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68-640: Dr.Naziya Teron is one of the five clans of the Karbi people in Northeast India and Bangladesh . Sometimes pronounce as Toron in Dumra area of Karbi inhabitance and sometimes as Tron in Ri-Bhoi area of Meghalaya state. It is also known as Kronjang in verses, poetry or songs. Karbi people The Karbis or Mikir are a Tibeto-Burman ethnic group in Northeast India . They are mostly concentrated in

136-717: A Buranji , the first Ahom king Sukaphaa (r. 1228–1268) encountered a Kachari group in the Tirap region (currently in Arunachal Pradesh ), who informed him that they along with their chief had to leave a place called Mohung (salt springs) losing it to the Nagas and that they were settled near the Dikhou river . This supports a tradition that the eastern boundary of the Kachari domain extended up to Mohong or Namdang river (near Joypur, Assam ) beyond

204-507: A Sanksritised name of the king (Viravijay Narayan, identified with Khorapha) with the mention of a goddess Chandi , there is no mention of the King's lineage but a mention of Hachengsa, a Boro-Garo name indicated that an appropriate Kshatriya lineage had still not been created by 1520. The first Hindu coin from the Brahmaputra valley, it followed the same weights and measures of the coins from

272-688: A close association between the Dimasa language and the Moran language that was alive till the beginning of the 20th-century, suggesting that the Dimasa kingdom had an eastern Assam presence before the advent of the Ahoms . The eastern Assam origin of the Dimasas is further reinforced by the tradition of the tutelary goddess Kecaikhati whose primary shrine was around Sadiya ; the tribal goddess common to many Kachari peoples : as

340-570: A lineage called Ha-tsung-tsa or Ha-cheng-sa , a name first mentioned in a coin from 1520. Some of them had to leave due to a political turmoil and while crossing the Brahmaputra some of them were swept away —therefore, they are called Dimasa ("Son-of-the-big-river"). The similarity in Dimasa traditions and religious beliefs with those of the Chutiya kingdom supports this tradition of initial unity and then divergence. Linguistic studies too point to

408-620: A representative to the royal assembly called Mel , a powerful institution that could elect a king. The representatives sat in the Mel mandap (Council Hall) according to the status of the Sengphong and which provided a counterfoil to royal powers. Over time, the Sengphongs developed a hierarchical structure with five royal Sengphongs though most of the kings belonged to the Hacengha (Hasnusa) clan. Some of

476-694: Is Lek. Leks are made of coins and colourful beads too and are locally known by the name of Ser Alek Pongting, Lek Pengkhara, Lek Bonghom, Lek Waikom, Lek Jingjiri, etc. Men too wear Leks – in gold. The traditional names of lek that men wear are Lek Ruve, Lek Sobai and Lek Manduli. Many of these ornaments are unfortunately no longer commonly found. Like women in any other community, Karbi women too wear bracelets, called Roi. A variety of Rois are in use such as Roi Pengkhara, Roi Ke-er, Roi Kelok, etc. The ornaments that women wear to adorn their ears are called No Thengpi. Again, there are different types of No Thengpis, such as Thengpi Angrongkatengbai, Angrong Kangchim, etc. Men of

544-494: Is a corrupted form of the word Kochpur. Gopichandranarayan (r.1745-1757), Harichandra (r.1757-1772) and Laxmichandra (r.1772-1773) were brothers and ruled the kingdom in succession. In 1790, a formal act of conversion took place and Gopichandranarayan and his brother Laxmichandranarayan were proclaimed to be Hindus of the Kshatriya caste. During the reign of Krishnachandra (1790 - 1813), a number of Moamarias rebels took shelter in

612-510: Is a corruption of Dimasa . The Dimasa kingdom did not record their history, and much of the early information come from other sources. The Ahom Buranjis, for instance, record that in 1490 the Ahom king Suhenphaa (1488–93) created a forward post at Tangsu and when the Dimasas killed the commander and 120 men the Ahoms sued for peace by offering a princess to the Dimasa king along with other presents, but

680-455: Is a long black cloth with designs and decorated fringes at the length end worn to cover the breasts. Nowadays it has been replaced by the blouse. The attire of men includes Choi, Poho, Rikong and Sator. Choi is the jacket worn by men. These are of different types like choi hongthor, choi ik, choi ang, choi miri etc. Choi hongthor a ki-ik, choi hongthor ake-lok are meant for young men. While choi ang, choi miri are for middle aged and aged men. Poho

748-579: Is a square piece of cloth tied at the right shoulder. It can be of different colours and designs like pe sleng, pe duphirso, pe khonjari, pe luru, pe jangphong and pe sarpi. Pe sarpi is generally for older women, pe sleng, pe jangphong is for middle-aged women while pe duphirso is meant for young women. Vamkok is a belt used to tie the Pini tight at the waist. It has colourful fringes at both the length ends and can be found in designs like amekpi, amekso, abermung, thoithesuri angphar, suve arvo and phonglong angsu etc. Jiso

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816-480: Is to preserve Karbis dying culture and traditions. Karbis have their own traditional attire. Their clothing resembles Southeast Asian clothing, but with varied materials and design. The traditional attire of women consists of Pini, Pekok, Vamkok and Jiso. Pini is a type of skirt of black colour and worn around the waist tied with a belt. It can be of different designs like jangre, santok, honki ranchom, marbong homkri, ahi cherop, chamburukso apini, mekserek etc. Pekok

884-757: Is used as lingua-franca to communicate with other indigenous Assamese communities. Many of the plain Karbis use Assamese as their mother tongue. Several Assamese loan words have made their way into the Karbi Language and this is apparent in most parts of Karbi Anglong . For example, Kaam (Assamese origin word) is used in place of Sai which means Work in English. Even Assamese also has loan words. For example "Hanseronk Tenga" ( Karbi origin word) "Hanseronk". There are also minute variations in native Karbi language that can be observed in different geographical regions inhabited by

952-415: Is worn around the head or used as a muffler. The different kinds of poho include the simple long white poho, poho ke-er, and poho kelok. Rikong is the loin cloth worn by men during work, but it is rarely used now. It is of various types like rikong jongjong with colourful designs and simple white rikong bamon. Sator is a white piece of cloth worn by men around the waist as the dhoti covering the whole length of

1020-779: The Ahom Kingdom had to face the Burmese invasion. The Burmese who invaded Assam perpetrated inhumane oppression on the people. The Karbis took refuge in the deep jungles and high hills leaving their hearth and home in the sub-mountainous regions. While some of the Karbis migrated to Western Assam , some had crossed the Brahmaputra and settled in the north bank which today encompasses the districts of Biswanath , Sonitpur and Lakhimpur . Many inland Karbis follow Animism as their religions that has been influenced by their culture and traditions. The practitioners of Animism believe in reincarnation and honor their ancestors even though with despite

1088-775: The Ahom kingdom . The last king, Govinda Chandra Hasnu, was restored by the British after the Yandabo Treaty in 1826, but he was unable to subjugate Senapati Tularam who ruled the hilly regions. Senapati Tularam Dimasa domain was Mahur River and the Naga Hills in the south, the Doyang River on the west, the Dhansiri River on the east and Jamuna and Doyang in the north. In 1830, Govinda Chandra Hasnu died. In 1832, Senapoti Tularam Thaosen

1156-588: The Gandharva system and a son was born to princess Hidimbi, named Ghatotkacha. He ruled the Kachari Kingdom for many decades. Thereafter, kings of his lineage ruled over the vast land of the " Dilao " river ( which translates to "long river" in English), now known as Brahmaputra River for centuries until 4th century AD. The Dimasa Kachari kingdom came under Burmese occupation in the late early 19th-century along with

1224-592: The Kopili , along with Tiwas and Borahis, and the entire Kaziranga area, the famous National Park situated in Assam, was within their habitation. There are also stone monuments, monolithic & megalithic structures laying scattered in various parts of West Karbi Anglong district which forms a part of folklore narratives and are yet to be properly researched. During the reigns of the Dimasa Kachari kings, they were driven to

1292-610: The Rabhas , Morans , Tiwas , Koch , Chutias , etc. According to legend Hachengsa (or Hasengcha ) was an extraordinary boy brought up by a tiger and a tigress in a forest near Dimapur who replaced the existing king following divine oracles; which likely indicates the emergence of a strong military leader able to consolidate power. Subsequently, the Hasengcha Sengfang (clan) emerged and beginning with Khorapha (1520 in Dimapur),

1360-457: The Tripura Kingdom , which was taken over by Koch king Chilarai in the 16th century. The region was ruled by a tributary ruler, Kamalnarayana, the brother of king Chilarai. Around 18th century Bhima Singha, the last Koch ruler of Khaspur, didn't have any male heir. His daughter, Kanchani, married Laxmichandra, the Dimasa prince of Maibang kingdom. And once the last Koch king Bhima Singha died

1428-485: The 16th century by those outside the Dimasa kingdom who practiced sedentary agriculture and who had already experienced Brahminism. After subjugating the Ahoms in 1564, the Koch commander Chilarai advanced on Marangi, subjugated Dimarua and finally advanced on the Dimasa kingdom, then possibly under Durlabh Narayan or his predecessor Nirbhay Narayan and made it into a feudatory of the Koch kingdom . This campaign realigned

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1496-596: The 18th century, a divine Hindu origin was constructed for the rulers of the Kachari kingdom and it was named Hidimba , and the kings as Hidimbesvar. The name Hiḍimbā continued to be used in the official records when the East India Company took over the administration of Cachar. The origin of the Dimasa Kingdom is not clear. According to tradition, the Dimasa had their domain in Kamarupa and their king belonged to

1564-463: The Ahoms went on the offence and Khunkhara's brother Detcha lost his life attacking the newly erected Ahom fort at Marangi. Both the Ahom king and the commander then attacked the Nenguriya fort, and Khunkhara had to flee with his son. The Ahoms force under Kan-Seng then reached Dimapur following which Detchung, a son of the earlier king Khorapha, approached Suhungmung at Nenguriya and submitted his claim to

1632-588: The Cachar state. The Ahoms blamed the Dimasa for providing refuge to the rebels and this led to a number of small skirmishes between the Ahoms and the Dimasas from 1803 to 1805. The King of Manipur sought the help of Krishna Chandra Dwaja Narayan Hasnu Kachari against the Burmese Army . The King Krishna Chandra defeated Burmese in the war and in lieu was offered the Manipuri Princess Induprabha. As he

1700-673: The Dimasa group moved to the west of the Dikhou river. These isolated early accounts of the Dimasas suggest that they controlled the region between the Dikhu river in the east and the Kolong river in the west and included the Dhansiri valley and the north Cachar hills from the late 13th century. The Ahom language Buranjis call the Dimasa kings khun timisa , and place them initially in Dimapur , where Timisa

1768-500: The Dimasa king Khorapha was killed, and Khunkhara, his brother, came to power. The two kingdoms made peace and decided to maintain the Dhansiri river as the boundary. This peace did not hold and fighting broke out between an advancing Ahom force against a Kachari force arrayed along the Dhansiri—the Kacharis were successful initially, but they suffered a massive loss at Marangi, and again an uneasy stalemate prevailed. In 1531

1836-496: The Dimasa king preparing to attack them. This led Sankardeva and his group to abandon the region for good. One of the earliest mention of Kachari is found in the Bhagavat of Sankardev in the section composed during the later part of his life in the Koch kingdom where he uses it synonymously with Kirata . Another early mention of the name Kachari comes from Kacharir Niyam ( Rules of

1904-507: The Dimasa king, installed Jasa Manik on the throne of Jaintia Kingdom , who manipulated events to bring the Dimasa Kacharis into conflict with the Ahoms once again in 1618. Satrudaman, the most Dimasa powerful king, ruled over Dimarua in Nagaon district , North Cachar, Dhansiri valley, plains of Cachar and parts of eastern Sylhet . After his conquest of Sylhet, he struck coins in his name. By

1972-552: The Dimasa kings continued to draw lineage from Hachengcha in Maibong and Khaspur till the 19th century. Given different traditions and legends, the only reliable sources of the early history of the Dimasa kingdom is that given in the Buranjis, even though they are primarily narrations of wars between the Ahom and the Dimasa polities. The historical accounts of the Dimasas begin with mentions in Ahom chronicles: according to an account in

2040-539: The Dimasa throne. The Ahoms thereafter claimed the Dimasa king as thapita-sanchita (established and preserved), and the Dimasa kingdom provided support to the Ahom kingdom when it was under the attack of Turbak in 1532/1533, a Turko-Afghan commander from Bengal. But when Detchung (also called Dersongpha) tried to throw off the yoke Suhungmung advanced against Detchung captured and killed him, and then advanced on and occupied Dimapur in 1536. The Dimasas rulers thereafter abandoned Dimapur. The current ruins at Dimapur,

2108-527: The Dimasas migrated to Khaspur, thus merging the two kingdoms into one as Kachari kingdom under the king Gopichandranarayan, as the control of the Khaspur kingdom went to the ruler of the Maibong kingdom as inheritance from the royal marriage and established their capital in Khaspur, near present-day Silchar . The independent rule of the Khaspur's Koch rulers ended in 1745 when it merged with the Kachari kingdom. Khaspur

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2176-620: The Kacharis ), composed during the reign of Tamradhwaj Narayan ( r.  1697–1708? ), when the Dimasa rulers were still ruling in Maibang. A coin dated 1520 commemorating a decisive victory over enemies is one of the earliest direct evidence of the historical kingdom. Since no conflict with the Kacharis is mentioned in the Ahom Buranjis it is conjectured that the enemy could have been the nascent Koch kingdom of Biswa Singha . Though issued in

2244-844: The Karbi Anglong district, the Karbi-inhabited areas include Dima Hasao , Kamrup Metropolitan, Hojai , Morigaon , Nagaon , Golaghat , Karimganj , Lakhimpur , Sonitpur and Biswanath Chariali districts of Assam ; Balijan circle of Papumpare district in Arunachal Pradesh ; Jaintia Hills , Ri Bhoi , East Khasi Hills and West Khasi Hills districts in Meghalaya ; Dimapur District in Nagaland , Mizoram and Sylhet district of Bangladesh with disproportionate distribution. However, Karbis in other Indian states like Meghalaya, Mizoram and Nagaland are unable to identify themselves as belonging to

2312-509: The Karbis. For example, the Plain Karbis and Hill Karbis. The Karbis are a patrilineal society. They are composed of five major clans or Kur. They are Engti (Lijang), Terang (Hanjang), Enghee (Ejang), Teron (Kronjang) and Timung (Tungjang) which are again divided into many sub-clans such as Tisso, Rongpi, Bey and others. Clans in Karbi are exogamous, in other words, marriages between members of

2380-560: The King of Jaintia Kingdom, after his imprisonment he sent messengers to the Assam king for help, in response Rudra Singha deputed his generals with over 43,000 troops to invade Jaintia kingdom. The Jaintia king was captured and taken to the court of Rudra Singha where the Jaintia king submitted and the territories of the Dimasa Kingdom and Jaintia kingdom got annexed to the Ahom kingdom . Kacharis had three ruling clans ( semfongs ): Bodosa (an old historical clan), Thaosengsa (the clan to which

2448-591: The Muslim Sultans of Bengal and Tripura and indicate influence from them. This kingdom might have been part of ancient Sinitic networks such as the Ming dynasty (1368–1644). Soon after absorbing the Chutia kingdom in 1523 Suhungmung , the Ahom king, decided to recover the territory the Ahoms had lost in 1490 to the Dimasa kingdom and sent his commander Kan-Seng in 1526 who advanced up to Marangi. In one of these attacks

2516-488: The Sanskrit markings of the 1520 silver coin issued by Viravijay Narayan (Khorapha), the city lacked any sign of Brahminical influence, from the observations in 1536 as recorded in the Buranjis, as well as the colonial observations of 1874. The fall of Dimapur in 1536 was followed by a 22-year period of interregnum , and there is no mention of a king in the records. In either 1558 or 1559 a son of Detsung, Madanakumara, assumed

2584-724: The Scheduled Tribes, as the Constitution of India only recognises ' Mikir' . With a population of around 4 lakhs 21 thousand (421,156) as per 2011 Census, the Karbis constitute a large community. The Karbis linguistically belong to the Tibeto-Burman group. The original home of the various people speaking Tibeto-Burman languages was in western China near the Yang-Tee-Kiang and the Howang-ho rivers and from these places, they went down

2652-509: The clans provided specialized services to the state ministers, ambassadors, storekeepers, court writers, and other bureaucrats and ultimately developed into professional groups, e.g. Songyasa (king's cooks), Nablaisa (fishermen). By the 17th century, the Dimasa Kachari rule extended into the plains of Cachar. The plains people did not participate in the courts of the Dimasa Kachari king directly. They were organized according to khels , and

2720-667: The courses of the Brahmaputra , the Chindwin , and the Irrawaddy and entered India and Burma . The Karbis, along with others, entered North East India from Central Asia or from South East Asian countries like Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia or the Philippines. The folklore of the Karbis, however, indicate that during the long past, once they used to live on the banks of the rivers the Kalang and

2788-475: The earlier king, claimed in the coin issued earlier in 1520 from Dimapur that he had defeated the enemies of Hachengsa without specifying his relationship to him but Nirbhaya Narayana and his successors in Maibong for the next hundred years or so claimed in their coins that they belonged to the family of Hachensa; thereby signalling a change in the mode of legitimacy from deed to birth. On the other hand Dimasa kings from Maibang are recorded as Lord of Heremba from

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2856-558: The first mentor of music, art and culture of the Karbis, who was believed to have enlightened them and brought a renaissance in the domain of art and aesthetics by acting like a sauntering folk singer assisted by the Mirjeng brothers. Karbi musical instruments are similar to other indigenous tribal musical instruments. The difference is in the variance of play and beat. The Karbis residing in hilly areas traditionally practice jhum cultivation ( Slash-and-burn cultivation) whereas those dwelling in

2924-577: The followers of 'Hemphu-Mukrang' for which they prefer themselves as 'Hemphu-Mukrang aso' which means Son of Hemphu and Mukrang . The Karbi deities can be divided into three groups according to their function and these are Hem-Angtar, Rongker and Thengpi-Thengso. The Karbis have no idols, temples or shrines but they do worship the spirits of each particular space, area or territories called ‘Longri Arnam’ (territorial deities), which in Assamese in known as than (sacred place or groves). In recent years, with

2992-578: The forehead down to the chin. Locally referred as 'duk' in Karbi dialect, the tattoo was a symbol of culture, purity and status in the society. It was believed that duk was not a mere tattoo but possessed the divinity to purify the soul; girls who had not received duk were considered immature and unholy. Karbi have a rich oral tradition with songs, which are different from normal spoken words. These songs are an oral narration of ancestors' stories passed through generations. Karbi history has been carried forward through narrative songs. Thanks to Rangsina Sarpo,

3060-399: The hill districts of Karbi Anglong and West Karbi Anglong of Assam. The origin of the word Karbi is unknown. Historically and by ancestry they called themselves Arleng (literally "man" in Karbi language ) and are called Karbi by others. They were referred to and identified as "Mikir" during British rule. The term Mikir is now considered derogatory. There is no definitive meaning of

3128-521: The hills and some of them entered into Jaintia hills , the erstwhile Jaintia Kingdom and lived under Jaintia suzerainty. While a section of the Karbis remained in the Jaintia kingdom, others moved towards the north-east by crossing the river Barapani, a tributary of the Kopili and entered into the Rongkhang Ranges. There they established their capital at a place called Socheng. The Karbis who migrated to

3196-473: The integration of the traditional lifestyle with the market economy, many of the traditional institutions and way of life has been left damaged, bringing about unending sufferings on the people. As of 2003, the district of Karbi Anglong has the highest HPI (Human Poverty Index) value of 33.52 within the entire state of Assam. 40°19′52″N 44°22′35″E  /  40.3311°N 44.3764°E  / 40.3311; 44.3764 Dimasa kingdom In

3264-499: The king provided justice and collected revenue via an official called the Uzir . Though the plains people did not participate in the Dimasa Kachari royal court, the Dharmadhi guru and other Brahmins in the court cast a considerable influence, especially with the beginning of the 18th century. In the medieval era, after the fall of Kamarupa kingdom the region of Khaspur was originally a part of

3332-415: The kings belonged), and Hasyungsa (to which the kings relatives belonged). The king at Maibang was assisted in his state duties by a council of ministers ( Patra and Bhandari ), led by a chief called Barbhandari . These and other state offices were manned by people of the Dimasa group, who were not necessarily Hinduized. There were about 40 clans called Sengphong of the Dimasa people, each of which sent

3400-446: The legs. A long pe seleng is also used as sator with colourful designs all over and borders at both the length end which covers up to the knee. In the case of ornaments, the Karbi society has certain rules. Karbi women are usually not allowed to wear gold ornaments, which are reserved for men. Since women wear more ornaments than men, silver is abundantly used. A distinct piece of ornament that Karbi women wear around their necks in silver

3468-406: The name of the Dimasa king is not known. The Dimasas thus recovered the region east of the Dikhau river that it had lost in the late 13th century. Ekasarana biographies of Sankardeva written after his death use the name Kachari for the Dimasa people and the kingdom and record that around 1516 the Baro-Bhuyans at Alipukhuri came into conflict with their Kachari neighbors which escalated into

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3536-435: The plains earn their livelihood by engaging in agriculture and livestock rearing. They grow a variety of crops which include foodgrains, vegetables and fruits like rice, maize, potato, sweet potato, tapioca, beans, ginger, and turmeric. They are quite self-sufficient and have homestead gardens with betel nut, jackfruit, oranges, pineapple, pear, peach, plum, etc. which fulfill their nutritional as well as food needs. However, with

3604-477: The reign of Birdarpan Narayan (reign around 1644), the Dimasa rule had withdrawn completely from the Dhansiri valley and it reverted to a jungle forming a barrier between the kingdom and the Ahom kingdom . When a successor king, Tamradhwaj, declared independence, the Ahom king Rudra Singha deputed 2 of his generals to invade Maibong with over 71,000 troops, and destroyed its forts in 1706. Tamardhwaj fled to Jaintia Kingdom where he got treacherously imprisoned by

3672-524: The relationships and rearranged the territorial controls among the political formations of the time. Dimarua, which was a feudatory of the Dimasa kingdom, was set up by Chilarai was a buffer against the Jaintia kingdom . The hold of the Ahom kingdom, which was already subjugated, over the Dimasa kingdom weakened. Further, Chilarai defeated and killed the Twipra king, and occupied the Cachar region from him and established Koch administration there at Brahmapur (Khaspur) under his brother Kamal Narayan —this region

3740-399: The river Dichang, before the arrival of Ahoms. Given the settlement was large, Sukaphaa decided not to engage with them before settling with the Barahi and Moran polities. During the reign of Sukaphaa's successor Suteuphaa ( r.  1268–1281 ) the Ahoms negotiated with this group of the Dimasa, who had been in the region between Dikhou and Namdang for about three generations by then, and

3808-475: The same city that Suhungmung occupied, include a 2 mile long brick wall on three sides, with the Dhansiri river on the fourth with water tanks—indicating a large city. The existing gateway too was in brick and display the Islamic architectural style of Bengal. The ruins include curious carved 12 feet tall pillars of sandstone with hemispherical tops and foliated carvings with representations of animals and birds but no humans that display no Hindu influence. Despite

3876-405: The same clan are not allowed because they are considered brothers and sisters among themselves. Cousin Marriage (in-laws, Mother & Father side) is highly favoured and so is a love marriage . Arranged marriages are rarely seen in modern Karbi society. After marriage, neither the bride nor the groom changes their surname i.e. they retain their original surname. Due to the same reason, a member of

3944-614: The same clan cannot marry each other. The children of the couple would inherit the surname of their father. The notion of Dowry doesn't exist in Karbi, as well as in the indigenous people of Northeast India region. The traditional system of governance is headed by the Lindok, the king, who is assisted by the Katharpo, the Dilis, the Habes, and the Pinpos. These posts of administration, however, are now merely ceremonial with no real power. The Karbis celebrate many festivals. Among them Hacha-Kekan, Chojun, Rongker, Peng Karkli, Thoi Asor Rit Asor and Botor Kekur are some such festivals held around

4012-411: The significant Hindu religious plan and influence of the Vaishnavism variation. The Karbi religion and belief system is based on ritual ancestor worship , worship of household and territorial deities, and rituals for their ancestors, known as 'Karhi'. Practically, it is the 'Hemphu-Mukrang' duo that dominates the Karbi Pantheon Thus, those Karbis who still follows the traditional practices are known as

4080-510: The spread of new faiths (Aron Kimi), a number of new religious movements have come to fore, such as Lokhimon (A variation of Vaishnavism founded by Lokhon Ingti Hensek), Karbi Bhaktitom Trust (Founded by Smt. Ambika Tokbipi), Sat Sang (A reform of Hinduism founded by Thakur Anukul Chandra) and Honghari. These religious movements have influenced a section of Karbi population in the district. The Karbis mainly speak their native language, i.e. Karbi language . Karbis are well versed in Assamese which

4148-426: The throne with the name Nirbhaya Narayana, and established his capital at Maibang in the North Cachar hills . Not all the Kachari people accompanied the rulers from Dimapur to Maibong—and those who remained in the plains developed independently in language and customs. In the hills around Maibong, the Dimasa rulers encountered already established Naga and Kuki peoples, who accepted the Dimasa rule. Khorapha,

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4216-412: The tribe too wear ear ornaments. They are called Norik, made of gold or silver. The rings that Karbis wear are called Arnan. Arnan Ke-et, Arnan Kelop, Rup Bonda, Ser Bonda and Vokapardon Arnan are some of the rings that Karbis commonly flaunt on their fingers. Karbi priests wear arnans only made of copper. Traditionally, a characteristic feature of a Karbi woman was her facial tattoo, dyed with indigo from

4284-461: The village and the people living in it. The Chomangkan (also known as "thi-karhi") is a festival of the Karbis. It is a ceremony conducted by a family to ensure the peace and safe passage of the soul of a deceased family member. The ceremony may be held recently or long after their death and is the final homage for the deceased person as no further death anniversary is held again. This is a yearly festival celebrated by Karbi people. The festival motto

4352-451: The word Mikir in Karbi language. The closest meaning of Mikir could be said to be derived from "Mekar" (English: People) . The Karbi community is the principal indigenous community in the Karbi Anglong district and West Karbi Anglong district of the Indian State of Assam . The districts are administered as per the provisions of the Sixth Schedule of the Constitution of India, having been granted autonomy on 17 November 1951. Besides

4420-459: The year and some of them are held at a specific time of the year. Botor Kekur is celebrated to request God to grace the earth with rain so that the crops could be sown. This festival is celebrated after finishing harvesting of crops, mainly rice. Rongker is celebrated either on 5 January or on 5 February as per the convenience of the villagers as a thanksgiving to God and asking for their assurance to protect them from any evil harm that may happen to

4488-413: Was already married to Rani Chandraprabha, he asked the princess to be married to his younger brother Govinda Chandra Hasnu. The fictitious but widely believed legend that was constructed by the Hindu Brahmins at Khaspur goes as follows: During their exile, the Pandavas came to the Kachari Kingdom where Bhima fell in love with Hidimbi (sister of Hidimba ). Bhima married princess Hidimbi according to

4556-416: Was pensioned off and his region was annexed by the British to ultimately become the North Cachar district; and in 1833, Govinda Chandra's domain was also annexed to become the Cachar district. In The British annexed the Dimasa Kachari Kingdom under the doctrine of lapse . At the time of British annexation, the kingdom consisted of parts of Nagaon and Karbi Anglong ; North Cachar (Dima Hasao), Cachar and

4624-415: Was to form the core of the Dimasa rule in the 18th century. The size of the annual tribute— seventy thousand rupees, one thousand gold mohurs and sixty elephants — testifies to the resourcefulness of the Kachari state. A conflict with the Jaintia Kingdom over the region of Dimarua led to a battle, in which the Jaintias suffered defeat. After the death of Jaintia king Dhan Manik, Satrudaman

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