110-560: The Dark Tower is a series of eight novels, one novella, and a children's book written by American author Stephen King . Incorporating themes from multiple genres, including dark fantasy , science fantasy , horror , and Western , it describes a "gunslinger" and his quest toward a tower, the nature of which is both physical and metaphorical. The series, and its use of the Dark Tower, expands upon Stephen King's multiverse and in doing so, links together many of his other novels. In addition to
220-520: A Washington, D.C. bookstore clerk who noticed stylistic similarities between King and Bachman and located publisher's records at the Library of Congress that named King as the author of Rage . King announced Bachman's death from "cancer of the pseudonym". King reflected that "Richard Bachman began his career not as a delusion but as a sheltered place where I could publish a few early books which I felt readers might like. Then he began to grow and come alive, as
330-476: A West Virginia women's prison. King and Richard Chizmar co-wrote Gwendy's Button Box (2017). A sequel, Gwendy's Magic Feather (2019), was a solo effort by Chizmar. In 2022, King and Chizmar rejoined forces for Gwendy's Final Task . King made his screenwriting debut with George A. Romero 's Creepshow (1982), a tribute to EC horror comics . In 1985, he wrote another horror anthology film, Cat's Eye . Rob Reiner , whose film Stand by Me (1986)
440-466: A book of short fiction including " The Reach " and The Mist . He recalls: "I would be asked, 'What happened in your childhood that makes you want to write those terrible things?' I couldn't think of any real answer to that. And I thought to myself, 'Why don't you write a final exam on horror, and put in all the monsters that everyone was afraid of as a kid? Put in Frankenstein, the werewolf, the vampire,
550-521: A catastrophic brain injury in a motorcycle accident in 2001. The narration task then fell to George Guidall, who recorded the final three books in the series in quick succession in 2003 and 2004. George Guidall was also called upon to re-record The Dark Tower: The Gunslinger, the first book in the series, in 2003, as the author made significant changes to that story to better match what came later. Stephen King Stephen Edwin King (born September 21, 1947)
660-463: A cave, a mirror and a mirage—we are sometimes able to see an old thing in a new and vivid way. Even if the result is mere clarity instead of beauty, I think writer and reader are participating together in a kind of miracle. Maybe that's drawing it a little strong, but yeah—it's what I believe." When asked if fear was his main subject, King said "In every life you get to a point where you have to deal with something that's inexplicable to you, whether it's
770-414: A collection of four novellas, was his first major departure from the genre. Among the films adapted from King's fiction are Carrie (1976), The Shining (1980), The Dead Zone (1983), Christine (1983), Stand by Me (1986), Misery (1990), The Shawshank Redemption (1994), Dolores Claiborne (1995), The Green Mile (1999), The Mist (2007) and It (2017). He has published under
880-603: A detailed synopsis of the novels, see the relevant article for each book . The series has become a linchpin that is interwoven with, and ties together, much of King's body of work . The worlds of The Dark Tower are in part composed of locations, characters, events and other various elements from many of King's novels and short stories. Some of the principal books that are tied to this series, or that this series references, include It , The Stand , 'Salem's Lot , Insomnia , Hearts in Atlantis , Black House , The Eyes of
990-483: A fabled building said to be the nexus of all universes. Roland's world is said to have "moved on", and it appears to be coming apart at the seams. Mighty nations have been torn apart by war, entire cities and regions vanish without a trace and time does not flow in an orderly fashion. Sometimes, even the sun rises in the north and sets in the east. As the series opens, Roland's motives, goals, and age are unclear, although later installments shed light on these mysteries. For
1100-506: A hat, and that it would include the "lobstrosities" from The Drawing of the Three . In an interview with ComingSoon.net , Nikolaj Arcel confirmed that The Drawing of the Three would form the basis for the sequel, and that yet-to-be-cast actors who will play Eddie and Susannah Dean would appear alongside Elba, McConaughey, Taylor, and Haley reprising their roles as Roland, Walter, Jake and Sayre respectively. In February 2018, Amazon bought
1210-558: A haunted 1958 Plymouth Fury ." Later that year, he published Pet Sematary , which he had written in the late 1970s, when his family was living near a highway that "used up a lot of animals" as a neighbor put it. His daughter's cat was killed, and they buried it in a pet cemetery built by the local children. King imagined a burial ground beyond it that could raise the dead, albeit imperfectly. He initially found it too disturbing to publish, but resurrected it to fulfill his contract with Doubleday . In 1985, King published Skeleton Crew ,
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#17328691084351320-450: A life of his own. In the author's note, King writes that "I am indebted to the late Richard Bachman ." In 1990, King published Four Past Midnight , a collection of four novellas with the common theme of time. In 1991, he published Needful Things , his first novel since achieving sobriety, billed as "The Last Castle Rock Story". In 1992, he published Gerald's Game and Dolores Claiborne , two novels about women loosely linked by
1430-656: A limited edition of 250 by the Library Fellows of the Whitney Museum of American Art . Alfred A. Knopf released it in a general trade edition. King co-wrote Throttle (2009) with his son Joe Hill . The novella is an homage to Richard Matheson 's "Duel". Their second collaboration, In the Tall Grass (2012), was published in two parts in Esquire . King and his son Owen co-wrote Sleeping Beauties (2018), set in
1540-449: A lot and write a lot." He emphasizes the importance of good description, which "begins with clear seeing and ends with clear writing, the kind of writing that employs fresh images and simple vocabulary. I began learning my lessons in this regard by reading Chandler , Hammett , and Ross Macdonald ; I gained perhaps even more respect for the power of compact, descriptive language from reading T. S. Eliot (those ragged claws scuttling across
1650-459: A modern context. He recalls that while writing 'Salem's Lot , "I decided I wanted to try to use the book partially as a form of literary homage (as Peter Straub had done in Ghost Story , working in the tradition of such 'classical' ghost story writers as Henry James , M. R. James , and Nathaniel Hawthorne ). So my novel bears an intentional similarity to Bram Stoker 's Dracula , and after
1760-555: A novel. She told him: "You've got something here. I really think you do." Per The Guardian , Carrie "is the story of Carrie White, a high-school student with latent—and then, as the novel progresses, developing—telekinetic powers. It's brutal in places, affecting in others (Carrie's relationship with her almost hysterically religious mother being a particularly damaged one), and gory in even more." The review of Carrie in The New York Times noted that "King does more than tell
1870-545: A pandemic and its aftermath. King recalls that it was the novel that took him the longest to write, and that it was "also the one my longtime readers still seem to like the best". In 1977, the Kings, with the addition of Owen Philip , their third and youngest child, traveled briefly to England. They returned to Maine that fall, and King began teaching creative writing at the University of Maine . The courses he taught on horror provided
1980-521: A parable in chiller form of the popular writer's relation to his audience, which holds him prisoner and dictates what he writes, on pain of death" while The Dark Half "is a parable in chiller form of the popular writer's relation to his creative genius, the vampire within him, the part of him that only awakes to raise Cain when he writes." Introducing King at the National Book Awards , Walter Mosley said "Stephen King once said that daily life
2090-417: A recently widowed novelist. Several reviewers said that it showed King's maturation as a writer; Charles de Lint wrote "He hasn't forsaken the spookiness and scares that have made him a brand name, but he uses them more judiciously now... The present-day King has far more insight into the human condition than did his younger self, and better yet, all the skills required to share it with us." Bag of Bones won
2200-399: A sequel to The Shining. During his Chancellor's Speaker Series talk at University of Massachusetts Lowell on December 7, 2012, King said that he was writing a crime novel about a retired policeman being taunted by a murderer, with the working title Mr. Mercedes . In an interview with Parade , he confirmed that the novel was "more or less" completed. It was published in 2014 and won
2310-474: A sequel to the events of The Dark Tower was released in August 2017. Stephen King saw The Dark Tower series as a first draft, initially planning to rewrite it. However, after revising The Gunslinger , "he is trying to decide how much he can rewrite." The series is referred to on King's website as his magnum opus . In the story, Roland Deschain is a member of a knightly order known as gunslingers and
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#17328691084352420-401: A single illustrator only. Subsequent printings of each book in trade paperback format usually preserve the illustrations in full, except for books I and IV. Pocket-sized paperback reprints contain only black-and-white chapter or section header illustrations. The illustrators who worked on each book are: Bill Sheehan of The Washington Post called the series "a humane, visionary epic and
2530-456: A solar eclipse. The latter novel is narrated by the title character in an unbroken monologue; Mark Singer described it as "a morally riveting confession from the earthy mouth of a sixty-six-year-old Maine coastal-island native with a granite-hard life but not a grain of self-pity". King said he based the character of Claiborne on his mother. In 1994, King's story " The Man in the Black Suit "
2640-402: A story. He is a schoolteacher himself, and he gets into Carrie's mind as well as into the minds of her classmates." King was teaching Dracula to high school students and wondered what would happen if Old World vampires came to a small New England town. This was the germ of 'Salem's Lot , which King called " Peyton Place meets Dracula ". King's mother died from uterine cancer around
2750-400: A tendency to write in images because that was all I knew at the time." Regarding his interest horror, he says "my childhood was pretty ordinary, except from a very early age, I wanted to be scared. I just did." He recalls showing his mother a story he copied out of a comic book. She responded: "I bet you could do better. Write one of your own." He recalls "an immense feeling of possibility at
2860-418: A tin roof and rusty screen door: "No matter what time of day you looked out that screen door, it looked like sunset... When it rained, being inside the club was like being inside a Jamaican steel drum." King writes that "The use of simile and other figurative language is one of the chief delights of fiction—reading it and writing it, as well. [...] By comparing two seemingly unrelated objects—a restaurant bar and
2970-477: A true magnum opus" that stands as an "imposing example of pure storytelling," "filled with brilliantly rendered set pieces... cataclysmic encounters and moments of desolating tragedy." Erica Noonan of the Boston Globe said, "There's a fascinating world to be discovered in the series" but noted that its epic nature keeps it from being user-friendly . Allen Johnston of The New York Times was disappointed with how
3080-415: A while it began to seem I was playing an interesting—to me, at least—game of literary racquet-ball: 'Salem's Lot itself was the ball and Dracula was the wall I kept hitting it against, watching to see how and where it could bounce, so I could hit it again. As a matter of fact, it took some pretty interesting bounces, and I ascribe this mostly to the fact that, while my ball existed in the twentieth century,
3190-585: Is a continuation of the original Dark Tower story, following the war between the Tet Corporation and Sombra/NCP in New York, and it has been supervised by both Stephen King and Robin Furth . From the website: "Exploring the behind-the-scenes conflict between the two companies, Discordia introduces long-time Dark Tower fans to new characters and numerous mechanical/magical items developed by Mid-World's Old Ones. Over
3300-412: Is a nod to Richard Stark, the pseudonym Donald E. Westlake used to publish his darker work. The Bachman books are grittier than King's usual fare; King called his alter-ego "Dark-toned, despairing...not a very nice guy." A Literary Guild member praised Thinner as "what Stephen King would write like if Stephen King could really write." Bachman was exposed as King's pseudonym in 1985 by Steve Brown,
3410-705: Is about coming of age , a theme he has returned to several times, for example in Joyland . King often uses authors as characters, such as Ben Mears in 'Salem's Lot , Jack Torrance in The Shining , adult Bill Denbrough in It and Mike Noonan in Bag of Bones . He has extended this to breaking the fourth wall by including himself as a character in three novels of The Dark Tower . Among other things, this allows King to explore themes of authorship; George Stade writes that Misery "is
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3520-447: Is an American author. Widely known for his horror novels , he has been crowned the "King of Horror". He has also explored other genres, among them suspense , crime , science-fiction , fantasy and mystery . Though known primarily for his novels, he has written approximately 200 short stories , most of which have been published in collections. His debut , Carrie (1974), established him in horror. Different Seasons (1982),
3630-421: Is an adaptation of King's novella The Body , named his production company Castle Rock Entertainment after King's fictional town. Castle Rock Entertainment would produce other King adaptations, including Reiner's Misery (1990) and Frank Darabont 's The Shawshank Redemption (1994). In 1986, King made his directorial debut with Maximum Overdrive , an adaptation of his story " Trucks ". He recalls: "I
3740-499: Is just fabulous at that, and also I tried to write more colloquially." Straub said the only person who could correctly identify who wrote which passages was a fellow author, Neil Gaiman . King and the photographer f-stop Fitzgerald collaborated on the coffee table book Nightmares in the Sky: Gargoyles and Grotesques (1988). He produced an artist's book with designer Barbara Kruger , My Pretty Pony (1989), published in
3850-593: Is set around the time of the flashbacks in The Gunslinger and Wizard and Glass . The first issue of this first arc was released on February 7, 2007. A hardcover volume containing all seven issues was released on November 7, 2007. The second arc in the series, The Long Road Home , began publication on March 5, 2008. A hardcover volume containing all five issues was released on October 15, 2008. The third arc, The Dark Tower: Treachery , began publication on September 10, 2008. A hardcover volume containing all 6 issues
3960-416: Is small, a seashell. Sometimes it's enormous, a Tyrannosaurus Rex with all those gigantic ribs and grinning teeth. Either way, short story or thousand-page whopper of a novel, the techniques of excavation remain basically the same. King often starts with a "what-if" scenario, asking what would happen if an alcoholic writer was stranded with his family in a haunted hotel ( The Shining ), or if one could see
4070-439: Is small-town American life, often set in fictitious Derry, Maine; tales of family life, marital life, the lives of children banded together by age, circumstance, and urgency, where parents prove oblivious or helpless. The human heart in conflict with itself—in the guise of the malevolent Other. The ' gothic ' imagination magnifies the vicissitudes of 'real life' in order to bring it into a sharper and clearer focus." King's The Body
4180-449: Is the frame that makes the picture. His commitment, as I see it, is to celebrate and empower the everyday man and woman as they buy aspirin and cope with cancer. He takes our daily lives and makes them into something heroic. He takes our world, validates our distrust of it and then helps us to see that there's a chance to transcend the muck. He tells us that even if we fail in our struggles, we are still worthy enough to pass on our energies in
4290-471: The Bram Stoker and August Derleth Awards. In 1999, he published The Girl Who Loved Tom Gordon , about a girl who gets lost in the woods and finds solace in listening to broadcasts of Boston Red Sox games, and Hearts in Atlantis , a book of linked novellas and short stories about coming of age in the 1960s. Later that year, King was hospitalized after being hit by the driver of a van. Reflecting on
4400-542: The British Fantasy Award for Best Short Fiction. King recalls "I got the best reviews in my life. And that was the first time that people thought, woah, this isn't really a horror thing." King struggled with addiction throughout the decade and often wrote under the influence of cocaine and alcohol; he says he "barely remembers writing" Cujo . In 1983, he published Christine , "A love triangle involving 17-year-old misfit Arnie Cunningham, his new girlfriend and
4510-530: The Edgar Allan Poe Award for Best Novel . He returned to horror with Revival , which he called "a nasty, dark piece of work". King announced in June 2014 that Mr. Mercedes was part of a trilogy; the sequel, Finders Keepers , was published in 2015. The third book of the trilogy, End of Watch , was released in 2016. In 2018, he released The Outsider , which features the character Holly Gibney , and
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4620-625: The Ka-tet of the Nineteen and Ninety-nine , consisting of Jake Chambers , Eddie Dean , Susannah Dean , and Oy . Among his many enemies on the way are The Man in Black , Mordred, and The Crimson King . King created a language for his characters, known as the High Speech. Examples of this language include the phrases Thankee, Sai ("Thank you, Sir/Ma'am.") and Dan-Tete ("Little Savior"). In addition, King uses
4730-475: The anti-war novel Sword in the Darkness , still unpublished. King recalls the origin of his debut , Carrie : "Two unrelated ideas, adolescent cruelty and telekinesis, came together." It began as a short story intended for Cavalier ; King tossed the first three pages in the trash but his wife, Tabitha , recovered them, saying she wanted to know what happened next. He followed her advice and expanded it into
4840-522: The 2003 Medal for Distinguished Contribution to American Letters , the 2007 Grand Master Award from the Mystery Writers of America and the 2014 National Medal of Arts . Joyce Carol Oates called King "a brilliantly rooted, psychologically 'realistic' writer for whom the American scene has been a continuous source of inspiration, and American popular culture a vast cornucopia of possibilities." King
4950-961: The American Wild West as depicted by Clint Eastwood and Sergio Leone in their spaghetti Westerns . The first story, The Dark Tower: The Gunslinger , was initially published in five installments in The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction under the editorship of Edward L. Ferman , from 1977 to 1981. It grew into an eight-volume epic, The Dark Tower , published between 1978 and 2012. King co-wrote two novels with Peter Straub , The Talisman (1984) and Black House (2001). Straub recalls that "We tried to make it as difficult as possible for readers to identify who wrote what. Eventually, we were able to successfully imitate each other's style... Steve threw in more commas or clauses, and I kind of made things more simple in sentence structure. And I tried to make things as vivid as I could because Steve
5060-457: The Bullet , "the world's first mass e-book, with more than 500,000 downloads". Inspired by its success, he began publishing an epistolary horror novel, The Plant , in online installments using the pay what you want method. He suggested readers pay $ 1 per installment, and said he'd only continue publishing if 75% of readers paid. When The Plant folded, the public assumed that King had abandoned
5170-531: The Choo-Choo is a "children's book" by Stephen King released in 2016, published under the pseudonym Beryl Evans. It is adapted from a section of King's previous novel The Dark Tower III: The Waste Lands . It was illustrated by Ned Dameron. Several Dark Tower series arcs were published by Marvel Comics . A prequel , The Dark Tower: The Gunslinger Born is plotted by Robin Furth, scripted by Peter David , and illustrated by Jae Lee and Richard Isanove , and
5280-485: The Dragon , The Shining , and Cell . The TV miniseries Kingdom Hospital takes place in a world in which Nozz-A-La is the most popular beverage in the world, possibly meaning those events take place in the same universe as books 4 and 5 are set. Along his journey to the Dark Tower, Roland meets a great number of friends and enemies. For most of the way, he is accompanied by a group of people who, together with him, form
5390-580: The Flies . It proved formative: "It was, so far as I can remember, the first book with hands—strong ones that reached out of the pages and seized me by the throat. It said to me, 'This is not just entertainment; it's life or death.'... To me, Lord of the Flies has always represented what novels are for, why they are indispensable." He attended Durham Elementary School and entered Lisbon High School in Lisbon Falls, Maine , in 1962. He contributed to Dave's Rag ,
5500-496: The Keyhole . King noted that this novel would likely be set between the fourth and the fifth books of the series. The book, titled The Dark Tower: The Wind Through the Keyhole , was announced on Stephen King's official site on March 10, 2011, and was published on April 24, 2012. Each book in the series was originally published in hardcover format with a number of full-color illustrations spread throughout. Each book contained works by
5610-561: The Rings , Arthurian legend , and The Good, the Bad and the Ugly as inspirations. He identifies Clint Eastwood's " Man with No Name " character as one of the major inspirations for the protagonist, Roland Deschain . King's style of location names in the series, such as Mid-World, and his development of a unique language (High Speech), are also influenced by J. R. R. Tolkien 's work. A film serving as
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#17328691084355720-588: The University of Maine, King earned a certificate to teach high school but was unable to find a teaching post immediately. He sold short stories to magazines like Cavalier . Many of these early stories were republished in Night Shift (1978). In 1971, King was hired as an English teacher at Hampden Academy in Hampden, Maine . He continued to contribute short stories to magazines and worked on ideas for novels, including
5830-472: The World of The Dark Tower was published in 2016 under the pseudonym Beryl Evans and illustrated by Ned Dameron . It is adapted from a fictional book central to the plot of King's The Dark Tower III: The Waste Lands . In the late 1970s, King began a series about a lone gunslinger, Roland , who pursues the " Man in Black " in an alternate universe that is a cross between J. R. R. Tolkien 's Middle-earth and
5940-466: The basis for his first nonfiction book, Danse Macabre . In 1979, he published The Dead Zone , about an ordinary man gifted with second sight . It was the first of his novels to take place in Castle Rock, Maine . King later reflected that with The Dead Zone , "I really hit my stride." In 1982, King published Different Seasons , a collection of four novellas with a more serious dramatic bent than
6050-486: The character over Superman . In 2010, DC Comics premiered American Vampire , a comic book series co-written by King and Scott Snyder and illustrated by Rafael Albuquerque . King wrote the backstory of the first American vampire, Skinner Sweet, in the first five-issues story arc. In On Writing , King recalls: When, during the course of an interview for The New Yorker , I told the interviewer (Mark Singer) that I believed stories are found things, like fossils in
6160-463: The collection Just After Sunset . In 2009, it was announced he would serve as a writer for Fangoria . King's novel Under the Dome was published later that year, and debuted at No. 1 on The New York Times Bestseller List . Janet Maslin said of it, "Hard as this thing is to hoist, it's even harder to put down." In 2010, King published Full Dark, No Stars , a collection of four novellas with
6270-453: The common theme of retribution. In 2011, he published 11/22/63 , about a time portal leading to 1958, and an English teacher who travels through it to try to prevent the Kennedy assassination . Errol Morris called it "one of the best time travel stories since H. G. Wells ". In 2013, he published Joyland , his second book for Hard Case Crime. Later that year, he published Doctor Sleep ,
6380-453: The contrary, I want them to do things their way. In some instances, the outcome is what I visualized. In most, however, it's something I never expected." Joyce Carol Oates called King "both a storyteller and an inventor of startling images and metaphors, which linger long in the memory." An example of King's imagery is seen in The Body when the narrator recalls a childhood clubhouse with
6490-524: The course of our adventure we will visit many locations, both those familiar to Dark Tower fans and others which we only glimpsed in the Dark Tower novels. While we may not see Roland and his ka-tet in this adventure, the development team has remembered the faces of its fathers. We have done our best to honor the original Dark Tower series while simultaneously mapping new and exciting Dark Tower territory." Sony Pictures and Media Rights Capital adapted
6600-471: The creatures of a writer's imagination so frequently do... He took on his own reality, that's all, and when his cover was blown, he died." Originally, King planned Misery to be released under the pseudonym before his identity was discovered. When Desperation (1996) was released, the companion novel The Regulators was published as a "discovered manuscript" by Bachman. In 2006, King announced that he had discovered another Bachman novel, Blaze , which
6710-517: The doctor saying you have cancer or a prank phone call. So whether you talk about ghosts or vampires or Nazi war criminals living down the block, we're still talking about the same thing, which is an intrusion of the extraordinary into ordinary life and how we deal with it. What that shows about our character and our interactions with others and the society we live in interests me a lot more than monsters and vampires and ghouls and ghosts." Joyce Carol Oates said that "Stephen King's characteristic subject
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#17328691084356820-532: The eight novels of the series proper that comprise 4,250 pages, many of King's other books relate to the story, introducing concepts and characters that come into play as the series progresses. The series was chiefly inspired by the poem " Childe Roland to the Dark Tower Came " by Robert Browning , the full text of which was included in the final volume's appendix. In the preface to the revised 2003 edition of The Gunslinger , King also identifies The Lord of
6930-566: The end of World War II , living in a modest house in Scarborough. He is of Scots-Irish descent. When King was two, his father left the family. His mother raised him and his older brother David by herself, sometimes under great financial strain. They moved from Scarborough and depended on relatives in Chicago, Illinois ; Croton-on-Hudson; West De Pere, Wisconsin ; Fort Wayne, Indiana ; Malden, Massachusetts ; and Stratford, Connecticut . When King
7040-463: The ending "a valediction" that "more than delivers on what has been promised." Joshua Rothman of The New Yorker praised the series, feeling that "the novels were better and weirder than [he'd] hoped." Because it features several of his classic tropes, Rothman claimed, "If you really like Stephen King, you owe it to yourself to give the series a shot." The series has prompted related non-fiction books by authors besides King. Robin Furth has published
7150-399: The ground, he said that he didn't believe me. I replied that that was fine, as long as he believed that I believe it. And I do. Stories aren't souvenir tee-shirts or GameBoys. Stories are relics, part of an undiscovered pre-existing world. The writer's job is to use the tools in his or her toolbox to get as much of each one out of the ground intact as possible. Sometimes the fossil you uncover
7260-451: The horror fiction for which he had become famous. Alan Cheuse wrote "Each of the first three novellas has its hypnotic moments, and the last one is a horrifying little gem." Three of the four novellas were adapted as films: The Body as Stand by Me (1986); Rita Hayworth and Shawshank Redemption as The Shawshank Redemption (1994); and Apt Pupil as the film of the same name (1998). The fourth, The Breathing Method , won
7370-492: The idea was a new Dark Tower novel. King said, regarding The Dark Tower , "It's not really done yet. Those seven books are really sections of one long über-novel." King confirmed this during his TimesTalk event at The Times Center in New York City on November 10, 2009, and the next day King's official site posted that King would begin working on this novel in about eight months, with a tentative title being The Wind Through
7480-425: The idea, as if I had been ushered into a vast building filled with closed doors and had been given the key to open any I liked." King was a voracious reader in his youth: "I read everything from Nancy Drew to Psycho . My favorite was The Shrinking Man , by Richard Matheson —I was 8 when I found that." King asked a bookmobile driver, "Do you have any stories about how kids really are?" She gave him Lord of
7590-401: The incident, he said "it occurs to me that I have nearly been killed by a character out of one of my own novels. It's almost funny." He said his nurses were "told in no uncertain terms, don't make any Misery jokes". In 2000, King published On Writing , a mix of memoir and style manual which The Wall Street Journal called "a one-of-a-kind classic". Later that year he published Riding
7700-473: The last of the line of "Arthur Eld", his world's analogue of King Arthur . Politically organized along the lines of a feudal society, it shares technological and social characteristics with the American Old West but is also magical . Many of the magical aspects have vanished from Mid-World but traces remain, as do relics from a technologically advanced society. Roland's quest is to find the Dark Tower,
7810-400: The miniseries Rose Red (2002); The Diary of Ellen Rimbauer: My Life at Rose Red (2001) was written by Ridley Pearson and published anonymously as a tie-in for the series. He also developed Kingdom Hospital (2004), based on Lars von Trier 's The Kingdom . King collaborated with Stan Winston and Mick Garris on the music video Michael Jackson's Ghosts (1996). He co-wrote
7920-490: The mummy, the giant creatures that ate up New York in the old B movies. Put 'em all in there." These influences coalesced into It , about a shapeshifting monster that takes the form of its victims' fears and haunts the town of Derry, Maine. He said he thought he was done writing about monsters, and wanted to "bring on all the monsters one last time…and call it It." It won the August Derleth Award in 1987. 1987
8030-476: The musical Ghost Brothers of Darkland County (2012) with T. Bone Burnett and John Mellencamp . A soundtrack album was released, featuring Taj Mahal , Elvis Costello and Rosanne Cash , among others. In 1985, King wrote a few pages of the benefit X-Men comic book Heroes for Hope Starring the X-Men . He wrote the introduction to Batman No. 400, an anniversary issue where he expressed his preference for
8140-460: The narrators. The French audiobooks are published by Éditions Gallimard and narrated by Jacques Frantz . In Russian, The Gunslinger , as narrated by Igor Knyazev, does not have any music or sound effects The first two novels in the series, The Dark Tower: The Gunslinger and The Dark Tower II: The Drawing of the Three, were produced on audio cassette by New Audio Library (NAL) in 1988 and 1989 respectively. The Waste Lands, The Dark Tower Part III,
8250-411: The newspaper his brother printed with a mimeograph machine , and later sold stories to his friends. His first independently published story was " I Was a Teenage Grave Robber ", serialized over four issues of the fanzine Comics Review in 1965. He was a sports reporter for Lisbon's Weekly Enterprise . In 1966, King entered the University of Maine at Orono on a scholarship. While there, he wrote for
8360-472: The novel was influenced by his experiences with addiction: "Annie was my drug problem, and she was my number-one fan. God, she never wanted to leave." He published The Tommyknockers , a science fiction novel filled, he says, with metaphors for addiction. After the book was published, King's wife staged an intervention, and he agreed to seek treatment for addiction. Two years later, he published The Dark Half , about an author whose literary alter-ego takes on
8470-519: The novella Elevation . In 2019, he released The Institute . In 2020, King released If It Bleeds , a collection of four novellas. In 2021, he published Later , his third book for Hard Case Crime. In 2022, King released the novel Fairy Tale . Holly , about Holly Gibney was released in September 2023. In November 2023, the short story collection You Like It Darker , featuring twelve stories (seven previously published and five unreleased)
8580-507: The ocean floor; those coffee spoons), and William Carlos Williams (white chickens, red wheelbarrow, the plums that were in the ice box, so sweet and so cold)." King has called Richard Matheson "the author who influenced me most". Other influences include Ray Bradbury , Joseph Payne Brennan , James M. Cain , Jack Finney , Graham Greene , Elmore Leonard , John D. MacDonald , Don Robertson and Thomas Williams . He often pays homage to classic horror stories by retelling them in
8690-425: The outcome of future events ( The Dead Zone ), or if one could travel in time to alter the course of history ( 11/22/63 ). He writes that "The situation comes first. The characters—always flat and unfeatured, to begin with—come next. Once these things are fixed in my mind, I begin to narrate. I often have an idea of what the outcome may be, but I have never demanded a set of characters that they do things my way. On
8800-422: The people in it may be make believe but I need to ask myself over and over if I've told the truth about the way real people would behave in a similar situation... We understand that fiction is a lie to begin with. To ignore the truth inside the lie is to sin against the craft, in general, and one's own work in particular." In On Writing , King says "If you want to be a writer, you must do two things above all: read
8910-760: The pilot, but production company MRC is shopping the pilot scripts elsewhere. In December 2022, director Mike Flanagan announced that he had acquired the rights to develop a television series based on the books and has plans for a multi-season release. Currently there exist five audio versions of The Dark Tower series – in English, Polish, German, French and Russian. The audio book in English published by Hodder & Stoughton features voices of George Guidall and Frank Muller and has neither music nor sound effects. The audio book in German published by Deutschland Random House Audio introduces Vittorio Alfieri and David Nathan as
9020-591: The project because sales were unsuccessful, but King later said he had simply run out of stories. The unfinished novel is still available from King's official site, now free. In 2002, King published From a Buick 8 , a return to the territory of Christine . In 2005, he published the mystery The Colorado Kid for the Hard Case Crime imprint. In 2006, he published Cell , in which a mysterious signal broadcast over cell phones turns users into mindless killers. That same year, he published Lisey's Story , about
9130-641: The pseudonym Richard Bachman and has co-written works with other authors, notably his friend Peter Straub and sons Joe Hill and Owen King . He has also written nonfiction, notably Danse Macabre (1981) and On Writing: A Memoir of the Craft (2000). Among other awards, King has won the O. Henry Award for " The Man in the Black Suit " (1994) and the Los Angeles Times Book Prize for Mystery/Thriller for 11/22/63 (2011). He has also won honors for his overall contributions to literature, including
9240-406: The pseudonym Richard Bachman. He explains: "I did that because back in the early days of my career there was a feeling in the publishing business that one book a year was all the public would accept...eventually the public got wise to this because you can change your name but you can't really disguise your style." Bachman's surname is derived from the band Bachman–Turner Overdrive and his first name
9350-474: The rights to The Dark Tower books for a series adaptation, though it was not made clear at first if anyone from the film would be involved. It was later confirmed that the series would serve as a reboot, with Sam Strike and Jasper Pääkkönen being cast as Roland Deschain and The Man in Black, respectively. In June 2019, Michael Rooker , Jerome Flynn and Joana Ribeiro were also believed to be cast members. In January 2020, Amazon decided not to move forward with
9460-584: The series for film. The film is directed by Nikolaj Arcel, and stars Idris Elba and Matthew McConaughey , cast respectively as Roland Deschain and Walter O'Dim. The film was released on August 4, 2017. Critics panned the film with it receiving a score of 16% on Rotten Tomatoes. The film combines elements from several novels in The Dark Tower series, serving as a canonical sequel to the novel series. Stephen King has indicated that The Dark Tower film and television series will follow Roland's "last time round" to
9570-476: The series progressed; while he marveled at the "sheer absurdity of [the books'] existence" and complimented King's writing style, he said preparation would have improved the series, stating "King doesn't have the writerly finesse for these sorts of games, and the voices let him down." Michael Berry of the San Francisco Chronicle , however, called the series' early installments "highfalutin hodgepodge" but
9680-464: The series was declared finished with the publication of the seventh volume in 2004, Stephen King described in an interview in March 2009 an idea for a new short story he'd recently had: "And then I thought, 'Well, why don't I find three more like this and do a book that would be almost like modern fairy tales?' Then this thing started to add on bits and pieces so I guess it will be a novel." According to King,
9790-399: The student newspaper, The Maine Campus , and found mentors in the professors Edward Holmes and Burton Hatlen . King participated in a writing workshop organized by Hatlen, where he fell in love with Tabitha Spruce . King graduated in 1970 with a Bachelor of Arts in English, and his daughter Naomi Rachel was born that year. King and Spruce wed in 1971. King paid tribute to Hatlen: "Burt
9900-448: The survival of humanity." In his acceptance speech for the Medal for Distinguished Contribution to American Letters, King said: " Frank Norris , the author of McTeague , said something like this: 'What should I care if they, i.e., the critics, single me out for sneers and laughter? I never truckled, I never lied. I told the truth.' And that's always been the bottom line for me. The story and
10010-546: The term Ka , which is the approximate equivalent of destiny, or fate, in the fictional language High Speech (and similarly, Ka-tet, a group of people bound together by fate/destiny). This term originated in Egyptian mythology and storytelling, and has figured in several other novels and screenplays since 1976. The term also appears in King's short story, "Low Men in Yellow Coats", in which Ted describes its meaning to Bobby. While
10120-519: The time ' Salem's Lot was published. After his mother's death, King and his family moved to Boulder, Colorado . He paid a visit to the Stanley Hotel in Estes Park which provided the basis for The Shining , about an alcoholic writer and his family taking care of a hotel for the winter. King's family returned to Auburn, Maine in 1975, where he completed The Stand , an apocalyptic novel about
10230-462: The titular Dark Tower. In July 2016, director Nikolaj Arcel confirmed that The Dark Tower film would be a sequel to the novels as well as a direct adaptation, with Roland in the next cycle of his journey to the Tower. In a 2017 interview with Collider , Stephen King expressed hope for a sequel film in addition to the upcoming television series, suggesting that it should be R-rated , with Roland wearing
10340-507: The two-volume Stephen King's The Dark Tower: A Concordance , an encyclopedia-style companion to the series that she originally wrote for King's personal use. Bev Vincent has published The Road to The Dark Tower: Exploring Stephen King's Magnum Opus , a book containing back story, summary and analysis and The Dark Tower Companion , which includes interviews and coverage of the Marvel graphic novels. Stephen King has endorsed these books. Charlie
10450-471: The wall was very much a product of the nineteenth." Similarly, King's Revival is a modern riff on Mary Shelley 's Frankenstein . King dedicated it to "the people who built my house": Shelley, Stoker, H. P. Lovecraft , Clark Ashton Smith , Donald Wandrei , Fritz Leiber , August Derleth , Shirley Jackson , Robert Bloch , Straub and Arthur Machen , "whose short novel The Great God Pan has haunted me all my life". List of characters from
10560-554: The widow of a novelist. He calls it his favorite of his novels, because "I've always felt that marriage creates its own secret world, and only in a long marriage can two people at least approach real knowledge about each other. I wanted to write about that, and felt that I actually got close to what I really wanted to say." In 2007, King served as guest editor for the annual anthology The Best American Short Stories . In 2008, King published Duma Key , his first novel set in Florida, and
10670-443: Was 11, his family moved to Durham, Maine , where his mother cared for her parents until their deaths. After that, she became a caregiver in a local residential facility for the mentally challenged. King says he started writing when he was "about six or seven, just copying panels out of comic books and then making up my own stories ... Film was also a major influence. I loved the movies from the start. So when I started to write, I had
10780-405: Was an unusually productive year for King. He published The Eyes of the Dragon , a high fantasy novel which he originally wrote for his daughter. He published Misery , about a popular writer who is injured in a car wreck and held captive by Annie Wilkes, his self-described "number-one fan". Misery shared the inaugural Bram Stoker Award with Swan Song by Robert R. McCammon . King says
10890-637: Was born in Portland, Maine , on September 21, 1947. His father, Donald Edwin King, a traveling vacuum salesman after returning from World War II , was born in Indiana with the surname Pollock, changing it to King as an adult. King's mother was Nellie Ruth King (née Pillsbury). His parents were married in Scarborough, Maine , on July 23, 1939. They lived with Donald's family in Chicago before moving to Croton-on-Hudson, New York . King's parents returned to Maine towards
11000-533: Was coked out of my mind all through its production, and really didn't know what I was doing." It was neither a critical nor a commercial success; King was nominated for a Golden Raspberry for Worst Director, but lost to Prince , for Under the Cherry Moon . In the 1990s, King wrote several miniseries: Golden Years (1991), The Stand (1994), The Shining (1997) and Storm of the Century (1999). He wrote
11110-541: Was produced on audio cassette by Penguin Highbridge Audio in 1991. Each of these early editions was narrated by the author. The Waste Lands includes musical accompaniment throughout. All of these editions were subsequently re-recorded in 1997 with Frank Muller as the narrator for continuity. Muller narrates the fourth book in the series, The Dark Tower IV: Wizard and Glass. Stephen King selected Muller as his voice for all audio narrations at this time. Frank Muller suffered
11220-479: Was published by Scribner in May 2024. The book debuted at No. 1 on The New York Times fiction best-seller list for the week ending May 25, 2024. King announced an upcoming novel named Never Flinch on November 18, 2024. The novel is set to release on May 27, 2025. King published five short novels— Rage (1977), The Long Walk (1979), Roadwork (1981), The Running Man (1982) and Thinner (1984)—under
11330-588: Was published in the Halloween issue of The New Yorker . The story went on to win the 1996 O. Henry Award . In 1996, King published The Green Mile , the story of a death row inmate, as a serial novel in six parts. It had the distinction of holding the first, fourth, tenth, twelfth, fourteenth, and fifteenth positions on the New York Times paperback-best-seller list at the same time. In 1998, he published of Bag of Bones , his first book with Scribner , about
11440-526: Was published the following year. The original manuscript had been held at the University of Maine for many years and had been covered by numerous King experts. King rewrote the original 1973 manuscript for its publication. King has used other pseudonyms. In 1972, the short story " The Fifth Quarter " was published under the name John Swithen (a Carrie character) in Cavalier . Charlie the Choo-Choo: From
11550-464: Was released in 2008, and The Dark Tower: Guide to Gilead was released in 2009. All three books were written by Anthony Flamini , with Furth serving as creative consultant. End-World Almanac and Guide to Gilead feature illustrations by David Yardin. A five-issue adaptation of King's novel The Dark Tower: The Gunslinger , titled The Dark Tower: The Gunslinger - The Journey Begins , began publication on May 19, 2010. The collected hardback edition
11660-463: Was released on April 21, 2009. Following the completion of the third arc a one-shot issue titled The Dark Tower: Sorcerer was released April 8, 2009. The story focuses on the history of the villainous wizard Marten Broadcloak . The fourth arc, The Dark Tower: Fall of Gilead , began publication on May 13, 2009. A hardcover volume containing all 6 issues, as well as the Sorcerer One-Shot
11770-450: Was released on February 2, 2010. The fifth arc, The Dark Tower: Battle of Jericho Hill , began publication on December 3, 2009. A hardcover volume containing all 5 issues was released on August 17, 2010. Marvel Comics has also published three supplemental books to date that expand upon characters and locations first introduced in the novels. The Dark Tower: Gunslingers' Guidebook was released in 2007, The Dark Tower: End-World Almanac
11880-430: Was released on January 25, 2012. A third adaptation of King's novel The Dark Tower: The Gunslinger , titled The Dark Tower: The Gunslinger - The Way Station , began publication on December 14, 2011. The collected hardback edition was released on June 27, 2012. December 7, 2009 saw the release of a spin-off online game titled Discordia , available to play free of charge on the official Stephen King website. The game
11990-473: Was released on January 26, 2011. An adaptation of King's novella " The Little Sisters of Eluria ", titled The Dark Tower: The Gunslinger - The Little Sisters of Eluria , began publication on December 8, 2010. The collected hardback edition was released on June 8, 2011. A second adaptation of King's novel The Dark Tower: The Gunslinger , titled The Dark Tower: The Gunslinger - The Battle of Tull , began publication on June 1, 2011. The collected hardback edition
12100-501: Was the greatest English teacher I ever had. It was he who first showed me the way to the pool, which he called 'the language pool, the myth-pool, where we all go down to drink.' That was in 1968. I have trod the path that leads there often in the years since, and I can think of no better place to spend one's days; the water is still sweet, and the fish still swim." King sold his first professional short story, " The Glass Floor ", to Startling Mystery Stories in 1967. After graduating from
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