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54-642: Thuringian sausage has been produced for hundreds of years. The oldest known reference to a Thuringian sausage is located in the Thuringian State Archive in Rudolstadt in a transcript of a bill from an Arnstadt convent from the year 1404. The oldest known recipe dates from 1613 and is kept in the State Archive in Weimar , another is listed in the "Thüringisch-Erfurtische Kochbuch" from 1797 which also mentions

108-709: A barrier to the main weather currents, erosion is strong and has led to a more pronounced relief than in many other of the European low mountain chains. The mean temperatures decrease with altitude: While the Thuringian Basin experiences less than 100 days per year with temperatures below 0 °C, this number rises to more than 150 in the upper altitudes of the Thuringian Forest. The Northwest Thuringian Forest comprises an area of about 70 km reaching heights up to 470 m (1,540 ft), hardly exceeding those of

162-654: A branch to Waltershausen . Geologically, the Thuringian Forest is defined by a belt of strongly uplifted and deformed metamorphic and igneous rock that divides the relatively flat sedimentary plains of the Thüringer Becken (to the northeast) from similar rock formations in the valley of the Werra (to the southwest). It consists of a large fault block in hercynian orientation, which consists from sandstones and conglomerates of Rotliegend age in its western parts (Eisenach trough), followed by granites and gneisses of

216-723: A gorge on its north-west side is the Werra valley . On the other side of the Forest is an upper outcrop of the North German Plain , the Thuringian Basin , which includes the city Erfurt . The south and south-east continuation of the range is the highland often called the Thuringian-Vogtlandian Slate Mountains . Among scattered foothills at its northern foot are the towns Eisenach , Gotha and Arnstadt . The towns of Ilmenau and Suhl sit in slight dips on

270-459: A lactic acid starter culture. After stuffing into a fibrous casing, it is smoked and dried, then cooked. Hormel Foods Corporation and Usinger's , as well as many regional processors and some small butcher shops, produce the sausage in this fashion. Prior to Thuringian sausages being given protected geographical region status in the EU, a type of Luxembourgish sausage was locally known as a Thüringer. It

324-510: A part of the Thuringian Basin , but with numerous deeply eroded river valleys and the dense forestation they resemble very much the Thuringian Forest. The Thuringian Forest is located in the Central European transition zone between the Atlantic oceanic climate and the continental climate of Eastern Europe. Humid air arrives mainly from the west, so that the western slopes and the crest of

378-454: A smoked variety. Only finely minced pork, beef, or sometimes veal, is used in production. Most of the meat comes from the upper part from around the shoulder. In addition to salt and pepper, caraway , marjoram , and garlic are used. The specific spice mixtures can vary according to traditional recipes or regional tastes. The ingredients are blended together and filled into a pig or sheep intestine . Thuringian sausages are distinguished from

432-505: A stream from Albrechts, feeding into the Werra . This region between federal roads B 4 between Ilmenau and Stützerbach , following the rivers Ilm , Lengwitz, and Nahe, and B 247 between Luisenthal and Suhl contains the three highest summits as well as the fifth highest summit of the whole range. The only settlements wholly within this region are Gehlberg north of Rennsteig and Vesser south of it. Parts of Schmiedefeld and Goldlauter-Heidersbach (part of Suhl) also extend into this part of

486-408: A total of ten people over a period of 10 years. Number of Inhabitants (from 1960 as of 31 December, unless otherwise indicated) : 1834 to 1960 1970 to 1997 1998 to 2005 2006 to 2013 since 2014 29 October 31 August Rudolstadt is twinned with Letterkenny , County Donegal , Ireland. The Rudolstadt Festival (formerly TFF, Tanz&FolkFest) takes place annually on

540-560: A tunnel, but crosses the mountain ridge at Rennsteig switchback station. It has only been used by museum trains since 1998. The Nuremberg–Erfurt high-speed railway , due to be commissioned in December 2017, crosses the Thuringian Forest with the help of several tunnels and bridges. Thüringerwaldbahn, a cross-country line of the Gotha tramway network, serves the northern foothills of the Thuringian Forest between Gotha and Bad Tabarz , including

594-685: Is " Bautz’ner " mustard. In 2006, the Deutsches Bratwurstmuseum , opened in Holzhausen, part of the Wachsenburggemeinde near Arnstadt , the first museum devoted exclusively to the Thuringian sausage. In 2016, a kosher version of Thuringian bratwurst made with veal and chicken packed into goat intestines was introduced at the annual Onion Festival in Weimar , which took place between Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur . The introduction of

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648-437: Is an ancient path following the main ridge and connecting the summits. It is now a famous hiking path and marks the traditional boundary between the hills -dominated terrain of central Germany and the more rugged terrain characteristic of southern Germany, and also the boundary between the cultural regions of central and north Thuringia and Franconia . Dialects and traditional customs and costumes are different on either side of

702-451: Is at the very core of Thuringian culture. Mostly beer instead of water is used to cool the grill, and the type of grill is a matter of doctrine. Mustard, preferably local, is the traditional condiment . Most commonly used is " Born mustard " from a local food company in Erfurt . In some regions the usage of any relish - even mustard - is a strict taboo . In eastern of Thuringia most commonly used

756-536: Is drained towards the north by the river Lütsche which feeds the Lütsche reservoir and by Wilde Gera and Zahme Gera towards Gera river and Unstrut , and by Freibach stream, a tributary of Ilm river, and towards the south by Lauter , a tributary of Hasel, and mainly by Erle , feeding the Erle reservoir, Breitenbach, Vesser, and Nahe into Schleuse . Notable summits include: The region around Frauenwald and Neustadt forms

810-751: Is known for the so-called Drachenschlucht , a narrow gorge near Eisenach, and the Wartburg castle. The northern part of the area is drained by several streams into the Hörsel , the southern part into the Elte. Hence, the ridge of the Northwestern Thuringian Forest only forms the watershed between Hörsel and the middle course of the Werra . Notable summits include: The much larger natural region of Central Thuringian Forest with an area of about 850 km , whose ridge rises mostly above 600 m (2,000 ft),

864-575: Is now referred to as "Lëtzebuerger Grillwurscht" ( Luxembourgish : grill sausage ). Rudolstadt Rudolstadt is a town in the German federal state Thuringia , within the Thuringian Forest , to the southwest, and to Jena and Weimar to the north. The former capital of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt , the town is built along the River Saale inside a wide valley surrounded by woods. Rudolstadt

918-532: Is part of the much larger Werra basin, which in turn is part of the Saar-Unstrut depression of early Permian origin. It was uplifted as one of the fault blocks in the Saxonian tectonic era and is filled with Variscan molasses , named Eisenach formation after the location. It consists mostly of monotonous sequences of reddish conglomerates representing a proximal alluvial fan which originated in debris flows from

972-418: Is roasted over charcoal or on a grill rubbed with bacon. The fire should not be so hot that the skin breaks. However, some charring is desired. The sausages are sometimes sprinkled with beer during the grilling process. Usually, a Thuringian sausage is presented in a cut-open roll and served with mustard . For the people of Thuringia, grilled Thuringian sausage is not merely the local cuisine. The grill

1026-576: Is subdivided into several parts described below in their sequence from the north-west to the south-east. This part, situated around the town of Ruhla north of the Rennsteig , is geologically formed by the basement rocks of the Ruhlaer Kristallin , consisting of granites , gneiss , and schist . There is no pronounced ridge, summits on both sides of the watershed reach heights of 700 m (2,300 ft) or more. Its northeastern parts drain towards

1080-812: The Hesse Highlands in the west, and the northeastern parts of the South German Scarplands in the south, and by the Variscan rocks of the Thuringian Highland towards the east. The geological borders differ from the geographical ones insofar, as the Rotliegend rock of the Thuringian forest finds its continuation in the Masserberg and Crock block in Hildburghausen district , southeast of the main range, and

1134-491: The Rennsteig , reaches heights of around 900 m at several places southwest to west of Oberhof, but does not really form any individual mountains and has very much the character of a mountain crest. By contrast, the Großer Hermannsberg and Ruppberg (see below) that rise to the southwest of the ridge are better known and popular tourist destinations. To the northeast, where the terrain gradually flattens out, are two of

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1188-511: The Ruhlaer Kristallin formation of early paleozoic origin which were uplifted in the Rotliegend era, and the conglomerates, sandstones, and abundant volcanic rocks ( rhyolites and andesites ) of the Oberhof trough. Ore deposits associated with the upthrust of the range have been of significant historical importance in the development of the region, for example, the metalworking tradition in Suhl and

1242-841: The Saale . The Apfelstädt is impounded by the Tambach-Dietharz Dam into a small lake and the Schmalwasser and Ohra by the Schmalwasser and Ohra Dams into larger reservoirs. The south is drained by the Asbach which flows via the Stille into the Schmalkalde and by rivers and streams belonging to the fan-like system of tributaries of Hasel (Werra) , in particular the Schwarza , Häselbach , Lichtenau and

1296-681: The Triassic foothills of Southern Thuringia. It is oriented roughly parallel to the Thuringian Forest and, while a separate structure, is geologically very similar to the latter, as it consists of the same rock types such as granite, hornfels , porphyrites, Rotliegend and Zechstein sediments, and thus forms part of the Variscan chain. It is about 11 km (6.8 mi) long and 1 km (0.62 mi) to 2 km (1.2 mi) wide, with an average altitude of 460 m. Mining for fluorite , baryte , and limonite has been attempted there on several occasions, but

1350-682: The Volkstedt porcelain manufacture in 1762. There is archeological evidence of a hill fort on the Weinberg in Oberpreilipp from the time of the late Urnfield culture and the early Iron Age . A Celtic settlement followed the Germanic one and the affiliation with the Duchy of Thuringia . From the 6th century onwards, archeological records suggest Slavic settlement in the area. The first documented mention of

1404-627: The 3 largest reservoirs in the Thuringian Forest (see below). The best known rock formation in the mountain range, the Falkenstein , is also found in this area. Notable summits include: The northeastern flank of the mountains is drained by right tributaries of the Apfelstädt , especially the Schmalwasser , and left tributaries of the Ohra , notably the Kernwasser, via the (Apfelstädt,) Gera and Unstrut into

1458-656: The Forest. The highest summits crowning the mountain ridge are of volcanic origin. The terrain dips rapidly down to heights below 800 m towards the north-east, while heights remain above this altitude south-west of Rennsteig for some distance in the horseshoe-shaped Adlersberg massif. Motorway A 71 and the Neudietendorf–Ritschenhausen railway pass under the Brandleite Massif between Gehlberg and Oberhof in Rennsteig road tunnel and Brandleite Tunnel . The area

1512-544: The Hörsel, the southwestern parts towards the middle course of the Werra. The area is limited towards the south-east by state road 1027 between Schwarzhausen and Bad Liebenstein. Notable summits include: Reaching until Tambach-Dietharz , the part of Thuringian forest around the town of Brotterode is geologically more heterogeneous than the region around Ruhla. State road 1026 between Friedrichroda and Floh-Seligenthal which follows

1566-512: The Rennsteig. The Rennsteig is the subject of the song Rennsteiglied ( de ) , the unofficial hymn of Thuringia. Motorway A 4 passes north of the Thuringian Forest, while A 71 , intersecting the former south of Erfurt , crosses the range from the northeast to the southwest, passes under the ridge in the Rennsteig Tunnel near Oberhof, and is joined near Suhl by A 73 . Two more long-distance roads, Bundesstraßen 19 and 84, pass over

1620-503: The Ruhla anticline. Dated in the upper Rotliegend, the Eisenach formation consists of some of the youngest geological units in the Thuringian forest. The lack of volcanic rocks suggests that at the time of the deposition of the Eisenach formation, no significant tectonic processes took place in the Werra basin which was by then a mostly consolidated depositional environment. In the Ruhla anticline

1674-615: The Thuringian forest. Common to both ranges, but also to other low mountain ranges in Central Europe uplifted at the same time, are the bordering Zechstein deposits which contain Bryozoa reefs. These stretch especially wide on the northwestern edge of the Thuringian forest, where the landscape park of Altenstein Palace is located on one of the largest Zechstein reefs in Germany. The Eisenach trough

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1728-447: The adjacent Buntsandstein forelands to the southwest, but exhibiting a much more pronounced relief. It stretches until Moosbach stream, a tributary or Erbstrom river, in the north east, and to Bundesstraße 19 in the east and south, which follows the upper reaches of Elte river between the villages of Wilhelmsthal and Etterwinden. The predominant rock species is Eisenacher Rotliegend , namely conglomerates and sandstones . The area

1782-485: The basement rocks, folded in the Variscan era, are exposed. They are named Ruhlaer Kristallin after the location and are according to Franz Kossmat considered part of the Central German Crystalline Zone, of which Odenwald and Spessart are also constituents. In the Rotliegend era the region formed the crest of a mountain range where the debris originated that was deposited in the Eisenach trough and

1836-425: The chain experience the highest levels of precipitation. While the exception of the northwestern part with its lower altitudes (650 mm), the yearly precipitation reaches about 1000 mm, in the higher parts up to about 1300 mm. In contrast, the leeward Thuringian Basin is one of the driest regions in Germany with only around 460 mm to 590 mm of precipitation per year. As the Thuringian Forest forms

1890-610: The dozens of unique types of German wursts by the distinctive spices (which includes marjoram) and their low fat content (25% as compared to up to 60% in other sausages). According to German minced meat law, the Hackfleischverordnung , raw sausages must be sold on the day of their creation or until the closing of a late-night establishment. Previously grilled sausages have a shelf life of 15 days, and sausages immediately frozen after their creation may be stored for six months. The preferred preparation method for Thuringian sausage

1944-468: The favourable climate, the Thuringian Forest is an important year-round tourist destination. Winter sports play an important role, facilities of international significance are concentrated around Oberhof. Famous sights include Wartburg Castle outside Eisenach where Martin Luther lived in exile, the selenite cave ( Marienglashöhle , a former mine) near Friedrichroda , the firearms museum in Suhl , and

1998-592: The first full July weekend. The headquarters of the EPC Group , a global engineering and construction company, are in Rudolstadt. Thuringian Forest The Thuringian Forest ( Thüringer Wald in German pronounced [ˈtyːʁɪŋɐ ˈvalt] ) is a mountain range in the southern parts of the German state of Thuringia , running northwest to southeast. Skirting from its southerly source in foothills to

2052-512: The kosher bratwurst sparked some backlash on social media with comments posted that were "full of hate, anti-religious sentiment and National Socialist cliches", according to the Governor of Thuringia. In North America, the term Thuringer refers to Thuringer cervelat , a type of smoked semi-dry sausage similar to summer sausage . It is made from a medium grind of beef, blended with salt, cure ingredients, spices (usually including dry mustard), and

2106-447: The mining history of Ilmenau . The uplift of the horst -like fault block was part of the Saxonian tectonic processes and is understood as a long range effect of the Alpine orogeny . It began in the upper Cretaceous era and ended in the late Tertiary after about 40 million years. Thuringian forest is surrounded on three sides by triassic rocks: the Thuringian Basin in the northeast,

2160-414: The most south-eastern part of the Thuringian forest proper. It is limited by state road B 4 in the northwest, and by a line along the rivers Talwasser (with Ilmsenbach), Neubrunn, and Schleuse. The adjacent Thuringian Slate Mountains form a geographically and geologically separate natural region, although they are often popularly referred to as a continuation of the former range. Populated places wholly within

2214-529: The north. South of Georgenthal, the mountain range becomes the watershed between Elbe and Weser. Notable summits include: The B 247 from Luisenthal via Oberhof and Zella-Mehlis to Suhl , which follows the Ohra to the north, a section along the Lichtenau to the south and finally the lower reaches of the Mühlwasser , together with the slightly more than 10 km long L 1028 road that runs parallel to it to

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2268-460: The northeast and the southwest clearly originate from the main one and show even and gentle slopes, not counting the steep descent into the foreland. The southwestern crests reach altitudes of about 800 m. The dividing valleys are often narrow gorges. The zone drains: The Schleuse, Gabel and Tanne feed the Schönbrunn reservoir. Notable summits include: Due to its geographical characteristics and

2322-508: The northwest separates this natural sub-division of the Thuringian Forest from the rest. Apart from the south, this region is traversed by very few public roads and is only populated in the south – in the villages of Schnellbach and Struth-Helmershof in the municipality of Floh-Seligenthal , the Rotterode , Unterschönau and Oberschönau suburbs of Steinbach-Hallenberg and the town of Zella-Mehlis. The Elbe-Weser watershed , accompanied by

2376-487: The northwestern part of the Oberhof trough. The sedimentary, volcano-sedimentary, and magmatic rocks which were deposited or formed in the area from the Cambrian until the upper Devonian were subjected to intense metamorphosis during the Variscan uplift and are now mostly present in the form of gneiss or schist . The Oberhof trough is by far the largest of the main geologic parts of the Thuringian Forest. It consists of

2430-605: The place-name was in 776 as Rudolfestat (Rudolf's settlement) as a gift from Charlemagne to Hersfeld Abbey In 1994 the Neonazi and police-informant Tino Brandt (NPD) founded the Neonazi-Gang „Thüringer Heimatschutz“ (THS, Thuringian homeland protection) in Rudolstadt. The structure of 170 right-wing extremists was an SA-style street gang. The THS gave rise to the Nazi terrorist group National Socialist Underground (NSU), which murdered

2484-465: The range itself to the north and south respectively. The Thuringian Forest forms a continuous chain of ancient rounded mountains with steep slopes to both sides and poses ample difficulties in transit routing save through a few navigable passes. It is about 70 km (43 mi) long and 20 km (12 mi) wide. The highest elevation is Großer Beerberg at 982 m (3,222 ft) above sea level. The Rennsteig (sometimes called Rennweg )

2538-446: The region are Frauenwald , Allzunah, Neustadt am Rennsteig , and Oehrenstock. Parts of Stützerbach also reach into this area. Roads follow the Rennsteig , the mountain crests, or the valleys of the rivers. The main ridge of the mountain range exceeds altitudes of 800 m in several places. The highest and best known summit is Kickelhahn (861 metres above sea level) southwest of Ilmenau . As seen from there, all secondary crests towards

2592-648: The rock types of the Thuringian Highland are also found in the Schleuse horst between Schönbrunn reservoir and Schönau, and in the Vesser complex near Schmiedefeld , an island of Variscan rocks embedded in Rotliegend. While the near-surface rocks of the Thuringian Highland comprise mostly the folded Variscan basement , the oldest unfolded overlying strata (dating from the Permosilesian age) of this basement are exposed in

2646-424: The uplifted part of the so-called Thuringian Forest Basin whose contents can be further subdivided into several formations. Their relative ages have not been fully resolved yet, partly because the Oberhof trough had been a rift zone with intense tectonics and continual changes of the internal relief and of the main areas of deposition. The tectonic processes were accompanied by an intense felsitic volcanism which

2700-402: The valleys of the rivers Schilfwasser and Schmalkalde and passes through Kleinschmalkalden and state road 1028 between Georgenthal and Floh-Seligenthal which follows the valleys of the rivers Apfelstädt and Flohbach divide the area into segments. In this area the mountain ridge becomes more pronounced. The summit of Großer Inselsberg of volcanic origin causes a marked shift of the ridge towards

2754-603: The western parts of the range, while Bundesstraße 88 skirts the northern foothills between Eisenach and Geraberg. The Neudietendorf–Ritschenhausen railway crosses the Thuringian Forest in Brandleite Tunnel between Gehlberg and Oberhof, the Werra Railway between Eisenach and Eisfeld does so in a tunnel near Förtha . Both are in daily operation. A third line, the southern section of the Plaue–Themar railway, does not use

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2808-402: Was founded in 776 and has had municipal law since 1326. The town's landmark is the Castle Heidecksburg which is enthroned on a hill above the old town. The former municipality Remda-Teichel was merged into Rudolstadt in January 2019. Rudolstadt was once well known because of the Anchor Stone Blocks of the Toy Company Richter and porcelain factories, beginning with the establishment of

2862-482: Was given up as unprofitable due to difficult drainage. Large baryte deposits prospected in the 1950s have remained untouched. The Waltershausen foothills (German: Waltershäuser Vorberge ) are a wooded chain of Buntsandstein hills immediately north of and parallel to the Thuringian Forest between Eisenach, Waltershausen, Friedrichroda, and Georgenthal. An outcrop of Muschelkalk rock can be found in their northern part, south of Waltershausen. They are generally regarded

2916-469: Was the origin of many volcanic rock formations, predominantly rhyolites of porphyric structure with accompanying tuff deposits. These volcanic rocks alternate in sequence with the typical reddish molasse sediments (conglomerates, sandstones, siltstones, and claystones) of the Rotliegend. The Little Thuringian Forest (German: Kleiner Thüringer Wald ) is a narrow horst south of Suhl and northwest of Schleusingen , northwest of Schleuse river, embedded in

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