Misplaced Pages

#932067

66-830: The magazine was founded and edited by John Christian Freund , who was educated at the University of Oxford . The title was based upon a magazine Dark Blue: An Oxford University Magazine , which folded in 1867 after publishing one issue. The Dark Blue was published in London in 1871 by Sampson Low, Son, & Marston and then from 1871 to 1873 by British & Colonial Publishing. The Dark Blue published essays, stories, poems, and illustrations. Literary contributors of essays or stories included Mathilde Blind , Sidney Colvin , W. Bodham Donne , W.S. Gilbert , G.A. Henty ( "A Pipe of Opium" ), Thomas Hughes , Andrew Lang and A.C. Swinburne . There were translations, such as The Story of Frithiof

132-399: A close relationship throughout his life. Following the exhibition of William Holman Hunt 's painting The Eve of St. Agnes , Rossetti sought out Hunt's friendship. The painting illustrated a poem by John Keats . Rossetti's own poem, " The Blessed Damozel ", was an imitation of Keats, and he believed Hunt might share his artistic and literary ideals. Together they developed the philosophy of

198-496: A contributor to their Oxford and Cambridge Magazine which Morris founded in 1856 to promote his ideas about art and poetry. In February 1857, Rossetti wrote to William Bell Scott : Two young men, projectors of the Oxford and Cambridge Magazine, have recently come up to town from Oxford, and are now very intimate friends of mine. Their names are Morris and Jones. They have turned artists instead of taking up any other career to which

264-550: A country house, Kelmscott Manor at Kelmscott , Oxfordshire, as a summer home, but it became a retreat for Rossetti and Jane Morris to have a long-lasting and complicated liaison. They spent summers there with the Morrises' children, while William Morris travelled to Iceland in 1871 and 1873. During these years, Rossetti was prevailed upon by friends, in particular Charles Augustus Howell , to exhume his poems from his wife's grave which he did, collating and publishing them in 1870 in

330-411: A disease of the kidneys from which he had been suffering for some time. He had been housebound for some years on account of paralysis of the legs, though his chloral addiction is believed to have been a means of alleviating pain from a botched hydrocele removal. He had been suffering from alcohol psychosis for some time brought on by the excessive amounts of whisky he used to drown out the bitter taste of

396-453: A dressmaker and would-be actress who was engaged to model for him on a full-time basis and sat for Veronica Veronese , The Blessed Damozel , A Sea–Spell , and other paintings. She sat for more of his finished works than any other model, but comparatively little is known about her due to the lack of any romantic connection with Rossetti. He spotted her one evening in the Strand in 1865 and

462-519: A footnote in the history of vampire fiction by its serial publication of Carmilla by Sheridan Le Fanu . This article about a literary magazine published in the United Kingdom is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . See tips for writing articles about magazines . Further suggestions might be found on the article's talk page . John Christian Freund John Christian Freund (November 23, 1848 – June 3, 1924)

528-508: A haze of chloral and whisky". The next summer he was much improved, and both Alexa Wilding and Jane sat for him at Kelmscott, where he created a soulful series of dream-like portraits. In 1874, Morris reorganised his decorative arts firm, cutting Rossetti out of the business, and the polite fiction that both men were in residence with Jane at Kelmscott could not be maintained. Rossetti abruptly left Kelmscott in July 1874 and never returned. Toward

594-524: A major influence on the development of the European Symbolist movement. In them, Rossetti's depiction of women became almost obsessively stylised. He portrayed his new lover Fanny Cornforth as the epitome of physical eroticism, while Jane Burden, the wife of his business partner William Morris, was glamorised as an ethereal goddess. "As in Rossetti's previous reforms, the new kind of subject appeared in

660-537: A music-specialty newspaper which became The Musical and Dramatic Times . After selling the music newspaper, he spent a year in Colorado and New Mexico. When he returned to New York, he founded the weekly publication Music . This became Music and Drama which was published daily. In late 1884, Freund became a partner in the fledgling The Journalist , generally considered to be the first successful American trade newspaper covering journalism. His play, True Mobility ,

726-605: A play, The Undergraduate , at the Queens Theatre in London. Freund emigrated to the United States in 1871, fleeing his creditors after The Dark Blue went bankrupt. In New York City, he worked for trade papers, writing for The Wine and Spirit Gazette . He then founded and served as the editor of The Hat, Cap and Fur Trade Review . He purchased a critical weekly, the Arcadian, becoming its editor. in 1873, Freund founded

SECTION 10

#1732881272933

792-473: A poem, but rather function like subject paintings within a text. Illustration is not subservient to text and vice versa. Careful and conscientious craftsmanship is practiced in every aspect of production, and each element, though qualifiedly artistic in its own right, contributes to a unified art object (the book). England began to see a revival of religious beliefs and practices starting in 1833 and moving onward to about 1845. The Oxford Movement , also known as

858-662: A poet and attended King's College School , in its original location near the Strand in London. He also wished to be a painter, having shown a great interest in Medieval Italian art . He studied at Henry Sass ' Drawing Academy from 1841 to 1845, when he enrolled in the Antique School of the Royal Academy , which he left in 1848. After leaving the Royal Academy, Rossetti studied under Ford Madox Brown , with whom he retained

924-406: A snake. That's why I always buy Rossetti whenever I can. His women are really rather horrible. It's like a friend of mine who says he hates my work, although it fascinates him." The friend Lowry referred to was businessman Monty Bloom, to whom he also explained his obsession with Rossetti's portraits: "They are not real women.[...] They are dreams.[...] He used them for something in his mind caused by

990-447: A teenage girl. William Bell Scott saw Girlhood in progress in Hunt's studio and remarked on young Rossetti's technique: He was painting in oils with water-colour brushes, as thinly as in water-colour, on canvas which he had primed with white till the surface was a smooth as cardboard, and every tint remained transparent. I saw at once that he was not an orthodox boy, but acting purely from

1056-457: A wreath on his grave. Jane Morris, whom Rossetti had used as a model for the Oxford Union murals he painted with William Morris and Edward Burne-Jones in 1857, also sat for him during these years, she "consumed and obsessed him in paint, poetry, and life". Jane Morris was also photographed by John Robert Parsons , whose photographs were painted by Rossetti. In 1869, Morris and Rossetti rented

1122-490: Is credited to Rossetti as a neologism used for the first time in this translation.) In 1881, Rossetti published a second volume of poems, Ballads and Sonnets , which included the remaining sonnets from The House of Life sequence. The savage reaction of critics to Rossetti's first collection of poetry contributed to a mental breakdown in June 1872, and although he joined Jane Morris at Kelmscott that September, he "spent his days in

1188-593: Is decorated very similarly to that of a Catholic altar, proving his familiarity with the Anglo-Catholic revival. The subject of the painting, the Blessed Virgin, is sewing a red cloth, a significant part of the Oxford Movement that emphasized the embroidering of altar cloths by women. Oxford Reformers identified two major aspects to their movement, that "the end of all religion must be communion with God," and "that

1254-631: Is one of Vaughan Williams's best known and most frequently performed songs. In 1904, Phoebe Anna Traquair painted The Awakening , inspired by a sonnet from Rossetti's The House of Life . There is evidence to suggest that a number of paintings by Paula Modersohn-Becker (1876–1907) were influenced by the Pre-Raphaelite painter Dante Rossetti. The 1990s grunge band Hole used lines from Rossetti's "Superscription", from House of Life , in their song " Celebrity Skin " from their album Celebrity Skin : while Rossetti's line read "Look in my face; my name

1320-417: Is painted to the last touch, in the open air, from the thing itself. Every Pre-Raphaelite figure, however studied in expression, is a true portrait of some living person. For the first issue of the brotherhood's magazine, The Germ , published early in 1850, Rossetti contributed a poem, "The Blessed Damozel", and a story about a fictional early Italian artist inspired by a vision of a woman who bids him combine

1386-752: The Crimean War , a surgeon in the British Army , and the founder and director of the German Hospital in Dalston, London . In 1868 when he was nineteen years old, Freund attended Exeter College, Oxford where he studied music. He won both the Carpenter Scholarship and the Times (London) Scholarship in open competitions. He did not graduate, leaving after three years when he moved to the United States. While he

SECTION 20

#1732881272933

1452-696: The Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood which they founded along with John Everett Millais . The group's intention was to reform English art by rejecting what they considered to be the mechanistic approach first adopted by the Mannerist artists who succeeded Raphael and Michelangelo and the formal training regime introduced by Sir Joshua Reynolds . Their approach was to return to the abundant detail, intense colours, and complex compositions of Quattrocento Italian and Flemish art. The eminent critic John Ruskin wrote: Every Pre-Raphaelite landscape background

1518-480: The Vision of Sin , and Palace of Art etc.—those where one can allegorize on one's own hook, without killing for oneself and everyone a distinct idea of the poet's." This passage makes apparent Rossetti's desire not to just support the poet's narrative, but to create an allegorical illustration that functions separately from the text as well. In this respect, Pre-Raphaelite illustrations go beyond depicting an episode from

1584-454: The decorative arts firm, Morris, Marshall, Faulkner & Co. with Morris, Burne-Jones, Ford Madox Brown , Philip Webb , Charles Faulkner and Peter Paul Marshall . Rossetti contributed designs for stained glass and other decorative objects. Rossetti's wife, Elizabeth, died of an overdose of laudanum in 1862, possibly a suicide, shortly after giving birth to a stillborn child. Rossetti became increasingly depressed, and when Elizabeth

1650-479: The 'Moxon Tennyson'). Moxon envisioned Royal Academicians as the illustrators for the ambitious project, but this vision was quickly disrupted once Millais, a founding member of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood, became involved in the project. Millais recruited William Holman Hunt and Rossetti for the project, and the involvement of these artists reshaped the entire production of the book. In reference to

1716-731: The 1850s. He created a method of painting in watercolours, using thick pigments mixed with gum to give rich effects similar to medieval illuminations . He also developed a novel drawing technique in pen-and-ink. His first published illustration was "The Maids of Elfen-Mere" (1855), for a poem by his friend William Allingham , and he contributed two illustrations to Edward Moxon's 1857 edition of Alfred, Lord Tennyson 's Poems and illustrations for works by his sister Christina Rossetti . His visions of Arthurian romance and medieval design also inspired William Morris and Edward Burne-Jones . Neither Burne-Jones nor Morris knew Rossetti, but were much influenced by his works, and met him by recruiting him as

1782-573: The Bold translated from the Icelandic by William Morris and The Story of Europa translated from the Latin of Horace by J.J. Sylvester . The illustrators included Ford Madox Brown , W.J. Hennessy , Cecil Lawson and Simeon Solomon . The contributors of poetry included Alfred Perceval Graves , Theo Marzials , Arthur O'Shaughnessy , William Michael Rossetti and George A. Simcox . The Dark Blue earned

1848-599: The Church was divinely instituted for the very purpose of bringing about this consummation." From the beginning of the Brotherhood's formation in 1848, their pieces of art included subjects of noble or religious disposition. Their aim was to communicate a message of "moral reform" through the style of their works, exhibiting a "truth to nature". Specifically in Rossetti's "Hand and Soul", written in 1849, he displays his main character Chiaro as an artist with spiritual inclinations. In

1914-473: The Pre-Raphaelite illustrations, Laurence Housman wrote "[...] The illustrations of the Pre-Raphaelites were personal and intellectual readings of the poems to which they belonged, not merely echoes in line of the words of the text." The Pre-Raphaelites' visualization of Tennyson's poems indicated the range of possibilities in interpreting written works, as did their unique approach to visualizing narrative on

1980-697: The Pre-Raphaelite painters. Over the next decade, she became his muse, his pupil, and his passion. They were married in 1860. Rossetti's incomplete picture Found , begun in 1853 and unfinished at his death, was his only major modern-life subject. It depicted a prostitute, lifted from the street by a country drover who recognises his old sweetheart. However, Rossetti increasingly preferred symbolic and mythological images to realistic ones. For many years, Rossetti worked on English translations of Italian poetry including Dante Alighieri 's La Vita Nuova (published as The Early Italian Poets in 1861). These and Sir Thomas Malory 's Le Morte d'Arthur inspired his art of

2046-830: The Rossetti family are characters in Tim Powers ' 2012 novel Hide Me Among the Graves , in which both the Rossettis' uncle John Polidori and Gabriel's wife Elizabeth act as hosts for vampiric beings, and whose influence inspires the artistic genius of the family. Rossetti's poem "The Blessed Damozel" was the inspiration for Claude Debussy 's cantata La Damoiselle élue (1888). John Ireland (1879–1962) set to music as one of his Three Songs (1926) , Rossetti's poem "The One Hope" from Poems (1870). In 1904 Ralph Vaughan Williams (1872–1958) created his song cycle The House of Life from six poems by Rossetti. One song in that cycle, "Silent Noon",

The Dark Blue - Misplaced Pages Continue

2112-461: The Tractarian Movement, had recently begun a push toward the restoration of Christian traditions that had been lost in the Church of England. Rossetti and his family had been attending Christ Church, Albany Street since 1843. His brother, William Michael Rossetti recorded that services had begun changing in the church since the start of the "High Anglican movement". Rev. William Dodsworth

2178-548: The aesthetic motive. The mixture of genius and dilettantism of both men shut me up for the moment, and whetted my curiosity. Stung by criticism of his second major painting, Ecce Ancilla Domini , exhibited in 1850, and the "increasingly hysterical critical reaction that greeted Pre-Raphaelitism" that year, Rossetti turned to watercolours, which could be sold privately. Although his work subsequently won support from John Ruskin, Rossetti only rarely exhibited thereafter. In 1850, Rossetti met Elizabeth Siddal , an important model for

2244-472: The canvas. Pre-Raphaelite illustrations do not simply refer to the text in which they appear; rather, they are part of a bigger program of art: the book as a whole. Rossetti's philosophy about the role of illustration was revealed in an 1855 letter to poet William Allingham , when he wrote, in reference to his work on the Moxon Tennyson: "I have not begun even designing for them yet, but fancy I shall try

2310-489: The chloral hydrate. He is buried in the churchyard of All Saints at Birchington-on-Sea , Kent, England. Tate Britain , Birmingham , Manchester , Salford Museum and Art Galleries and Wightwick Manor National Trust, all contain large collections of Rossetti's work; Salford was bequeathed a number of works following the death of L. S. Lowry in 1976. Lowry was president of the Newcastle-based 'Rossetti Society', which

2376-484: The context of a wholesale reconfiguration of the practice of painting, from the most basic level of materials and techniques up to the most abstract or conceptual level of the meanings and ideas that can be embodied in visual form." These new works were based not on medievalism, but on the Italian High Renaissance artists of Venice , Titian and Veronese . In 1861, Rossetti became a founding partner in

2442-439: The death of his wife. I may be quite wrong there, but significantly they all came after the death of his wife." The popularity, frequent reproduction, and general availability of Rossetti's later paintings of women have led to this association with "a morbid and languorous sensuality". His small-scale early works and drawings are less well known, but it is in these that his originality, technical inventiveness, and significance in

2508-434: The end of his life, he sank into a morbid state, darkened by his drug addiction to chloral hydrate and increasing mental instability. He spent his last years as a recluse at Cheyne Walk. On Easter Sunday, 1882, he died at the country house of a friend, where he had gone in a vain attempt to recover his health, which had been destroyed by chloral as his wife's had been destroyed by laudanum . He died of Bright's disease ,

2574-659: The gold bar of Heaven" to describe the Damozel looking down to Earth from Heaven. Here we see a connection between body and soul, mortal and supernatural, a common theme in Rossetti's works. In "Ave" (1847), Mary awaits the day that she will meet her son in Heaven, uniting the earthly with the heavenly. The text highlights a strong element in Anglican Marian theology that describes Mary's body and soul having been assumed into Heaven. William Michael Rossetti , his brother, wrote in 1895: "He

2640-465: The human and the divine in his art. Rossetti was always more interested in the medieval than in the modern side of the movement, working on translations of Dante and other medieval Italian poets, and adopting the stylistic characteristics of the early Italians. Rossetti's first major paintings in oil display the realist qualities of the early Pre-Raphaelite movement. His Girlhood of Mary Virgin (1849) and Ecce Ancilla Domini (1850) portray Mary as

2706-582: The movement away from Academic tradition can best be seen. As Roger Fry wrote in 1916, "Rossetti more than any other artist since Blake may be hailed as a forerunner of the new ideas" in English Art. Rossetti was played by Oliver Reed in Ken Russell 's television film Dante's Inferno (1967). The Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood has been the subject of two BBC period dramas. The first, The Love School , (1975) features Ben Kingsley as Rossetti. The second

The Dark Blue - Misplaced Pages Continue

2772-413: The name Dante first in honour of Dante Alighieri . He was the brother of poet Christina Rossetti , critic William Michael Rossetti , and author Maria Francesca Rossetti . His father was a Roman Catholic , at least prior to his marriage, and his mother was an Anglican ; ostensibly Gabriel was baptised as and was a practising Anglican . John William Polidori , who had died seven years before his birth,

2838-489: The poet Christina Rossetti , his sister. Rossetti's personal life was closely linked to his work, especially his relationships with his models and muses Elizabeth Siddal (whom he married), Fanny Cornforth , and Jane Morris . The son of émigré Italian scholar Gabriele Pasquale Giuseppe Rossetti and his wife Frances Mary Lavinia Polidori , Gabriel Charles Dante Rossetti was born in London, on 12 May 1828. His family and friends called him Gabriel, but in publications he put

2904-578: The principles of the Aesthetic Movement . Rossetti's key bindings were designed between 1861 and 1871. He collaborated as a designer/illustrator with his sister, poet Christina Rossetti , on the first edition of Goblin Market (1862) and The Prince's Progress (1866). One of Rossetti's most prominent contributions to illustration was the collaborative book, Poems by Alfred, Lord Tennyson (published by Edward Moxon in 1857 and known colloquially as

2970-476: The purchase of a llama and a toucan , which he dressed in a cowboy hat and trained to ride the llama round the dining-table for his amusement. Rossetti maintained Fanny Cornforth (described delicately by William Allington as Rossetti's "housekeeper") in her own establishment nearby in Chelsea, and painted many voluptuous images of her between 1863 and 1865. In 1865, he discovered auburn-haired Alexa Wilding ,

3036-455: The roof between the open timbers. Seven artists were recruited, among them Valentine Prinsep and Arthur Hughes , and the work was hastily begun. The frescoes , done too soon and too fast, began to fade at once and now are barely decipherable. Rossetti recruited two sisters, Bessie and Jane Burden , as models for the Oxford Union murals , and Jane became Morris's wife in 1859. Literature

3102-557: The sonnet form as a "moment's monument", implying that it sought to contain the feelings of a fleeting moment, and reflect on their meaning. The House of Life was a series of interacting monuments to these moments – an elaborate whole made from a mosaic of intensely described fragments. It was Rossetti's most substantial literary achievement. The 1870 collection Poems included some translations, such as his "Ballad Of Dead Ladies", an 1869 translation of François Villon 's poem " Ballade des dames du temps jadis ". (The word " yesteryear "

3168-414: The text, Chiaro's spirit appears before him in the form of a woman who instructs him to "set thine hand and thy soul to serve man with God." The Rossetti Archive defines this text as "Rossetti's way of constellating his commitments to art, religious devotion, and a thoroughly secular historicism." Likewise, in "The Blessed Damozel", written between 1847 and 1870, Rossetti uses biblical language such as "From

3234-408: The university generally leads, and both are men of real genius. Jones's designs are marvels of finish and imaginative detail, unequalled by anything unless perhaps Albert Dürer 's finest works. That summer Morris and Rossetti visited Oxford and finding the Oxford Union debating-hall under construction, pursued a commission to paint the upper walls with scenes from Le Morte d'Arthur and to decorate

3300-443: The volume Poems by D. G. Rossetti . They created controversy when they were attacked as the epitome of the "fleshly school of poetry" . Their eroticism and sensuality caused offence. One poem, "Nuptial Sleep", described a couple falling asleep after sex. It was part of Rossetti's sonnet sequence The House of Life , a complex series of poems tracing the physical and spiritual development of an intimate relationship. Rossetti described

3366-437: Was Desperate Romantics , in which Rossetti is played by Aidan Turner . It was broadcast on BBC Two on Tuesday, 21 July 2009. The character of Dr. Frasier Crane ( Kelsey Grammer ) appears in an episode of Cheers as Dante Gabriel Rossetti for his Halloween costume. His wife Dr. Lilith Sternin-Crane appears as Rossetti's sister Christina. Their son Frederick is dressed as Spiderman. Gabriel Rossetti and other members of

SECTION 50

#1732881272933

3432-468: Was Rossetti's maternal uncle. During his childhood, Rossetti was home educated and later attended King's College School , and often read the Bible , along with the works of Shakespeare , Dickens , Sir Walter Scott , and Lord Byron . The youthful Rossetti is described as "self-possessed, articulate, passionate and charismatic" but also "ardent, poetic and feckless". Like all his siblings, he aspired to be

3498-419: Was a British-American magazine publisher, playwright, and music critic. He founded several magazines, including The Music Trades . Freund was born in London, England. He was one of the eight children of the physician Dr. Jonas Charles Hermann Freund and Amelia Louisa (née Rudiger) Freund , a writer on social economics under the name Amelia Lewis. His father was the deputy inspector of hospitals during

3564-710: Was a member of the National Geographic Society , National Civic Federation , the Pleiades Club , St. John's Guild, and the West End Association. Freud died in Mount Vernon, New York in 1924 after a lingering illness. Dante Gabriel Rossetti Gabriel Charles Dante Rossetti (12 May 1828 – 9 April 1882), generally known as Dante Gabriel Rossetti ( / r ə ˈ z ɛ t i / rə- ZET -ee ; Italian: [rosˈsetti] ),

3630-551: Was an English poet, illustrator, painter, translator, and member of the Rossetti family. He founded the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood in 1848 with William Holman Hunt and John Everett Millais . Rossetti inspired the next generation of artists and writers, William Morris and Edward Burne-Jones in particular. His work also influenced the European Symbolists and was a major precursor of the Aesthetic movement . Rossetti's art

3696-436: Was buried at Highgate Cemetery , he interred the bulk of his unpublished poems with her, though he later had them dug up. He idealised her image as Dante 's Beatrice in a number of paintings, such as Beata Beatrix . After the death of his wife, Rossetti leased a Tudor House at 16, Cheyne Walk , in Chelsea, where he lived for 20 years surrounded by extravagant furnishings and a parade of exotic birds and animals. Rossetti

3762-546: Was characterised by its sensuality and its medieval revivalism. His early poetry was influenced by John Keats and William Blake . His later poetry was characterised by the complex interlinking of thought and feeling, especially in his sonnet sequence The House of Life . Poetry and image are closely entwined in Rossetti's work. He frequently wrote sonnets to accompany his pictures, spanning from The Girlhood of Mary Virgin (1849) and Astarte Syriaca (1877), while also creating art to illustrate poems such as Goblin Market by

3828-950: Was editor of Musical America and was president of the related Musical America Co. He was also editor of The Piano and Organ Purchaser's Guide , an annual publication. Freund was an investor in The Colored American Magazine , working with Booker T. Washington to control the editorial content and oust editor Pauline Hopkins in 1904. In June 1872, John C Freund married Esther Barton Dewhurst in Chelsea, London, UK (source BDM UK). They had one daughter, Matilda, born 1872. In 1887, Freund married Florence Smith of Boston , Massachusetts. They had one daughter, Florence Louise (born 1889). They divorced in 1890. He married Anna C. Hughes in 1890. Freud and Anna had two daughters: Annette (born 1896) and Marjorie (born 1904). The family lived at 760 West End Avenue in New York City. He

3894-513: Was fascinated with wombats , asking friends to meet him at the "Wombat's Lair" at the London Zoo in Regent's Park , and spending hours there. In September 1869, he acquired the first of two pet wombats, which he named "Top". It was brought to the dinner table and allowed to sleep in the large centrepiece during meals. Rossetti's fascination with exotic animals continued throughout his life, culminating in

3960-422: Was founded in 1966. Lowry's private collection of works was chiefly built around Rossetti's paintings and sketches of Elizabeth Siddal and Jane Morris, and notable pieces included Pandora , Proserpine and a drawing of Annie Miller . In an interview with Mervyn Levy , Lowry explained his fascination with the Rossetti women in relation to his own work: "I don't like his women at all, but they fascinate me, like

4026-419: Was immediately struck by her beauty. She agreed to sit for him the following day, but failed to arrive. He spotted her again weeks later, jumped from the cab he was in and persuaded her to go straight to his studio. He paid her a weekly fee to sit for him exclusively, afraid that other artists might employ her. They shared a lasting bond; after Rossetti's death Wilding was said to have travelled regularly to place

SECTION 60

#1732881272933

4092-521: Was integrated into the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood's artistic practice from the beginning (including that of Rossetti), with many paintings making direct literary references. For example, John Everett Millais ' early work, Isabella (1849), depicts an episode from John Keats ' Isabella, or, the Pot of Basil (1818). Rossetti was particularly critical of the gaudy ornamentation of Victorian gift books and sought to refine bindings and illustrations to align with

4158-531: Was never confirmed, professed no religious faith, and practised no regular religious observances; but he had ... sufficient sympathy with the abstract ideas and the venerable forms of Christianity to go occasionally to an Anglican church — very occasionally, and only as the inclination ruled him." Around 1860, Rossetti returned to oil painting, abandoning the dense medieval compositions of the 1850s in favour of powerful close-up images of women in flat pictorial spaces characterised by dense colour. These paintings became

4224-667: Was produced in Chicago at the McVicker's Theatre in 1885. He played the leading role. He then joined Frank Mayo 's theater company and performed leading roles in several plays through 1887. Freund was the editor of American Musician from 1887 to 1890. In 1890, he founded The Music Trades with Milton Weil (1871–1935). He edited the Dolgeville Herald in Herkimer County, New York from 1891 to 1893. In 1898, he established and

4290-615: Was responsible for these changes, including the addition of the Catholic practice of placing flowers and candles by the altar. Rossetti and his family, along with two of his colleagues (one of which cofounded the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood ) had also attended St. Andrew's on Wells Street, a High Anglican church. It is noted that the Anglo-Catholic revival very much affected Rossetti in the late 1840s and early 1850s. The spiritual expressions of his painting The Girlhood of Mary Virgin , finished in 1849, are evident of this claim. The painting's altar

4356-456: Was still in college, Freund founded and edited The Dark Blue magazine . The Dark Blue was a literary journal that included essays, illustrations, poems, and stories by Ford Madox Brown , Sydney Colvin , Edward Dowden , W.S. Gilbert , Thomas Hughes , Andrew Lang , William Morris , Dante Gabriel Rossetti , William Michael Rossetti , Simeon Solomon , and A. C. Swinburne . Also while still at university in 1870, Freund wrote and produced

#932067