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52-814: The Board also regulates as the Texas Physician Assistant Board, and as the Texas State Board of Acupuncture Examiners, and governs radiologic technologists and NPOs , among other health care practices. TMB is a member of the Federation of State Medical Boards . The current president of the Texas Medical Board is Sherif Zaafran, M.D. It is headquartered in the William P. Hobby State Office Building in Austin, Texas . This Texas -related article

104-886: A City Councillor in Birmingham from 1920 to 1925. He sat on the Public Health Committee and did much to promote knowledge and understanding of cancer in the medical field. He died of cancer at his home, 112 Gough Road in Edgbaston , on 15 August 1926 aged 67. He was cremated at Birmingham Crematorium , Perry Barr . His name was one of 169 included on the Monument to the X-ray and Radium Martyrs of All Nations erected in Hamburg , Germany in 1936. On Valentine's Day in 1893, Hall-Edwards married Constance Marie di Pazzi Clutton Blair Salt, daughter of

156-443: A comprehensive but not necessarily exhaustive knowledge of pathology and radiographic appearances; it is for this reason that radiographers often do not interpret or diagnose without further training. Notwithstanding, it is now becoming more common that radiographers have an extended and expanded clinical role, this includes a role in initial radiological diagnosis, diagnosis consultation and what subsequent investigations to conduct. It

208-552: A course offered by the University of Malta. The course is BSc (Hons) Radiography and its duration is of four years. On completion of the course, the graduate will have the conditions to be eligible for registration with the council for professions complementary to Medicine A foreign radiographer can work in Malta should the necessary documentation and competencies have been obtained and presented. Radiographers working on Malta should abide by

260-466: A fine or an imprisonment of up to six months. Radiography is a regulated profession in Malta and anyone wanting to practice Diagnostic or Therapeutic Radiography would need to obtain state registration in order to be licensed as a Radiographer, obtained from the Council for Professions Complementary to Medicine (CPCM). In Malta, in order for an individual to become a Radiographer he/she first has to follow

312-521: A foreign diploma from within the EEA or equivalent in the EEA, it is necessary to request the recognition for the profession from Government of Flanders (Agency of Care and Health). It is possible to request the recognition if: In Germany radiographers must complete a 3-year apprenticeship before they qualify as a 'Medizinisch-technischer Radiologieassistent'. Only after qualifying do radiographers in Germany fulfil

364-480: A member of IAEA in 2008. Since 2008 onwards diploma level radiography courses have been conducted across the country by the Council for Technical Education and Vocational Training (CTEVT) and other affiliated institutions. In Nepal there are 125 vocational health training institutes however only 15 are conducting radiological technological education. Bachelor level radiography education is taught in two universities & one college whereas master level radiography course

416-418: A needle stuck in the hand of an associate. On 14 February 1896, Hall-Edwards also became the first to use X-rays in a surgical operation. The United States saw its first medical X-ray obtained using a discharge tube of Ivan Pulyui 's design. In January 1896, on reading of Röntgen's discovery, Frank Austin of Dartmouth College tested all of the discharge tubes in the physics laboratory and found that only

468-410: A result radiographers in one country often have a completely different role to that of radiographers in another. However, the base responsibilities of the radiographer are summarised below: On a basic level, radiographers do not generally interpret diagnostic media, rather they evaluate media and make a decision about its diagnostic effectiveness. In order to make this evaluation radiographers must have

520-456: Is Ireland's multi-profession health regulator. Set up under the Health and Social Care Professionals Act 2005, CORU is used to protect the public by promoting high standards of professional conduct, education, training and competence through statutory registration of health and social care professionals. If a radiographer commences clinical practice without registration then they may be prosecuted with

572-467: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Radiologic technologists Radiographers , also known as radiologic technologists , diagnostic radiographers and medical radiation technologists are healthcare professionals who specialise in the imaging of human anatomy for the diagnosis and treatment of pathology . Radiographers are infrequently, and almost always erroneously, known as x-ray technicians. In countries that use

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624-464: Is a regulated healthcare profession. A diploma of a specific professional Bachelor is a requirement for registration and recognition. Since 2 December 2014, everyone who works at a Medical Imaging department, is obliged to be in possession of the recognition and the visa issued by the Ministry of Health (a professional identity card that is considered a license) To practice a health care profession with

676-491: Is located, most frequently in hospitals . The practice varies from country to country and can even vary between hospitals in the same country. Radiographers are represented by a variety of organizations worldwide, including the International Society of Radiographers and Radiological Technologists which aims to give direction to the profession as a whole through collaboration with national representative bodies. For

728-503: Is not uncommon for radiographers to now conduct procedures which would have previously been undertaken by a cardiologist, urologist, radiologist or oncologist autonomously. Contrary to what could be inferred, radiographers conduct and contribute to investigations which are not necessarily radiological in nature, e.g. sonography and magnetic resonance imaging . Radiographers often have opportunities to enter military service due to their role in healthcare. As with most other occupations in

780-493: Is registered with another Health Care Profession Register in Malta. Below is a list of the documents needed for a professional to register with the council: In cases where the professional qualification acquired was not obtained from an Accredited Institution in Malta, a letter is to be submitted, issued from the Malta Qualifications Recognition Information Centre ( MQRIC ), certifying that

832-758: Is still struggling to improve and manage conventional radiological examinations. Radiological Services in Nepal commenced in 1923 at Military Hospital by Dr. Rana and Dr Asta Bahadur Shrestha. The first health related training program began in 1933 at the Nepal Rajkiya Ayurved School; the Civil Medical School was later established in 1934. Radiological education in Nepal started in 1923 in a 64 bedded Military Hospital, Tri-ChandraElectro-Medical Institute. The post graduate (MSc) program in physics at TU began in 1965 with only Nuclear Physics specialization. In 1972,

884-453: Is taught in one where another university is in pipeline. Until recently, therapeutic radiography courses have not been taught in Nepal; radiation therapists are predominantly trained abroad. The Nepal Health Professional Council (NHPC) is the legislative body for registering, accrediting, developing & enforcing quality assurance of Health Professionals, including Radiographers, in Nepal. Until 1997, radiographers were required to register

936-530: The Soviet Union , Vladislav Ivanov filed (in 1960) a document with the USSR State Committee for Inventions and Discovery at Leningrad for a Magnetic Resonance Imaging device, although this was not approved until the 1970s. By 1959, Jay Singer had studied blood flow by NMR relaxation time measurements of blood in living humans. Such measurements were not introduced into common medical practice until

988-529: The BIG. The purpose of the Paramedics Quality Register is to guarantee the quality of professional practice. Through the registration and re-registration (once in five years) it becomes visible for patients, health insurers etc. that the registered radiographer professional is and remains competent in the field of professional practice. Despite the fact that the quality register is not compulsory according to

1040-633: The Evidence of Competence at the Chief of Medical Inspections. This was mandatory under the Law on Paramedic professions. After innovate the law of Individual Health Care Professions (BIG), the registration requirements for radiographers were cancelled. A voluntary register has been set up in consultation with the Health Care Inspectorate: the Paramedics Quality Register. The Paramedics Quality Register comes from

1092-807: The Health Care Inspectorate (IGZ) and the professional associations. Other organizations also intend the Quality Register Paramedics. John Hall-Edwards John Francis Hall-Edwards FRSE (19 December 1858 – 15 August 1926) was a British medical doctor and pioneer in the medical use of X-rays in the United Kingdom. Hall-Edwards was the son of John Edwards, and was born on Moseley Road, Kings Norton near Birmingham . He attended King Edward VI Grammar School in Birmingham. He then studied medicine, apprenticing under Prof Richard Hill Norris at Queens College Medical School. Norris

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1144-553: The Institute of Medicine (IOM) which is affiliated with TU started the Proficiency Certificate Level (PCL) Radiography course however this has since stopped. Radiotherapy was first introduced at Maternity Hospital in 1976 utilising radium needle treatment. CT and Nuclear Medicine was introduced in 1988 at Bir Hospital. The Radiotherapy unit with Tele Cobalt-60 machine was established at Bir Hospital in 1991. Nepal became

1196-667: The Institution from where the qualification was obtained is equivalently accredited and indicate the level of qualification in accordance to the Malta Qualifications Framework. For applicants from the European Economic Area countries, once the application is submitted, it will follow the regulations established on the Directive 2005/36/EC on the recognition of qualifications between member states. In these cases,

1248-643: The Paramedics historical register. The official registration of the radiographer satisfies the educational requirements in the General Administrative Order (AMvB) ex. art. 34 BIG and the quality requirements of the professional group. On the basis of which is carried out radiographer is mentioned in the Diplomaregister Paramedici and / or the Quality Register Paramedics. By registration, the radiographer continues to be traced by, for example,

1300-567: The Pulyui tube produced X-rays. This was a result of Pulyui's inclusion of an oblique "target" of mica , used for holding samples of fluorescent material, within the tube. On 3 February 1896 Gilman Frost, professor of medicine at the college, and his brother Edwin Frost, professor of physics, exposed the wrist of Eddie McCarthy, whom Gilman had treated some weeks earlier for a fracture, to the X-rays and collected

1352-563: The Republic of Ireland. Student radiographers training in the ROI will typically study for 4 years on an approved bachelor's degree program; currently degree programs only exist at University College Dublin . Applicants must have either an approved qualification, a schedule 3 qualification, an appropriate letter of recommendation/accreditation or another qualification which is deemed 'suitably relevant' by registration board in order to successfully fulfil

1404-558: The Royal Photographic Society following a lecture to the London Camera Club. Initially his work focussed on photography through microscopes. On 11 January 1896 he made the first use of X-rays under clinical conditions when he radiographed the hand of an associate, revealing a sterilised needle beneath the surface. A month later on 14 February he took the first radiograph to direct a surgical operation. He also took

1456-496: The X-ray and noted that, while it could pass through human tissue, it could not pass through bone or metal. Röntgen referred to the radiation as "X", to indicate that it was an unknown type of radiation. He received the first Nobel Prize in Physics for his discovery. There are conflicting accounts of his discovery because Röntgen had his lab notes burned after his death, but this is a likely reconstruction by his biographers: Röntgen

1508-465: The arms of living human subjects. In 1968, Jackson and Langham published the first NMR signals from a living animal. A radiographer uses their expertise and knowledge of patient care , physics , human anatomy , physiology , pathology and radiology to assess patients, develop optimum radiological techniques and evaluate the resulting radiographic media. This branch of healthcare is extremely varied, especially between different countries, and as

1560-547: The elbow in 1908 , and four fingers on his right arm soon thereafter, leaving only a thumb. His left hand is at the Birmingham University Museum as a specimen to demonstrate the effects of radiation. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 1911. His proposers were Edmond Carlier , Richard Hill Norris , Dawson Turner and Joseph Riley Ratcliffe  [ Wikidata ] . He served as

1612-506: The film behind it. Röntgen discovered X-rays' medical use when he made a picture of his wife's hand on a photographic plate formed due to X-rays. The photograph of his wife's hand was the first ever photograph of a human body part using X-rays. When she saw the picture, she said, "I have seen my death." The first use of X-rays under clinical conditions was by John Hall-Edwards in Birmingham, England on 11 January 1896, when he radiographed

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1664-643: The first X-ray of the human spine. In 1899 he was made the first Surgeon Radiographer – at the General Hospital in Birmingham (also serving outlying hospitals). In February 1900 he joined the Warwickshire Regiment to act as the first military radiographer, joining them in the Boer War in South Africa , being based at both Deelfontein and Pretoria . He remained in this role for fourteen months. In 1906 he

1716-408: The first three decades of medical imaging 's existence (1897 to the 1930s), there was no standardized differentiation between the roles that we now differentiate as radiologic technologist (a technician in an allied health profession who obtains the images) versus radiologist (a physician who interprets them). By the 1930s and 1940s, as it became increasingly apparent that proper interpretation of

1768-602: The images required not only a physician but also one who was specifically trained and experienced in doing so, the differentiation between the roles was formalized. Simultaneously, it also became increasingly true that just as a radiologic technologist cannot do the radiologist's job, the radiologist also cannot do the radiologic technologist's job, as it requires some knowledge, skills, experience, and certifications that are specific to it. Radiography's origins and fluoroscopy's origins can both be traced to 8 November 1895, when German physics professor Wilhelm Röntgen discovered

1820-423: The law, many hospitals are obliged to do it. The hospitals are obliged to provide good quality care. Health insurers also attach great value to the Paramedics Quality Register because they are also required to provide good care. Radiographers who are in possession of a valid Certificate of Competence, diploma of certificate and endorse the code of professional conduct of the professional association, can be enroll in

1872-403: The medical field many radiographers have rotating shifts that include night duties. Radiography is a deeply diverse profession with many different modalities and specialities. It is not uncommon for radiographers to be specialised in more than one modality and even have expertise of interventional procedures themselves; however this depends on the country in which they operate. As a result of this

1924-433: The mid-1980s, although a patent for a whole-body NMR machine to measure blood flow in the human body was already filed by Alexander Ganssen in early 1967. In the 1960s and 1970s the results of a very large amount of work on relaxation, diffusion, and chemical exchange of water in cells and tissues of various types appeared in the scientific literature. In 1967, Ligon reported the measurement of NMR relaxation of water in

1976-437: The new technology. When new diagnostic tests were developed, it was natural for the radiographers to be trained in and to adopt this new technology. Radiographers now perform fluoroscopy , computed tomography , mammography , ultrasound , nuclear medicine and magnetic resonance imaging as well. Although a nonspecialist dictionary might define radiography quite narrowly as "taking X-ray images", this has long been only part of

2028-417: The potential to be used therapeutically in order to deliver an intervention. Modalities (or specialities) include but are not limited to: Non-imaging modalities vary, and are often undertaken in addition to imaging modalities. They commonly include: Education varies worldwide due to legal limitations on scope of practice. The profession of diagnostic radiographer is called "medical imaging technologist", it

2080-400: The professional document and theoretical and practical training are required to be equivalent to the requirements of Malta, i.e. An EQF Level 6 Bachelor's Degree with an equivalent syllabus to that of the University of Malta and their course is no more than one year shorter. Should the radiographer have a substantial difference between their professional qualifications and those required by CPCM,

2132-653: The radiographer has the right to provide further evidence of competence (including professional experience or CPD), otherwise, the CPCM board should offer the applicant the possibility to do an aptitude test or adaptation period (as chosen by the applicant). A Flow chart explaining this procedure for EEA applicants can be found on the government's website. As a developing country, the health care sector in Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal has very limited resources meaning radiological services are rather limited. Nepal

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2184-466: The requirements to practise as a fully qualified MTRA. Similar to other countries, they work within the areas of radiography diagnostics ( CT scans , magnetic resonance imaging , radiography , digital subtraction angiography ), radiation therapy , radiation dosimeters and nuclear medicine . Radiographers in the Republic of Ireland (ROI) must be registered with CORU before they can practice in

2236-781: The resulting image of the broken bone on gelatin photographic plates obtained from Howard Langill, a local photographer also interested in Röntgen's work. X-rays were put to diagnostic use very early; for example, Alan Archibald Campbell-Swinton opened a radiographic laboratory in the United Kingdom in 1896, before the dangers of ionizing radiation were discovered. Indeed, Marie Curie pushed for radiography to be used to treat wounded soldiers in World War I. Initially, many kinds of staff conducted radiography in hospitals, including physicists, photographers, physicians, nurses, and engineers. The medical speciality of radiology grew up over many years around

2288-405: The rules of the host country and title of radiographer will be used. An application form has to be filled along with the necessary authenticated copies of several documents. The application form includes the insertion of personal details of the individual along with the description of qualifications and the university which granted the qualifications. The individual has to declare whether he or she

2340-527: The theory behind it in March 1973. The factors leading to image contrast (differences in tissue relaxation time values) had been described nearly 20 years earlier by Erik Odeblad (doctor and scientist) and Gunnar Lindström. In 1950, spin echoes and free induction decay were first detected by Erwin Hahn and in 1952, Herman Carr produced a one-dimensional NMR spectrum as reported in his Harvard PhD thesis. In

2392-493: The title radiologic technologist they are often informally referred to as techs in the clinical environment; this phrase has emerged in popular culture such as television programmes. The term radiographer can also refer to a therapeutic radiographer , also known as a radiation therapist . Radiographers are allied health professionals who work in both public healthcare and private healthcare and can be physically located in any setting where appropriate diagnostic equipment

2444-405: The typical career pathway for a radiographer is hard to summarise. Upon qualifying it is common for radiographers to focus solely on plain film radiography before specialising in any one chosen modality. After a number of years in the profession, non-imaging based roles often become open and radiographers may then move into these positions. Generally, imaging modalities are all diagnostic, all have

2496-600: The vocational education requirements to become a Radiographer in the ROI. Applications for registration with qualifications outside of this are considered on an individual basis; typically this includes most international applicants. The professional body representing Radiographers in the ROI is the Irish Institute of Radiography and Radiation Therapy (IIRRT) . To practice as a Radiographer or Radiation Therapist in Ireland, one must register with CORU as of 31 October 2015. CORU

2548-583: The work of "X-ray Departments", Radiographers, and Radiologists. Initially, radiographs were known as roentgenograms, while Skiagrapher (from the Ancient Greek words for "shadow" and "writer") was used until about 1918 to mean Radiographer . The history of magnetic resonance imaging includes many researchers who have discovered NMR and described its underlying physics , but it is regarded to be invented by Paul C. Lauterbur in September 1971; he published

2600-543: Was both a surgeon and keen amateur photographer, being an early user of the dry-plate process, and he familiarised Hall-Edwards with photographic techniques. Hall-Edwards was licensed to practice medicine by the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh . From around 1885 he shows a strong interest in photography and was President of the Midland Photographic Club 1891-93. In 1895 he was made an Honorary Member of

2652-478: Was elected first President of the British Electric-Therapeutic Society. Hall-Edwards's interest in X-rays cost him his left arm. A cancer (then called X-ray dermatitis) was sufficiently advanced by 1904 to cause him to write papers and give public addresses on the dangers of X-rays and only then were protective measures begun. He lost his personal battle and his left arm had to be amputated at

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2704-429: Was investigating cathode rays using a fluorescent screen painted with barium platinocyanide and a Crookes tube which he had wrapped in black cardboard to shield its fluorescent glow. He noticed a faint green glow from the screen, about 1 metre away. Röntgen realized some invisible rays coming from the tube were passing through the cardboard to make the screen glow: they were passing through an opaque object to affect

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