5 years on January 27, 2007, at the Keyclub in Hollywood performing in the Harpseals.org Benefit Concert for the Seals 2007. The band continued to tour throughout

5104-466: A way for Russell to make a living using the name Jack Russell's Great White with his own band, while the other original members would continue to tour with Terry Ilous, using the official name Great White. On March 18, 2012, Great White announced their first new album with Ilous, Elation , to be released in May that year, along with a live album ( Great White: 30 years – Live On the Sunset Strip ) and

5280-427: Is a form of loud, aggressive rock music. The electric guitar is often emphasised, used with distortion and other effects, both as a rhythm instrument using repetitive riffs with a varying degree of complexity, and as a solo lead instrument. Drumming characteristically focuses on driving rhythms, strong bass drum and a backbeat on snare, sometimes using cymbals for emphasis. The bass guitar works in conjunction with

5456-421: Is not great. This is the time to leave. At first, there was no panic. Everybody just kind of turned. Most people still just stood there. In the other rooms, the smoke hadn't gotten to them, the flame wasn't that bad, they didn't think anything of it. Well, I guess once we all started to turn toward the door, and we got bottlenecked into the front door, people just kept pushing, and eventually everyone popped out of

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5632-514: Is the last 1:10 of " I Feel Much Better " by the Small Faces , recorded in May of 1967. The first 2:46 is typical psychedelic fare of the time, but then the song suddenly changes into a hard bass-and-guitar power chord with Steve Marriott 's rhythm guitar and gut bucket singing, equal to the heaviest rock to be heard later. The Beatles began producing songs in the new hard rock style beginning with their 1968 double album The Beatles (also known as

5808-664: The Allied Forces album in 1981. The Irish band Thin Lizzy , which had formed in the late 1960s, made their most substantial commercial breakthrough in 1976 with the hard rock album Jailbreak and their worldwide hit " The Boys Are Back in Town ". Their style, consisting of two duelling guitarists often playing leads in harmony, proved itself to be a large influence on later bands. They reached their commercial, and arguably their artistic peak with Black Rose: A Rock Legend (1979). The arrival of

5984-524: The Scorpions from Germany marked the geographical expansion of the subgenre. Australian-formed AC/DC , with a stripped back, riff heavy and abrasive style that also appealed to the punk generation, began to gain international attention from 1976, culminating in the release of their multi-platinum albums Let There Be Rock (1977) and Highway to Hell (1979). Also influenced by a punk ethos were heavy metal bands like Motörhead , while Judas Priest abandoned

6160-527: The "White Album") and, with the track " Helter Skelter ", attempted to create a greater level of noise than the Who. Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic has referred to the "proto-metal roar" of "Helter Skelter", while Ian MacDonald called it "ridiculous, with McCartney shrieking weedily against a massively tape-echoed backdrop of out-of-tune thrashing". Groups that emerged from the American psychedelic scene about

6336-466: The 1950s, evident in the work of Memphis blues guitarists such as Joe Hill Louis , Willie Johnson , and particularly Pat Hare , who captured a "grittier, nastier, more ferocious electric guitar sound" on records such as James Cotton 's " Cotton Crop Blues " (1954). Other antecedents include Link Wray 's instrumental " Rumble " in 1958, and the surf rock instrumentals of Dick Dale , such as " Let's Go Trippin' " (1961) and " Misirlou " (1962). In

6512-475: The 1960s, American and British blues and rock bands began to modify rock and roll by adding harder sounds, heavier guitar riffs, bombastic drumming, and louder vocals, from electric blues . Early forms of hard rock can be heard in the work of Chicago blues musicians Elmore James , Muddy Waters , and Howlin' Wolf , the Kingsmen 's version of " Louie Louie " (1963) which made it a garage rock standard, and

6688-436: The 1980s, some hard rock bands moved away from their hard rock roots and more towards pop rock . Established bands made a comeback in the mid-1980s and hard rock reached a commercial peak in the 1980s with glam metal bands such as Mötley Crüe , Bon Jovi and Def Leppard as well as the rawer sounds of Guns N' Roses which followed with great success in the later part of that decade. Hard rock began losing popularity with

6864-479: The 1980s. 1977 saw the début and rise to stardom of Foreigner , who went on to release several platinum albums through to the mid-1980s. Midwestern groups like Kansas , REO Speedwagon and Styx helped further cement heavy rock in the Midwest as a form of stadium rock. In 1978, Van Halen emerged from the Los Angeles music scene with a sound based around the skills of lead guitarist Eddie Van Halen . He popularised

7040-448: The 1990s. The band is named after both the shark with the same name , and guitarist Mark Kendall's former stage nickname. Great White disbanded in 2001, with several members releasing solo material. By the following year, however, Mark Kendall had joined up with lead singer Jack Russell 's solo touring band, and the group began performing as Jack Russell's Great White, which also made headlines when, in 2003, their show pyrotechnics set

7216-601: The 30th anniversary of 1987's Once Bitten by announcing a tour and a new acoustic album titled Once Acoustically Bitten , which was released on July 14, 2020. They performed material from both albums with the former being performed in its entirety on some shows. Prior to the tour, the band previewed material from the acoustic album on June 29 at the Guitar Center in Los Angeles . On July 9, 2018, Great White announced that they had parted ways with Terry Ilous as their singer,

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7392-542: The Billboard 200 album chart was held by a hard rock album for 18 out of 20 consecutive weeks; the albums were OU812 , Hysteria , Appetite for Destruction , and New Jersey . A final wave of glam rock bands arrived in the late 1980s, and experienced success with multi-platinum albums and hit singles from 1989 until the early 1990s, among them Extreme , Warrant Slaughter and FireHouse . Skid Row also released their eponymous début (1989), but they were to be one of

7568-486: The Black Crowes released their debut album, Shake Your Money Maker (1990), which contained a bluesy classic rock sound and sold five million copies. In 1992, Def Leppard followed up 1987's Hysteria with Adrenalize , which went multi-platinum, spawned four Top 40 singles and held the number one spot on the US album chart for five weeks. While these few hard rock bands managed to maintain success and popularity in

7744-508: The Canadian trio Rush released three distinctively hard rock albums in 1974–75 ( Rush , Fly by Night and Caress of Steel ) before moving toward a more progressive sound with the 1976 album 2112 . Also from Canada, Triumph released their debut album in 1976 before their breakthrough came in the form of the Just a Game album in 1979. Later, the band's streak of popularity continued with

7920-624: The Country Club in Reseda . As an unsigned act, Great White headlined at Six Flags Magic Mountain in Valencia playing to 6,250 people. Near the end of 1983, EMI America signed the band and subsequently released Great White's eponymous debut album in early 1984. The band immediately toured the UK supporting Whitesnake 's Slide It In tour and the entire US and Canada opening for Judas Priest 's Defenders of

8096-483: The Darkness ' Permission to Land (2003), described as an "eerily realistic simulation of '80s metal and '70s glam", went quintuple platinum in the UK. The follow-up, One Way Ticket to Hell... and Back (2005) was also a hit, but the band broke up in 2006, becoming active again in 2011. Los Angeles band Steel Panther managed to gain a following by sending up 80s glam metal. A more serious attempt to revive glam metal

8272-644: The European Monsters of Rock tour in the summer of 1988 with several acts such as Kiss , Iron Maiden , Guns N' Roses, David Lee Roth, Megadeth , Helloween , Anthrax and Testament . The band followed up with ...Twice Shy in 1989. The album included their biggest hit, " Once Bitten, Twice Shy ", a cover of a UK hit single by Ian Hunter ; this is Great White's only single to date that has achieved gold certification. The model Bobbie Brown (also known for being in Warrant 's " Cherry Pie " video) appeared in

8448-418: The Faith tour. They also supported Kiss on their Lick It Up tour. Shot in the Dark , their follow-up independent release, marked the arrival of drummer Audie Desbrow after the firing of Holland on December 27, 1984. By the time Capitol Records signed the band and reissued Shot in the Dark , keyboardist-guitarist Michael Lardie , who had played on that album as a session musician, had come aboard as

8624-701: The Jeff Beck Group. Dave Davies of the Kinks, Keith Richards of the Rolling Stones, Pete Townshend of the Who, Hendrix, Clapton and Beck all pioneered the use of new guitar effects like phasing , feedback and distortion . The Doors ' debut album , released in 1967, included songs like " Soul Kitchen ", "Twentieth Century Fox", and a cover version of " Back Door Man ", which were what music journalist Stephen Davis characterized as "enough hard rock tracks". One track that stands out as especially heavy for its time

8800-538: The Parole Board decided to grant Michael Derderian an early release; he was scheduled to be released from prison in September 2009 but was granted his release in June 2009 for good behavior. Hard rock The genre developed into a major form of popular music in the 1970s, with the Who, Led Zeppelin and Deep Purple being joined by Black Sabbath , Aerosmith , Kiss , Queen , AC/DC , Thin Lizzy and Van Halen . During

8976-590: The Rhode Island State Police that he had not spotted the polyurethane foam during the November 2002 inspection because he was upset after finding an illegal inward swinging door that he had previously asked to be removed from the building. Before the fire, the Station often hosted concerts by 1980s hard rock groups and tribute bands . Local bands that had played at the Station before the fire had used pyrotechnics during their concerts without incident, including

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9152-671: The Rolling Stones further developed their hard rock sound with Exile on Main St. (1972). Initially receiving mixed reviews, according to critic Steve Erlewine it is now "generally regarded as the Rolling Stones' finest album". They continued to pursue the riff-heavy sound on albums including It's Only Rock 'n' Roll (1974) and Black and Blue (1976). Led Zeppelin began to mix elements of world and folk music into their hard rock from Led Zeppelin III (1970) and Led Zeppelin IV (1971). The latter included

9328-607: The Runaways débuted with their self-titled album . While Heart had a more folk-oriented hard rock sound, the Runaways leaned more towards a mix of punk-influenced music and hard rock. The Amboy Dukes , having emerged from the Detroit garage rock scene and most famous for their psychedelic hit "Journey to the Center of the Mind" (1968), were dissolved by their guitarist Ted Nugent , who embarked on

9504-460: The Station, who claimed the company had known about the dangers of polyurethane foam but did not warn their employees about it. Although Warner was called to testify to a grand jury, he was not asked about the fax. American Foam refuted the claims in Warner's fax. In 2008, American Foam agreed to pay $ 6.3 million to the families of the victims of the fire. Victims' families have also cited overcrowding in

9680-549: The Swedish band Europe , and Dutch bands Golden Earring , Vandenberg and Vengeance experienced success in Europe and internationally. The opening years of the 1980s saw a number of changes in personnel and direction of established hard rock acts, including the deaths of Bon Scott , the lead singer of AC/DC, and John Bonham , drummer with Led Zeppelin. Whereas Zeppelin broke up almost immediately afterwards, AC/DC pressed on, recording

9856-605: The UK, Oasis were unusual among the Britpop bands of the mid-1990s in incorporating a hard rock sound. Welsh band Manic Street Preachers emerged in 1991 with a sound Stephen Thomas Erlewine proclaimed to be "crunching hard-rock". By 1996, the band enjoyed remarkable vogue throughout much of the world, but were commercially unsuccessful in the U.S. In the new commercial climate glam metal bands like Europe, Ratt, White Lion and Cinderella broke up, Whitesnake went on hiatus in 1991, and while many of these bands would re-unite again in

10032-546: The United States for the Memorial Day weekend festival dubbed The World Series of Rock , which featured Whitesnake, Skid Row , Bad English , and Hericane Alice. Great White recorded two more albums for Capitol Records, Hooked , which was certified gold, and Psycho City . In support of Hooked , Great White did a tour as opener for the German metal band Scorpions and traveled to Europe and Japan. During this tour Mark Kendall

10208-568: The United States, shock-rock pioneer Alice Cooper achieved mainstream success with School's Out (1972), and followed up with Billion Dollar Babies , which reached the No. 1 position on the Billboard 200 albums chart in 1973. Also in 1973, blues rockers ZZ Top released their classic album Tres Hombres and Aerosmith produced their eponymous début , as did Southern rockers Lynyrd Skynyrd and proto-punk outfit New York Dolls , demonstrating

10384-549: The United States. Established acts benefited from the new commercial climate, with Whitesnake 's self-titled album (1987) selling over 17 million copies, outperforming anything in Coverdale's or Deep Purple's catalogue before or since. It featured the rock anthem " Here I Go Again '87" as one of 4 UK top 20 singles. The follow-up Slip of the Tongue (1989) went platinum, but according to critics Steve Erlwine and Greg Prato, "it

10560-622: The West Warwick Fire Department by cellular phone calls to 911 within sixty seconds of ignition. A West Warwick police officer who was already at the scene also reported the fire to police dispatch. The first West Warwick fire engine arrived at the scene at 11:13 p.m., followed by three other trucks shortly thereafter. Hundreds of firefighters responded to the fire, including every available West Warwick firefighter. Fire departments in Warwick , Coventry , and Cranston rendered mutual aid to

10736-723: The Who (delayed in 2002 by the death of bassist John Entwistle until 2006) and Black Sabbath (with Osbourne 1997–2006 and Dio 2006–2010) and even a one-off performance by Led Zeppelin (2007), renewing the interest in previous eras. Additionally, hard rock supergroups, such as Audioslave (with former members of Rage Against the Machine and Soundgarden) and Velvet Revolver (with former members of Guns N' Roses, punk band Wasted Youth and Stone Temple Pilots singer Scott Weiland ), emerged and experienced some success. However, these bands were short-lived, ending in 2007 and 2008, respectively. The long-awaited Guns N' Roses album Chinese Democracy

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10912-413: The act; only as the fire reached the ceiling and smoke began to bank down did people realize it was uncontrolled. Twenty seconds after the pyrotechnics ended, the band stopped playing, and lead singer Jack Russell calmly remarked into the microphone, "Wow... that's not good." Within 40 seconds of the ignition, Great White had stopped playing and left the stage and the venue's fire alarm began to sound, but it

11088-483: The aftermath of the fire, the band and the owners of the Station disputed whether the band were allowed to use the pyrotechnic display during their concert. Jack Russell's Great White had two opening acts for the February 20 concert: Trip, a group from Vancouver, Washington , and Fathead, a local Rhode Island band. All the members of Trip escaped the Station without injury, but two members of Fathead, cousins Keith and Steven Mancini, along with Steven’s wife Andrea, died in

11264-509: The album Back in Black (1980) with their new lead singer, Brian Johnson . It became the fifth-highest-selling album of all time in the US and the second-highest-selling album in the world. Black Sabbath had split with original singer Ozzy Osbourne in 1979 and replaced him with Ronnie James Dio , formerly of Rainbow, giving the band a new sound and a period of creativity and popularity beginning with Heaven and Hell (1980). Osbourne embarked on

11440-413: The album, Great White spent seven months on the road headlining clubs. According to Lardie, it was "the longest stint we ever did without a break". Great White kept up the pace once Sail Away was released on Zoo Records in 1994, touring the US several times over the following year and a half. Their next release, Let It Rock , was released in 1996 through yet another label, Imago Records . In 1999,

11616-581: The band at a Children of the Night Benefit concert in L.A., the performance helping to raise money for housing abused homeless children. Both bands shared the same manager, Alan Niven, at the time. The band continued into the next decade performing the song "House of Broken Love" at the American Music Awards in January 1990. In March, Great White embarked on their first tour of Japan. They returned to

11792-536: The band canceled the second half of their summer tour. The "medical reasons" were claimed to have been related to Russell's relapses in alcohol and cocaine . This was the end of this version of Great White, as Jack Russell entered rehabilitation and did not perform again until 2007. Russell used the year of 2006 to get sober and get a facelift that was detailed on Extra . Russell later referred to this incarnation of Great White as "Fake White", saying "It still sounded like Great White, but not – almost like we were doing

11968-511: The band dates back to their 1983 EP Out of the Night and 1984 self-titled debut album . On June 2, 2017, Great White released their most recent studio effort, Full Circle , on Bluez Tone Records, with Wagener as the producer. The song "Big Time" was released as the first single and video. This was the last studio effort featuring Terry Ilous on lead vocals before his replacement in 2018 by Mitch Malloy. Meanwhile, Jack Russell's Great White released

12144-399: The band members, record label, and management as it existed at the time of the fire. The settlement was the maximum allowed under the band's insurance plan. On the two-year anniversary of the fire, Jack Russell and Mark Kendall, along with Jack Russell's attorney, Ed McPherson, appeared on Larry King Live with three of the victims of the fire and the father of Ty Longley, to discuss some of

12320-595: The band released Can't Get There from Here and embarked on a tour with Ratt , Poison , and L.A. Guns . The album featured the single "Rollin' Stoned", which managed to chart at No. 8 on the Billboard Mainstream Rock Tracks chart. In a memo dated January 20, 2000, Mark Kendall announced he was taking a hiatus from Great White. Shortly thereafter both Audie Desbrow and Sean McNabb left Great White. Russell would continue to tour with only Michael Lardie staying. Desbrow, clearly very unhappy with

12496-402: The band that (on advice from his doctor) he would not be able to rejoin by the February target date, he obtained a licensing agreement from Great White, and formed a new incarnation of Great White with a brand-new lineup under the name of Jack Russell's Great White. The other band members immediately voiced their surprise and strong objection to this move and said that "Jack Russell does not have

12672-438: The band the next year, vocalist David Coverdale formed Whitesnake . 1970 saw the Who release Live at Leeds , often seen as the archetypal hard rock live album, and the following year they released their highly acclaimed album Who's Next , which mixed heavy rock with extensive use of synthesizers. Subsequent albums, including Quadrophenia (1973), built on this sound before Who Are You (1978), their last album before

12848-504: The beginning of a Great White performance at The Station night club in Rhode Island , pyrotechnics used by the band's crew created a spray of sparks that ignited the makeshift and unapproved, unlisted foam soundproofing material affixed to the walls and ceiling around the stage. The soundproofing material was installed to help alleviate area neighbor noise complaints prior to the fire. One hundred people, including guitarist Ty Longley (who

13024-505: The beginning of that tape was released to national news stations. Butler was there for a planned piece on nightclub safety being reported by Jeffrey A. Derderian, a WPRI news reporter who was also a part-owner of The Station. The report had been inspired by the E2 nightclub stampede in Chicago that killed 21 people three days earlier. Derderian had begun working for WPRI on February 17, three days before

13200-451: The brothers had changed their pleas from "not guilty" to " no contest ", thereby avoiding a trial. Michael Derderian received fifteen years in prison, with four to serve and eleven years suspended, plus three years' probation—the same sentence as Biechele. Jeffrey Derderian received 500 hours of community service. In a letter to the victims' families, Judge Darigan wrote that he accepted the deal because he wanted to avoid "Public exposition of

13376-484: The building's use of flammable packing foam instead of flame retardant sound foam was the cause of the fire's spread, but the brothers claimed that they had ordered sound foam and had received the packing foam instead. The foam was sold to the Derderians by American Foam. In 2005, the Rhode Island Attorney General office received a fax from Barry Warner, a former employee of American Foam who lived nearby

13552-416: The club's maximum licensed capacity was cited as 404. The fire started shortly after the band began performing their opening song, " Desert Moon ". During the performance, pyrotechnics set off by tour manager Daniel Biechele ignited the flammable acoustic foam on both sides and the top center of the drummer's alcove at the back of the stage. The pyrotechnics were gerbs , cylindrical devices that produce

13728-405: The commercial success of R&B, hip-hop , urban pop, grunge and later Britpop in the 1990s. Despite this, many post-grunge bands adopted a hard rock sound and the 2000s saw a renewed interest in established bands, attempts at a revival, and new hard rock bands. In the 2000s, only a few hard rock bands from the 1970s and 1980s managed to sustain highly successful recording careers. Hard rock

13904-503: The courtroom. Many families believed the punishment was just; others had hoped for a more severe sentence. On September 4, 2007, some families of the fire's victims expressed their support for Biechele's parole . Leland Hoisington, whose 28-year-old daughter, Abbie, was killed in the fire, told reporters, "I think they should not even bother with a hearing—just let Biechele out   ... I just don't find him as guilty of anything." The state parole board received approximately twenty letters,

14080-520: The cover of the album and also appeared in the video for "Save Your Love". In late 1987, Great White parted ways with bassist Lorne Black and replaced him with Tony Montana (Tony Cardenas). Once Bitten... was certified platinum in April 1988, and a year-long tour in support of the album cemented Great White's popularity worldwide, performing with Guns N' Roses , Twisted Sister , Whitesnake , David Lee Roth and TNT , and appearing on several dates as part

14256-466: The culmination of the British adaptation of blues into rock and a direct precursor of Led Zeppelin's style of hard rock and heavy metal. Jimi Hendrix produced a form of blues-influenced psychedelic rock, which combined elements of jazz , blues and rock and roll. From 1967, Jeff Beck brought lead guitar to new heights of technical virtuosity and moved blues rock in the direction of heavy rock with his band,

14432-444: The death of pioneering rock drummer Keith Moon later that year. Emerging British acts included Free , who released their signature song " All Right Now " (1970), which has received extensive radio airplay in both the UK and US. After the breakup of the band in 1973, vocalist Paul Rodgers joined supergroup Bad Company , whose eponymous first album (1974) was an international hit. UK band Foghat also found success throughout

14608-432: The decade before the Station fire, and this iteration of the band had been performing on a touring circuit of small clubs with capacities of up to 500 people. Although the band was officially known as Jack Russell's Great White at the time, and their tour was initially named after Russell's 2002 solo album For You , they were billed by the Station as simply "Great White" in error. In February 2003, Jack Russell's Great White

14784-445: The decade with their boogie and blues style. The mixture of hard rock and progressive rock, evident in the works of Deep Purple, was pursued more directly by bands like Uriah Heep and Argent . Scottish band Nazareth released their self-titled début album in 1971, producing a blend of hard rock and pop that would culminate in their best selling, Hair of the Dog (1975), which contained

14960-449: The diverse directions being pursued in the genre. Montrose , including the instrumental talent of Ronnie Montrose and vocals of Sammy Hagar released their first album in 1973. Former bubblegum-pop family act the Osmonds recorded two hard rock albums in 1972 and had their breakthrough in the UK with the hard rock hit " Crazy Horses ." Kiss built on the theatrics of Alice Cooper and

15136-426: The door, including myself. That's when I turned back. I went around back. There was no one coming out the back door anymore. I kicked out a side window to try to get people out of there. One guy did crawl out. I went back around the front again, and that's when you saw people stacked on top of each other, trying to get out of the front door. And by then, the black smoke was pouring out over their heads. I noticed when

15312-431: The drums, occasionally playing riffs, but usually providing a backing for the rhythm and lead guitars. Vocals are often growling, raspy, or involve screaming or wailing, sometimes in a high range, or even falsetto voice. In the late-1960s, the term heavy metal was used interchangeably with hard rock, but gradually began to be used to describe music played with even more volume and intensity. While hard rock maintained

15488-479: The early part of the decade, alternative forms of hard rock achieved mainstream success in the form of grunge in the US and Britpop in the UK. This was particularly evident after the success of Nirvana 's Nevermind (1991), which combined elements of hardcore punk and heavy metal into a "dirty" sound that made use of heavy guitar distortion, fuzz and feedback, along with darker lyrical themes than their "hair band" predecessors. Although most grunge bands had

15664-518: The early summer of 2011, but that he was not in any condition to return at that time. Kendall also mentioned that the band had several stipulations that Russell would need to meet to return to the lineup, and that Russell himself had set a new target return date of February 2012, meaning he would not be performing with Great White for the remainder of 2011. Before the year's end, however, Russell had apparently become impatient or disenchanted with this arrangement. In December 2011, just days after informing

15840-528: The effect that the fire had on the close-knit Rhode Island community, "The loss of so much life would represent a tragedy anywhere, but it struck especially hard in Rhode Island, the nation's smallest state, where no place is more than an hour away by car..." Many of the survivors of the fire developed post-traumatic stress disorder after the event. The fire, from its inception, was caught on videotape by cameraman Brian Butler for WPRI-TV of Providence , and

16016-493: The elements introduced by Black Sabbath with their breakthrough live gold album On Your Feet or on Your Knees (1975), followed by their first platinum album, Agents of Fortune (1976), containing the hit single " (Don't Fear) The Reaper ". Journey released their eponymous debut in 1975 and the next year Boston released their highly successful début album . In the same year, hard rock bands featuring women saw commercial success as Heart released Dreamboat Annie and

16192-744: The families of each of the 100 victims and that he had a work release position in a local charity. On September 19, 2007, the Rhode Island Parole Board announced that Biechele would be released in March 2008. Biechele was released from prison on March 19, 2008. Biechele's parole and probation expired in March 2011. As of 2013, Biechele lived in Florida with his wife and two children. Following Biechele's trial, The Station's owners, Michael and Jeffrey Derderian, were scheduled to receive separate trials. However, on September 21, 2006, Judge Darigan announced that

16368-475: The financial state of the band and Russell's relapse in addiction, posted a tirade on his website lambasting Jack Russell while claiming to have been "fired" from Great White. Meanwhile, it was rumored that Sean McNabb was fired for going to management and asking to see the accounting books, though this was debunked by Desbrow, who stated that both he and McNabb had done so several times before getting fired. McNabb would later on state that his reason for being fired

16544-400: The fire site. The Cowesett Inn restaurant across the street from the Station acted as an ad-hoc burn triage and command center for first responders. A portion of the nightclub roof collapsed at 11:57 p.m., and a second portion in the building's sunroom collapsed at 12:07 a.m.. Individuals who needed medical treatment were transported to Kent Hospital , which was filled to maximum capacity due to

16720-747: The fire, I have wanted to tell the victims and their families how truly sorry I am for what happened that night and the part that I had in it. I never wanted anyone to be hurt in any way. I never imagined that anyone ever would be. I know how this tragedy has devastated me, but I can only begin to understand what the people who lost loved ones have endured. I don't know that I'll ever forgive myself for what happened that night, so I can't expect anybody else to. I can only pray that they understand that I would do anything to undo what happened that night and give them back their loved ones. I'm so sorry for what I have done, and I don't want to cause anyone any more pain. I will never forget that night, and I will never forget

16896-504: The fire, the band's official website posted a message stating that Great White had not re-formed. Jack Russell's Great White played their first full show following the Rhode Island tragedy on July 22, starting a benefit tour for the survivors and victims of the fire. The band toured until 2005 to raise funds for the Station Family Fund, which had been set up to help the victims of the tragedy. In late 2005, citing "medical reasons",

17072-519: The fire, the building had been inspected twice by West Warwick fire marshal Denis Larocque. The club was cited for nine minor code violations during the first inspection in November 2002 but was not cited for the flammable polyurethane foam the venue used for soundproofing, which was against code. The follow-up inspection in December 2002 also did not cite the foam, and the inspector gave the building an "All OK" rating on his inspection form. Larocque later told

17248-476: The fire. The concert was hosted by Michael Gonsalves, a disc jockey for Providence rock radio station WHJY who was also known as "Doctor Metal". Gonsalves was the host of the WHJY program The Metal Zone , at the time the longest-running heavy metal radio program in the United States. Jack Russell's Great White started their performance at 11:07 p.m. on February 20. A total of 462 people were in attendance, even though

17424-412: The fire. By 1:30 a.m. on February 21, all the affected individuals had been transported and the street had been cleared. Of the 462 people in the building for the concert, 100 were killed, 230 were injured, and 132 escaped uninjured. Ninety-six individuals died at the scene, and four more died in the hospital in the following weeks. Among those who died in the fire were Great White guitarist Ty Longley and

17600-637: The fire. WPRI-TV and Derderian were criticized for the conflict of interest in having a reporter report on his own property. Derderian resigned from WPRI on June 30. At the scene of the fire, Butler gave this account of the tragedy: It was that fast. As soon as the pyrotechnics stopped, the flame had started on the egg crate backing behind the stage, and it just went up the ceiling. And people stood and watched it, and some people backed off. When I turned around, some people were already trying to leave, and others were just sitting there going, "Yes, that's great!" And I remember that statement, because I was, like, this

17776-415: The first lyrical reference to heavy metal and helped popularise the style when it was used in the film Easy Rider (1969). Iron Butterfly's In-A-Gadda-Da-Vida (1968), with its 17-minute-long title track , using organs and with a lengthy drum solo, also prefigured later elements of the sound. By the end of the decade a distinct genre of hard rock was emerging with bands like Led Zeppelin , who mixed

17952-579: The first wave of post-grunge bands began to fade in popularity. Acts like Creed , Staind , Puddle of Mudd and Nickelback took the genre into the 2000s with considerable commercial success, abandoning most of the angst and anger of the original movement for more conventional anthems, narratives and romantic songs. They were followed in this vein by new acts including Shinedown and Seether . Acts with more conventional hard rock sounds included Andrew W.K. , Beautiful Creatures and Buckcherry , whose breakthrough album 15 (2006) went platinum and spawned

18128-402: The front door through which they had entered. The ensuing crowd crush in the narrow hallway led to that exit being blocked completely and resulted in numerous deaths and injuries among the patrons and staff. Multiple survivors claimed that two bouncers blocked the stage door as attendees attempted to escape the building, stating the door was only to be used by the band. The fire was reported to

18304-419: The grand jury announced indictments against Station owners Jeffrey and Michael Derderian and Jack Russell's Great White road manager Daniel M. Biechele. The three were each charged with 100 counts of involuntary manslaughter with criminal negligence and 100 counts of involuntary manslaughter in violation of a misdemeanor. West Warwick fire marshal Denis Larocque was not charged by the grand jury, as Lynch had cited

18480-637: The group up through the Once Bitten album, died on September 27, 2013. He was 50 years old. In a November 2015 interview with Dayton Daily News , Michael Lardie stated that Great White was "hoping to get into the studio in February or March to at least flesh out some ideas" for their next album. In October 2016, it was reported that Great White would enter WireWorld Studio in Mount Juliet, Tennessee , on January 2, 2017, to begin recording their new album with producer Michael Wagener , whose collaboration with

18656-410: The healing that had taken place over the previous two years and some of the permanent scars that remained. Victims had previously received $ 3.8 million raised by United Way of America . Though the media referred to the band as Great White following the tragedy in Rhode Island, the band was still officially performing under the name Jack Russell's Great White at the time of the incident. Prior to

18832-419: The hit ballads " Bed of Roses " (1993) and " Always " (1994). Bon Jovi's 1995 album These Days was a bigger hit in Europe than it was in the United States, spawning four hit singles in the UK. Metallica's Load (1996) and ReLoad (1997) each sold in excess of 4 million copies in the US and saw the band develop a more melodic and blues rock sound. As the initial impetus of grunge bands faltered in

19008-466: The lack of safety measures during the pandemic, after which the band released a public apology statement. On May 31, 2022, Great White announced they had parted ways with Mitch Malloy and replaced him with vocalist Andrew Freeman of Last in Line , and shortly thereafter, the band embarked on its first major tour with Freeman. The new lineup also intends to work on new music in the future. On October 19, it

19184-430: The last major bands that emerged in the glam rock era. Hard rock entered the 1990s as one of the dominant forms of commercial music. The multi-platinum releases of AC/DC's The Razors Edge (1990), Guns N' Roses' Use Your Illusion I and Use Your Illusion II (both in 1991), Ozzy Osbourne's No More Tears (1991), and Van Halen's For Unlawful Carnal Knowledge (1991) showcased this popularity. Additionally,

19360-471: The late 1990s or early 2000s, they never reached the commercial success they saw in the 1980s or early 1990s. Other bands such as Mötley Crüe and Poison saw personnel changes which impacted those bands' commercial viability during the decade. In 1995 Van Halen released Balance , a multi-platinum seller that would be the band's last with Sammy Hagar on vocals. In 1996 David Lee Roth returned briefly and his replacement, former Extreme singer Gary Cherone ,

19536-441: The latter encouragement and thank him for doing such a great job singing Great White's songs. However, Kendall did also state during this interview that while he and his bandmates were eager for Russell to rejoin, they did want to make sure the time was right and that "when he's back[,] he's back all the way." A later interview with Kendall provided additional detail, indicating that the band had initially hoped Russell would rejoin by

19712-548: The latter producing six hit singles (a record for a hard rock act). Guns N' Roses released the best-selling début of all time, Appetite for Destruction (1987). With a "grittier" and "rawer" sound than most glam metal, it produced three hits, including " Sweet Child O' Mine ". Some of the glam rock bands that formed in the mid-1980s, such as White Lion and Cinderella experienced their biggest success during this period with their respective albums Pride (1987) and Long Cold Winter (1988) both going multi-platinum and launching

19888-519: The look of the New York Dolls to produce a unique band persona, achieving their commercial breakthrough with the double live album Alive! in 1975 and helping to take hard rock into the stadium rock era. In the mid-1970s Aerosmith achieved their commercial and artistic breakthrough with Toys in the Attic (1975) and Rocks (1976), Blue Öyster Cult , formed in the late 1960s, picked up on some of

20064-406: The majority of which expressed their sympathy and support for Biechele, some going as far as to describe him as a " scapegoat " with limited responsibility. Parole board chairwoman Lisa Holley told journalists of her surprise at the forgiving attitude of the families, saying, "I think the most overwhelming part of it for me was the depth of forgiveness of many of these families that have sustained such

20240-399: The maximum allowed under the plea bargain , citing the massive loss of life in the fire and the need to send a message. Speaking to the public for the first time since the fire, Biechele stated: For three years, I've wanted to be able to speak to the people that were affected by this tragedy, but I know that there's nothing that I can say or do that will undo what happened that night. Since

20416-460: The mid-to-late 1980s, including the platinum-selling records Once Bitten (1987) and ...Twice Shy (1989), and those albums' singles " Rock Me " and " Once Bitten, Twice Shy " received considerable airplay through radio and MTV . They charted two Top 40 hit singles on the Billboard Hot 100 , with "Once Bitten, Twice Shy" and " The Angel Song ." They continued to release new material into

20592-495: The middle years of the decade, post-grunge bands emerged. They emulated the attitudes and music of grunge, particularly thick, distorted guitars, but with a more radio-friendly commercially oriented sound that drew more directly on traditional hard rock. Among the most successful acts were the Foo Fighters , Candlebox , Live , Collective Soul , Australia's Silverchair and England's Bush , who all cemented post-grunge as one of

20768-476: The most commercially viable subgenres by the late 1990s. Similarly, some post-Britpop bands that followed in the wake of Oasis, including Feeder and Stereophonics , adopted a hard rock or "pop-metal" sound. A few hard rock bands from the 1970s and 1980s managed to sustain highly successful recording careers. Bon Jovi were still able to achieve a commercial hit with " It's My Life " from their double platinum-certified album Crush (2000). and AC/DC released

20944-586: The music of early rock bands with a more hard-edged form of blues rock and acid rock on their first two albums Led Zeppelin (1969) and Led Zeppelin II (1969), and Deep Purple , who began as a progressive rock group in 1968 but achieved their commercial breakthrough with their fourth and distinctively heavier album, Deep Purple in Rock (1970). Also significant was Black Sabbath's Paranoid (1970), which combined guitar riffs with dissonance and more explicit references to

21120-535: The name change from Dante Fox after seeing Kendall stick his head out of a car window while driving by the Troubador and some kid in the crowd said "there goes Great White". Kendall got the nickname due to his naturally white-blonde hair, white Fender Telecaster guitar, white jumpsuit, and white Capezio shoes. In 1982, the members by this time (as Costa and Richards had left) were Mark Kendall, Jack Russell, drummer Gary Holland , and bassist Lorne Black. They were soon in

21296-568: The new album. On November 5, 2001, Jack Russell (following the death of his father) announced the end of Great White, stating that he was moving on, and that Great White would play a final string of dates, the final show on December 31, 2001, at the Galaxy Theatre in Santa Ana, California . Both Kendall and McNabb appeared for the farewell show (though they had already re-joined in August), recorded for

21472-406: The occult and elements of Gothic horror . All three of these bands have been seen as pivotal in the development of heavy metal, but where metal further accentuated the intensity of the music, with bands like Judas Priest following Sabbath's lead into territory that was often "darker and more menacing", hard rock tended to continue to remain the more exuberant, good-time music. In the early 1970s

21648-430: The people that were hurt by it. I am so sorry. Superior Court Judge Francis J. Darigan Jr. sentenced Biechele to fifteen years in prison, with four to serve and eleven years suspended, plus three years' probation , for his role in the fire. Darigan remarked, "The greatest sentence that can be imposed on you has been imposed on you by yourself." Biechele was released in March 2008. The sentence drew mixed reactions in

21824-511: The platinum-certified Stiff Upper Lip (2000) Aerosmith released a platinum album, Just Push Play (2001), which saw the band foray further into pop with the hit " Jaded ", and a blues cover album, Honkin' on Bobo . Heart achieved their first hit album since the early 90s with Red Velvet Car in 2010, becoming the first female-led hard rock band to earn Top 10 albums spanning five decades. There were reunions and subsequent tours from Van Halen (with Hagar in 2004 and then Roth in 2007),

22000-465: The proto- power ballad " Love Hurts ". Having enjoyed some national success in the early 1970s, Queen , after the release of Sheer Heart Attack (1974) and A Night at the Opera (1975), gained international recognition with a sound that used layered vocals and guitars and mixed hard rock with heavy metal, progressive rock, and even opera . The latter featured the hit single " Bohemian Rhapsody ". In

22176-461: The pyro stopped, the flame had kept going on both sides. And then on one side, I noticed it come over the top, and that's when I said, 'I have to leave.' And I turned around, I said, 'Get out, get out, get to the door, get to the door!' And people just stood there. There was a table in the way at the door, and I pulled that out just to get it out of the way so people could get out easier. And I never expected it take off as fast as it did. It just -- it

22352-580: The release of the 1993 covers album The Spaghetti Incident? Guitarist Slash left in 1996, followed by bassist Duff McKagan in 1997. Axl Rose, the only original member, worked with a constantly changing lineup in recording an album that would take over fifteen years to complete. Slash and McKagan eventually rejoined the band in 2016 and went on the Not in this Lifetime... Tour with them. Some established acts continued to enjoy commercial success, such as Aerosmith, with their number one multi-platinum albums: Get

22528-408: The remaining elements of the blues in their music, further differentiating the hard rock and heavy metal styles and helping to create the new wave of British heavy metal which was pursued by bands like Iron Maiden , Saxon , and Venom . With the rise of disco in the US and punk rock in the UK, hard rock's mainstream dominance was rivalled toward the later part of the decade. Disco appealed to

22704-407: The rest of the year. In 2008, bassist Sean McNabb left Great White to concentrate on a career in theater and acting. McNabb was promptly replaced with Scott Snyder ( Ramos , Accomplice). McNabb then joined the band Dokken . Great White released their album Rising on March 13, 2009, in Europe via Frontiers Records , and on April 21 in the US through Shrapnel Records . They then embarked on

22880-476: The right to start his own Great White or use the name without our names in the lineup. We will litigate any promoter that books 'Jack Russell's Great White' or uses any logo featuring the name Great White." In September 2013, the parties finally reached an agreement in Federal Court that legally Jack Russell will turn all his rights to the "Great White" name over to Kendall, Lardie, and Desbrow. They in turn leased

23056-433: The same time included Iron Butterfly , MC5 , Blue Cheer and Vanilla Fudge . San Francisco band Blue Cheer released a crude and distorted cover of Eddie Cochran 's classic " Summertime Blues ", from their 1968 debut album Vincebus Eruptum , that outlined much of the later hard rock and heavy metal sound. The same month, Steppenwolf released its self-titled debut album , including " Born to Be Wild ", which contained

23232-400: The show's master of ceremonies WHJY DJ Mike "Dr Metal" Gonsalves. Four employees of the Station were killed in the fire. In April 2003, the Derderians were fined $ 1.07 million for failing to carry workers' compensation insurance for their employees. The fine was not resolved until 2013, ten years after the fire, when a judge upheld it. Providence Phoenix columnist Ian Donnis wrote of

23408-406: The single " Sorry " (2007). These were joined by bands with hard rock leanings that emerged in the mid-2000s from the garage rock , Southern Rock , or post punk revival , including Black Rebel Motorcycle Club and Kings of Leon , and Queens of the Stone Age from the US, Three Days Grace from Canada, Jet from Australia and The Datsuns from New Zealand. In 2009 Them Crooked Vultures ,

23584-400: The single "Hard Habit" on December 19, 2014. On July 19, 2016, the group signed with Frontiers Music. The first single with Frontiers, "Blame It On The Night", was released November 30, 2016. The second single "She Moves Me" was released on December 14, 2016. On January 5, 2017, they premiered their third single "Love Don't Live Here". Jack Russell's Great White released the music video for

23760-500: The singles charts with power ballads, including REO Speedwagon with " Keep on Loving You " (1980) and " Can't Fight This Feeling " (1984), Journey with " Don't Stop Believin' " (1981) and " Open Arms " (1982), Foreigner 's " Waiting for a Girl Like You " (1981) and " I Want to Know What Love Is " (1984), Scorpions ' " Still Loving You " (1984), Heart's " What About Love " (1985) and Boston 's " Amanda " (1986). Bon Jovi 's third album, Slippery When Wet (1986), mixed hard rock with

23936-465: The song "Sign of the Times" on January 18, 2017. The debut album He Saw It Comin' released on January 27, 2017. In February 2017, it was announced that Great White would appear at Rockingham Festival 2017, to be held at Nottingham Trent University, UK, between October 20 and 22, 2017, the band scheduled to appear on Sunday 22nd. In late June, it was announced that Jack Russell's Great White would celebrate

24112-429: The songs of rhythm and blues influenced British Invasion acts, including " You Really Got Me " by the Kinks (1964), " My Generation " by the Who (1965) and " (I Can't Get No) Satisfaction " (1965) by the Rolling Stones . Soft rock was often derived from folk rock , using acoustic instruments and putting more emphasis on melody and harmonies. In contrast, hard rock was most often derived from blues rock and

24288-552: The studio and they recorded and released a 5-song EP , Out of the Night , on the independent label Aegean formed by Niven. Niven then convinced the Los Angeles radio station KMET to begin adding songs from the EP to its playlist in heavy rotation. KLOS -FM soon did the same. The band suddenly went from drawing 100 people to a local club to drawing thousands in L.A. concert halls such as Perkins Palace in Pasadena , The Palace in Hollywood and

24464-435: The style from hard rock, although a number of these bands or their members would continue to record some songs closer to a hard rock sound. Kiss moved away from their hard rock roots toward pop metal: firstly removing their makeup in 1983 for their Lick It Up album, and then adopting the visual and sound of glam metal for their 1984 release, Animalize , both of which marked a return to commercial success. Pat Benatar

24640-537: The top ten of the Billboard Hot 100 . At the time of their performance at the Station, there were two of Great White's original members in the lineup: lead singer Russell and guitarist Mark Kendall. Kendall, who had co-founded the band with Russell in 1977, had rejoined Russell's version of the group in 2002. The rest of the lineup included guitarist Ty Longley , who died in the fire, bass guitarist David Filice, and drummer Eric Powers. Great White's popularity had waned in

24816-399: The tour manager for Great White who had ignited the pyrotechnics, pled guilty to 100 counts of involuntary manslaughter in 2006 and was sentenced to fifteen years in prison with four to serve. Biechele was released from prison in 2008 after some families of the victims expressed their support for his parole. Jeffrey and Michael Derderian, the owners of the Station, pleaded no contest and avoided

24992-452: The track " Stairway to Heaven ", which would become the most played song in the history of album-oriented radio. Deep Purple continued to define their unique brand of hard rock, particularly with their album Machine Head (1972), which included the tracks " Highway Star " and " Smoke on the Water ". In 1975 guitarist Ritchie Blackmore left, going on to form Rainbow and after the break-up of

25168-499: The tragic, explicit and horrific events experienced by the victims of this fire, both living and dead." He added that the difference in the brothers' sentences reflected their respective involvement with the purchase and installation of the flammable foam. Rhode Island Attorney General Patrick C. Lynch objected strenuously to the plea bargain, saying that both brothers should have received jail time and that Michael Derderian should have received more time than Biechele. In January 2008,

25344-659: The two styles. Despite this differentiation, hard rock and heavy metal have coexisted with one another, with bands frequently flirting with the boundaries of, or hybridizing the genres. The roots of hard rock can be traced back to the mid-to-late 1950s, particularly electric blues , which laid the foundations for key elements such as a rough declamatory vocal style, heavy guitar riffs , string-bending blues-scale guitar solos , strong beat , thick riff-laden texture , and posturing performances. Electric blues guitarists began experimenting with hard rock elements such as driving rhythms, distorted guitar solos and power chords in

25520-427: The venue as a cause for the casualties during the fire. Larocque had set various capacities for the Station in the years before the fire based on whether pool tables and other items could be moved. The capacity for the Station was either 258 or 404, depending on how the building was being used. The final tally by The Providence Journal of people inside the Station during the fire totaled 462. The first criminal trial

25696-464: The video for "Once Bitten, Twice Shy". Other songs from the album, including " The Angel Song ", " House of Broken Love ", "Mista Bone" and "Move It", received significant attention as well, through radio airplay or otherwise. ...Twice Shy was certified platinum in July 1989, then double platinum in September two months later, and received a Grammy Award nomination for Best Hard Rock Performance. The album

25872-471: The walls and ceilings surrounding the stage. Within six minutes, the entire building was engulfed in flames. The fire was the deadliest fireworks accident in U.S. history and the fourth-deadliest nightclub fire in U.S. history. It was also the second-deadliest nightclub fire in New England , behind the 1942 Cocoanut Grove fire . After the fire, multiple civil and criminal cases were filed. Daniel Biechele,

26048-550: Was a big hit and the singles " Photograph ", " Rock of Ages " and " Foolin' ", helped by the emergence of MTV , were successful. It was widely emulated, particularly by the emerging Californian glam metal scene. This was followed by US acts like Mötley Crüe , with their albums Too Fast for Love (1981) and Shout at the Devil (1983) and, as the style grew, the arrival of bands such as Ratt , White Lion , Twisted Sister and Quiet Riot . Quiet Riot's album Metal Health (1983)

26224-472: Was a considerable disappointment after the across-the-board success of Whitesnake ". Aerosmith's comeback album Permanent Vacation (1987) would begin a decade long revival of their popularity. Crazy Nights (1987) by Kiss was the band's biggest hit album since 1979 and the highest of their career in the UK. Mötley Crüe with Girls, Girls, Girls (1987) continued their commercial success and Def Leppard with Hysteria (1987) hit their commercial peak,

26400-459: Was a nightclub that was located at 211 Cowesett Avenue at the corner of Kulas Road in West Warwick, Rhode Island. The building that would become The Station was built in 1946 and was originally used as a gin mill . Before being converted into a nightclub and concert venue, the Station building had been used as a restaurant and tavern. A fire had previously occurred at the building in 1972 while it

26576-441: Was a platinum-seller in the US and reached the top ten in nine other countries. After somewhat slower sales of its fourth album, Fair Warning , Van Halen rebounded with Diver Down in 1982, then reached their commercial pinnacle with 1984 . Heart , after floundering during the first half of the decade, made a comeback with their eponymous ninth studio album which contained four hit singles. The new medium of video channels

26752-460: Was against Jack Russell's Great White's tour manager, Daniel Michael Biechele, 26, from Orlando, Florida . This trial was scheduled to start May 1, 2006, but Biechele, against his lawyers' advice, pleaded guilty to 100 counts of involuntary manslaughter on February 7, 2006, in what he said was an effort to "bring peace, I want this to be over with." On May 10, 2006, State Prosecutor Randall White asked that Biechele be sentenced to ten years in prison,

26928-439: Was an international hit. This era also saw more glam-infused American hard rock bands come to the forefront, with both Poison and Cinderella releasing their multi-platinum début albums in 1986. Van Halen released 5150 (1986), their first album with Sammy Hagar on lead vocals, which sold over 6 million copies. By the second half of the decade, hard rock had become the most reliable form of commercial popular music in

27104-432: Was announced that Brett Carlisle (who filled in for Freeman a month prior on several dates) was the new vocalist of the band, due to Freeman's commitment with Last in Line . On July 17, 2024, Jack Russell announced that he was retiring from touring, following "a recent diagnosis of Lewy body dementia and Multiple system atrophy " from May of that year. He died nearly a month after the announcement, on August 7, 2024, at

27280-436: Was arrested for shooting a live-in maid in a botched robbery attempt, and sentenced to eight years in prison. The band went its separate ways and Kendall was left to start over. He recruited bassist Don Costa (later a one-time member of Ozzy Osbourne and also briefly in W.A.S.P. ) and drummer Tony Richards (later a member of W.A.S.P. ). They auditioned several singers including John Bush from Armored Saint . They then got

27456-411: Was because of his own addiction problems. The band announced plans to begin work on a new album in late 2000. Early in the process, some of the new songs were played for John Kalodner at Columbia Records . It was mutually agreed that the band needed a break and wanted to do outside projects. Kendall went on to make two solo albums. They subsequently left Columbia Records, curtailing any further work on

27632-667: Was born in Sharon, Pennsylvania on September 4, 1973, graduated from Brookfield High School in Brookfield, Ohio , joined the initial band in 2000, played in Samantha 7 , The Bullet Boys, and played in Nick Menza 's solo project, and session work for many artists, including Nancy Sinatra ), died in the fire that followed. He is survived by his wife Heidi Longley, who was three months pregnant with Ty’s only child. Their son Acey Ty Christopher Longley

27808-468: Was born in the summer of 2003. and is also a musician, running a charity called B.E.A.T.S. (Bringing Everyone A Tremendous Smile) for children in his father's memory. Approximately 115 survivors were badly burned, maimed, and permanently disfigured. In 2008, Jack Russell Touring INC., agreed to pay $ 1 million to survivors and victims' relatives of the fire while admitting to no wrongdoing. This amount also covers former tour manager Daniel Biechele along with

27984-486: Was built in 1946, was exempt from a sprinkler requirement in the state fire code through a grandfather clause , which stated that buildings constructed before 1976 were not required to have a sprinkler system. The NIST report was released on March 3, 2005 and was made available in two parts on June 30, 2005. An investigation of the fire by a Rhode Island state grand jury was started by then-Rhode Island Attorney General Patrick Lynch on February 26, 2003. On December 9, 2003,

28160-444: Was finally released in 2008, but only went platinum and failed to come close to the success of the band's late 1980s and early 1990s material. More successfully, AC/DC released the double platinum-certified Black Ice (2008). Bon Jovi continued to enjoy success, branching into country music with " Who Says You Can't Go Home ", and the rock/country album Lost Highway (2007). In 2009, Bon Jovi released The Circle , which marked

28336-453: Was fired soon after the release of the commercially unsuccessful 1998 album Van Halen III and Van Halen would not tour or record again until 2004. Guns N' Roses' original lineup was whittled away throughout the decade. Drummer Steven Adler was fired in 1990, guitarist Izzy Stradlin left in late 1991 after recording Use Your Illusion I and II with the band. Tensions between the other band members and lead singer Axl Rose continued after

28512-486: Was first replaced by XYZ vocalist Terry Ilous, who stayed in the band until 2018 when Mitch Malloy replaced him. Malloy left in 2022 and was replaced by Andrew Freeman , later followed by Brett Carlisle the same year. Vocalist Jack Russell met guitarist Mark Kendall in 1977, and Kendall asked Russell to join his band. They decided to form a band together and they called it Highway later changing it to Livewire and then played one final show as Wires. Then in 1979, Russell

28688-407: Was hospitalized for a hiatal hernia for 3 weeks and then returned. Guitarist Al Pitrelli was asked to fill in for Mark during his absence. Psycho City was followed by a US tour with Kiss . Capitol issued the compilation The Best of Great White: 1986–1992 in 1993, when Great White had already departed the label to begin work on their next studio release, Sail Away . Before the release of

28864-637: Was made by bands of the sleaze metal movement in Sweden, including Vains of Jenna , Hardcore Superstar and Crashdïet . The swedish rock band Ghost is among the most successful recent hard-rock bands, being nominated 4 times for the Grammy Awards , winning 1 award in the Best Metal Performance category for the song Cirice . Although Foo Fighters continued to be one of the most successful rock acts, with albums like In Your Honor (2005), many of

29040-450: Was not connected to the local fire department. The Station had no sprinkler system installed. Thick smoke began to fill the Station one minute after the ignition, and the crowd began to escape the building. The fire spread throughout the building and completely engulfed it within six minutes of the pyrotechnic ignition. By this time, the nightclub's fire alarm had activated, and although there were four possible exits, most people headed for

29216-522: Was on an eighteen-date concert tour. They had been using a pyrotechnic display during their performances, which some club owners had denied them permission to use, citing safety concerns. Dominic Santana, the owner of The Stone Pony in Asbury Park, New Jersey , told reporters that the band had used pyrotechnics during their February 14, 2003 performance at the venue without his permission, and their contract and rider did not mention pyrotechnics displays. In

29392-402: Was one of the first women to achieve commercial success in hard rock, releasing four consecutive US Top Five albums between 1980 and 1983. Often categorised with the new wave of British heavy metal, in 1981 Def Leppard released their second album High 'n' Dry , mixing glam-rock with heavy metal, and helping to define the sound of hard rock for the decade. The follow-up Pyromania (1983)

29568-472: Was played louder and with more intensity. Blues rock acts that pioneered the sound included Cream , the Jimi Hendrix Experience , and the Jeff Beck Group . Cream, in songs like " I Feel Free " (1966), combined blues rock with pop and psychedelia, particularly in the riffs and guitar solos of Eric Clapton . Cream's best known-song, " Sunshine of Your Love " (1967), is sometimes considered to be

29744-585: Was released from prison after serving only 18 months of his sentence and Russell talked Kendall into an audition and he got in the band by a two to one band vote. They played their first gig with Russell at The Troubadour in Hollywood , California . After recording several demos, the band chose as manager Alan Niven , who had worked for the independent distributor Greenworld in Torrance, California , and had dealt with Mötley Crüe 's debut self-release. Niven suggested

29920-541: Was so fast. It had to be two minutes tops before the whole place was black smoke. A National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) investigation of the fire under the authority of the National Construction Safety Team Act, using computer simulations with FDS and a mockup of the stage area and dance floor, concluded that a fire sprinkler system would have contained the fire long enough to give everyone time to exit safely. The Station, which

30096-468: Was struggling with irrelevancy. Kendall agreed to play some dates with Russell's band. Billed as "Jack Russell's Great White", the tour was to consist primarily of classic songs from the Great White catalog with some of Russell's solo work mixed in. Eventually, more dates were added and the tour extended through the early months of 2003. The band returned to the national spotlight on February 20, 2003. At

30272-468: Was supported by a successful world tour that saw Great White performing at arenas and stadiums, including sharing the stage with Bon Jovi , Ratt , Tesla , Kix , Warrant, Badlands and Britny Fox , and supporting Alice Cooper on his Trash tour. In 1990, the band featured in the heavy metal video series Hard 'N' Heavy containing music, concert footage and interviews. The video included Slash and Duff McKagan from Guns N' Roses appearing with

30448-410: Was the first glam metal album, and arguably the first heavy metal album of any kind, to reach number one in the Billboard music charts and helped open the doors for mainstream success by subsequent bands. Established bands made something of a comeback in the mid-1980s. After an 8-year separation, Deep Purple returned with the classic Machine Head line-up to produce Perfect Strangers (1984) which

30624-453: Was touring regularly with Ilous fronting the band, as they continued waiting for Russell to fully recover and return as lead singer. The band appeared to be on good terms with Russell even as late as August 2011, when Kendall stated in an interview that the group were still actively awaiting his return to the stage, further indicating that Russell was not only supportive of the current situation, but even checking in with Ilous on occasion to give

30800-412: Was used as a restaurant called Julio's. No occupants were in the building during the 1972 fire, but the interior was significantly damaged. Another restaurant opened in the building in 1974. In 1985, it was converted to a pub, which closed sometime in the late 1980s, and a nightclub was opened in 1991. The nightclub was purchased by brothers Michael and Jeffrey Derderian in March 2000. In the months before

30976-417: Was used with considerable success by bands formed in previous decades. Among the first were ZZ Top, who mixed hard-edged blues rock with new wave music to produce a series of highly successful singles, beginning with " Gimme All Your Lovin' " (1983), which helped their albums Eliminator (1983) and Afterburner (1985) achieve diamond and multi-platinum status respectively. Others found renewed success in

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