TenAsys (rhymes with tenacious ) is a privately owned company providing real-time software and services based on the x86 Intel Architecture and Microsoft Windows operating system.
63-573: The company was founded in 2000 as a spin-off of RadiSys Corporation to exploit the RTOS technology based on the iRMX and INtime for Windows products originally developed by Intel Corporation . RadiSys acquired the iRMX and INtime RTOS technology when they purchased Intel's Multibus division in 1996. RadiSys released version 1.0 of the INtime RTOS in June, 1997. The product was selected as one of two finalists in
126-500: A Munich -based investment firm, Mr. Roome said. He said the company determined it was no longer part of its core business. The NSN system followed on purchases by Iran from Secure Computing Corp. earlier in the decade. Questions have been raised about the reporting reliability of the Journal report by David Isenberg, an independent Washington, D.C. -based analyst and Cato Institute Adjunct Scholar, specifically saying that Mr. Roome
189-448: A traffic access point (TAP) using an intercepting proxy server that connects to the government's surveillance equipment. The acquisition component of this functionality may be provided in many ways, including DPI, DPI-enabled products that are "LI or CALEA -compliant" can be used – when directed by a court order – to access a user's datastream. Service providers obligated by the service-level agreement with their customers to provide
252-464: A virtual machine that hosts real-time and embedded operating systems running alongside Microsoft Windows. The eVM platform requires Intel virtualization technology (or Intel VT) in order to operate. The guest OS that runs within the VMM runs in parallel with Windows, on an industry-standard, PC-compatible, multi-core platform. Legacy I/O can be emulated using Intel VT. Virtual communication channels, such as
315-552: A 2 Mbit connection use the network in a dissimilar manner to users with a 5 Mbit connection. Access to trend data also helps network planning. In addition to using DPI for the security of their own networks, governments in North America, Europe, and Asia use DPI for various purposes such as surveillance and censorship . Many of these programs are classified. The Chinese government uses deep packet inspection to monitor and censor network traffic and content that it claims
378-460: A capability that most if not all telecom companies have, he said.... The monitoring center that Nokia Siemens Networks sold to Iran was described in a company brochure as allowing 'the monitoring and interception of all types of voice and data communication on all networks.' The joint venture exited the business that included the monitoring equipment, what it called 'intelligence solution,' at the end of March, by selling it to Perusa Partners Fund 1 LP,
441-591: A certain application or behavior. Because ISPs route the traffic of all of their customers, they are able to monitor web-browsing habits in a very detailed way allowing them to gain information about their customers' interests, which can be used by companies specializing in targeted advertising. At least 100,000 United States customers are tracked this way, and as many as 10% of U.S. customers have been tracked in this way. Technology providers include NebuAd , Front Porch , and Phorm . U.S. ISPs monitoring their customers include Knology and Wide Open West . In addition,
504-677: A certain level of service and at the same time, enforce an acceptable use policy , may make use of DPI to implement certain policies that cover copyright infringements, illegal materials, and unfair use of bandwidth . In some countries the ISPs are required to perform filtering, depending on the country's laws. DPI allows service providers to "readily know the packets of information you are receiving online—from e-mail, to websites, to sharing of music, video and software downloads". Policies can be defined that allow or disallow connection to or from an IP address, certain protocols, or even heuristics that identify
567-448: A decline in service revenues. DPI allows the operators to oversell their available bandwidth while ensuring equitable bandwidth distribution to all users by preventing network congestion. Additionally, a higher priority can be allocated to a VoIP or video conferencing call which requires low latency versus web browsing which does not. This is the approach that service providers use to dynamically allocate bandwidth according to traffic that
630-650: A general obligation to monitor the information they transmit, and directive 2002/58/EC granting European citizens a right to privacy of communications. The Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA) which enforces movie copyrights, has taken the position with the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) that network neutrality could hurt anti-piracy techniques such as deep packet inspection and other forms of filtering. DPI allows ISPs to gather statistical information about use patterns by user group. For instance, it might be of interest whether users with
693-427: A particular application. While IDSs are able to detect intrusions, they have very little capability in blocking such an attack. DPIs are used to prevent attacks from viruses and worms at wire speeds. More specifically, DPI can be effective against buffer overflow attacks, denial-of-service attacks (DoS), sophisticated intrusions, and a small percentage of worms that fit within a single packet. DPI-enabled devices have
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#1732890611667756-418: A real-time task is ready to run, it preempts Windows, handles all real-time activities, and then resumes Windows (the lowest priority iRMX task) after all real-time activities have completed. Like iRMX for Windows, the INtime RTOS also installs on a standard Windows system. Once installed, the INtime RTOS schedules all real-time processes to run first, at a higher priority than Windows. The INtime RTOS runs as
819-524: A separate, independent kernel outside of the Windows kernel, without modifying the Windows kernel, drivers, or applications. Real-time processes run on the INtime kernel, and non-real-time processes run on Windows. Windows application threads communicate with their real time counterparts on the INtime kernel through a special API that facilitates coordination and data sharing. The eVM virtualization platform provides
882-418: A signature database that includes information extracted from the data part of a packet, allowing finer control than classification based only on header information. End points can utilize encryption and obfuscation techniques to evade DPI actions in many cases. A classified packet may be redirected, marked/tagged (see quality of service ), blocked, rate limited, and of course, reported to a reporting agent in
945-558: A standard PC platform. Their products are specific to the x86 Intel architecture. iRMX is a real-time operating system designed specifically for use with the Intel 8080 and Intel 8086 family of processors. It is an acronym for Real-time Multitasking eXecutive . Intel developed iRMX in the late 1970s and originally released it in 1980 to support and create demand for their processors and Multibus system platforms. iRMX for Windows provides legacy support for existing applications based on
1008-561: A stateful firewall. Also, an increase in the use of laptops in enterprise makes it more difficult to prevent threats such as viruses , worms , and spyware from penetrating the corporate network, as many users will connect the laptop to less-secure networks such as home broadband connections or wireless networks in public locations. Firewalls also do not distinguish between permitted and forbidden uses of legitimately-accessed applications. DPI enables IT administrators and security officials to set policies and enforce them at all layers, including
1071-468: A virtual Ethernet or a virtual serial link, provide a means for embedded applications running on the VMM to coordinate with Windows applications. Direct hardware (access to I/O) and deterministic timing (interrupt latency ) needs are addressed by giving the guest OS direct access to time-critical hardware. I/O is assigned exclusively to each guest OS so existing native device drivers have direct access to real hardware. TenAsys RTOS tools are integrated into
1134-458: Is a very common way, as well as physically inserting a network tap which duplicates and sends the data stream to an analyzer tool for inspection. Deep Packet Inspection (and filtering) enables advanced network management , user service, and security functions as well as internet data mining , eavesdropping , and internet censorship . Although DPI has been used for Internet management for many years, some advocates of net neutrality fear that
1197-451: Is also the largest network operator in India has been known to employ sophisticated DPI techniques like SNI -based filtering to enforce censorship. The Indonesian government via Telkom Indonesia, supported by Cisco Meraki DPI technology, perform country-wide surveillance by the way of deep packet inspection, and map it into SSN/NIK (Nomor Induk Kependudukan) of its citizens that registered to
1260-606: Is considered to be against the integrity or security of Pakistan. Canadian firm Sandvine was contracted to provide and set up the equipment in Pakistan. DPI is not yet mandated in Russia. Federal Law No.139 enforces blocking websites on the Russian Internet blacklist using IP filtering, but does not force ISPs into analyzing the data part of packets. Yet some ISPs still use different DPI solutions to implement blacklisting. For 2019,
1323-644: Is denying the quotes attributed to him and that he, Isenberg, also had similar complaints with one of the same Journal reporters in an earlier story. NSN has issued the following denial: NSN "has not provided any deep packet inspection, web censorship or Internet filtering capability to Iran". A concurrent article in The New York Times stated the NSN sale had been covered in a "spate of news reports in April [2009], including The Washington Times ," and reviewed censorship of
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#17328906116671386-479: Is harmful to Chinese citizens or state interests. This material includes pornography, information on religion, and political dissent. Chinese network ISPs use DPI to see if there is any sensitive keyword going through their network. If so, the connection will be cut. People within China often find themselves blocked while accessing Web sites containing content related to Taiwanese and Tibetan independence, Falun Gong ,
1449-612: Is in the correct format, checking for malicious code, eavesdropping , and internet censorship , among other purposes. There are multiple headers for IP packets ; network equipment only needs to use the first of these (the IP header ) for normal operation, but use of the second header (such as TCP or UDP ) is normally considered to be shallow packet inspection (usually called stateful packet inspection ) despite this definition. There are multiple ways to acquire packets for deep packet inspection. Using port mirroring (sometimes called Span Port )
1512-435: Is passing through their networks. Mobile and broadband service providers use DPI as a means to implement tiered service plans, to differentiate " walled garden " services from "value added", "all-you-can-eat" and "one-size-fits-all" data services. By being able to charge for a "walled garden", per application, per service, or "all-you-can-eat" rather than a "one-size-fits-all" package, the operator can tailor their offerings to
1575-593: Is seen today as common, mainstream deployments. The technology traces its roots back over 30 years, when many of the pioneers contributed their inventions for use among industry participants, such as through common standards and early innovation, such as the following: Essential DPI functionality includes analysis of packet headers and protocol fields. For example, Wireshark offers essential DPI functionality through its numerous dissectors that display field names and content and, in some cases, offer interpretation of field values. Some security solutions that offer DPI combine
1638-422: Is unaffected, although text messages are subject to filtering, and messages containing sensitive material, such as curse-words, are simply not delivered, with no notification provided to either participant in the conversation. China also blocks visual media sites such as YouTube.com and various photography and blogging sites. Since 2015, Egypt reportedly started to join the list which was constantly being denied by
1701-557: The Dalai Lama , the Tiananmen Square protests and massacre of 1989 , political parties that oppose that of the ruling Communist party, or a variety of anti-Communist movements as those materials were signed as DPI sensitive keywords already. China previously blocked all VoIP traffic in and out of their country but many available VoIP applications now function in China. Voice traffic in Skype
1764-459: The iRMX III real-time operating system and the iRMX for Windows RTOS produced by Intel beginning in 1992. The iRMX for Windows RTOS loads and runs on a standard Windows system. Upon initialization, it sets up a separate execution environment, takes over the CPU, and encapsulates Windows as the lowest priority iRMX task. The iRMX operating system scheduler then determines which tasks will run; whenever
1827-538: The EDN 1997 "Innovation of the Year" embedded development category. Effective 2000 iRMX III is supported, maintained, and licensed worldwide by TenAsys Corporation, under an exclusive licensing arrangement with Intel. TenAsys develops real-time operating system ( RTOS ) products designed to merge two separate computing platforms into one. Specifically, their products provide a means by which an RTOS can run in parallel with Windows on
1890-551: The Egyptian National Telecom Regulatory Authority (NTRA) officials. However, it came to news when the country decided to block the encrypted messaging app Signal as announced by the application's developer. In April 2017, all VoIP applications including FaceTime , Facebook Messenger , Viber , WhatsApp calls and Skype have been all blocked in the country. As of 2022, FaceTime , Facebook Messenger are unblocked. The Indian ISP Jio , which
1953-528: The Finnish cell telephone company), now NSN is Nokia Solutions and Networks, according to a report in the Wall Street Journal in June, 2009, quoting NSN spokesperson Ben Roome. According to unnamed experts cited in the article, the system "enables authorities to not only block communication but to monitor it to gather information about individuals, as well as alter it for disinformation purposes". The system
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2016-527: The Internet and other media in the country, but did not mention DPI. According to Walid Al-Saqaf, the developer of the internet censorship circumventor Alkasir , Iran was using deep packet inspection in February 2012, bringing internet speeds in the entire country to a near standstill. This briefly eliminated access to tools such as Tor and Alkasir. The incumbent Malaysian government, headed by Barisan Nasional,
2079-785: The Microsoft Visual Studio IDE. RadiSys Corporation Radisys Corporation is an American technology company located in Hillsboro, Oregon , United States that makes technology used by telecommunications companies in mobile networks. Founded in 1987 in Oregon by former employees of Intel , the company went public in 1995. The company's products are used in mobile network applications such as small cell radio access networks, wireless core network elements, deep packet inspection and policy management equipment; conferencing, and media services including voice, video and data. In 2015,
2142-448: The U.S. Congress, and in line with the policies of most countries worldwide, has required that all telecommunication providers, including Internet services, be capable of supporting the execution of a court order to provide real-time communication forensics of specified users. In 2006, the FCC adopted new Title 47, Subpart Z, rules requiring Internet Access Providers to meet these requirements. DPI
2205-521: The United Kingdom ISP British Telecom has admitted testing solutions from Phorm without their customers' knowledge or consent. DPI can be used against net neutrality . Applications such as peer-to-peer (P2P) traffic present increasing problems for broadband service providers. Typically, P2P traffic is used by applications that do file sharing. These may be any kind of files (i.e. documents, music, videos, or applications). Due to
2268-500: The ability to look at Layer 2 and beyond Layer 3 of the OSI model . In some cases, DPI can be invoked to look through Layer 2-7 of the OSI model. This includes headers and data protocol structures as well as the payload of the message. DPI functionality is invoked when a device looks or takes other action based on information beyond Layer 3 of the OSI model. DPI can identify and classify traffic based on
2331-463: The application and user layer to help combat those threats. Deep Packet Inspection is able to detect a few kinds of buffer overflow attacks. DPI may be used by enterprise for Data Leak Prevention (DLP). When an e-mail user tries to send a protected file, the user may be given information on how to get the proper clearance to send the file. In addition to using DPI to secure their internal networks, Internet service providers also apply it on
2394-634: The company moved its headquarters to a new campus in Hillsboro, and at that time sales reached $ 80 million and the company had a profit of $ 9.6 million that year with 175 employees. Company co-founder Dave Budde left the company in 1997, with company revenues at $ 81 million annually at that time. The company grew in part by acquisitions such as Sonitech International in 1997, part of IBM 's Open Computing Platform unit and Texas Micro in 1999, all of S-Link in 2001, and Microware also in 2001. Radisys also moved some production to China in order to take advantage of
2457-747: The company posted a profit of $ 481,000 in their 2009 fourth quarter. In May 2011, the company announced they were buying Continuous Computing for $ 105 million in stock and cash. Once the transaction was completed in July 2011, Continuous' CEO Mike Dagenais became the CEO of Radisys. Dagenais left the company in October 2012 with former CFO Brian Bronson taking over as CEO. In 2018, Reliance Industries acquired Radisys. Arun Bhikshesvaran took over as CEO in July 2019. Radisys supports two markets: communications networking and commercial systems. The latter makes products for use in
2520-460: The company stopped granting stock options to employees and transitioned to giving restricted shares for some compensation. Radisys grew to annual revenues of $ 320 million by 2005. The company continued to grow through acquisitions such as a $ 105 million deal that added Convedia Corp. in 2006. Radisys continued buying assets when it purchased part of Intel 's communications business for about $ 30 million in 2007. After five-straight quarterly losses,
2583-479: The company. Originally located in space leased from Sequent Computer Systems , by 1994 the company had grown to annual sales of $ 20 million. The company's products were computers used in end products such as automated teller machines to paint mixers. On October 20, 1995, the company became a publicly traded company when it held an initial public offering (IPO). The IPO raised $ 19.6 million for Radisys after selling 2.7 million shares at $ 12 per share. In 1996,
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2646-433: The content layers of the Internet protocol to be offensive, saying for example, "the 'Net was built on open access and non-discrimination of packets!" Critics of network neutrality rules, meanwhile, call them "a solution in search of a problem" and say that net neutrality rules would reduce incentives to upgrade networks and launch next-generation network services. Deep packet inspection is considered by many to undermine
2709-451: The fiber split, to exclude data sources comprised primarily of domestic data". Narus's Semantic Traffic Analyzer software, which runs on IBM or Dell Linux servers using DPI, sorts through IP traffic at 10 Gbit/s to pick out specific messages based on a targeted e-mail address, IP address or, in the case of VoIP, telephone number. President George W. Bush and Attorney General Alberto R. Gonzales have asserted that they believe
2772-618: The first-quarter revenues of Radisys totaled $ 48.7 million, and approximately employed 700 people. Arun Bhikshesvaran is the company's chief executive officer . On 30 June 2018, multinational conglomerate Reliance Industries acquired Radisys for $ 74 million. It now operates as an independent subsidiary. Radisys was founded in 1987 as Radix Microsystems in Beaverton, Oregon , by former Intel engineers Dave Budde and Glen Myers . The first investors were employees who put up $ 50,000 each, with Tektronix later investing additional funds into
2835-434: The frequently large size of media files being transferred, P2P drives increasing traffic loads, requiring additional network capacity. Service providers say a minority of users generate large quantities of P2P traffic and degrade performance for the majority of broadband subscribers using applications such as e-mail or Web browsing which use less bandwidth. Poor network performance increases customer dissatisfaction and leads to
2898-471: The functionality of an intrusion detection system (IDS) and an Intrusion prevention system (IPS) with a traditional stateful firewall . This combination makes it possible to detect certain attacks that neither the IDS/IPS nor the stateful firewall can catch on their own. Stateful firewalls, while able to see the beginning and end of a packet flow, cannot catch events on their own that would be out of bounds for
2961-792: The governmental agency Roskomnadzor is planning a nationwide rollout of DPI after the pilot project in one of the country's regions, at an estimated cost of 20 billion roubles (US$ 300M). Some human rights activists consider Deep Packet inspection contrary to Article 23 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation , though a legal process to prove or refute that has never taken place. The city state reportedly employs deep packet inspection of Internet traffic. The state reportedly employs deep packet inspection of Internet traffic, to analyze and block forbidden transit. FCC adopts Internet CALEA requirements: The FCC, pursuant to its mandate from
3024-454: The individual subscriber and increase their average revenue per user (ARPU). A policy is created per user or user group, and the DPI system in turn enforces that policy, allowing the user access to different services and applications. ISPs are sometimes requested by copyright owners or required by courts or official policy to help enforce copyrights. In 2006, one of Denmark's largest ISPs, Tele2 ,
3087-571: The lower manufacturing costs. In 2002, the company had grown to annual revenues of $ 200 million, and posted a profit in the fourth quarter for the first time in several quarters. That year Scott Grout was named as chief executive officer of the company and C. Scott Gibson became the chairman of the board, both replacing Glen Myers who co-founded the company. The company sold off its signaling gateway line in 2003. They raised $ 97 million through selling convertible senior notes in November 2003. In 2004,
3150-439: The network. In this way, HTTP errors of different classifications may be identified and forwarded for analysis. Many DPI devices can identify packet flows (rather than packet-by-packet analysis), allowing control actions based on accumulated flow information. Initially security at the enterprise level was just a perimeter discipline, with a dominant philosophy of keeping unauthorized users out, and shielding authorized users from
3213-413: The outside world. The most frequently used tool for accomplishing this has been a stateful firewall. It can permit fine-grained control of access from the outside world to pre-defined destinations on the internal network, as well as permitting access back to other hosts only if a request to the outside world has been made previously. Vulnerabilities exist at network layers, however, that are not visible to
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#17328906116673276-614: The president has the authority to order secret intercepts of telephone and e-mail exchanges between people inside the United States and their contacts abroad without obtaining a FISA warrant. The Defense Information Systems Agency has developed a sensor platform that uses Deep Packet Inspection. Vietnam launched its network security center and required ISPs to upgrade their hardware systems to use deep packet inspection to block Internet traffic. People and organizations concerned about privacy or network neutrality find inspection of
3339-416: The public networks provided to customers. Common uses of DPI by ISPs are lawful intercept , policy definition and enforcement , targeted advertising , quality of service , offering tiered services, and copyright enforcement. Service providers are required by almost all governments worldwide to enable lawful intercept capabilities. Decades ago in a legacy telephone environment, this was met by creating
3402-524: The state-owned ISP. The purpose of deep packet inspection including filtering porn, hates speech, and reducing tension in West Papua. Indonesian Government planned to scale up the surveillance to next level until 2030. The Iranian government purchased a system, reportedly for deep packet inspection, in 2008 from Nokia Siemens Networks (NSN) (a joint venture Siemens AG, the German conglomerate, and Nokia Corp.,
3465-399: The technique may be used anticompetitively or to reduce the openness of the Internet. DPI is used in a wide range of applications, at the so-called "enterprise" level (corporations and larger institutions), in telecommunications service providers, and in governments. DPI technology boasts a long and technologically advanced history, starting in the 1990s, before the technology entered what
3528-730: The testing, medical imaging, defense, and industrial automation fields. For example, end-products that Radisys' is a supplier to as original equipment manufacturers include items such as MRI scanners, ultrasound equipment, logic analyzers, and items used in semiconductor manufacturing. Communications networking equipment includes those for wireless communications, switches, distribution of video, and internet protocol based networking equipment. The company has engineering groups, working on open telecom architectures, computer architecture and systems integration . In 2009, Radisys' biggest customers were Philips Healthcare , Agilent , Fujitsu , Danaher Corporation , and Nokia Siemens Network (NSN). NSN
3591-480: Was "split" between two fibers, dividing the signal so that 50 percent of the signal strength went to each output fiber. One of the output fibers was diverted to a secure room; the other carried communications on to AT&T's switching equipment. The secure room contained Narus traffic analyzers and logic servers; Narus states that such devices are capable of real-time data collection (recording data for consideration) and capture at 10 gigabits per second. Certain traffic
3654-771: Was given a court injunction and told it must block its customers from accessing The Pirate Bay , a launching point for BitTorrent . Instead of prosecuting file sharers one at a time, the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI) and the big four record labels EMI , Sony BMG , Universal Music , and Warner Music have sued ISPs such as Eircom for not doing enough about protecting their copyrights. The IFPI wants ISPs to filter traffic to remove illicitly uploaded and downloaded copyrighted material from their network, despite European directive 2000/31/EC clearly stating that ISPs may not be put under
3717-482: Was one of the platforms essential to meeting this requirement and has been deployed for this purpose throughout the U.S. The National Security Agency (NSA), with cooperation from AT&T Inc. , has used Deep Packet Inspection to make internet traffic surveillance, sorting, and forwarding more intelligent. The DPI is used to find which packets are carrying e-mail or a Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) telephone call. Traffic associated with AT&T's Common Backbone
3780-554: Was purchased by the Telecommunication Infrastructure Co., part of the Iranian government's telecom monopoly. According to the Journal , NSN "provided equipment to Iran last year under the internationally recognized concept of 'lawful intercept,' said Mr. Roome. That relates to intercepting data for the purposes of combating terrorism, child pornography, drug trafficking, and other criminal activities carried out online,
3843-558: Was said to be using DPI against a political opponent during the run-up to the 13th general elections held on 5 May 2013. The purpose of DPI, in this instance, was to block and/or hinder access to selected websites, e.g. Facebook accounts, blogs and news portals. The Pakistan Telecommunication Authority (PTA) states that the DPI system has been installed to implement the Prevention of Electronic Crimes Act (PECA) 2016, particularly to filter and block blasphemous content and any material that
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#17328906116673906-596: Was selected and sent over a dedicated line to a "central location" for analysis. According to an affidavit by expert witness J. Scott Marcus, a former senior advisor for Internet Technology at the US Federal Communications Commission, the diverted traffic "represented all, or substantially all, of AT&T's peering traffic in the San Francisco Bay area", and thus, "the designers of the…configuration made no attempt, in terms of location or position of
3969-473: Was the largest single customer, totaling over 43% of revenues. Deep packet inspection Deep packet inspection ( DPI ) is a type of data processing that inspects in detail the data being sent over a computer network , and may take actions such as alerting, blocking, re-routing, or logging it accordingly. Deep packet inspection is often used for baselining application behavior, analyzing network usage, troubleshooting network performance, ensuring that data
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