The Temperance River is a 39.2-mile-long (63.1 km) river in northern Minnesota . It drains into Lake Superior along its north shore just south of Tofte . It flows out of Brule Lake in Cook County generally south towards its mouth within Temperance River State Park . Its name is supposedly a pun on its lack of a sand bar .
21-525: The Temperance River flows 39 miles (63 km) between its source, Brule Lake, and its mouth. Brule Lake is unusual in that it has two outlets. The Temperance flows from its western outlet, and carries approximately half of the flow leaving the lake, while the South Brule River carries the other half from its eastern outlet. After leaving Brule Lake, the Temperance flows through a chain of smaller lakes for
42-511: A few dozen. In the 1830s, settlers began arriving from New England and from upstate New York . The completion of the Erie Canal (1825) and the settling of the Black Hawk War (1831) made migration easier. Most of Cook County's 1830s settlers came from Orange County, Vermont and Down East Maine (modern day Washington County and Hancock County ). Most were fishermen and farmers. By 1845
63-507: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article about a location in Lake County, Minnesota is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article related to a river or creek in Minnesota is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Cook County, Minnesota Cook County is the easternmost county in the U.S. state of Minnesota . As of
84-428: Is adjacent to only one other county by land. Its geographic neighbors are: Northern Minnesota offers extreme winter weather. While the averages are low, the extremes provide more details. A third of the year is below freezing (31.9%, 116 days, or 4 months). Of those days, 21 are below zero degrees Fahrenheit (−17.8 °C). As of the census of 2000, there were 5,168 people, 2,350 households, and 1,438 families in
105-529: Is land and 1,887 square miles (4,890 km ) (57%) is water. It is Minnesota's second-largest county by area. Minnesota's highest natural point, Eagle Mountain at 2,301 feet (701 m), and the highest lake, Lake Abita at 2,048 feet (624 m), are in Cook County. Lake Superior is at the county's southern border. Cook County is in the extreme northeast of the state at the tip of the Arrowhead region ; it
126-580: Is located within the Superior National Forest , and its upper portions are within the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness , thus it remains largely undeveloped. The only two major developments in the immediate vicinity of the river are Minnesota State Highway 61 and Temperance River State Park . Highway 61 was built by Minnesota's state highway department beginning in 1926, and was completely paved by 1940. During this time
147-449: The 2020 census , the population was 5,600, making it Minnesota's seventh-least populous county. Its county seat is Grand Marais . The Grand Portage Indian Reservation is in the county. Ojibwe people were early inhabitants of this area. The first non-indigenous people to explore the area were French fur traders, a few of whom settled in the area. By the 1830s, the French population was
168-533: The United States . It is a direct tributary of Lake Superior . Originally named Ina’oonaani-ziibi ( Ojibwe ) the river was the site of an incident in 1846 when the missionary priest Frederic Baraga landed here during a storm. He erected a wooden cross at the river's mouth as a memorial and the river became known as Cross River as a result. This article about a location in Cook County, Minnesota
189-591: The Superior National Forest on the Sawbill Trail, roughly 12 miles (19 km) upstream from Temperance River State Park. The flow of the Temperance is not currently regulated, but during the early 20th century, dams on Brule Lake, used in conjunction with some limited logging in the region of the Brule River, have modified how much water escapes into either river. In 1925, a 112-foot-long (34 m) canal
210-403: The age of 18 living with them, 52.0% were married couples living together, 6.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.8% were non-families. 32.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.17 and the average family size was 2.73. The county population contained 20.4% under
231-455: The age of 18, 5.4% from 18 to 24, 25.8% from 25 to 44, 31.2% from 45 to 64, and 17.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44. For every 100 females there were 99.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.5 males. The median income for a household in the county was $ 36,640, and the median income for a family was $ 47,132. Males had a median income of $ 31,211 versus $ 23,650 for females. The per capita income for
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#1733093159490252-505: The bedrock, some of which connected to form a narrow gorge and a system of waterfalls. The depth of the water where the river enters the lake prevents the river from developing a sand bar at its mouth. The Temperance has a drainage basin of 198 square miles (510 km), which is the fourth largest catchment for a Minnesota river entering into Superior, after the Saint Louis River , Pigeon River , and Brule River . The Temperance River
273-557: The county was $ 21,775. About 8.1% of families and 10.1% of the population were below the poverty line , including 12.2% of those under age 18 and 6.8% of those age 65 or over. Cook County was a Republican-leaning bellwether in all but four elections from 1900 to 2000, with the exceptions being 1912, 1960, 1976 (by only 16 votes), and 1988 (by only 2 votes). The county was one of the rare white-majority rural counties to have its margin increase for Joe Biden in 2020 relative to Barack Obama 's 2012 margin, with 65 percent of voters choosing
294-609: The county. The population density was 3.56 per square mile (1.37/km ). There were 4,708 housing units at an average density of 3.24 per square mile (1.25/km ). The racial makeup of the county was 89.45% White , 7.59% Native American , 0.33% Asian , 0.29% Black or African American , 0.04% Pacific Islander , 0.25% from other races , and 2.05% from two or more races. 0.75% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 21.6% were of German , 17.7% Norwegian , 11.5% Swedish , 7.2% Irish and 5.4% English ancestry. There were 2,350 households, of which 24.4% had children under
315-505: The future Cook County contained 350 people of European descent; by 1874 there were about 2,000. They were primarily members of the Congregational Church , Methodist , and Baptist churches. By 1900 there were about 3,000 people in Cook County. The first decade of the 20th century saw a large influx of Europeans from Germany, Scandinavia, and Ireland. These waves introduced Lutheranism and Catholicism to Cook County. The county
336-531: The highway department acquired 200 acres (0.81 km) of land at the mouth of the river where Highway 61 crosses it, which in 1957 were organized into the present state park. The Superior Hiking Trail , which crosses the Temperance River, does so in this park. There are three public campgrounds near the course of the river, two located near the mouth in Temperance River State Park and another in
357-517: The upper half of its length. It shares this feature with its neighbors, the Cross , Poplar , and Cascade rivers, which gives it a warmer water temperature and more steady flow than streams further to the south. After this, it proceeds to flow directly over the bedrock which is entirely igneous, formed during the formation of the Keweenawan Rift . Near Lake Superior, the river has dug deep potholes into
378-409: Was blasted between Brule Lake and the South Brule River, while a dam was built to close off its outlet into the Temperance, all without the permission of Minnesota's Game and Fish Department. These were later repaired, using nearby boulders, brush, and two bags of cement. During the 1920s, Edward Wellington Backus was attempting to build hydroelectric dams on northern Minnesotan rivers, and the blasting
399-580: Was created on March 9, 1874. It was named for Territorial and State Senator Michael Cook. Cook County is a rugged, heavily wooded triangle of land on Minnesota's northeastern tip. It abuts Canada 's southern border and is largely surrounded by the northern end of the Great Lakes. It is heavily dotted with lakes, ponds and streams. The state's highest point is in the county, at 2,301 ft (701 m) ASL. The county has an area of 3,340 square miles (8,700 km ), of which 1,452 square miles (3,760 km )
420-449: Was likely connected to this development. It has been variously blamed on land speculators trying to convince buyers that the Brule had enough flow to be a viable source of hydroelectric power, or upon employees of a local development company working towards the same purpose. Cross River (Lake Superior) The Cross River is a 20.4-mile-long (32.8 km) river in northern Minnesota ,
441-459: Was named Kawimbash by the Ojibwa , meaning "deep hollow river". While it retained this name in the earliest geological surveys, Thomas Clark reported its present name in 1864, which he alleged arose as a pun from the fact that the river has no sand bar near its mouth. However, this is not the only river on Lake Superior to have this feature, which has cast some doubt on that story. The Temperance River
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