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85-399: The Moving Target introduces the detective Lew Archer , who was eventually to figure in a further seventeen novels. Up to this point Macdonald had been writing under the name Kenneth Millar, but adopted the pseudonym John Macdonald for this one. His first drafts were begun in 1947, using the working title of The Snatch ; its style was meant to be a refinement on hardboiled fiction, featuring

170-533: A New York Times article, "some critics ranked him [Macdonald] among the best American novelists of his generation". William Goldman of the newspaper's Book Review section wrote that the Archer books were "the finest series of detective novels ever written by an American". Over his career, Macdonald was presented with several awards, primarily for his Lew Archer series. In 1964, the Mystery Writers of America awarded

255-501: A Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Limited or Anthology Series or Movie . In keeping with his strong interest in car racing, he provided the voice of Doc Hudson , a retired anthropomorphic race car, in Cars (2006). This was his final role in a major feature film, as well as his only animated film role. Almost nine years after his death, he received billing as Doc Hudson in Cars 3 (2017), his appearance made through

340-511: A Tony Award for Best Actor in a Play nomination for his performance. PBS and the cable network Showtime aired a taping of the production, and Newman was nominated for an Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Miniseries or TV Movie. Newman's last live-action movie appearance was as a conflicted mob boss in the Sam Mendes directed film Road to Perdition (2002) opposite Tom Hanks , Jude Law , and Stanley Tucci . For his performance he

425-413: A screen test with James Dean , directed by Gjon Mili , for East of Eden (1955). Newman was tested for the role of Aron Trask, Dean for the role of Aron's twin brother Cal. Dean won his part, but Newman lost out to Richard Davalos . That same year, as a last-minute replacement for Dean, he co-starred with Eva Marie Saint and Frank Sinatra in a live, color television broadcast of Our Town which

510-528: A Hot Tin Roof opposite Elizabeth Taylor . The film was a box-office smash, and Newman garnered his first Academy Award nomination. Also in 1958, Newman starred in The Long, Hot Summer with his future wife Joanne Woodward , with whom he reconnected on the set in 1957 (they had first met in 1953). He won Best Actor at the 1958 Cannes Film Festival for this film. He and Woodward also appeared on screen earlier in 1958 in

595-581: A challenge". When he applied to Kenyon College after the Navy he gave his religion as " Christian Scientist ," but apart from that he did not deny that he was Jewish. He recounted in his posthumous memoirs having a "strong sense of otherness" as a youth because he was half-Jewish. His heritage "got in the way of my sitting at the 'A' table, which was important to me," but he received no instruction on his Jewish heritage. He only knew that "if you were Jewish, some avenues were shut to you," and that "hurt me and my brother

680-729: A child and at age 10 performed in a stage production of Saint George and the Dragon at the Cleveland Play House . He received his Bachelor of Arts degree in drama and economics from Kenyon College in 1949. After touring with several summer stock companies including the Belfry Players , Newman attended the Yale School of Drama for a year before studying at the Actors Studio under Lee Strasberg . His first starring Broadway role

765-401: A cycle of five films over six years, and together they have something to say about the current status of heroism". In 1968, Newman directed Rachel, Rachel starring Woodward and based on Margaret Laurence 's A Jest of God. According to Woodward, Newman didn't like the book and had no intention of directing the film. He changed his mind when Woodward couldn't find any other director. To do

850-592: A decade long absence, and his first time as the lead of a program. During post-production, Winters said that Newman, who liked what he saw, gave him the idea to add some footage to sell it as a theatrical film worldwide. Upon its release, the documentary generally received good reviews for its directing, pace, photography, music, and human interest stories. In 1972, Newman's vehicles produced by First Artists included Pocket Money and The Life and Times of Judge Roy Bean . Also that year, Newman directed The Effect of Gamma Rays on Man-in-the-Moon Marigolds ,

935-453: A dock on the coast and is drowned in a fight while Archer returns to the villa. There he learns from Graves that the dead kidnapper was Betty Fraley's brother, Eddie; Taggert is revealed to be Betty's lover and complicit in Sampson's kidnapping. When Taggert tries to shoot Archer, he is shot instead by Graves. Archer tracks down Eddie's sister, who is being tortured by Troy to reveal where Sampson

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1020-458: A great deal." Newman deflected the pain with humor, sometimes doing Yiddish voices "for laughs." He was excluded from a high school fraternity because he was Jewish, and got into a "bloody fight" in the Navy because a sailor used an anti-Semitic slur. A family friend recounted that the "stigma" of being Jewish was strong in Shaker Heights at the time. "Paul didn't seem Jewish at all, but he paid

1105-533: A hamburger when you have steak at home?" He also said that he never met anyone who had as much to lose as he did. In his profile on 60 Minutes , he admitted he once left Woodward after a fight, walked around the outside of the house, knocked on the front door and explained to Joanne he had nowhere to go. Newman directed Nell alongside her mother in the films Rachel, Rachel and The Effect of Gamma Rays on Man-in-the-Moon Marigolds . Newman and Woodward also acted as mentors to Allison Janney . They met her while she

1190-509: A moving target in the road." For the book, Macdonald created the fictional city of Santa Teresa, a version of Santa Barbara, California . The city is portrayed as divided between a rich class corrupted by easy living who live in the canyons above it and a poor underclass, many of them non-white. Anthony Boucher greeted the novel enthusiastically in The New York Times Book Review : "Human compassion and literary skill returns

1275-542: A percentage of the profits. The film was awarded Best Picture at the Academy Awards. In 1974, Newman co-starred with Steve McQueen in John Guillermin 's disaster film The Towering Inferno . Newman plays an architect stuck in a skyscraper he designed that catches fire. Newman was paid $ 1,000,000 plus a percentage of the gross, and he insisted he do his own stunts. The film was a success and its North American gross

1360-468: A pilot requires." A subsequent test found that he was not colorblind. Boot camp followed, with training as a radioman and rear gunner. He performed poorly as a gunner, and a friend from the service recounted in Newman's posthumous memoir that his friends lied to Navy trainers so he could pass. Qualifying in torpedo bombers in 1944, Aviation Radioman Third Class Newman was sent to Barbers Point, Hawaii . He

1445-534: A sheriff mocks his 6'2" and blue eyes. As old failures plague him, we learn he once "took the strap away from my old man", that he was a troubled kid and petty thief redeemed by an old cop, that he sometimes drank too much, that his ex-wife's name is Sue, and he thinks of her often. During World War II , he served in military intelligence in the United States Army , again mentioned in The Doomsters . Archer

1530-656: A sporting goods store. His father was Jewish , the son of Simon Newman and Hannah Cohn, Hungarian Jewish and Polish Jewish emigrants, from Hungary and Congress Poland , respectively. Paul's mother was a practitioner of Christian Science . She was born to a Roman Catholic family in Peticse , Zemplén county , in the Kingdom of Hungary , Austro-Hungarian Empire (modern Ptičie , Slovakia ). Newman's mother worked in his father's store, while raising Paul and his elder brother, Arthur. Newman showed an early interest in

1615-478: A successor to Philip Marlowe . Macdonald's publisher was dissatisfied with the quality of the writing when it was first submitted and only accepted it after considerable revisions and a change of title. The new title derived from a conversation that Archer has in the novel with a young woman who describes the craving for excitement and risk-taking of her post-war generation as being like driving fast in hope of meeting "something utterly new. Something naked and bright,

1700-408: A thug called Puddler and he is only saved from a bad beating by Taggert, who is also there on Sampson's trail. The following day Archer discovers that The Wild Piano's owner is Troy, who appears to be a crook down on his luck. He then drives to the Sampson home, where a letter has been received that makes it seem that Sampson has been kidnapped. Among other things that emerge about Sampson is that Troy

1785-467: Is a documentary filmmaker and philanthropist, and has Broadway and screen credits, including a starring role as one of four Beatles fans in I Wanna Hold Your Hand (1978), and also a small role opposite her father in Slap Shot . She also received an Emmy nomination as co-producer of his telefilm, The Shadow Box . Newman met actress Joanne Woodward in 1953, on the production of Picnic on Broadway. It

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1870-515: Is a private detective working in Southern California . Between the late 1940s and the early '70s, the character appeared in 18 novels and a handful of shorter works as well as several film and television adaptations. Macdonald's Archer novels have been praised for building on the foundations of hardboiled fiction by introducing more literary themes and psychological depth to the genre. Critic John Leonard declared that Macdonald had surpassed

1955-405: Is a whole different thing. There are so many variable, the skill demanded is tremendous." Bob Bondurant , Newman's driving instructor who appears in the film, explained that Once Upon a Wheel was a passion project for Newman "because he wanted to learn how to drive", and that he refused projects that would have paid him a much larger salary. The project marked Newman's return to television after

2040-406: Is being held captive. Archer rescues her but is knocked unconscious from behind when he gets to the place. Graves arrives half an hour later to bring him round and they discover Sampson's body, strangled but still warm. On the drive back Archer accuses Graves of the murder. He had just married Miranda, who stood to inherit over a million dollars on her father’s death. Sickened at the realisation of how

2125-436: Is his business associate and that he gifted a mountain hunting lodge to a religious cult leader called Claude as a temple. After Archer and Miranda go to search this for some trace of Sampson, a ransom demand arrives at the villa. Graves and Taggert arrange to drop the money while Archer waits to follow the kidnapper's car. However, its driver is shot and the other members of the gang get away. While trying to find out more about

2210-583: Is largely a cipher, rarely described. His background is most thoroughly explored in The Moving Target : he got his training with the Long Beach California Police Department, but left (Archer himself says he was "fired") after witnessing too much corruption. Subsequent novels mentioned details of Archer's life only in passing. In Black Money (1966) Archer mentions that he's about 50 years old, thus born circa 1916. In The Doomsters

2295-472: Is sometimes depressed, often world-weary. An almost Greek sense of tragedy pervades the novels as the sins of omission and crimes of sometimes-wealthy parents are frequently visited upon their children, young adults whom Archer tries desperately to save from disaster. This use of Greek drama was deliberate, e.g., Macdonald based The Galton Case (1959) on a loose interpretation of the Oedipus myth. Key incidents in

2380-573: The Battle of Okinawa in the spring of 1945. The pilot of his aircraft had an earache and was grounded, as was his crew, including Newman. The rest of their squadron flew to the Bunker Hill . Days later, a kamikaze attack on the vessel killed several hundred crewmen and airmen, including other members of his unit. In a 2011 interview, screenwriter Stewart Stern recounted that Newman drew on an incident from his Navy years as an "emotional trigger to express

2465-592: The Belfry Players in Wisconsin and the Woodstock Players in Woodstock, Illinois . He toured with them for three months and developed his talents. He later attended the Yale School of Drama for one year, before moving to New York City to study under Lee Strasberg at the Actors Studio . Oscar Levant wrote that Newman initially was hesitant to leave New York for Hollywood, and that Newman had said, "Too close to

2550-641: The Evan S. Connell novel of the same name . In 1994, Newman played alongside Tim Robbins as the character Sidney J. Mussburger in the Coen brothers ' comedy The Hudsucker Proxy which received mixed reviews. Also that year, he acted in Robert Benton 's Nobody's Fool earning yet another nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actor . In 2003, Newman appeared in a Broadway revival of Wilder's Our Town , receiving

2635-574: The Martin Scorsese -directed film The Color of Money , for which he finally received the Academy Award for Best Actor . The film was a commercial success although it received mixed reviews. Newman starred alongside Tom Cruise , Mary Elizabeth Mastrantonio , and John Turturro . In mid-1987, Newman sued Universal Pictures for allegedly failing to properly account for revenues from video distribution of four of his films made for Universal, and Universal owed him at least $ 1 million participation for

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2720-702: The Playhouse 90 television play The 80 Yard Run . The couple would go on to make a total of 16 films together. In 1959, Newman starred in The Young Philadelphians , a film that co-starred Barbara Rush , Robert Vaughn and Alexis Smith , and was directed by Vincent Sherman . He also co-starred with Woodward in the film Rally Round the Flag, Boys! . In 1960, he starred in Exodus and co-starred with Woodward in From

2805-638: The SeriousFun Children's Network in 1988 and the Safe Water Network in 2006. Newman was married twice and fathered six children. He was the husband of the actress Joanne Woodward . Newman was born on January 26, 1925, in Cleveland Heights, Ohio , and raised in nearby Shaker Heights , the second son of Theresa Garth ( née Fetzer, Fetzko, or Fetsko; Slovak : Terézia Fecková ; 1894–1982) and Arthur Sigmund Newman, Sr. (1893–1950), who ran

2890-407: The 1930s. However, Macdonald eventually broke from that mold, though some similarities remain. Archer's principal difference is that he is much more openly sensitive and empathetic than the tough Marlowe. He also serves a different function from Marlowe. Chandler's books were primarily studies of Marlowe's character and code of honor, while Macdonald used Archer as a lens to explore the relationships of

2975-895: The Argentinian Film Festival, at the Academy Awards he was nominated. Stanley Kauffmann , writing for The New Republic , praised the principal cast, calling Newman "first-rate". Also that year, he co-starred with Woodward in Paris Blues . In 1963, he starred in Hud and co-starred with Woodward in A New Kind of Love . In 1966, he starred in Torn Curtain and Harper . In 1967, he starred in Martin Ritt 's Hombre . The film received many good reviews. Also that year, he starred in Stuart Rosenberg 's Cool Hand Luke . Newman

3060-639: The Sundance Kid (1969), The Sting (1973), The Towering Inferno (1974), Slap Shot (1977), and Fort Apache, The Bronx (1981). He also voiced Doc Hudson in Cars (2006). Newman won several national championships as a driver in Sports Car Club of America road racing. He co-founded Newman's Own , a food company which donated all post-tax profits and royalties to charity. As of May 2021, these donations totaled over US$ 570 million. Newman continued to found charitable organizations such as

3145-416: The Sundance Kid . Prior to even writing a script, scriptwriter William Goldman talked to Newman about his ideas on approaching the subject matter. Once a script was completed, actor Steve McQueen who read it called Newman suggesting that they star in it together. Newman, assuming he would play the character of Sundance, suggested that they jointly buy the intellectual property to which McQueen hesitated. It

3230-580: The Terrace . In 1961, he starred in Robert Rossen 's The Hustler . The film, which was based on a book of the same name by Walter Tevis , tells the story of small-time pool hustler "Fast Eddie" Felson (Newman), who challenges a legendary pool player ( Jackie Gleason ). The film was a critical and financial hit. In the best actor category Newman won the British Academy of Film and Television Arts and

3315-528: The West or featuring the West." The character has been adapted for visual media several times: Two feature films starring Paul Newman as "Lew Harper ": Random House Films made a deal in October 2011 to create a movie franchise of Ross Macdonald 's detective Lew Archer with Silver Pictures and Warner Bros. Rights holder Stephen White and Random House Studio president Peter Gethers would be executive producers on

3400-725: The actor would later acknowledge his disdain for it. In 1956, Newman garnered much attention and acclaim for the role of Rocky Graziano in Robert Wise 's biographical film Somebody Up There Likes Me . That year, he also played the lead in Arnold Laven 's The Rack . In 1957, Newman worked again with director Wise in Until They Sail . Also that year, he acted in Michael Curtiz 's The Helen Morgan Story . In 1958, he starred in Cat on

3485-923: The author the Silver Dagger award for The Chill . Ten years later, he received the Grand Master Award from the Mystery Writers of America, and in 1982 he received "The Eye", the Lifetime Achievement Shamus Award from the Private Eye Writers of America. In 1982, he was awarded the Robert Kirsch Award (the Los Angeles Times Book Prize ) by the Los Angeles Times for "an outstanding body of work by an author from

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3570-525: The cake. Also, no place to study." Newman arrived in New York City in 1951 with his first wife, Jackie Witte, taking up residence in the St. George section of Staten Island . He made his Broadway theatre debut in the original production of William Inge 's Picnic with Kim Stanley in 1953. While working on the production, he met Joanne Woodward , an understudy. The two married in 1958. He also appeared in

3655-469: The character's trauma" when acting in the 1956 film The Rack . He said that Newman thought back to an incident in which his best friend was sliced to pieces on an aircraft carrier by a plane's propeller. After the war, Newman completed his Bachelor of Arts in drama and economics at Kenyon College in Gambier, Ohio , in 1949. Shortly after earning his degree, he joined summer stock companies, including

3740-419: The classic Greek tragic play where everything takes place in one day; here it might be more than a day, but since the character doesn't get to sleep, it essentially honors the tragic convention and contributes to the sense of unalterable impending doom. Tom Nolan in his Ross Macdonald, A Biography, wrote of the author, "Gradually he swapped the hard-boiled trappings for more subjective themes: personal identity,

3825-429: The dead driver at a truck stop, a truck driven by Puddler draws up which Archer tails to Claude's mountain temple. Eventually it emerges that Sampson and Troy have been using it as a drop-off point to smuggle illegal Mexican immigrants over the border and then hire them out at low pay rates to local ranchers. Archer is captured there by Troy, who acts with surprise when he hears of the kidnap. Puddler drives him back down to

3910-510: The family lawyer, Bert Graves, an old friend of Archer's from before World War 2 . A lead takes him to Fay Estabrook, an aging Hollywood film star whom he later picks up during a night's drinking, but when he takes her home he is interrupted by Fay's husband, the gun-toting crook Dwight Troy. On the way back, Archer drops in on a run-down bar called The Wild Piano and listens to a boogie performance by convicted addict Betty Fraley. When he starts questioning her about Sampson, she turns him over to

3995-475: The family secret, the family scapegoat, the childhood trauma; how men and women need and battle each other, how the buried past rises like a skeleton to confront the present. He brought the tragic drama of Sophocles and the psychology of Freud to detective stories, and his prose flashed with poetic imagery." Philosophical references underlined the thoughtful tone of the novels, with The Chill (1964) having mentions of Parmenides , Heraclitus and Achilles and

4080-447: The film gained a cult status. Frank Galvin provides Newman with the occasion for one of his great performances. This is the first movie in which Newman has looked a little old, a little tired. There are moments when his face sags and his eyes seem terribly weary...[Newman] gives us old, bone-tired, hung-over, trembling (and heroic) Frank Galvin, and we buy it lock, stock and shot glass. —Roger Ebert (1982) In 1980, Newman directed

4165-476: The film in May 1970. Five weeks after principal photography began, Colla left the project due to "artistic differences over photographic concept", as well as a required throat operation. At the same time, Newman broke his ankle and the production shut down on July 29. As co-executive producer, Newman considered replacing Colla with George Roy Hill, but Hill declined the offer, so when filming resumed two weeks later, Newman

4250-491: The home video versions of The Sting , Slap Shot , Winning and Sometimes a Great Notion . The complaint claimed that Universal accounted for the cassette revenues in a way that improperly decreased amounts due to Newman, with the actor wanting a full accounting along with $ 2 million in damages. Also in 1987, Newman directed a screen version of Tennessee Williams ' The Glass Menagerie starring his wife Joanne Woodward , John Malkovich , and Karen Allen . The film

4335-509: The image of a revered cinematic legend and committed philanthropist", the affair was reportedly denied by a friend of Newman's wife Joanne, who said she was upset by the claim. Levy criticised the tabloid newspaper, the New York Post , which had a long-standing feud with Newman, for focusing on and emphasizing this aspect of his biography. He and Woodward were the subject of a 2022 docuseries by Ethan Hawke , The Last Movie Stars , which

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4420-421: The limits of crime fiction to become "a major American novelist" while author Eudora Welty was a fan of the series and carried on a lengthy correspondence with Macdonald. The editors of Thrilling Detective wrote: "The greatest P.I. series ever written? Probably." Initially, Lew Archer was similar to (if not completely a derivative of) Philip Marlowe , the pioneering sleuth created by Raymond Chandler in

4505-437: The lust for money has twisted all connected with the crime, Graves turns himself in. The novel became the basis for the 1966 Paul Newman film Harper , when Pocket Books retitled a reprint of the novel Harper without permission as part of the movie tie-in. Tom Nolan, Ross Macdonald , Scribner 1999 Lew Archer Lew Archer is a fictional character created by American-Canadian writer Ross Macdonald . Archer

4590-496: The most liberal marriage and divorce laws in the nation, and also due to Nevada then being one of the only states with legalized casino gambling and the associated organized crime presence. Archer's name pays a double homage: first to Dashiell Hammett ("Miles Archer" was the name of Sam Spade 's murdered partner in The Maltese Falcon ), while Lew Wallace was the author of the novel Ben Hur (1880). According to

4675-436: The movies. This movie series would start adapting with the eighth book in the series, The Galton Case . From Silver Pictures, Andrew Rona and Alex Heineman will be executive producers with Joel Silver producing. Archer , a 1975 NBC TV series (NBC) starring Brian Keith based on the character. It was cancelled after six episodes: Paul Newman Paul Leonard Newman (January 26, 1925 – September 26, 2008)

4760-680: The much-abused hard-boiled detective story to its original Hammet-high level." Raymond Chandler , on the other hand, dismissed Macdonald's literary homage in a private letter not published until 1962 as the work of a "literary eunuch". Lew Archer is a 35-year-old private eye based in Los Angeles . He is hired by the crippled wife of millionaire Ralph Sampson to discover what has happened to him since he disappeared after recently landing at Burbank Airport . Archer begins by interviewing Sampson's pilot Alan Taggert and his flirtatious daughter Miranda at their Santa Teresa villa before going downtown to talk to

4845-437: The novels are typically separated by fifteen years, a scant generation, as evidence from old crimes surfaces to haunt new characters. As suspense in a novel builds toward a climax, Archer often gets little or no sleep, racing the clock and prowling the suburban Southern California landscape day after night after day, trying to put the pieces of a puzzle together in order to prevent new violence. This 36- or 48-hour wakefulness mimes

4930-518: The original Broadway production of The Desperate Hours in 1955. In 1959, he was in the original Broadway production of Sweet Bird of Youth with Geraldine Page and three years later starred with Page in the film version. During this time Newman started acting in television. His first credited role was in a 1952 episode of Tales of Tomorrow entitled "Ice from Space". In the mid-1950s, he appeared twice on CBS 's Appointment with Adventure anthology series . In February 1954, Newman appeared in

5015-426: The other characters in the novels. Macdonald wrote, "Certainly my narrator Archer is not the main object of my interest, nor the character with whose fate I am most concerned," and moreover that Archer "is not their [the novels'] emotional center." Another subtle difference was that Marlowe prowled the city of Los Angeles during the 1940s, while Lew Archer primarily worked the suburbs in the 1950s, moving outward with

5100-473: The populace. Like Marlowe, Archer observes growing dichotomies in American society with visual "snapshots". In The Zebra-Striped Hearse , Archer hunts a missing girl who may be dead, possibly murdered. His path repeatedly crosses a group of young surfers who own a hearse painted in gay zebra stripes. To the youngsters, death is remote and funny. To the world-weary detective, it's close and grim. Lew Archer

5185-614: The project, the pair accepted a deferred payment. The film was nominated for four Academy Awards including Best Picture and won two Golden Globes including Best Director . In 1969, Newman co-starred with Woodward in James Goldstone 's car racing film Winning . It was one of the top grossing film that year in the US reaching the thirteenth position and grossed $ 14,644,335. Also that year, he teamed up with fellow actor Robert Redford and director George Roy Hill for Butch Cassidy and

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5270-461: The rights for $ 50,000. The film flopped both commercially and critically. However, Newman later said that it is "the most significant film I've ever made and the best". In 1971, Newman directed and starred in Sometimes a Great Notion based on Ken Kesey 's novel . Although several directors were considered, it was announced that Newman would direct. However, Richard A. Colla was signed to direct

5355-685: The screen version of the Pulitzer Prize -winning play of the same name . It was in competition at the Cannes Film Festival , and Joanne Woodward won the best actress award. In 1973, Newman reunited with director George Roy Hill and fellow actor Robert Redford in The Sting . The film made over $ 68,000,000 in the North American box office, and was the highest grossing film of 1974. For his participation, Newman received top billing, $ 500,000 and

5440-677: The television screen version of the Pulitzer Prize-winning play The Shadow Box . In 1981, he acted in Sydney Pollack 's Absence of Malice . He starred in Sidney Lumet 's The Verdict in 1982. The film was nominated for Academy Award for Best Picture , and Newman received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actor . In 1984, Newman starred in and directed Harry & Son . In 1986, twenty-five years after The Hustler , Newman reprised his role of "Fast Eddie" Felson in

5525-558: The theater; his first role was at the age of seven, playing the court jester in a school production of Robin Hood . At age 10, Newman performed at the Cleveland Play House in a production of Saint George and the Dragon , and acted in their Curtain Pullers children's theater program. Graduating from Shaker Heights High School in 1943, he briefly attended Ohio University in Athens, Ohio , where he

5610-553: The tortoise , while Black Money (1966) briefly discusses Henri Bergson . The only recurring characters of note are Arnie and Phyllis Walters, who appear in several of the novels and seem to enjoy a warm friendship with Archer. Arnie is a private detective in Reno, Nevada , about 470 miles north of Los Angeles. Archer sometimes calls upon Arnie for assistance with cases that lead to Nevada. Archer's investigations sometimes lead from California to Nevada, due in part to Nevada then having some of

5695-451: The use of archive recordings. Newman retired from acting in May 2007, saying: "You start to lose your memory, you start to lose your confidence, you start to lose your invention. So I think that's pretty much a closed book for me." He came out of retirement to record narration for the 2007 documentary Dale , about the life of NASCAR driver Dale Earnhardt , and for the 2008 documentary The Meerkats , his final film role overall. Newman

5780-520: The window and what is finally left is, if you can make somebody laugh... And he sure does keep me laughing." Newman has attributed their relationship success to "some combination of lust and respect and patience. And determination." They had three daughters: Elinor "Nell" Teresa (b. 1959), Melissa "Lissy" Stewart (b. 1961), and Claire "Clea" Olivia (b. 1965). Newman was well known for his devotion to his wife and family. When once asked about his reputation for fidelity, he famously quipped, "Why go out for

5865-450: Was $ 55,000,000. In 1975, his third film with First Artists was the Harper sequel The Drowning Pool , in which Woodward appeared. In 1977, he reunited with director Hill in the hockey sport comedy Slap Shot . At the time of its release the film received mixed reviews, many saying that it was "setting a new standard in its use of obscenities". Years later on Home Video and cable showings

5950-648: Was Newman's debut; Woodward was an understudy. Shortly after filming The Long, Hot Summer in 1957, he divorced Witte to marry Woodward. The Newmans moved to East 11th Street in Manhattan, before buying a home and raising their family in Westport, Connecticut . They were one of the first Hollywood movie star couples to choose to raise their families outside California. They remained married for 50 years until his death in 2008. Woodward has said "He's very good looking and very sexy and all of those things, but all of that goes out

6035-496: Was a freshman at Kenyon College during a play which Newman was directing. Film critic Shawn Levy , in his biography Paul Newman: A Life (2009), alleged that Newman had an affair in the late 1960s with divorcée Nancy Bacon, a Hollywood journalist, which lasted one and a half years. In an article in the Irish Independent , which stated also that Levy's claims "caused outrage" and were widely considered "an attempt to sully

6120-427: Was a musical adaptation of Thornton Wilder 's stage play. After Dean's death, Newman replaced Dean in the role of a boxer in a television adaptation of Hemingway's story "The Battler", written by A. E. Hotchner, that was broadcast live on October 18, 1955. That performance led to his breakthrough role as Rocky Graziano in the film Somebody Up There Likes Me in 1956. The Dean connection had additional resonance. Newman

6205-626: Was a success, grossing over $ 15 million at the box office, and it was fourth highest grossing film of the year. At the Academy Awards it was nominated for Best Picture as well as winning and receiving nominations in other categories. Finally that year, along with Barbra Streisand and Sidney Poitier , Newman formed First Artists Production Company so actors could secure properties and develop movie projects for themselves. In 1970, Newman produced and co-starred with Woodward in Stuart Rosenberg 's WUSA , based on Robert Stone 's novel A Hall of Mirrors . Newman and his partner John Foreman purchased

6290-589: Was an American actor, film director, racing car driver, philanthropist, and entrepreneur. He was the recipient of numerous awards , including an Academy Award , a BAFTA Award , three Golden Globe Awards , a Screen Actors Guild Award , a Primetime Emmy Award , a Silver Bear , a Cannes Film Festival Award , and the Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award . Born in Shaker Heights, Ohio , a suburb of Cleveland , Newman showed an interest in theater as

6375-401: Was assigned to Pacific-based replacement torpedo squadrons VT-98, VT-99, and VT-100, responsible primarily for training replacement combat pilots and aircrewmen, with special emphasis on carrier landings. He later flew as a turret gunner in an Avenger torpedo bomber. As a radioman-gunner, his unit was assigned to the aircraft carrier Bunker Hill , along with other replacements shortly before

6460-474: Was broadcast on HBO Max . The docuseries was based upon tapes compiled by his friend, Stewart Stern , for a memoir that Newman abandoned but which was published in 2022 as The Extraordinary Life of An Ordinary Man. Laura Linney voiced Woodward and George Clooney voiced Newman. While Newman followed the Unitarian Universalist religion as an adult, he called himself a Jew, "because it's more of

6545-585: Was cast as Billy the Kid in The Left Handed Gun which was a role originally earmarked for Dean. Additionally, Dean was originally cast to play the role of Rocky Graziano in Somebody Up There Likes Me ; however, with his death, Newman got the role. Newman's first film for Hollywood was The Silver Chalice (1954), co-starring Italian actress Pier Angeli . The film was a box-office failure, and

6630-463: Was directing. Also that year, Newman hosted David Winters ' made-for-tv documentary Once Upon a Wheel . Winters said that at the time Newman had publicly stated he didn't want to do television and turned it down for this reason until he pitched his vision to him. Newman, a race car enthusiast, said, "The show gives me a chance to get close to a sport I'm crazy about, I love to test a car on my own, to see what I can do, but racing with 25 other guys

6715-407: Was eventually bought by producer Paul Monash , and Newman was cast as Butch, which created a title change and Redford as Sundance. Newman explained that for the scene where his character performs bicycle tricks a stuntman was hired who left director Hill unsatisfied; Newman had to perform the tricks. Furthermore, Newman explained that it was him and Goldman who developed the musical interlude. The film

6800-621: Was in William Inge 's Picnic in 1953. Newman won the Academy Award for Best Actor for his performance in The Color of Money (1986). His Oscar-nominated performances were in Cat on a Hot Tin Roof (1958), The Hustler (1961), Hud (1963), Cool Hand Luke (1967), Absence of Malice (1981), The Verdict (1982), Nobody's Fool (1994), and Road to Perdition (2002). He also starred in such films as Harper (1966), Butch Cassidy and

6885-505: Was in competition at the Cannes Film Festival . Variety called it "a reverent record" of the Williams play "one watches with a kind of distant dreaminess rather than an intense emotional involvement", and cited the "brilliant performances ... well defined by Newman's direction". In 1990, Newman co-starred with Woodward in the James Ivory film adaptation Mr. and Mrs. Bridge based off

6970-680: Was initiated into the Phi Kappa Tau fraternity. Newman served in the United States Navy in World War II , in the Pacific theater . He enrolled in the Navy V-12 pilot training program at Yale University , but was dropped when his colorblindness was discovered. He later recounted that it was "a bit more complicated" than colorblindness. He also "couldn't do the mathematical things that being

7055-579: Was married twice. His first marriage was to Jackie Witte from 1949 to 1958. They had a son, Scott (1950–1978), and two daughters, Susan (born 1953) and Stephanie Kendall (born 1954). Scott, who appeared in films including The Towering Inferno (1974), Breakheart Pass (1975), and the 1977 film Fraternity Row , died in November 1978 from a drug overdose. Newman started the Scott Newman Center for drug abuse prevention in memory of his son. Susan

7140-577: Was nominated for Best Actor at the Academy Awards. In 2005, the United States Library of Congress selected the film for preservation in the National Film Registry , considering it "culturally, historically or aesthetically significant". Critic Roger Ebert wrote, " Luke is the first Newman character to understand himself well enough to tell us to shove off. He's through risking his neck to make us happy. With this film, Newman completes

7225-521: Was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. Although he continued to provide voice work for movies, Newman's last live-action appearance was in the 2005 HBO mini-series Empire Falls (based on the Pulitzer Prize-winning novel by Richard Russo ), in which he played the dissolute father of the protagonist, Miles Roby, and for which he won a Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor – Series, Miniseries or Television Film and

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