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62-474: Noted psychologist Dr. George C. Chapman ( Andrew Duggan ), his assistant Paul Radford ( Efrem Zimbalist Jr ) and their staff are flying around the country conducting an anonymous sex survey of American women. They come to Los Angeles looking for volunteers in an affluent community called Briarwood. In a speech to the Briarwood Women's Club, Chapman says that “Too many women suffer from too little knowledge about

124-487: A self-selection bias . These issues would undermine the usefulness of the sample in terms of determining the tendencies of the overall population. In 1948, the same year as the original publication, a committee of the American Statistical Association , including notable statisticians such as John Tukey , condemned the sampling procedure. In a tense meeting with Kinsey, Tukey supposedly declared that even

186-533: A 1964 episode of The Alfred Hitchcock Hour entitled "The McGregor Affair". In 1966, he played Father Michael in "The Eighth Day", an episode of Bob Hope Presents the Chrysler Theatre . That same year, he appeared on F Troop as Major Chester Winster, in the episode "The New I. G.". He also played Brigadier/Major General Ed Britt (seasons two and three) in the ABC TV series 12 O'clock High . Duggan played

248-609: A different biography of Hoover, The Private Files of J. Edgar Hoover (1977). He played Judge Axel in A Return to Salem's Lot (1987). Duggan in 1953 married Broadway dancer and actress Elizabeth Logue, whom he called Betty. His wife has no relation to the Hawaiian actress of the same name . The couple had three children, Richard, Nancy, and Melissa. The veteran actor, at age 64, died of throat cancer on May 15, 1988. Kinsey Reports The Kinsey Reports are two scholarly books on human sexual behavior , Sexual Behavior in

310-407: A different ending with Zimbalist and Duggan saying that American women were rather normal sexually, a message at odds with the rest of Cukor's film. A different director was brought in to reshoot it. Cukor said of Bloom: "Claire is not a nice Nellie. She has no inhibitions, and she is not as cold as some people say". The film attracted criticism for being "the sexiest mainstream movie ever made". Upon

372-494: A football,” she declares and runs for home. Sarah Garnell ( Shelley Winters ) is a middle-aged wife and mother whose lover, the young director of the local little theater , Fred Linden ( Ray Danton ), is supposedly separated from his wife. Her husband, Frank ( Harold J. Stone ), thinks all is well. When she is interviewed, she classifies their sexual relationship as “tolerable”. They have sex every Saturday. She describes her affair, weeping. The subsequent questions make her think for

434-501: A leading role as cattle baron Murdoch Lancer in the 1968–1970 series Lancer . Duggan played John Walton in the television film, The Homecoming: A Christmas Story (1971). In the TV series it inspired, The Waltons , the role of John Walton was played by Ralph Waite . Even earlier, Henry Fonda had played essentially the same role in the movie based on Earl Hamner 's writing that inspired them both, Spencer's Mountain (1963), although

496-524: A more complete report involving 100,000 interviews and considered the initial 1948 publication to be a sample progress report, academics have criticized the sample selection and sample bias in the reports' methodology . The main issues cited by researchers are that Kinsey did not use random sampling procedures when collecting his data, that significant portions of his samples come from prison populations and male prostitutes, and that people who volunteer to be interviewed about taboo subjects are likely to create

558-745: A pastor and padre, sheriff and warden, doctor and professor, numerous judges and generals, and three times the President of the United States. Duggan did voice-over work including Ziebart's 1985 Clio Award-winning "Friend of the Family (Rust in Peace)" television commercial. In 1957, Duggan appeared as Major Ellwood in the TV Western Cheyenne in the episode titled "Land Beyond the Law". He appeared on Gunsmoke in

620-496: A recurring role as General Ed Britt in the second and third seasons of the ABC war series, Twelve O'Clock High . He performed in a pivotal supporting role in the 1964 film, Seven Days in May starring Burt Lancaster , Kirk Douglas , Ava Gardner and Fredric March , and played the U.S. President and an imposter in the 1967 film, In Like Flint with James Coburn . Duggan was cast in

682-488: A sample as small as three to five, chosen randomly, would be preferable to hundreds in Kinsey's sample. In 1954, leading statisticians, including William Gemmell Cochran , Frederick Mosteller , John Tukey, and W. O. Jenkins issued for the American Statistical Association a critique of Kinsey's 1948 Male report, stating: Critics are justified in their objections that many of the most interesting and provocative statements in

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744-418: A subject that occupies a major and crucial part of their lives...My associates and I believe that through our findings these women will come to realize that sex is decent, clean and dignified.“ The turnout at the club is lower than expected—82 instead of 150 women–because Dr. Jonas ( Henry Daniell ) is campaigning against the project. He tells Radford that he deplores the fact that all their research and writing

806-405: A survey of Victorian women. Qualitative studies had been done by Havelock Ellis and Magnus Hirschfeld , but these researchers did not attempt to gather quantitative data. Kinsey built up academic prestige over decades of study and gained the support of Rockefeller family -backed philanthropists for a large-scale analysis. His research was unprecedented in scale, involving 18,000 interviews. Data

868-535: A third batch brought in by, essentially, peer pressure. While all the participants were still volunteers, he got interviews and thus samples he would not have otherwise gotten. In addition, the groups themselves, though any one was not representative of the population as a whole, provided a random element while encouraging greater participation. These "100 percent groups" made up about a quarter of Kinsey's overall data. More recent researchers have also criticized Kinsey's sampling methods and believe that he overestimated

930-447: A vivacious, happily married woman, recognizes her interviewer as Dr. Chapman. She records everything to play back for her husband. Listening, she suddenly thinks they may be abnormal—abnormally boring. Her pursuit of brawny, young football player Ed Kraski ( Ty Hardin ) ends in farce. When he finally understands what she wants, he grabs her eagerly, and her fantasy dissolves in his clumsy, bone-crushing embrace. “You can't toss me around like

992-457: A year as "married", inflating the statistics for extra-marital sex. 12% of females and 22% of males reported having an erotic response to a sadomasochistic story. Responses to being bitten: The report estimated the amount of American citizens that have engaged in zoophilia to be approximately eight million. Kinsey's statistics in his Reports have been criticized both at the time he published and today. Although Kinsey sought to work on

1054-405: A young widow who believes she is frigid but who is in fact reacting to her husband's violence during sex; Glynis Johns as a trendy older woman infatuated with athletic young beach boy Ty Hardin ; and Claire Bloom as a “nymphomaniac ”. Costume designer Orry-Kelly dressed each of the different female characters in only one color throughout the film. As many as seven different writers worked on

1116-490: Is a continuum in each and every one of its aspects. While emphasising the continuity of the gradations between exclusively heterosexual and exclusively homosexual histories, it has seemed desirable to develop some sort of classification which could be based on the relative amounts of heterosexual and homosexual experience or response in each history... An individual may be assigned a position on this scale, for each period in his life. [...] A seven-point scale comes nearer to showing

1178-564: Is cast as Dave, and Steele as Sergeant Granger. He made three Westerns for Columbia Pictures in 1957 and 1958. In 1959, Duggan was contracted to Warner Brothers Television where he was cast in ABC's Bourbon Street Beat , in which he portrayed Cal Calhoun, the head of a New Orleans detective agency. Bourbon Street Beat was canceled after a single season. During this time, Duggan guest-starred in several Warner Bros. television series and appeared in several Warner Bros. films, including The Chapman Report and Merrill's Marauders , and

1240-483: Is currently referred to as hypersexuality . When we first see her, she seduces a stranger, water-delivery guy Bob Jensen ( Chad Everett ). Wash Dillon ( Corey Allen ), an unsavory jazz musician who lives down the block, takes her to a crummy apartment and they have sex. When she wakes up, Dillon allows his friends to gang rape her, then dumps her in her driveway. When the time comes for her interview, she first says that she had sex with many in her early teens, then that it

1302-399: Is devoted to the physical act. “This is separating sex from affection, warmth, tenderness, devotion.” Dr. Jonas insists that by not discussing love at all, they allow people to believe—incorrectly—that the data on the physical act are the way to measure love. “People read the digits, make the comparisons, and then label themselves either normal or abnormal.” Dr. Jonas is also very concerned that

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1364-428: Is used to measure a person's overall balance of heterosexuality and homosexuality, and takes into account both sexual experience and psychosexual reactions. The scale ranges from 0 to 6, with 0 being completely heterosexual and 6 completely homosexual. An additional category, X, was mentioned to describe those who had "no socio-sexual contacts or reactions," which has been cited by scholars to mean asexuality . The scale

1426-997: The United States Army 40th Special Services Company, led by actor Melvyn Douglas in the China Burma India Theater of World War II . His contact with Douglas later led to his performing with Lucille Ball in the play Dreamgirl . Duggan developed a friendship with Broadway director Daniel Mann on a troop ship when returning from the war. Duggan appeared on Broadway in The Rose Tattoo , Gently Does It , Anniversary Waltz , Fragile Fox , and The Third Best Sport . Duggan appeared in some 70 films and in more than 140 television programs between 1949 and 1987. In film he appeared in Westerns, war pictures, political thrillers, dramas, horror films, and other genres, generally assaying authority figures. Among his roles were playing

1488-547: The television pilot FBI Code 98 . He also provide narration for several Warner Bros. film trailers. Duggan guest-starred in numerous television series in the 1960s, including the Western Tombstone Territory in the episode "The Epitaph". He appeared as an incorrigible criminal trying to gain amnesty in the 1962 episode "Sunday" of the ABC/WB series, Lawman , starring John Russell . In 1963, he guest-starred on

1550-473: The Human Female was based on personal interviews with approximately 6,000 women. In the latter, Kinsey analyzed data for the frequency with which women participate in various types of sexual activity and looked at how factors such as age, social-economic status, and religious adherence influence sexual behavior. The two best-selling books were immediately controversial, both within the scientific community and

1612-766: The Human Male (1948) and Sexual Behavior in the Human Female (1953), written by Alfred Kinsey , Wardell Pomeroy , Clyde Martin , and (for Sexual Behavior in the Human Female ) Paul Gebhard and published by W.B. Saunders . Kinsey was a zoologist at Indiana University and the founder of the Kinsey Institute for Research in Sex, Gender, and Reproduction (more widely known as the Kinsey Institute). Jean Brown, Cornelia Christenson, Dorothy Collins, Hedwig Leser, and Eleanor Roehr were all acknowledged as research assistants on

1674-500: The Human Male as "methodologically far from persuasive". Sociologist Edward Laumann stated that the Kinsey Reports were limited to the biology of sex and lacked psychological and clinical information and analysis and that this "meant that sex research did not move into the mainstream of academic credibility. People took their reputations in their hands if they attempted to pursue it." Laumann also acknowledged that "The Kinsey report

1736-410: The [Kinsey 1948] book are not based on the data presented therein, and it is not made clear to the reader on what evidence the statements are based. Further, the conclusions drawn from data presented in the book are often stated by KPM [Kinsey, Pomeroy, and Martin] in much too bold and confident a manner. Taken cumulatively, these objections amount to saying that much of the writing in the book falls below

1798-554: The ages of 16 and 55" (in the 5 to 6 range on the Kinsey scale). Seven percent of single females (ages 20–35) and four percent of previously married females (ages 20–35) were given a rating of 3 (about equal heterosexual and homosexual experience/response) on Kinsey Heterosexual-Homosexual Rating Scale for this period of their lives. 2 to 6% of females, aged 20–35, were more or less exclusively homosexual in experience/response, and 1 to 3% of unmarried females aged 20–35 were exclusively homosexual in experience/response. The Kinsey scale

1860-524: The book's title page. Alice Field was a sex researcher, criminologist, and social scientist in New York; as a research associate for Sexual Behavior in the Human Female, she provided assistance with legal questions. The sociological data underlying the analysis and conclusions found in Sexual Behavior in the Human Male was collected from approximately 5,300 men over a fifteen-year period. Sexual Behavior in

1922-501: The character's name was different. In 1973, Duggan had a cameo appearance in the blaxploitation film Black Caesar . In 1974, he portrayed General Maxwell D. Taylor in the TV docudrama The Missiles Of October . He appeared as FBI Inspector Ryder in the 1975 NBC-TV movie Attack on Terror: The FBI vs. the Ku Klux Klan , and had roles in the 1976 TV miniseries Rich Man, Poor Man and Once an Eagle . In 1978, he appeared in

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1984-666: The episode "And the Sea Shall Give Up Her Dead" of the NBC crime drama The Eddie Capra Mysteries . In 1980, he appeared as Sam Wiggins in the ABC television movie The Long Days of Summer . One of Duggan's last roles was as Dwight D. Eisenhower in a TV biography called J. Edgar Hoover (1987), a role he had played earlier in the NBC miniseries, Backstairs at the White House (1979). He also played President Lyndon B. Johnson in

2046-556: The episode titled “Cheap Labor” in 1957. He played a villain in the first episode of NBC 's Wagon Train . That same year, he was cast with Peter Brown and Bob Steele in the guest cast of the first episode of the ABC / Warner Bros. series, Colt .45 , starring Wayde Preston as Christopher Colt, an undercover agent and pistol salesman in the Old West . In the opening episode, "The Peacemaker" or "Judgment Day", Duggan plays Jim Rexford; Brown

2108-462: The film with Gene Allen, who was contracted to Cukor's organisation delivering the final screenplay. The film attracted much criticism during its production by the Legion of Decency amongst others. After a screening at San Francisco where Cukor claimed the audience liked the film, the studio recut the film. At the Legion of Decency 's insistence, Jack Warner had Michael A. Hoey reedit the film and wrote

2170-474: The film's general release, The New York Times wrote "the four adapters use four case histories of abnormal sexual behavior of upper middle-class women of a Los Angeles suburb who subject themselves to the testing of a psychologist's team of investigators. They touch, unfortunately only superficially, on a frigid type, a nymphomaniac-alcoholic, a confused, bored mother and a gay, flighty intellectual seeking enlightenment in romance. The interplay and lack of depth in

2232-421: The first time about the future, and she eventually decides to leave her husband. She leaves a note and her wedding ring for Frank and goes to Fred's boat to find Fred's wife, waiting. Fred won't see her. Sarah goes back to her stricken husband, who tells her that he meant “for better or for worse” and returns her ring. Divorcée Naomi Shields ( Claire Bloom ) is a promiscuous alcoholic who may be suffering from what

2294-647: The frequency of nonheterosexual behaviors and attractions, because the Kinsey Reports show higher frequencies of homosexuality than more modern studies do. This may be explained in part by Kinsey's interview style, which focused on in-depth conversations with subjects carried out by himself or highly trained members of his team; they emphasized creating rapport with the interviewee and making them feel comfortable and secure. Modern interviewers tend to be less thoroughly trained and emphasize scientific detachment, which may make respondents less likely to share sensitive personal details. It has been suggested that some data in

2356-626: The general population. Instead of three categories ( heterosexual , bisexual and homosexual ), a seven-point Kinsey scale system was used. The reports also state that nearly 46% of the male subjects had "reacted" sexually to persons of both sexes in the course of their adult lives, and 37% had at least one homosexual experience. 11.6% of white males (ages 20–35) were given a rating of 3 (about equal heterosexual and homosexual experience/response) throughout their adult lives. The study also reported that 10% of American males surveyed were "more or less exclusively homosexual for at least three years between

2418-482: The general public, because they challenged conventional beliefs about sexuality and discussed subjects that had previously been taboo . The validity of Kinsey's methods were sometimes called into question. Despite this, Kinsey's work is considered pioneering and some of the best-known sex research of all time. Surveys of sexual behavior were unprecedented in American society, although Clelia Duel Mosher had conducted

2480-512: The interview as a contributing factor. Radford says she was lost long ago. Dr. Chapman and Radford are reviewing the data from the Briarwood interviews. They pause to reflect on the reassuring statistics showing that the vast majority of American marriages are happy. Radford shares the news: He and Kathy are engaged. Based on Irving Wallace's novel that was based on the Kinsey Reports , the film

2542-718: The interviews, with their probing questions, may stir up trouble for some women—with no follow-through to help them. Radford later tells Chapman that Jonas has some good points. The film follows four of the participants: Kathleen Barclay ( Jane Fonda ) is a young widow who thinks she is frigid because, not long before he died, her husband told her she was. She breaks down in tears during the interview (conducted by Radford), drops her purse and flees. When Radford returns her wallet, she recognizes his voice. She becomes distraught, protesting that she “is not one of his pathological cases.” However, she and Radford fall in love, and she comes to terms with her fears. Teresa Harnish ( Glynis Johns ),

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2604-578: The intimate details of their sex lives even with their spouses and close friends. Before the publication of Kinsey's reports, Maslow tested Kinsey's volunteers for bias. He concluded that Kinsey's sample was unrepresentative of the general population. The charge of an over-reliance on volunteers is also critiqued in the Gathorne-Hardy biography. All surveys rely on volunteers. Kinsey attempted to correct for this by gathering as many "100 percent groups" as he could--that is, collecting all (or nearly all) of

2666-426: The level of good scientific writing. In response, Paul Gebhard , Kinsey's close colleague, "Sexual Behavior in the Human Female" co-author, and successor as director of the Kinsey Institute for Sex Research , cleaned the Kinsey data of purported contaminants, removing, for example, all material derived from prison populations in the basic sample. (Gebhard had, while working with Kinsey, raised serious concerns about

2728-583: The many gradations that actually exist. The scale is as follows: The average frequency of marital sex reported by women was 2.8 times a week in the late teens, 2.2 times a week by age 30, and 1.0 times a week by age 50. Kinsey estimated that approximately 50% of all married males had extramarital sex at some time during their married lives. Among the sample, 26% of females had extramarital sex by their forties. Between 1 in 6 and 1 in 10 females from age 26 to 50 were engaged in extramarital sex. However, Kinsey classified couples who have lived together for at least

2790-415: The most successful and influential scientific books of the 20th century. They were also associated with a change in the public perception of sexuality . In the 1960s, following the introduction of the first oral contraceptive , this change was to be expressed in the sexual revolution . Additionally, in 1966 Masters and Johnson would publish the first of two texts, cataloguing their investigations into

2852-402: The original researchers' notes, remains available from the Kinsey Institute to qualified researchers who demonstrate a need to view such materials. The institute also allows researchers to use statistical software in order to analyze the data. Parts of the Kinsey Reports regarding diversity in sexual orientations are frequently used to support the common estimate of 10% for homosexuality in

2914-510: The property, his son the producer, director Cukor and the female stars to his friend and rival Jack L. Warner . Warner Brothers replaced the film's planned male leads with their own Warner Brothers Television contract leads who received no extra money to do the film. Warner Brothers felt that casting these performers would attract their fans to the film, while at the same time pleasing the stars who had requested more interesting and different material than they had at Warners. Efrem Zimbalist Jr

2976-453: The reports could not have been obtained without collaborations with child molesters. The Kinsey Institute denies this charge, though it acknowledges that men who have had sexual experiences with children were interviewed, with Kinsey balancing what he saw as the need for their anonymity to solicit "honest answers on such taboo subjects" against the likelihood that their crimes would continue. Historian Peter Gay described Sexual Behavior in

3038-598: The same statistical tendencies as the rest of the men Kinsey interviewed. The results were summarized by historian, playwright, and gay-rights activist Martin Duberman : "Instead of Kinsey's 37% (men who had at least one homosexual experience), Gebhard and Johnson came up with 36.4%; the 10% figure (men who were "more or less exclusively homosexual for at least three years between the ages of 16 and 55"), with prison inmates excluded, came to 9.9% for white, college-educated males and 12.7% for those with less education. Kinsey himself

3100-432: The sex histories of a given group that had gathered together for reasons other than sex, such as law societies, sororities, or even a small group of hikers. Kinsey would ask the president or leader of the group to agree to an interview, and then that leader's influence would get him an initial batch of volunteers from the group, a second batch who did not want to be seen volunteering but would agree to be interviewed, and then

3162-737: The short-lived ABC/WB Western series, The Dakotas . Duggan was cast on Jack Palance 's ABC circus drama, The Greatest Show on Earth and the NBC medical drama about psychiatry, The Eleventh Hour in the role of Carl Quincy in the 1963 episode entitled "Four Feet in the Morning". He played the over-protective Police Chief Dixon in the 1963 spring break film Palm Springs Weekend , in which he attempts to prevent his daughter from seeing student Jim Munroe ( Troy Donahue ). In 1965, he appeared on David Janssen 's ABC series, The Fugitive . Duggan had recurring roles on CBS's 90-minute Western, Cimarron Strip , and on ABC's The Great Adventure . He had

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3224-491: The study is trying to gather information about any sort of population subgroups, as Kinsey was, the small percentages of the population plus the high rates of refusal may make these subgroups effectively disappear, despite their importance to the study. In the 1950s, psychologist Abraham Maslow stated that Kinsey did not consider " volunteer bias ." The data represented only those volunteering to participate in discussion of taboo topics. Most Americans were reluctant to discuss

3286-426: The treatment of these glimpses at the intimate life sometimes appear more prurient than scientific. And a viewer's emotions rarely, if ever, are fully engaged in following the affairs." Variety magazine anticipated that it would earn theatrical rentals of $ 4 million in the United States and Canada in its annual box office chart for 1962 however, revised this downwards the following year to $ 2.5 million. The film

3348-488: The use of prison populations especially, but had been shot down by Kinsey at the time. ) In 1979, Gebhard (with Alan B. Johnson) published The Kinsey Data: Marginal Tabulations of the 1938–1963 Interviews Conducted by the Institute for Sex Research . Their conclusion, to Gebhard's surprise, was that none of Kinsey's original estimates were significantly affected by this bias: that is, the prison population and male prostitutes had

3410-533: Was rated M in New Zealand for violence and sex scenes, and it was previously rated R18. Andrew Duggan Andrew Duggan (December 28, 1923 – May 15, 1988) was an American character actor . His work includes 185 screen credits between 1949 and 1987 for roles in both film and television, as well a number more on stage. Duggan was born in Franklin, Johnson County, Indiana . During World War II , he served in

3472-445: Was a cultural event of enormous consequence." Only 5,000 copies of Sexual Behavior in the Human Male were initially printed in 1948 and its success surprised the publisher. Prior to the release of the second report in 1953, the first book had sold over 265,000 copies in the United States. Together, the Kinsey Reports sold three-quarters of a million copies and were translated into thirteen languages, and may be considered as some of

3534-421: Was extremely frustrated by the criticisms of his sampling procedures, because he maintained that there was no way to do a successful study about sex using random probability sampling. As Kinsey biographer Jonathan Gathorne-Hardy points out, because of the sensitive nature of a sex study, contacting a truly random sample will garner a very high refusal rate--as modern sex studies using random sampling have shown. If

3596-476: Was first published in Sexual Behavior in the Human Male (1948) by Kinsey, Wardell Pomeroy and others, and was also prominent in the complementary work Sexual Behavior in the Human Female (1953). Introducing the scale, Kinsey wrote: Males do not represent two discrete populations, heterosexual and homosexual. The world is not to be divided into sheep and goats. It is a fundamental of taxonomy that nature rarely deals with discrete categories [...] The living world

3658-451: Was gathered primarily by means of subjective report interviews, conducted according to a structured questionnaire memorized by the experimenters (but not marked on the response sheet in any way). The response sheets were encoded in this way to maintain the confidentiality of the respondents, being entered on a blank grid using response symbols defined in advance. The data were later computerized for processing. All of this material, including

3720-525: Was given top billing over the four female stars, however in posters produced in some overseas countries his name was shifted down in favour of the better known Shelley Winters and Jane Fonda . Andrew Duggan played a character based on Dr. Alfred Kinsey ; Efrem Zimbalist Jr played one of his researchers, who meets and interviews the four women depicted in the film. The leading ladies consist of Shelley Winters as an adulterous middle-aged housewife having an affair with artist Ray Danton ; Jane Fonda as

3782-415: Was not until after she was 21. She cheated on her husband constantly. The marriage ended when he found her with a 20-year-old neighbor. She now wants “to crawl back to the musician.” She attempted suicide after the rape, but swallowed too many pills and threw up. She goes home, calls Dillon and tells him she'll leave the door open. This time, she takes just enough pills. When she is found dead, Dr. Jonas blames

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3844-457: Was originally conceived for 20th Century Fox to attract customers with discussions and depictions of sexual matters that would not be allowed on American television. Darryl F. Zanuck was having problems with Fox during the production of two widescreen epic spectacular films for the studio in Europe, Cleopatra and The Longest Day at the same time. When Fox would not do the film, Zanuck offered

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