18-509: Thaumastocheles Wood-Mason , 1874 Thaumastochelopsis Bruce, 1988 The family Thaumastochelidae contains five known species of deep-sea lobsters , three in the genus Thaumastocheles , and two in the genus Thaumastochelopsis . The fifth species was discovered in the ten–year Census of Marine Life . These creatures are distinguished from other clawed lobsters by their blindness (an adaptation to deep-sea life), and by their single elongated, spiny chela . The family Thaumastochelidae
36-611: A bright violet-blue prothoracic shield, was found in Pegu by a botanist, and was for a moment mistaken by him for a flower. See Proc. Ent. Soc. Lond. , 1878, p. liii. Wallace passed the drawing to Edward Bagnall Poulton , who published it in his 1890 book The Colours of Animals . Wood-Mason was a Fellow of the Royal Entomological Society . In 1888 he became a Fellow of the University of Calcutta . Over 10 marine animals have
54-477: A range of experiments on the colours of polymorphic caterpillars to examine if food, background or other factors are involved in their colour changes. He was able to show that the caterpillars were sensitive to the background colours and that it was perceived even when they were blinded, and was among the earliest to suggest extraocular photoreception. Poulton enlarged the Hope entomological collections with his catches in
72-631: Is now more usually subsumed into the lobster family Nephropidae . The five species are as follows: James Wood-Mason James Wood-Mason (December 1846 – 6 May 1893) was an English zoologist . He was the director of the Indian Museum at Calcutta , after John Anderson . He collected marine animals and lepidoptera , but is best known for his work on two other groups of insects, phasmids (stick insects) and mantises (praying mantises). The genus Woodmasonia Brunner, 1907, and at least ten species of phasmids, are named after him. Wood-Mason
90-940: The Indian Museum. Also in 1887, he became vice-president of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. In 1888 he sailed on the Indian Marine Survey steamship HMS Investigator , working on and later describing new species of Crustacea , along with Alfred William Alcock , who recorded the voyage in his classic natural history book A Naturalist in Indian Seas (1902). For several years he suffered from Bright's disease . On 5 April 1893, unable to work, he left India for England, but died at sea on 6 May 1893. Wood-Mason gave his flower mantis drawing to Alfred Russel Wallace , who wrote in his 1889 book Darwinism : A beautiful drawing of this rare insect, Hymenopus bicornis (in
108-508: The Malay peninsula and Fiji. His naming of Cotylosoma dipneusticum (Wood-Mason, 1878) is particularly curious as he never formally described the species; it was wrongly imagined to be semi-aquatic; it was "described with what is probably the least precise measurement ever used for a phasmid", namely ""between three and four inches in length"; and he gave its locality as Borneo , when in fact it came from Fiji . In 1887 he became Superintendent of
126-474: The anti-Darwinian entomologist John Obadiah Westwood , graduating with a first-class degree in natural science. He maintained an unbroken connection with the college for seventy years as scholar, lecturer and Fellow (appointed to a fellowship in 1898) until his death. He was a generous benefactor to Jesus College, providing silver for the high table and redecorating the Old Bursary amongst other donations. He
144-614: The field which earned him the nickname of "Bag-all" Poulton. Many of the specimens are unmounted and held in biscuit tins. In his 1896 book Charles Darwin and the Theory of Natural Selection , Poulton described Darwin's On the Origin of Species as "incomparably the greatest work" that the biological sciences had seen. Critics of natural selection, Poulton contended, had not taken the time to understand it. Poulton, along with Julian Huxley , J.B.S. Haldane , R.A. Fisher and E.B. Ford , promoted
162-672: The grounds that " Mendelism " was an obstacle to evolutionary thought; but he changed his mind and came to support the work of the Genetical Society. Poulton's Presidential Address to the British Association in 1937 at the age of 81 reviewed the history of evolutionary thought. He stated that the work of J.B.S. Haldane , R.A. Fisher and Julian Huxley was vitally important for showing the relationships between Mendelism and natural selection. The observations and experiments of many biologists had "immensely strengthened and confirmed"
180-455: The idea of natural selection throughout the period of the eclipse of Darwinism , when it was denigrated. There was a long debate between Poulton and the geneticist Reginald Punnett , one of Bateson 's disciples. Punnett's 1915 Mimicry in Butterflies rejected selection as the main cause of mimicry , while Poulton supported it. Further, Poulton's 1908 Essays on Evolution opposed genetics on
198-430: The nymph or active pupa state), was kindly sent me by Mr. Wood-Mason, Curator of the Indian Museum at Calcutta . A species, very similar to it, inhabits Java , where it is said to resemble a pink orchid. Other Mantidae, of the genus Gongylus , have the anterior part of the thorax dilated and coloured either white, pink, or purple; and they so closely resemble flowers that, according to Mr. Wood-Mason, one of them, having
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#1732876307250216-637: The researches on mimicry and warning colours of pioneers like Bates , Wallace , Meldola , Trimen and Müller . Poulton lived with his family at 56 Banbury Road in North Oxford , a large Victorian Gothic house designed by John Gibbs and built in 1866. In 1881, he married Emily Palmer (d.1939), daughter of George Palmer , Member of Parliament for Reading and head of Huntley and Palmer 's biscuit company; they had five children. Three of them were dead by 1919. Their eldest son Dr Edward Palmer Poulton of Guy's Hospital died in 1939, meaning that Sir Edward
234-511: The specific name woodmasoni in his honour, including several described by Alcock of the Investigator : Heterocarpus woodmasoni , Coryphaenoides woodmasoni , Thalamita woodmasoni , and Rectopalicus woodmasoni . Two species of snake are named in his honour: Oligodon woodmasoni and Uropeltis woodmasoni . Edward Bagnall Poulton Sir Edward Bagnall Poulton , FRS HFRSE FLS (27 January 1856 – 20 November 1943)
252-589: The term aposematism for warning coloration. He became Hope Professor of Zoology at the University of Oxford in 1893. Edward Poulton was born in Reading, Berkshire on 27 January 1856, the son of the architect William Ford Poulton and his wife, Georgina Sabrina Bagnall. He was educated at Oakley House School in Reading, which he described as having mainly nonconformist pupils. Between 1873 and 1876, Poulton studied at Jesus College, Oxford under George Rolleston and
270-476: Was a British evolutionary biologist , a lifelong advocate of natural selection through a period in which many scientists such as Reginald Punnett doubted its importance. He invented the term sympatric for evolution of species in the same place, and in his book The Colours of Animals (1890) was the first to recognise frequency-dependent selection . He is remembered for his pioneering work on animal coloration and camouflage , and in particular for inventing
288-705: Was born in Gloucestershire, England, where his father was a doctor. He was educated at Charterhouse School and Queen's College, Oxford . He went out to India in 1869 to work in the Indian Museum, Calcutta , which in 2008 still housed his collection of insects. In 1872 he sailed to the Andaman Islands , mostly studying marine animals, but also collecting and later describing two new phasmids , Bacillus hispidulus and Bacillus westwoodii . Wood-Mason described 24 new species of phasmids, mostly from South Asia but also some from Australia, New Britain, Madagascar,
306-476: Was knighted by King George V in 1935. Poulton died in Oxford on 20 November 1943. Poulton was a Darwinist , believing in natural selection as the primary force in evolution. His 1890 book, The Colours of Animals , introduced the concepts of frequency-dependent selection and aposematic coloration , as well as supporting Darwin's then unpopular theories of natural selection and sexual selection . He conducted
324-527: Was outlived only by his daughter Margaret Lucy (1887–1965), wife of Dr Maxwell Garnett. Poulton's son, Ronald Poulton-Palmer played international rugby for England and was killed in May 1915 in World War I . His first daughter Hilda married Dr Ernest Ainsley-Walker and died in 1917. His youngest daughter, Janet Palmer, married Charles Symonds in 1915 and died in 1919. Poulton is remembered as an early originator of
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