70-409: The Photo Ark is a National Geographic project, led by photographer Joel Sartore , with the goal of photographing all species living in zoos and wildlife sanctuaries around the globe in order to inspire action to save wildlife. The project has been documented in a series of books and in a three-part documentary first shown on PBS and then released to home video . A selection of photographs from
140-603: A $ 4 million book selection budget at the Baltimore County Library System, edited Library Journal for four years prior to becoming editor-in-chief of Publishers Weekly in 1992, where he served until 2005. In 2005, the magazine came under the direction of a new editor-in-chief, veteran book reviewer Sara Nelson , known for publishing columns in the New York Post and The New York Observer . Nelson began to modernize Publishers Weekly with new features and
210-470: A February 2017 press release by National Geographic , one-half of Earth's animal species could go extinct by 2100. Since starting the project, Sartore says several species he photographed are now extinct. Sartore gained a love of nature while growing up in Nebraska. He was amazed by the idea of species going extinct, and thought that he would never see such occur in his lifetime. However, now he believes that in
280-444: A Magazine has been determined upon as one means accomplishing these purposes. It was initially a scholarly journal sent to 165 charter members; in 2010, it reached the hands of 40 million people each month. Starting with its January 1905 publication of several full-page pictures of Tibet in 1900–01, the magazine began to transition from being a text-oriented publication to featuring extensive pictorial content. By 1908 more than half of
350-632: A balanced view of the physical and human geography of countries beyond the Iron Curtain . The magazine printed articles on Berlin, de-occupied Austria , the Soviet Union , and Communist China that deliberately downplayed politics to focus on culture. In its coverage of the Space Race , National Geographic focused on the scientific achievement while largely avoiding reference to the race's connection to nuclear arms buildup. There were also many articles in
420-517: A book's sales success. Genevieve Stuttaford, who greatly expanded the number of reviews during her tenure as the nonfiction "Forecasts" editor, joined the PW staff in 1975. Previously, she was a Saturday Review associate editor, reviewer for Kirkus Reviews and for 12 years on the staff of the San Francisco Chronicle . During the 23 years Stuttaford was with Publishers Weekly , book reviewing
490-682: A deal was announced for Disney to acquire 21st Century Fox , including the controlling interest in National Geographic Partners. The acquisition was completed in March 2019. NG Media publishing unit was operationally transferred into Disney Publishing Worldwide . In September 2022, the magazine laid off six of its top editors. In June 2023, the magazine laid off all of its staff writers , shifting to an entirely freelance-based writing model, and announced that beginning in 2024 it would no longer offer newsstand purchases. The magazine had
560-517: A field or forest into the next mall or housing development." In reality, the 12,000th species was added to the Ark in November 2021, and a new goal of photographing 15,000 species was set. National Geographic National Geographic (formerly The National Geographic Magazine , sometimes branded as Nat Geo ) is an American monthly magazine published by National Geographic Partners . The magazine
630-552: A former publisher of the magazine, purchased Publishers Weekly from Reed Business Information, under the company PWxyz, LLC. Cevin Bryerman remained as publisher along with co-editors Jim Milliot and Michael Coffey. On September 22, 2011, PW began a series of weekly podcasts: "Beyond the Book: PW's Week Ahead". In 2019, The Millions was acquired by PWxyz. PW maintains an online archive of past book reviews from January 1991 to
700-722: A local-language logo; the other one is the Persian version published under the name Gita Nama . Following the Russian invasion of Ukraine , the Russian version of National Geographic was discontinued effective April 2022. Its publication team then launched the Russian Traveler , which is not associated with the National Geographic brand. In the United States, National Geographic
770-429: A makeover by illustrator and graphic designer Jean-Claude Suares . The switch to a simple abbreviated logo of initials effectively changed the name of the magazine to PW , the name long used for the magazine within the book industry. She also introduced the magazine's short-lived Quill Awards , with nominees in 19 categories selected by a nominating board of 6,000 booksellers and librarians. Winners were determined by
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#1733093688506840-413: A new direction. In January 2009, Sara Nelson was dismissed along with executive editor Daisy Maryles, who had been with PW for more than four decades. Stepping in as editorial director was Brian Kenney, editorial director of School Library Journal and Library Journal . The dismissals, which sent shockwaves through the industry, were widely covered in newspapers. In April 2010, George W. Slowik Jr.,
910-563: A photograph presented as a portrait of a dog with fighter jets flying over its shoulder. Lascelles had in reality created the image using photo editing software. After the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation in 2014, National Geographic published maps with the Crimean peninsula marked as " contested ", contrary to international norms. In March 2018, the editor of National Geographic , Susan Goldberg , said that historically
980-570: A single "editor" from 1888 to 1920. From 1920 to 1967, the chief editorship was held by the president of the National Geographic Society . Since 1967, the magazine has been overseen by its own "editor" and/or "editor-in-chief". The list of editors-in-chief includes three generations of the Grosvenor family between 1903 and 1980. During the Cold War , the magazine committed itself to present
1050-401: A still image. In 1915, GHG began building the group of staff photographers and providing them with advanced tools including the latest darkroom. The magazine began to feature some pages of color photography in the early 1930s, when this technology was still in its early development. During the mid-1930s, Luis Marden (1913–2003), a writer and photographer for National Geographic , convinced
1120-422: A thick square-bound glossy format with a yellow rectangular border. Map supplements from National Geographic Maps are included with subscriptions, and it is available in a traditional printed edition and an interactive online edition. As of 1995 , the magazine was circulated worldwide in nearly forty local-language editions and had a global circulation of at least 6.5 million per month including 3.5 million within
1190-471: A three-part film, Rare: Creatures of The Photo Ark , which documented highlights of the project. Rare was later released for purchase in both Blu-ray and DVD format, and was also made available on Amazon Prime . As of February 2018, a second season was being discussed with National Geographic . In a February 2018 interview, Rare director Chun-Wei Yi said that he met Sartore at National Geographic Television & Film, in 2006 or 2007, soon after he started
1260-454: Is an American weekly trade news magazine targeted at publishers , librarians , booksellers , and literary agents . Published continuously since 1872, it has carried the tagline, "The International News Magazine of Book Publishing and Bookselling". With 51 issues a year, the emphasis today is on book reviews . The magazine was founded by bibliographer Frederick Leypoldt in the late 1860s, and had various titles until Leypoldt settled on
1330-681: Is available only to subscribers beginning with the January 2024 issue. For the first 110 years of the magazine's existence, membership in the National Geographic Society was the only way to receive it. Newsstand sales, which began in 1998, ceased in 2023, following a year of layoffs and a shift in focus to digital formats amid the decline of the print media industry. Worldwide editions are sold on newsstands in addition to regular subscriptions. In several countries, such as Hungary, Slovenia, Croatia, Turkey and Ukraine, National Geographic paved
1400-429: Is not unusual for the review section to run as long as 40 pages, filling the second half of the magazine. In the past, a book review editorial staff of eight editors assigned books to more than 100 freelance reviewers. Some are published authors, and others are experts in specific genres or subjects. Although it might take a week or more to read and analyze some books, reviewers were paid $ 45 per review until June 2008, when
1470-442: Is sometimes repeated on the contents page. The Nelson years were marked by turbulence within the industry as well as a continuing trend away from serious writing and towards pop culture . Publishers Weekly has enjoyed a near monopoly over the past decades, but now with vigorous competition from Internet sites, e-mail newsletters, and daily newspapers. In 2008, faced with a decline in advertising support, Reed's management sought
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#17330936885061540-478: Is to photograph animals before they go extinct, but surmises that he may run out of time for many species. "It has taken 10 years so far to photograph about 6,500 of the estimated 12,000 species he wants to record. Sartore estimates it will take him 15 more years to finish... The first batch appears in The Photo Ark , and its assortment of creatures is fascinating... [The book] will change the way you think of turning
1610-607: The Library Journal -related titles, were owned by founding publisher R. R. Bowker. When Reed Publishing purchased Bowker from Xerox in 1985, it placed Publishers Weekly under the management of its Boston-based Cahners Publishing Company, the trade publishing empire founded by Norman Cahners, which Reed Publishing had purchased in 1977. The merger of Reed with the Netherlands -based Elsevier in 1993 led to many Cahners cutbacks amid takeover turmoil. Nora Rawlinson, who once headed
1680-665: The Boy Scouts of America , and Anne Carroll Moore , a librarian at the New York Public Library , to create Children's Book Week . When Bowker died in 1933, Melcher succeeded him as president of the company; he resigned in 1959 to become chairman of the board of directors. In 1943, Publishers Weekly created the Carey–Thomas Award for creative publishing, naming it in honor of Mathew Carey and Isaiah Thomas . For most of its history, Publishers Weekly, along with
1750-535: The Pushcart Press . Formerly of InStyle magazine, novelist Louisa Ermelino took the reins of the PW review section in 2005. Under her watch, the number of reviews grew once again, to nearly 9,000 per year from 6,500. In a sea change for the magazine, Ermelino oversaw the integration of self-published book reviews into the main review section of the magazine. Review editors vet and assign self-published books for review, which reviews are then published alongside
1820-528: The 11 years he has worked on the Photo Ark project, he has seen 10 go extinct. In a March 2018 interview, Sartore said that he went to the Omaha zoo regularly as a child, getting to know the various animals. He says that his parents "made sure he was out in nature and appreciated it", which he says made all the difference. In a February 2018 interview, Sartore said that he began the Ark project about 12 years ago when he
1890-474: The 1930s, 1940s and 1950s about the individual states and their resources, along with supplementary maps of each state. Many of these articles were written by longtime staff such as Frederick Simpich . After 21st Century Fox acquired controlling interest in the magazine, articles became outspoken on topics such as environmental issues , deforestation , chemical pollution , global warming , and endangered species . Series of articles were included focusing on
1960-421: The 2020 Webby Award for News & Magazines in the category Apps, Mobile & Voice. National Geographic won the 2020 Webby Award and Webby People's Voice Award for Magazine in the category Web. On the magazine's February 1982 cover, the pyramids of Giza were altered, resulting in the first major scandal of the digital photography age and contributing to photography's "waning credibility". The cover of
2030-521: The 20th century and through the present day. It currently offers prepublication reviews of 9,000 new trade books each year, in a comprehensive range of genres and including audiobooks and ebooks , with a digitized archive of 200,000 reviews. Reviews appear two to four months prior to the publication date of a book, and until 2014, when PW launched BookLife.com, a website for self-published books, books already in print were seldom reviewed. These anonymous reviews are short, averaging 200–250 words, and it
2100-671: The Cartographic Division) became a division of the National Geographic Society in 1915. The first supplement map, which appeared in the May 1918 issue of the magazine, titled The Western Theatre of War , served as a reference for overseas military personnel and soldiers' families alike. On some occasions, the Society's map archives have been used by the United States government in instances where its own cartographic resources were limited. President Franklin D. Roosevelt 's White House map room
2170-602: The Magazine of the Year Award. In April 2014, National Geographic received the National Magazine Award ("Ellie") for best tablet edition for its multimedia presentation of Robert Draper's story "The Last Chase", about the final days of a tornado researcher who was killed in the line of duty. In February 2017, National Geographic received the National Magazine Award ("Ellie") for best website. National Geographic won
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2240-648: The National Geographic website. In April 1995, National Geographic began publishing in Japanese, its first local language edition. The magazine is currently published in 29 local editions around the world. The following local-language editions have been discontinued. In association with Trends Publications in Beijing and IDG Asia, National Geographic has been authorized for "copyright cooperation" in China to publish
2310-556: The October 1988 issue featured a photo of a large ivory portrait of a male, whose authenticity, particularly the alleged ice age provenance, has been questioned. In 1999, the magazine was embroiled in the Archaeoraptor scandal, in which it purported to have a fossil linking birds to dinosaurs. The fossil was a forgery. In 2010, the magazine's Your Shot competition was awarded to American filmmaker and photographer William Lascelles for
2380-450: The Photo Ark. In the course of making the series, Sartore photographed his 5,000th species. In February 2019, it was announced that National Geographic and WGBH-Boston had joined forces to produce a "two-hour event special" about The Photo Ark , which would air on October 17, 2020. To spread awareness of this project, a selection of photographs from The Photo Ark has been exhibited in various museums, zoos, and exhibition halls around
2450-486: The U.S., down from about 12 million in the late 1980s. As of 2015 , the magazine had won 25 National Magazine Awards . In 2023, National Geographic laid off all staff writers and announced they would stop U.S. newsstand sales in the next year. As of November 2024 , its Instagram page has 280 million followers, the third most of any account not belonging to an individual celebrity. The magazine's combined U.S. and international circulation as of June 30, 2024
2520-463: The United States, and millions more outside of the U.S. In the late 1990s, the magazine began publishing The Complete National Geographic , an electronic collection of every past issue of the magazine. It was then sued over copyright of the magazine as a collective work in Greenberg v. National Geographic and other cases, and temporarily withdrew the compilation. The magazine eventually prevailed in
2590-413: The cover, while keeping its yellow border, shed its oak leaf trim and bare table of contents, to allow for a full-page photograph taken for one of the month's articles. Issues of National Geographic are often kept by subscribers for years and re-sold at thrift stores as collectibles. The standard for photography has remained high over the subsequent decades and the magazine is still illustrated with some of
2660-424: The creation, production, marketing and sale of the written word in book, audio, video and electronic formats. The magazine increases the page count considerably for four annual special issues: Spring Adult Announcements, Fall Adult Announcements, Spring Children's Announcements, and Fall Children's Announcements. The book review section of Publishers Weekly was added in the early 1940s and grew in importance during
2730-517: The dispute, and in July 2009 resumed publishing all past issues through December 2008. More recent issues were later added to the collection; the archive and electronic edition of the magazine are available online to the magazine's subscribers. In September 2015, the National Geographic Society moved the magazine to a new owner, National Geographic Partners, giving 21st Century Fox a 73% controlling interest in exchange for $ 725 million. In December 2017,
2800-401: The extinction crisis". So he realized that maybe "very simple portraits lit exquisitely so you can see the beauty and the color, looking animals directly in the eye with no distractions, would be the way to do it." National Geographic reported on the project's status during significant milestones: The project has been documented in a series of books: Beginning in July 2017, PBS broadcast
2870-462: The goal of inspiring action through education, and to help save wildlife by supporting conservation efforts. It is a multiyear effort which originally intended to document 12,000 species living in zoos and wildlife sanctuaries . In November 2021, the 12,000th species was photographed by Sartore who was 59 at the time, and the new goal was announced as being 15,000 species, which Sartore anticipated would take him another 10 to 15 years. According to
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2940-408: The highest-quality photojournalism in the world. In 2006, National Geographic began an international photography competition, with over eighteen countries participating. A map is the greatest of all epic poems. Its lines and colors show the realization of great dreams. Supplementing the articles, the magazine sometimes provides maps of the regions visited. National Geographic Maps (originally
3010-417: The history and varied uses of specific products such as a single metal, gem, food crop, or agricultural product, or an archaeological discovery. Occasionally an entire month's issue would be devoted to a single country, past civilization, a natural resource whose future is endangered, or other themes. In recent decades, the National Geographic Society has unveiled other magazines with different focuses. Whereas
3080-917: The lists in The Bookman . These were not separated into fiction and non-fiction until 1917, when World War I brought an increased interest in non-fiction by the reading public. For much of the twentieth century, Publishers Weekly was guided and developed by Frederic Gershom Melcher (1879–1963), who was editor and co-editor of Publishers' Weekly and chairman of the magazine's publisher, R. R. Bowker , over four decades. Born April 12, 1879, in Malden , Massachusetts, Melcher began at age 16 in Boston 's Estes & Lauriat Bookstore, where he developed an interest in children's books. He moved to Indianapolis in 1913 for another bookstore job. In 1918, he read in Publishers' Weekly that
3150-400: The magazine became outspoken on environmental issues . Until 2015, the magazine was completely owned and managed by the National Geographic Society . Since 2015, controlling interest has been held by National Geographic Partners. Topics of features generally concern geography , history , nature , science , and world culture . The magazine is well known for its distinctive appearance:
3220-429: The magazine featured lengthy expositions in the past, recent issues have included shorter articles. In addition to being well known for articles about scenery, history, and the most distant corners of the world, the magazine has been recognized for its book-like quality and the high standard of its photography. It was during the tenure of Society President Alexander Graham Bell and editor Gilbert H. Grosvenor (GHG) that
3290-475: The magazine has won a total of 24 National Magazine Awards. In May 2006, 2007, and 2011, National Geographic magazine won the American Society of Magazine Editors ' General Excellence Award in the over two million circulation category. In 2010, National Geographic Magazine received the top ASME awards for photojournalism and essay. In 2011, National Geographic Magazine received the top-award from ASME –
3360-438: The magazine introduced a reduction in payment to $ 25 a review. In a further policy change that month, reviewers received credit as contributors in issues carrying their reviews. Currently, there are nine reviews editors listed in the masthead. Now titled "Reviews", the review section began life as "Forecasts". For several years, that title was taken literally; reviews were followed with italicized comments that attempted to predict
3430-460: The magazine to allow its photographers to use the so-called "miniature" 35 mm Leica cameras loaded with Kodachrome film over bulkier cameras with heavy glass plates that required the use of tripods . In 1959, the magazine started publishing small photographs on its covers, later becoming larger photographs. National Geographic photography quickly shifted to digital photography for both its printed magazine and its website. In subsequent years,
3500-490: The magazine's coverage of people around the world had been racist . Goldberg stated that the magazine ignored non-white Americans and showed different groups as exotic, thereby promoting racial clichés. This is a list of National Geographic milestones featuring turning points in the magazine's history including writing and photography assignments, design aspects, cartography and sponsored expeditions . Publishers Weekly Publishers Weekly ( PW )
3570-400: The magazine's editorship was vacant. He applied to Richard Rogers Bowker for the job, was hired, and moved with his family to Montclair , New Jersey. He remained with R. R. Bowker for 45 years. While at Publishers Weekly , Melcher began creating space in the publication and a number of issues dedicated solely to books for children. In 1919, he teamed with Franklin K. Mathiews, librarian for
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#17330936885063640-419: The magazine's pages were photographs. The June 1985 cover portrait of a 12-year-old Afghan girl Sharbat Gula , shot by photographer Steve McCurry , became one of the magazine's most recognizable images. National Geographic Kids , the children's version of the magazine, was launched in 1975 under the name National Geographic World . At its peak in the late 1980s, the magazine had 12 million subscribers in
3710-557: The name The Publishers' Weekly (with an apostrophe) in 1872. The publication was a compilation of information about newly published books, collected from publishers and from other sources by Leypoldt, for an audience of booksellers. By 1876, The Publishers' Weekly was being read by nine tenths of the booksellers in the country. In 1878, Leypoldt sold The Publishers' Weekly to his friend Richard Rogers Bowker , in order to free up time for his other bibliographic endeavors. Augusta Garrigue Leypoldt, wife of Frederick Leypoldt, stayed with
3780-537: The political spectrum, from Harrison Ford to hunters." In March 2017, Publishers Weekly reviewed The Photo Ark , commenting that the photos use black-and-white backgrounds to highlight the animals, and snapshots of the photographing process are included as well. The article says that "Sartore more than succeeds in his goal to provide people with an opportunity to become aware of these animals, many endangered, before they disappear." In July 2017, The National Press Photographers Association reported that Sartore's goal
3850-478: The practice of boxed reviews, a precursor to the PW "signature reviews," boxed reviews that are attributed to the reviewer. The "Best Books" lists were also Steinberg's brainchild, and these lists are still published annually, usually in November ahead of "Best Books" lists from The New York Times and other prominent review venues. Steinberg edited the magazine's author interviews, and beginning in 1992 put together four anthologies of them in book form, published by
3920-753: The present. The earliest articles posted in PW ' s online archive date back to November 1995. A redesigned website was unveiled on May 10, 2010. In 2008, the magazine's circulation was 25,000. In 2004, the breakdown of those 25,000 readers was given as 6000 publishers; 5500 public libraries and public library systems; 3800 booksellers; 1600 authors and writers; 1500 college and university libraries; 950 print, film and broad media; and 750 literary and rights agents, among others. Subject areas covered by Publishers Weekly include publishing, bookselling, marketing, merchandising and trade news, along with author interviews and regular columns on rights, people in publishing, and bestsellers. It attempts to serve all involved in
3990-492: The project has been exhibited in various museums, zoos, and exhibition halls around the world. The documentary, RARE: Creatures of The Photo Ark , was awarded the Best Conservation Film award in 2018. The Photo Ark was featured on American television program 60 Minutes , with the episode first airing on October 14, 2018. The Photo Ark project, led by Joel Sartore in association with National Geographic , has
4060-410: The publication for thirty years. The publication eventually expanded to include features and articles. Harry Thurston Peck was the first editor-in-chief of The Bookman , which began in 1895. Peck worked on its staff from 1895 to 1906, and in 1895, he created the world's first bestseller list for its pages. In 1912, Publishers Weekly began to publish its own bestseller lists , patterned after
4130-586: The reading public, who could vote at kiosks in Borders stores or online at the Quills site. Reed Business dropped the Quill Awards in 2008. Since 1872, the front covers of Publishers Weekly were used to display advertisements by book publishers. PW editorial covers now feature illustrations and author photographs tied to interior articles, these covers follow the front cover advertisement. The visual motif of each cover
4200-424: The review and to the influence of the magazine in predicting a book's popularity and salability. Sybil Steinberg came to Publishers Weekly in the mid-1970s and served as a reviews editor for 30 years, taking over after Barbara Bannon retired. Under Steinberg, PW instituted the starred review, a first in the industry, to indicate books of exceptional merit. She also called out particular books of merit by starting
4270-406: The reviews of traditionally published books each week in the magazine. Publishers Weekly does not charge for self-published book reviews, bucking a trend within the industry led by Kirkus Reviews and Foreword ' s Clarion fee-for-review service, both of which offer independent book reviews in exchange for fees in the hundreds of dollars. Publishers Weekly does syndicate its reviews to
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#17330936885064340-463: The significance of illustration was first emphasized, in spite of criticism from some of the Board of Managers who considered the many illustrations an indicator of an "unscientific" conception of geography. By 1910, photographs had become the magazine's trademark and Grosvenor was constantly on the search for "dynamical pictures" as Graham Bell called them, particularly those that provided a sense of motion in
4410-560: The way for a subscription model in addition to traditional newsstand sales. On May 1, 2008, National Geographic won three National Magazine Awards —an award solely for its written content—in the reporting category for an article by Peter Hessler on the Chinese economy ; an award in the photojournalism category for work by John Stanmeyer on malaria in the Third World ; and a prestigious award for general excellence. Between 1980 and 2011,
4480-627: The world, including the following locations: In February 2018, RARE: Creatures of The Photo Ark was awarded Best Conservation Film at the New York WILD Film Festival , held at The Explorers Club in Manhattan. Mike Norton, executive vice president of Norton Outdoor Advertising wrote in Billboard Insider that "In this era of division and hyper-partisanship, Photo Ark is a uniting cause. Photo Ark has earned support and respect across
4550-485: The yellow-border magazine, which launched with the July 2007 issue of the magazine with an event in Beijing on July 10, 2007, and another event on December 6, 2007, in Beijing also celebrating the 29th anniversary of normalization of U.S.–China relations featuring former President Jimmy Carter . The mainland China version is one of the two local-language editions that bump the National Geographic logo off its header in favor of
4620-486: Was about 1.65 million, with its kids magazines separately achieving a circulation of about 500,000. The first issue of the National Geographic Magazine was published on September 22, 1888, nine months after the Society was founded. In the first issue, Gardiner Greene Hubbard writes, The "National Geographic Society" has been organized to "increase and defuse geographic knowledge", and the publication of
4690-418: Was caring for his three young children while his wife was being treated for cancer, leading Sartore to consider his own future. "That's how the Ark got started, and I've been going at it ever since." In an April 2018 interview, Sartore said he had been a National Geographic photographer for over 27 years, and although he worked for 15 years doing various conservation stories, the impact was not enough to "stop
4760-632: Was filled with National Geographic maps. A National Geographic map of Europe is featured in the displays of the Winston Churchill museum in London showing Churchill's markings at the Yalta Conference where the Allied leaders divided post-war Europe. In 2001, National Geographic released an eight- CD-ROM set containing all its maps from 1888 to December 2000. Printed versions are also available from
4830-417: Was founded in 1888 as a scholarly journal, nine months after the establishment of the society, but is now a popular magazine. In 1905, it began including pictures, a style for which it became well-known. Its first color photos appeared in the 1910s. During the Cold War , the magazine committed itself to present a balanced view of the physical and human geography of countries beyond the Iron Curtain . Later,
4900-504: Was increased from an average of 3,800 titles a year in the 1970s to well over 6,500 titles in 1997. She retired in 1998. Several notable PW editors stand out for making their mark on the magazine. Barbara Bannon was the head fiction reviewer during the 1970s and early 1980s, becoming the magazine's executive editor during that time and retiring in 1983. She was, notably, the first reviewer to insist that her name be appended to any blurb of her reviews, thus drawing attention to herself, to
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