37-487: The Second Shift: Working Parents and the Revolution at Home is a book by Arlie Russell Hochschild with Anne Machung , first published in 1989. It was reissued in 2012 with updated data. In the text, Hochschild investigates and portrays the double burden experienced by late-20th-century employed mothers. Coined after Arlie Hochschild's 1989 book, the term "second shift" describes the labor performed at home in addition to
74-588: A Dark Time and Other Essays (2018) His King Leopold's Ghost: A Story of Greed, Terror, and Heroism in Colonial Africa (1998; new edition, 2006) is a history of the conquest of the Congo by King Léopold II of Belgium , and of the atrocities that were committed under Leopold's private rule of the colony, events that led to the twentieth century's first great international human rights campaign. The book reignited interest and inquiry into Leopold's colonial regime in
111-495: A couple's division of labor and their underlying "economy of gratitude." Who, she asks, is grateful to whom, and for what? In The Time Bind , Hochschild studied working parents at a Fortune 500 company dealing with an important contradiction. On one hand, nearly everyone she talked to told her that "my family comes first." However, when she asked informants "Where do you get help when you need it?" or "Where are you most rewarded for what you do, work or home?" for some 20 percent
148-547: A culture of workaholism ( The Time Bind ). She has also interviewed child and eldercare workers, internet-dating assistants, wedding planners ( The Outsourced Self ) and Filipina nannies who've left their children behind to care for those of American families ( Global Woman ). Her 2013 So How's the Family and Other Essays is a collection that includes essays on emotional labor—when do we enjoy it and when not?—empathy, and personal strategies for trying to have fun and “make meaning” in
185-596: A life with little family time. Her last two research projects have focused on the rise of the political right. Strangers in Their Own Land is based on five years of immersion research among Louisiana supporters of the Tea Party . Why, she asks, do residents of the nation's second poorest state vote for candidates who resist federal help? Why, in a highly polluted state, do voters prefer politicians reluctant to regulate polluting industries? Her search for answers led her to
222-490: A pattern as a global care chain . In other books, Hochschild applies her perspective on emotion to the American family. In The Second Shift , she argues that the family has been stuck in a "stalled revolution." Most mothers work for pay outside the home; that is the revolution. But the jobs they have and the men they come home to haven't changed as rapidly or deeply as she has; that is the stall. Hochschild traces links between
259-835: A white nationalist march was coming to town—a rehearsal, as it turned out, for the deadly Unite the Right march soon to take place in Charlottesville, Virginia. Once at the political center of the country, the district voted 80% for Donald Trump in both 2016 and 2020. Hochschild explores a people’s strong culture of pride and struggle with unwarranted shame, and finds in this a lens through which to see politics in America today, and in many other times and places. Hochschild proposes that human emotions—joy, sadness, anger, elation, jealousy, envy, despair—are partly social. Each culture, she argues, provides its members with prototypes of feeling which, like
296-461: A wife, a mother, a neighborhood mom)". The egalitarian female partner "wants to identify with the same spheres her husband does, and to have an equal amount of power in the marriage". The transitional woman falls in between, blending the traditional and egalitarian ideologies. Most of the chapters are dedicated to the routines of a different couple, delving into the apparent and unnoticed motivations behind their behaviors. Similar to earlier research that
333-579: Is also the author of a children's book titled Coleen The Question Girl, illustrated by Gail Ashby. Arlie Hochschild was born in Boston, Massachusetts, the daughter of Ruth Alene (Libbey) and Francis Henry Russell , a diplomat who served in Israel, New Zealand, Ghana, and Tunisia. In her 2016 book, Strangers in Their Own Land , Hochschild says that her first experiences reaching out and getting to know people different from her stem from her own childhood idea that she
370-406: Is cited in the book, The Second Shift found that women still take care of most of the household and child care responsibilities despite their entrance into the labor force. The "second shift" affected the couples, as they reported feelings of guilt and inadequacy, marital tension, and a lack of sexual interest and sleep. On the other hand, Hochschild shared the stories of a few men who equally shared
407-651: Is the author of ten books, including the forthcoming Stolen Pride: Loss, Shame, and the Rise of the Right (The New Press, September 10, 2024). Stolen Pride is a follow-up to her last book, Strangers in Their Own Land: Anger and Mourning on the American Right , a New York Times Bestseller and finalist for the National Book Award. Journalist Derek Thompson described it as "a Rosetta stone" for understanding
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#1732881102119444-544: The University of California, Santa Cruz from 1969 to 1971. Using in-depth interviews and observation, Hochschild's research has taken her into various social worlds. She has written about residents in a low-income housing project for the elderly ( The Unexpected Community ), flight attendants and bill collectors who perform "emotional labor" ( The Managed Heart ) , working parents struggling to divide housework and childcare ( The Second Shift ), corporate employees dealing with
481-579: The antislavery movement in Britain . The story of how abolitionists organized to change the opinions of and bring greater awareness to the British public about slavery has attracted attention from contemporary climate change activists, who see an analogy to their own work. In 2011, Hochschild published To End All Wars: A Story of Loyalty and Rebellion, 1914–1918 , which considers the First World War in terms of
518-536: The Arctic, interviewing gulag survivors, retired concentration camp guards, former members of the secret police and countless others about Joseph Stalin 's reign of terror in the country, during which hundreds of thousands of people died. Hochschild's Finding the Trapdoor: Essays, Portraits, Travels (1997) collects his personal essays and shorter pieces of reportage, as does a more recent collection, Lessons from
555-568: The Chains (2005), The Mirror at Midnight (1990), The Unquiet Ghost (1994), and Spain in Our Hearts (2016). Adam Hochschild was born in New York City . His father, Harold Hochschild , was of German Jewish descent; his mother, Mary Marquand Hochschild, was of English and Scottish descent and the daughter of pioneering art historian Allan Marquand , and an uncle by marriage, Boris Sergievsky,
592-609: The Congo, but was met by some hostility in Belgium. According to The Guardian ' review at the time of the book's first edition, the book "brought howls of rage from Belgium's ageing colonials and some professional historians even as it has climbed the country's best-seller lists." Hochschild's Bury the Chains: Prophets and Rebels in the Fight to Free an Empire's Slaves (2005) is about
629-964: The Czech word "litost" refers to an indefinable longing, mixed with remorse and grief—a constellation of feelings with no equivalent in any other language. It is not that non-Czechs never feel litost, she notes; it is that they are not, in the same way, invited to lift out and affirm the feeling. We don't simply feel what we feel, Hochschild suggests. We "try to" feel the way we wish to or think we should feel based on socially derived feeling rules . And we do this through emotional labor . For example, in The Managed Heart , Hochschild writes of how flight attendants are trained to control passengers' feelings during times of turbulence and dangerous situations while suppressing their own fear or anxiety. Bill collectors, as well, are often trained to imagine debtors as lazy or dishonest, so they can feel suspicious and intimidating. As
666-624: The Graduate School of Journalism at the University of California, Berkeley , Hochschild has also been a Fulbright Lecturer in India, Regents' Lecturer at the University of California, Santa Cruz and Writer-in-Residence at the Department of History, University of Massachusetts, Amherst . He is married to sociologist Arlie Russell Hochschild . He lives in Berkeley, California . Hochschild's first book
703-521: The Philippines, Mexico or elsewhere in the global South, to take paid jobs caring for the young and elderly in families in the affluent North. Such jobs call on workers to manage grief and anguish vis-a-vis their own long-unseen children, spouses, and elderly parents, even as they try to feel—and genuinely do feel—warm attachment to the children and elders they daily care for in the North. Hochschild describes such
740-790: The Ulysses Medal from University College Dublin , Ireland (2015) and the Helmholtz Medal from the Berlin Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities in 2024. She was also inducted into the California Hall of Fame (2022). Adam Hochschild Adam Hochschild ( / ˈ h oʊ k ʃ ɪ l d / HOHK -shild ; born October 5, 1942) is an American author, journalist, historian and lecturer. His best-known works include King Leopold's Ghost (1998), To End All Wars: A Story of Loyalty and Rebellion, 1914–1918 (2011), Bury
777-544: The Way Home: A Memoir of Father and Son and Finding the Trapdoor: Essays, Portraits, Travels. He later was part of the movement against the Vietnam War , and, after several years as a daily newspaper reporter, worked as a writer and editor for the left-wing Ramparts magazine. In 1976, he was a co-founder of Mother Jones . Much of his writing has been about issues of human rights and social justice. A longtime lecturer at
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#1732881102119814-497: The answer was "at work." For them, "family becomes like work and work takes on the feel and tone of the family." In an interview with the Journal of Consumer Culture , Hochschild describes how capitalism plays a role in one's "imaginary self"—the self we would be if only we had time. In her earlier work, Hochschild critiqued the disengagement theory of aging. According to that theory, inevitably and universally, through disengagement,
851-462: The burden of domestic work and childcare with their wives, showing that while this scenario is uncommon, it is a reality for some couples. Hochschild's research also presented a clear division between the ideology preferences of the genders and social classes: the working class and men preferred the traditional idea; the middle class and women preferred the egalitarian one. Reviewing the book for The New York Times in 1989, Robert Kuttner wrote that
888-521: The concept of the "deep story.” The book was a National Book Award finalist, as well as one of the top ten best non-fiction books of the decade by the Boston Public Library. In her forthcoming Stolen Pride: Loss, Shame, and the Rise of the Right , she locates herself in the nation's whitest and second poorest congressional district, where she finds residents facing a “perfect storm.” Coal jobs had gone. A tragic drug crisis had arrived. And in 2017,
925-457: The different keys on a piano, attune us to different inner notes. She provides an example of the Tahitians, who have one word, "sick," for what in other cultures might correspond to envy, depression, grief, or sadness. Culture guides the act of recognizing a feeling by proposing what's possible for us to feel. In The Managed Heart , Hochschild cites the Czech novelist Milan Kundera , who writes that
962-485: The feeling rules they apply to life, and may even differ in the very experience of death. Hochschild has received honorary degrees from Harvard University (2021), the University of Lausanne , Switzerland (2018), Westminster College , Pennsylvania (2018), Mount St. Vincent University , Canada (2013), the University of Lapland , Finland (2012), Aalborg University , Denmark (2004), the University of Oslo , Norway (2000), and Swarthmore College (1993). She also received
999-535: The fuel for his military. Rebel Cinderella: From Rags to Riches to Radical, the Epic Journey of Rose Pastor Stokes , was published in 2020, and his latest, American Midnight: The Great War, a Violent Peace, and Democracy's Forgotten Crisis , in 2022. Hochschild's books have been translated into seventeen languages. Hochschild has also written for the New Yorker , Harper's Magazine , The Atlantic , Granta ,
1036-439: The individual experiences a social death before they experience physical death. But in the low-income housing project she studied for her PhD Dissertation and later published as The Unexpected Community, she discovered among the lively group of elderly residents a culture of continued engagement. When they died, it seemed, it was "with their boots on." Across the world, she suggests, individuals differ in their ideals of aging, in
1073-559: The number of service jobs grows, so too do different forms of emotional labor. In the era of COVID-19, she argues, many front-line workers do the emotional labor of suppressing heightened anxieties about their own health and that of their families while dealing with the fear, anxiety and sometimes hostility of the public. Emotional labor has gone global, she argues. In her essay, "Love and Gold," in Global Woman she describes immigrant care workers who leave their children and elderly back in
1110-554: The paid work performed in the formal sector. In The Second Shift , Hochschild and her research associates "interviewed fifty couples very intensively" and observed in a dozen homes throughout the 1970s and 1980s in an effort to explore the "leisure gap" between men and women. Through the depictions of couples' day-to-day practices, Hochschild derived three constructs in regard to marital roles that she observed during her research: transitional, traditional, and egalitarian. The traditional woman "wants to identify with her activities at home (as
1147-588: The prism of the nineteenth-century Battle of Blood River , which determined whether the Boers or the Zulus would control that part of the world, as well as looking at the contentious commemoration of the event by rival groups 150 years later, at the height of the apartheid era. In The Unquiet Ghost: Russians Remember Stalin (1994; new edition, 2003), Hochschild chronicles the six months he spent in Russia, traveling to Siberia and
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1184-457: The rise of Donald Trump. In these and other books, she continues the sociological tradition of C. Wright Mills by drawing links between private troubles and public issues. In drawing this link, she has tried to illuminate the ways we recognize, attend to, appraise, evoke, and suppress—that is to say, manage —emotion. She has applied this focus to the family, to work, and to political life. Her works have been translated into 17 languages. She
1221-542: The struggle between those who felt the war was a noble crusade and those who felt it was not worth the sacrifice of millions of lives. His 2016 Spain in Our Hearts: Americans in the Spanish Civil War, 1936–1939 follows a dozen characters through that conflict, among them volunteer soldiers and medical workers, journalists who covered the war, and a little-known American oilman who sold Francisco Franco most of
1258-485: The topic is "a standard feminist plaint", but commended the book for "the texture of the reporting and the subtlety of the insights". Arlie Russell Hochschild Arlie Russell Hochschild ( / ˈ h oʊ k ʃ ɪ l d / ; born January 15, 1940) is an American professor emeritus of sociology at the University of California, Berkeley and writer. Hochschild has long focused on the human emotions that underlie moral beliefs, practices, and social life generally. She
1295-587: Was "daddy's helper" - ( probably not an idea he shared, she later reflects). She married Adam Hochschild in 1965 and they have two sons, David and Gabriel. In 1964, she and Adam were civil rights workers in Vicksburg, Mississippi . Hochschild graduated from Swarthmore College in 1962 with a major in International Relations. She earned her MA (1965) and PhD (1969) from the University of California, Berkeley , whose faculty she joined after teaching at
1332-774: Was a World War I fighter pilot in the Imperial Russian Air Force. His German-born paternal grandfather Berthold Hochschild co-founded the mining firm American Metal Company . Hochschild graduated from Harvard in 1963 with a BA in History and Literature. As a college student, he spent a summer working on an anti-government newspaper in South Africa and subsequently worked briefly as a civil rights worker in Mississippi during 1964. Both were politically pivotal experiences about which he would eventually write in his books Half
1369-439: Was a memoir, Half the Way Home: A Memoir of Father and Son (1986), in which he described the difficult relationship he had with his father. In The New York Times , critic Michiko Kakutani called the book "an extraordinarily moving portrait of the complexities and confusions of familial love." In The Mirror at Midnight: A South African Journey (1990; new edition, 2007) he examines the tensions of modern South Africa through
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