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18-661: On the west are the Arakan Mountains , and on the east the Pegu Range , and the face of the country is otherwise broken by low ranges of hills, many of which have no vegetation. The greater part of the district is wooded, and the ranges east and west are covered with forests. The chief river is the Irrawaddy, which traverses Thayet from north to south. Several salt and hot springs exist. The principal wild animals are elephants, rhinoceros, tigers, leopards, black bears and wild hog. During

36-486: A barrier to the southwestern monsoon rains and thus shield the central Myanmar area, making their western slopes extraordinarily wet during the monsoon with typically over 1 metre (39 in) of rain per month, and the eastern slopes much drier. They include the Chin Hills-Arakan Yoma montane forests ecoregion which is home to an elephant population and also the critically endangered Arakan forest turtle which

54-507: A separate political entity. Thus the coastal cities, such as Mrauk U and Waithali , formed the core of Arakan civilization. There were fierce battles in these mountains between January 1943 and March 1944 during the Japanese occupation of Burma . The Japanese 33rd and 55th Divisions faced the British military on the coastal side of the range. The British forces won. The Arakan Mountains act as

72-650: A series of parallel ridges that arc through Assam , Nagaland , Manipur , Mizoram and Myanmar. The Arakan Mountains run from Cape Negrais in the south in to Manipur , India in the north. They include the Naga Hills , the Chin Hills , and the Patkai range which includes the Lushai Hills . The mountain chain is submerged in the Bay of Bengal for a long stretch and emerges again in

90-636: A temperate shrub savanna, with shrub species of Rhododendron , Buddleja , Daphne , Leycesteria , and Lonicera interspersed among tall grasses and herbs including species of Aconitum, Delphinium , Geranium , and Thalictrum . The ecoregion is home to several threatened and endangered mammals, including the hoolock gibbon ( Hylobates hoolock ), tiger ( Panthera tigris ), leopard ( Panthera pardus ), clouded leopard ( Pardofelis nebulosa ), sun bear ( Ursus malayanus ), Eld's deer or thamin ( Cervus eldii ), and gaur ( Bos gaurus ). There are no endemic mammals. Three bird species are endemic to

108-596: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Arakan Mountains The Arakan Mountains , natively referred as Rakhine Yoma ( Burmese : ရခိုင်ရိုးမ ) and technically known as the Southern Indo-Burman Range , are a mountain range in western Myanmar , between the coast of Rakhine State and the Central Myanmar Basin, in which flows the Irrawaddy River . It is the most prominent of

126-639: The Himalayas , as well as many endemic species. The ecoregion covers an area of 29,700 square kilometers (11,500 sq mi), encompassing the montane forests of the Arakan Mountains . The Chin Hills , which cover most of Burma's Chin State , and extend south along the ridge of the Arakan Mountains forms the boundary between Rakhine State on the west and Magway Region , Bago Region , and Ayeyarwady Region to

144-421: The 19th century, the chief products were rice, cotton, oil-seeds and tobacco; cutch was also very abundant, and the manufacture of the dye-stuff was carried on extensively. Three oil-wells were sunk in 1883 at Pedaukpin, but they were found unprofitable and abandoned. On the annexation of Pegu by the British in 1852–53, Thayet (then called Thayetmyo ) was formed into a subdivision of Prome district; and in 1870 it

162-527: The Naga-Patkai foldbelt. The Arakan Mountain Range is over 600 miles (950 km) long, with about 250 miles (400 km) of actual mountains. The highest point in the range is Khonu Msung (or Mount Victoria) at 3,094 metres (10,151 ft). The Arakan Mountains are crossed by a road between Ngape and Minbu and by an all-weather road from Taungup to Pyay on the Irrawaddy. The Arakan Mountains divide

180-598: The Rakhine coast from the rest of Myanmar, and thus have acted as a barrier between the peoples of central Myanmar and those of the Indian subcontinent. This played a role in fostering the separate development of the Rakhine people , both linguistically and culturally, from the Burmese . The Arakan Mountains also served as a barrier inhibiting Burmese invasions, and allowing Arakan to develop as

198-489: The dominant canopy trees. Montane cloud forests occur above 2000 meters elevation. In the transition zone to the lower-elevation mixed broadleaf evergreen forests, the predominant tree species are typical of the Himalayas , including Alnus nepalensis , Betula alnoides , and species of Carpinus , Prunus , Pyrus , and Torreya . At higher elevations, species of Castanea , Cornus , Eriobotrya, Laurus , and Taxus become more common. Epiphytes grow abundantly on

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216-546: The east. The ecoregion is bounded by the Mizoram–Manipur–Kachin rain forests to the west, north, and northeast, and the Irrawaddy moist deciduous forests to the east. Two enclaves of Northeast India–Myanmar pine forests lie immediately to the north. The ecoregion includes Nat Ma Taung (Mount Victoria) in southern Chin State, which rises to 3,109 metres (10,200 ft) above sea level. The plant communities in

234-536: The ecoregion vary with elevation. Lower montane forests occur below 1000 meters elevation. Dominant canopy trees include Bauhinia variegata , Lagerstroemia speciosa , Derris robusta , and species of Ficus , Hibiscus , and Strobilanthes . Lianas drape the mature forests, especially Congea tomentosa and Mucuna pruriens . Mixed evergreen broadleaf forest is predominant between 1000 and 2100 meters elevation. Species of oak (Quercus), Castanopsis , Eugenia , Saurauia , Eriobotrya , and Schima are

252-411: The ecoregion – the striped laughingthrush ( Trochalopteron virgatus ), brown-capped laughingthrush ( Trochalopteron austeni ), and white-browed nuthatch ( Sitta victoriae ). A 2017 assessment found that 1,763 square kilometres (681 sq mi), or 6%, of the ecoregion is in protected areas . Protected areas include Bwe Par Taung National Park and Natmataung National Park . Another 84% of

270-628: The form of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands . The word Arakan is derived from the Sanskrit word Rakshasa (राक्षस) meaning demon , a term used to refer to the inhabitants of the region. The Arakan Mountains and the parallel arcs to the west and east were formed by compression as the Indian Plate collided with the Eurasian Plate approximately along the boundary between India and Myanmar which produced

288-651: The trees in the montane cloud forests, and common epiphytes include species of Aeschynanthus and Agapetes , Rhododendron cuffeanum , aroids , and the orchids Dendrobium and Pleione . The tree Lithocarpus xylocarpus is common between 2,400 and 2,750 meters elevation. Rhododendron arboreum and Quercus semecarpifolia are dominant above 2,750 meters elevation. Above 3000 meters elevation on Nat Ma Taung, shrub forests of Hypericum patulum and Rhododendron burmanicum occur, with herbaceous plants including species of Aconitum , Lactuca , Pedicularis , and Veronica . Some summit ridges are covered in

306-482: Was considered extinct until its rediscovery in 1994. Chin Hills-Arakan Yoma montane forests The Chin Hills-Arakan Yoma montane forests is a tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forest ecoregion in western Myanmar (Burma). Surrounded at lower elevations by moist tropical forests, this ecoregion is home a diverse range of subtropical and temperate species, including many species characteristic of

324-465: Was erected into a separate jurisdiction and placed under a deputy-commissioner. It was formerly in the Irrawaddy division of Lower Burma, but was transferred to Upper Burma for administrative purposes in 1896. In the early 20th century, the area contained the wing of a British battalion and a local regiment. In the 1960s limestone quarries a few miles south of Thayet were developed to supply the town's cement factory. This Myanmar location article

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