88-661: The Thames–Clyde Express was a named express passenger train operating on the Midland Main Line , Settle-Carlisle Railway and the Glasgow South Western Line between London St Pancras and Glasgow St Enoch . Following the closure of St Enoch station in 1966, the service ran to Glasgow Central instead. In September 1927, the London Midland & Scottish Railway gave the name to its morning services departing from London St Pancras and Glasgow St Enoch. After
176-550: A 1 in 119 gradient from the south over 3 miles (4.8 km) takes the line to 340 feet (104 m) above sea level. This route opened for coal traffic on 15 April 1857, goods on 4 May, and passengers on 8 May. The section between Leicester and Bedford is still part of the Midland Main Line. While this took some of the pressure off the route through Rugby, the GNR insisted that passengers for London alight at Hitchin, buying tickets in
264-660: A 68% year-on-year increase. In 2017, Nottingham came seventh in Harper Dennis Hobbes's Top 50 British Centres, behind the West End of London , Glasgow , Birmingham , Manchester , Leeds and Liverpool . The Bridlesmith Gate area has numerous designer shops, one being the original Paul Smith boutique. There are various specialist shops and small businesses in side streets and alleys: notable streets include Poultry Walk, West End Arcade and Hurts Yard and Derby Road (the latter once known for antiques). Smaller shopping areas in
352-560: A distance." During the Industrial Revolution , much of Nottingham's prosperity was founded on the textile industry ; in particular, the city became an internationally important centre of lace manufacture. In 1831 citizens rioted in protest against the Duke of Newcastle 's opposition to the Reform Act 1832 , setting fire to his residence on the site of Nottingham Castle. In common with
440-575: A letter from the prime minister, the Marquess of Salisbury to the mayor, dated 18 June 1897. Nottingham was extended in 1933 by adding Bilborough and Wollaton , parts of the parishes of Bestwood Park and Colwick , and a recently developed part of the Beeston Urban District . A further boundary extension was granted in 1951 when Clifton and Wilford (south of the River Trent) were incorporated into
528-529: A list of 20 Cities of Literature. The title reflects Nottingham's literary heritage, with Lord Byron , D. H. Lawrence and Alan Sillitoe having links to the city, as well as a contemporary literary community, a publishing industry and a poetry scene. The city is served by three universities: the University of Nottingham , Nottingham Trent University and the Nottingham campus of the University of Law ; it hosts
616-736: A number of independent schools. The city's oldest educational establishment is Nottingham High School , which was founded in 1513. The city contains several notable museums including: In 2015, the National Videogame Arcade was opened in the Hockley area of the city; being "the UK's first cultural centre for videogames". It was announced in June 2018 that the arcade was soon to close and relocate to Sheffield city centre, where it reopened in November 2018 as
704-677: A population of 768,638. It is the largest urban area in the East Midlands and the second-largest in the Midlands. Its Functional Urban Area, the largest in the East Midlands, has a population of 919,484. The population of the Nottingham/ Derby metropolitan area is estimated to be 1,610,000. The metropolitan economy of Nottingham is the seventh-largest in the United Kingdom with a GDP of $ 50.9 billion (2014). Aside from Birmingham, it
792-652: A result of subsidence-induced speed restrictions. From there, the train ran non-stop to Carlisle (arrival 16.38). Three more stops were made at Annan , Dumfries , and Kilmarnock before reaching Glasgow, St Enoch at 19.05. The rival Royal Scot on the West Coast route stopped only twice and took seven hours, twenty minutes. However, the Thames–Clyde provided a useful service from the East Midlands and Yorkshire to Scotland . In 1964, The Waverley ceased to run during
880-501: A shortage of labour and finance, and only £900,000 (equivalent to £108,448,661 in 2023) was available for the construction, approximately £15,000 for each mile (equivalent to £1,807,478 in 2023. To reduce construction costs, the railway followed natural contours, resulting in many curves and gradients. Seven bridges and one tunnel were required, with 60 ft (18 m) cuttings at Desborough and Sharnbrook. There are also major summits at Kibworth, Desbrough and at Sharnbrook where
968-480: A temperature of 30 °C (86 °F) is recorded at least 1 day per year at Watnall for the period of 1991–2020, and the warmest day of the year reaches an average of 30.0 °C (86.0 °F). For the period 1991–2020 Nottingham (Watnall) recorded on average 36.9 days of air frost per year, and Sutton Bonington 42.2. The lowest recorded temperature in Nottingham (Watnall) is −13.3 °C (8.1 °F) recorded in 23 January 1963 and 13 January 1987 , whilst
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#17330862821901056-599: A temperature of −17.8 °C (0.0 °F) was recorded in Sutton Bonington on 24 February 1947 . The record-low maximum temperature is −6.3 °C (20.7 °F) recorded in January 1963 . For the period of 1991–2020, the coldest temperature of the year reaches an average of −5.5 °C (22.1 °F) in Nottingham (Watnall). The city centre of Nottingham is usually defined as the Old Market Square . The square
1144-461: A twice hourly commuter service from London St Pancras to Corby , which is branded as EMR Connect, using Class 360 Desiro electric trains. Thameslink provides frequent, 24-hour commuter services south of Bedford as part of its Thameslink route to London Bridge , Gatwick Airport , Brighton , and Sutton , using 8-car and 12-car electric Class 700 trains. CrossCountry runs an hourly service between Derby and Sheffield on its route between
1232-453: Is a major railway line from London to Sheffield in Yorkshire via the East Midlands . It comprises the lines from London's St Pancras station via Leicester , Derby / Nottingham and Chesterfield . Express passenger services on the line are operated by East Midlands Railway (EMR). The line is electrified between St Pancras and Corby, and the section south of Bedford forms a branch of
1320-447: Is also in the area; it was built in the 1970s on the demolished Victoria railway station site. All that remains of the old station is the station hotel and clock tower. The 250-foot-high Victoria Centre flats stand above the shopping centre and are the tallest buildings in the city . The Lace Market area just south of Hockley has streets with four- to seven-storey red brick warehouses, iron railings and red phone boxes . Many of
1408-534: Is also the home of two professional football teams: Notts County , recognised as the world's oldest professional league club, and Nottingham Forest , famously two-time winners of the UEFA European Cup under Brian Clough and Peter Taylor in 1979 and 1980 . The city has professional rugby, ice hockey and cricket teams; it also hosts the Aegon Nottingham Open , an international tennis tournament on
1496-499: Is back on the political agenda and there is now pressure on the green belt which surrounds the city. Nottingham City Council is a unitary authority , and is based at Loxley House on Station Street. It consists of 55 councillors , representing 20 wards , who are elected every four years; the last elections being held on 2 May 2019 . The council is independent of Nottinghamshire County Council but work with them for local developments and other matters. Nottingham, though, remains
1584-560: Is dominated by the Council House , which was built in the 1920s to replace the Nottingham Exchange . The Council House has baroque columns and two stone lion statues in the front to stand watch over the square. The Exchange Arcade , on the ground floor, is a shopping centre. Tall office buildings line Maid Marian Way. The Georgian area around Oxford and Regent Streets is dominated by small professional firms. The Albert Hall faces
1672-531: Is expected to cost £1.3 billion. In November 2021 the Government announced its Integrated Rail Plan for the North and Midlands which made a number of proposals for the Midland Main Line. These included a commitment to complete the stalled electrification work, an upgrade to digital signalling, and a connection to High Speed 2 . The latter would see a junction built south of East Midlands Parkway station rather than
1760-703: Is first recorded in print in 1848 in Bradshaw's railway almanack of that year. In 1849 it begins to be mentioned regularly in newspapers such as the Derby Mercury . In 1867, the Birmingham Journal uses the term to describe the new railway running into St Pancras railway station . In 1868, the term was used to describe the Midland Railway main route from North to South through Sheffield and also on routes to Manchester, Leeds and Carlisle. Under British Rail
1848-538: Is no longer considered part of the Midland Main Line : see Manchester, Buxton, Matlock and Midlands Junction Railway Nottingham Nottingham ( / ˈ n ɒ t ɪ ŋ ə m / NOT -ing-əm , locally / ˈ n ɒ t n ʊ m / ) is a city and unitary authority area in Nottinghamshire , East Midlands , England. It is located 33 miles (53 km) south-east of Sheffield and 45 miles (72 km) north-east of Birmingham . Nottingham
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#17330862821901936-459: Is the legendary home of Robin Hood and to the lace -making, bicycle and tobacco industries. The city is also the county town of Nottinghamshire and the settlement was granted its city charter in 1897, as part of Queen Victoria 's Diamond Jubilee celebrations. In the 2021 Census , Nottingham had a reported population of 323,632. The wider conurbation, which includes many of the city's suburbs, has
2024-509: Is the only city in the Midlands to be ranked as a sufficiency-level world city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network . Nottingham is a major sporting centre and, in October 2015, was named 'Home of English Sport'. The National Ice Centre , Holme Pierrepont National Water Sports Centre and Trent Bridge international cricket ground are all based in or around the city, which
2112-493: Is to be expanded. Ilkeston between Nottingham and Langley Mill was opened on 2 April 2017. Two new stations are planned: Some new stations have been proposed: Unlike the West Coast and East Coast Main Lines, the Midland Main Line has not been electrified along its full length. The line was electrified as far as Bedford in the early 1980s, but services relied on diesel traction beyond that. In 2011 work commenced to extend
2200-685: The Beeching era , the lines to Buxton and via Millers Dale during most years presented an alternate (and competing) main line from London to Manchester, carrying named expresses such as The Palatine and the " Blue Pullman " diesel powered Manchester – London service (the Midland Pullman ). Express trains to Leeds and Scotland such as the Thames–Clyde Express mainly used the Midland's corollary Erewash Valley line , returned to it, and then used
2288-687: The Buxton line who sought to monopolise on the West Coast Main Line . In 1870, the Midland Railway opened a new route from Chesterfield to Rotherham which went through Sheffield via the Bradway Tunnel . The mid-1870s, saw the Midland line extended northwards through the Yorkshire Dales and Eden Valley on what is now called the Settle–Carlisle Railway . Before the line closures of
2376-565: The First Division , four League Cups , a UEFA Super Cup and two European Cups . During this time Forest signed Trevor Francis , Britain's first £1 million footballer, who joined the club in February 1979 from Birmingham City . The city was the site of race riots in 1958 , centred on the St Ann's neighbourhood. During the second half of the 20th century Nottingham saw urban growth with
2464-481: The Gothic revival St Barnabas' Roman Catholic Cathedral by Pugin . Nottingham Castle and its grounds are located further south in the western third of the city. The central third descends from the university district in the north, past Nottingham Trent University 's Gothic revival Arkwright Building. The university also owns many other buildings in this area. The Theatre Royal on Theatre Square, with its pillared façade,
2552-537: The Settle–Carlisle line . Expresses to Edinburgh Waverley , such as The Waverley travelled through Corby and Nottingham. Most Leicester-Nottingham local passenger trains were taken over by diesel units from 14 April 1958, taking about 51 minutes between the two cities. When the Great Central Main Line closed in 1966, the Midland Main Line became the only direct main-line rail link between London and
2640-531: The University of Law and the University of Nottingham ; in the 2016/17 academic year, Trent University was attended by 29,370 students and Nottingham University by 32,515. The University of Nottingham Medical School is part of the Queen's Medical Centre . There are three colleges of further education located in Nottingham: Bilborough College is solely a sixth form college ; Nottingham College
2728-656: The West Midlands Trains ' Crewe – London Euston services, to cater for the growing commuter market. North Northamptonshire is a major growth area, with over 7,400 new homes planned to be built in Wellingborough and 5,500 new homes planned for Kettering. Highlights include: The Thameslink Programme has lengthened the platforms at most stations south of Bedford to 12-car capability. St Pancras, Cricklewood, Hendon, and Luton Airport Parkway were already long enough, but bridges at Kentish Town mean it cannot expand beyond
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2816-588: The modern Welsh name for Nottingham, and in English as the City of Caves . The English name of Nottingham is Anglo-Saxon in origin. A Saxon chieftain named Snot ruled an area known as Snotingaham in Old English ; the homestead of Snot's people ( -inga = 'the people of'; -ham = 'homestead'). Some authors derive Nottingham from Snottenga (caves) and ham (homestead) but "this has nothing to do with
2904-577: The ATP and WTA tours. This accolade came just over a year after Nottingham was named as the UK's first City of Football . The city is served by Nottingham railway station and the Nottingham Express Transit tram system; its bus company, Nottingham City Transport , is the largest publicly owned bus network in England. In December 2015, Nottingham was named a ' City of Literature ' by UNESCO , joining
2992-818: The American credit card company Capital One ; the national law firm Browne Jacobson ; and Earache Records , an independent music company founded by local resident Digby Pearson , based on Handel Street in Sneinton . Nottingham also has offices of Nottingham Building Society (established 1849); HM Revenue & Customs ; the Driving Standards Agency ; Ofsted ; the Care Quality Commission and BBC East Midlands . The schools and aerial photographers, H Tempest Ltd, were Nottingham-based for many years, until relocating to St Ives, Cornwall January 1959. Nottingham
3080-498: The East Midlands and parts of South Yorkshire . The Beeching cuts and electrification of the West Coast Main Line brought an end to the marginally longer London–Manchester service via Sheffield . In 1977, the Parliamentary Select Committee on Nationalised Industries recommended considering electrification of more of Britain's rail network , and by 1979 BR presented a range of options that included electrifying
3168-680: The English form". Nottingham Castle was constructed in 1068 on a sandstone outcrop by the River Leen . The early history of Nottingham dates back to 919 A.D. where King Edward the Elder captured Nottingham to which he built a fortress on the southern bank of the river Trent in 921 A.D. During the Norman Conquest King William the Conqueror built a castle in Nottingham which was entrusted to William Peverel . The Anglo-Saxon settlement
3256-558: The London extension cost £9 million (equivalent to £1023 million in 2023). As traffic built up, the Midland Railway opened a new deviation just north of Market Harborough railway station on 26 June 1885 to remove the flat crossing of the Rugby and Stamford Railway . Plans by the Midland Railway to build a direct line from Derby to Manchester were thwarted in 1863 by the builders of
3344-666: The Midland Main Line are rising faster than the national average, with continued increases predicted. In 2006, the Strategic Rail Authority produced a Route Utilisation Strategy for the Midland Main Line to propose ways of meeting this demand; Network Rail started a new study in February 2008 and this was published in February 2010. After electrification, the North Northamptonshire towns (Wellingborough, Kettering, and Corby) are planned to have an additional 'Outer Suburban service' into London St Pancras, similar to
3432-651: The Midland Main Line from London to Yorkshire by 2000. By 1983, the line had been electrified from Moorgate to Bedford, but proposals to continue electrification to Nottingham and Sheffield were not implemented. The introduction of the High Speed Train ( HST ) in May 1983, following the Leicester area resignalling, brought about an increase of the ruling line speed on the fast lines from 90 miles per hour (145 km/h) to 110 miles per hour (177 km/h). Between 2001 and 2003,
3520-574: The Midland Railway relied upon a junction at Rugby with the London and Birmingham Railway line for access to the capital at London Euston . By the 1850s, the junction at Rugby had become severely congested. The Midland Railway employed Thomas Brassey to construct a new route from Leicester to Hitchin via Kettering , Wellingborough , and Bedford giving access to London via the Great Northern Railway from Hitchin. The Crimean War resulted in
3608-934: The National Videogame Museum. Nottingham is the East Midlands' largest economy. The headquarters of several large companies are based in the city: these include Alliance Boots (formerly Boots the Chemists ); Chinook Sciences; GM (cricket bats); Pedigree Petfoods ; VF Corporation (American clothing); Changan Automobile (Chinese-made automobiles); the credit reference agency Experian ; energy company E.ON Energy UK ; betting company Gala Bingo ; amusement and gambling machine manufacturer Bell-Fruit-Games; engineering company Siemens ; sportswear manufacturers Speedo ; high-street opticians Vision Express and Specsavers ; games and publishing company Games Workshop ; PC software developer Serif Europe (publisher of PagePlus and other titles); web hosting provider Heart Internet ;
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3696-553: The Nottingham urban district extends into Derbyshire where Ilkeston and Long Eaton are administered by Erewash Borough Council , and Ripley by Amber Valley . To the north, Hucknall is governed by Ashfield District Council , while in the east Arnold and Carlton form part of the Borough of Gedling . South of the river, the town of West Bridgford lies in Rushcliffe , as do the outlying villages of Ruddington and Tollerton and
3784-607: The South West and North East, and twice-hourly services between Nottingham and Derby, continuing to Birmingham and Cardiff. Northern runs an hourly service from Leeds to Nottingham via Barnsley and Alfreton. TransPennine Express also operates in the Sheffield area. The cities, towns and villages served by the MML are listed below. Stations in bold have a high usage. This table includes the historical extensions to Manchester (where it linked to
3872-593: The UK textile industry, Nottingham's textile sector fell into decline in the decades following the Second World War . Little textile manufacture now takes place in Nottingham; however, many of the former industrial buildings in the Lace Market district have been restored and put to new uses. Nottingham was one of the boroughs reformed by the Municipal Corporations Act 1835 , and at that time consisted of
3960-673: The UK. However, the title was restored in September 1949 as part of the post-war return to normality. The effect of regional division, mining subsidence along part of the route between Trent and Leeds , and underpowered locomotives meant that its performance was actually inferior in time to that achieved in 1939. In 1962, the Thames–Clyde took eight hours and 50 minutes for the complete journey, leaving London at 10.15, and then calling first at Leicester London Road at 11.52. Further stops were made at Trent and Chesterfield, before reaching Sheffield Midland station at 13.19 and Leeds City at 14.25 - so this latter stage of 39 miles took over an hour as
4048-482: The United Kingdom, Nottingham has a temperate oceanic climate ( Köppen : Cfb) and experiences warm mild summers and mild to cool winters with abundant precipitation throughout the year. There are two weather-reporting stations close to Nottingham: the former "Nottingham Weather Centre", at Watnall , about 6 miles (10 km) northwest of the city centre; and the University of Nottingham 's agricultural campus at Sutton Bonington , about 10 miles (16 km) southwest of
4136-582: The West Coast Main Line) and Carlisle (via Leeds where it meets with the 'modern' East Coast Main Line). Network Rail groups all lines in the East Midlands and the route north as far as Chesterfield and south to London as route 19. The actual line extends beyond this into routes 10 and 11. Major civil engineering structures on the Midland Main Line include the following. Line-side train monitoring equipment includes hot axle box detectors (HABD) and wheel impact load detectors (WILD) ‘Wheelchex’, these are located as follows. For marketing and franchising, this
4224-487: The buildings have been converted into apartments, bars and restaurants. The largest building in the Lace Market is the Adams Building , built by Thomas Chambers Hine for Thomas Adams (1807–1873), and currently used by Nottingham College . The Georgian-built Shire Hall, which was once Nottingham's main court and prison building, is now home to the National Justice Museum (formerly the "Galleries of Justice"). Ye Olde Trip To Jerusalem (the Trip), partially built into
4312-433: The castle during medieval times. There are also caves beneath the Salutation that date back to the medieval period, although they are no longer used as beer cellars. The Bell Inn is probably the oldest of the three pub buildings still standing, according to dendrochronology , and has medieval cellars that are still used to store beer. Almost 62,000 students attend the city's three universities, Nottingham Trent University ,
4400-409: The castle on the hill opposite and was the French borough supporting the Normans in the castle. Eventually, the space between was built on as the town grew and the Old Market Square became the focus of Nottingham several centuries later. Defences consisted initially of a ditch and bank in the early 12th century. The ditch was later widened, in the mid-13th century, and a stone wall built around much of
4488-457: The cave system beneath Nottingham Castle, is a contender for the title of England's Oldest Pub, as it is supposed to have been established in 1189. The Bell Inn in the Old Market Square, and Ye Olde Salutation Inn (the Salutation) in Maid Marian Way have both disputed this claim. The Trip's current timber building probably dates back to the 17th or 18th century, but the caves are certainly older and may have been used to store beer and water for
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#17330862821904576-428: The city centre. The highest temperature recorded in Nottingham (Watnall) stands at 39.8 °C (103.6 °F), whilst Sutton Bonington recorded a temperature of 39.4 °C (102.9 °F), both recorded on 19 July 2022 , and the record-high minimum temperature is 20.3 °C (68.5 °F) recorded on 20 July 2022. On average, a temperature of 25 °C (77 °F) or above is recorded on 11 days per year, whilst
4664-513: The city, native wildlife includes red fox , peregrine falcon and common kingfisher . Notable nature reserves around the city include Attenborough Nature Reserve SSSI, Sherwood Forest National Nature Reserve, Holme Pit SSSI, Fairham Brook Local Wildlife Site and Wollaton Park . Due to its position as a central city with strong transport links, Nottingham has become home to invasive animal and plant species including rose-ringed parakeet , Japanese knotweed and Himalayan balsam . In 2017 it
4752-658: The city, these areas are governed by a two tier system of local government. Nottinghamshire County Council is based at the county hall. It provides the upper tier of local government whilst the lower tier is split into several district or borough councils. The County Council are responsible for Health, Social Care, Education, Highways, Transport, Libraries and Trading Standards, whilst the lower tier councils are responsible for local planning, neighbourhood services, housing, licensing, environmental health and leisure facilities. The towns of Beeston , Stapleford and Eastwood are administered by Broxtowe Borough Council . Further west still,
4840-461: The city. Electric trams were introduced to the city in 1901; they served the city for 35 years until 1936. Trams were reintroduced after 68 years when a new network opened in 2004. In the sporting world, Nottingham is home to the world's oldest professional football club, Notts County , which was formed in 1862. The town's other football club, Nottingham Forest , had a period of success between 1977 and 1993 under manager Brian Clough , winning
4928-499: The county town of Nottinghamshire even though the county hall is in the neighbouring town of West Bridgford where the county council is based. The city also has a Lord Mayor who is selected by city councillors from among themselves. The position is largely ceremonial but the Lord Mayor also acts as Chair of Full Council meetings. The City of Nottingham's boundaries are tightly drawn and exclude several suburbs and towns that are usually considered part of Greater Nottingham . Unlike
5016-502: The current 8-car platform length. West Hampstead Thameslink has a new footbridge and a new station building. In September 2014 the current Thameslink Great Northern franchise was awarded and trains on this route are currently operated by Thameslink . In 2018 the Thameslink network expanded when some Southern services merged into it. In 2013/14 Nottingham station was refurbished and the platforms restructured. As part of Wellingborough's Stanton Cross development, Wellingborough station
5104-435: The development of new public and private housing estates and new urban centres, which have engulfed former rural villages such as Bilborough, Wollaton, Gedling and Bramcote. South of the river there has also been expansion with new areas such as Edwalton and West Bridgford, adding to Nottingham's urban sprawl . Although this growth slowed towards the end of the century, the modern pressures for more affordable and council housing
5192-453: The electrification, including to both Corby and Nottingham. Increasing costs initially saw this terminated at Kettering in 2017, but in 2021 work began on extending electrification to Market Harborough with plans to extend further to Sheffield. In May 2022, a briefing to contractors was released ahead of an invitation to tender for Midland Mainline Electrification project work to extend electrification to Nottingham and Sheffield. This scheme
5280-421: The filming location of Saturday Night and Sunday Morning , was demolished in 2003 to make way for the University of Nottingham Jubilee Campus 's expansion. In 2015, Nottingham was ranked in the top 10 UK cities for job growth (from 2004 to 2013), in the public and private sectors. and in the same year, it was revealed that more new companies were started in Nottingham in 2014–15 than in any other UK city, with
5368-407: The highest concentration of higher education providers in the East Midlands . A community existed in what is now Nottingham's city centre before the Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain . This community was recorded under the name Tigguo Cobauc ( Brythonic : Tig Guocobauc ) by the ninth century cleric Asser , in his work The Life of King Alfred . This original name survives as Y Tŷ Ogofog ,
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#17330862821905456-456: The late 18th century was the German traveller C. P. Moritz , who wrote in 1782, "Of all the towns I have seen outside London, Nottingham is the loveliest and neatest. Everything had a modern look, and a large space in the centre was hardly less handsome than a London square. A charming footpath leads over the fields to the highway, where a bridge spans the Trent. … Nottingham … with its high houses, red roofs and church steeples, looks excellent from
5544-480: The late medieval period Nottingham alabasters were exported as far afield as Iceland, and may be one reason why a small number of Icelandic immigrants lived in Nottingham during the 15th century. The town became a county corporate in 1449 giving it effective self-government, in the words of the charter, "for eternity". The Castle and Shire Hall were expressly excluded and remained as detached Parishes of Nottinghamshire . One of those highly impressed by Nottingham in
5632-429: The legends of Robin Hood , Nottingham Castle is the scene of the final showdown between the Sheriff and the hero outlaw. King John of England (formerly Prince John) visited Nottingham in 1199 and 1202. Later King Henry III of England held a court in Nottingham. By the 15th century Nottingham had established itself as a centre of a thriving export trade in religious sculpture made from Nottingham alabaster . During
5720-608: The line between Derby and Sheffield was upgraded from 100 miles per hour (161 km/h) to 110 miles per hour (177 km/h) as part of Operation Princess, the Network Rail funded CrossCountry route upgrade. In January 2009, a new station, East Midlands Parkway , was opened between Loughborough and Trent Junction, to act as a park-and-ride station for suburban travellers from East Midlands cities and to serve nearby East Midlands Airport . Since then, 125 miles per hour (201 km/h) running has been introduced on extended stretches. Improved signalling, increased number of tracks, and
5808-462: The line. The Midland Main Line is undergoing a major upgrade of new digital signalling and full line electrification from London to Sheffield. High Speed 2 was planned to branch onto the Midland Main Line at East Midlands Parkway railway station . The Midland Main Line was built in stages between the 1830s and the 1870s. The earliest section was opened by the Midland Counties Railway between Nottingham and Derby on 4 June 1839. On 5 May 1840
5896-419: The northern half of the Thameslink network , with a semi-fast service to Brighton and other suburban services. A northern part of the route, between Derby and Chesterfield, also forms part of the Cross Country Route operated by CrossCountry . Tracks from Nottingham to Leeds via Barnsley and Sheffield are shared with Northern . East Midlands Railway also operates regional and local services using parts of
5984-451: The parishes of St Mary, St Nicholas and St Peter. It was expanded in 1877 by adding the parishes of Basford , Brewhouse Yard, Bulwell , Radford , Sneinton , Standard Hill, and parts of the parishes of West Bridgford , Carlton , Wilford (North Wilford). In 1889 Nottingham became a county borough under the Local Government Act 1888 . City status was awarded as part of the Diamond Jubilee celebrations of Queen Victoria, being signified in
6072-420: The parliamentary constituency boundaries do not align with the boundaries of the council districts of which they share their name. Nottingham is situated on an area of low hills along the lower valley of the River Trent , and is surrounded by the Sherwood Forest in the north, the Nottinghamshire, Derbyshire and Yorkshire Coalfield in the west, and the Trent and Belvoir Vales in the east and south. Within
6160-408: The perimeter of the town. A short length of the wall survives, and is visible at the northern end of Maid Marian Way, and is protected as a Scheduled Monument. On the return of King Richard the Lionheart from the Crusades in 1194, the castle was occupied by supporters of Prince John , including the Sheriff of Nottingham . It was besieged by Richard and, after a sharp conflict, was captured. In
6248-417: The previous plan of an East Midlands Hub further north on the Toton sidings. This will allow HS2 services to connect to both Derby and Nottingham city centres directly using the MML for access, which was a criticism of the previous HS2 eastern leg proposal. The term Midland Main Line has been used from the late 1840s to describe any route of the Midland Railway on which express trains were operated. It
6336-567: The revival of proposals to extend electrification from Bedford to Sheffield are underway. Much of this £70 million upgrade, including some line-speed increases, came online on 9 December 2013 (see below). Network Rail published a Route Utilisation Strategy for freight in 2007; over the coming years a cross-country freight route will be developed enhancing the Birmingham to Peterborough Line , increasing capacity through Leicester, and remodelling Syston and Wigston junctions. Traffic levels on
6424-575: The section of the route from Trent Junction to Leicester was opened. The line at Derby was joined on 1 July 1840 by the North Midland Railway to Leeds Hunslet Lane via Chesterfield , Rotherham Masborough , Swinton , and Normanton . On 10 May 1844 the North Midland Railway , the Midland Counties Railway and the Birmingham and Derby Junction Railway merged to form the Midland Railway . Without its own route to London,
6512-502: The service continued to run until 1976. Allen, Cecil J. (1953). Titled Trains of Great Britain (3rd ed.). London: Ian Allan Ltd. Allen, Cecil J. ; Cooper, B. K. (1983). Titled Trains of Great Britain (6th ed.). London: Ian Allan Ltd. ISBN 0-7110-1309-8 . OCLC 12277153 . Midland Main Line The Midland Main Line ( MML ), sometimes also spelt Midland Mainline ,
6600-639: The service was speeded up in 1932, trains departed Glasgow at 09:30 and London at 10:00. There was a similar service running between London St Pancras and Edinburgh Waverley which was known as the Thames–Forth Express, renamed The Waverley by British Railways in 1957. Starting from St Pancras , the Thames–Clyde Express travelled by the former Midland Railway 's main line through Leicester, sometimes with reversals when serving Derby and Nottingham, as far as Leeds. After another reversal there,
6688-547: The short time available, to catch a GNR train to finish their journey. James Allport arranged a seven-year deal with the GN to run into Kings Cross for a guaranteed £20,000 a year (equivalent to £2,410,000 in 2023). Through services to London were introduced in February 1858. This line met with similar capacity problems at Hitchin as the former route via Rugby, so a new line was constructed from Bedford via Luton to St Pancras which opened on 1 October 1868. The construction of
6776-446: The target sectors of their economic development strategy would include low-carbon technologies; digital media ; life sciences ; financial and business services; and retail and leisure. The city formerly had a major bicycle manufacturing industry sector. Raleigh Bicycle Company was established in 1886 and Sturmey-Archer , the developer of three-speed hub gears, was also founded in the city. Raleigh's factory on Triumph Road, famous as
6864-504: The term was used to define the route between St Pancras and Sheffield, but since then, Network Rail has restricted it in its description of Route 19 to the lines between St. Pancras and Chesterfield. The principal operator is East Midlands Railway , which operates four InterCity trains every hour from London St Pancras with two trains per hour to both Nottingham and Sheffield . EMR use Class 222 Meridian trains in various carriage formations for its InterCity services. EMR also operate
6952-477: The town of Bingham . Nottingham has three UK parliamentary constituency seats within its boundaries. Nottingham North has been represented since 2017 by Labour Member of Parliament (MP) Alex Norris , Nottingham East since 2019 by Labour MP Nadia Whittome and Nottingham South since 2010 by Labour MP Lilian Greenwood . Each of the outer districts (Broxtowe, Ashfield, Gedling and Rushcliffe) are also parliamentary constituencies in their own right although
7040-471: The train crossed the Pennines to the scenic Settle-Carlisle route, still on former Midland Railway territory. Crossing into Scotland, the train used the former Glasgow and South Western Railway 's Glasgow South Western Line into Glasgow St Enoch, the city's G&SWR terminus. The train could not compete for London-to-Scotland traffic with the faster trains travelling on the West Coast Main Line . Its route
7128-505: The winter, and so additional coaches for Edinburgh were carried on the Thames–Clyde . But the train then made additional stops on the Settle & Carlisle line which were otherwise served by The Waverley : Skipton, Hellifield, Settle and Appleby West railway station . The 1966 closure of St Enoch resulted in the transfer of the service to Glasgow Central . In December 1967, Trent station
7216-461: Was built in 1865. King and Queen Streets are home to striking Victorian buildings designed by such architects as Alfred Waterhouse and Watson Fothergill . The Canal-side to the south of the city is adjacent to Nottingham railway station and home to multiple repurposed (as bars and restaurants) 19th-century industrial buildings. The eastern third of the city contains Hockley Village , with specialist and independent shops. The Victoria Centre
7304-405: Was closed and so from New Years Day 1968, a further delay was added by a stop at Nottingham , which meant a reversal. In 1970, a short-lived Sunday diversion to Derby brought another reversal, although this had ceased by 1973. The train had acquired a bad reputation for slowness and unpunctuality. The train lost its title in May 1974 when the West Coast Main Line was electrified to Glasgow, but
7392-529: Was formed in 2017, by the amalgamation of Central College Nottingham and New College Nottingham (which had both previously formed from the merger of smaller FE colleges); and the Confetti Institute of Creative Technologies , owned by Nottingham Trent University, is a further education college that specialises in media. The city has dozens of sixth form colleges and academies, providing education and training for adults aged over sixteen. Nottingham also has
7480-439: Was longer and steeper, and Midland expresses could not ignore major population centres en route, especially Leicester , Sheffield and Leeds . In Scotland, it took a longer route in order to provide a service to Dumfries and Kilmarnock . As a result, few travellers after the 1920s travelled the full length of the route. The Thames–Clyde lost its title at the outbreak of World War II , in common with almost all named trains in
7568-550: Was named one of the UK's six science cities in 2005 by the then Chancellor of the Exchequer Gordon Brown . Among the science-based industries within the city is BioCity . Founded as a joint venture between Nottingham Trent University and the University of Nottingham, it is the UK's biggest bioscience innovation and incubation centre, housing around 80 science-based companies. In 2010, Nottingham City Council announced that
7656-637: Was originally confined to the area today known as the Lace Market and was surrounded by a substantial defensive ditch and rampart, which fell out of use following the Norman Conquest and was filled by the time of the Domesday Book (1086). Following the Norman Conquest the Saxon settlement developed into the English Borough of Nottingham and housed a Town Hall and Law Courts. A settlement also developed around
7744-447: Was reported that Nottingham was one of a number of UK cities that broke WHO air pollution guidelines for the maximum concentration of small particulate matter; the pollution in part being caused by harmful wood-burning stoves. Nottingham is bounded by a green belt area, provisionally drawn up from the 1950s. Completely encircling the city, it extends for several miles into the surrounding districts, as well as towards Derby. Like most of
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