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31-697: In 1933, the Levant Fair was opened next to the waterfront area that would soon become the Tel Aviv Port. In the wake of the general strike of the Arabs of Mandatory Palestine at the outbreak of their 1936–39 revolt , an alternative was needed for Jaffa Port The new port, founded by Otzar Mif'alei Yam (lit. "Treasure-of-Sea Works"), opened on a small scale in 1936, and was finally completed and inaugurated at its current size on February 23, 1938. The port remained fully operational for less than two years. The outbreak of

62-636: A course in architecture at the Kiev School of Art and Architecture. In 1917 he joined a group of artists from Kharkov with whom he designed revolutionary propaganda posters. El-Hanani participated in the anthropological Jewish expedition under the leadership of S. Ansky into the Pale of Settlement , which exerted a substantial influence on Russian-Jewish avant-garde art . In 1922 El-Hanani immigrated to Mandate Palestine , where he settled in Jerusalem . In

93-458: A design plan for a "Fair Middle" by architect Aryeh Elhanani . In recent years there has been a rehabilitation effort at the old fairgrounds, which turned it into a shopping and entertainment area attached to the wider 'Namal' ("port") development. There are two memorials placed at the entrance to the former fairgrounds. One is dedicated to the Haganah -run secret weapons factory, once hidden inside

124-843: A judge in the design competition for the Valley of the Destroyed Communities. He designed the municipal auditorium in Kfar Saba , the Gan Ha'ir Tower of Tel Aviv, and several buildings of the Weizmann Institute of Science , of which the Wix Library (1957) constitutes one of the works he's best known for. His other Weizmann Institute projects are the Jacob Ziskind Building (together with Israel Dicker and Uriel Schiller, 1947, according to

155-518: A major event for the local economy. The fair covered an area of ten hectares, including display booths of the participating countries, landscaping and gardening, new roads, Luna Park , and various sculptures. The fair was of great importance for the local architecture and design of Tel Aviv, with pavilions being built by prominent Jewish architects of the time, including Aryeh Elhanani , Richard Kauffmann , and Arieh Sharon . The fair's emblem, envisioned by Alexander Ezer and designed by Aryeh Elhanani,

186-759: A sketch by Erich Mendelsohn ), the Isaac Wolfson Building (1953), the Modernist - Brutalist Conference Center (1958), the Charles Clore International House (with Nissan Canaan, 1963), and the Stone Administration Building (with Nissan Canaan, 1966). After the first Weizmann Institute projects, El-Hanani went on to design other buildings for institutes of higher learning, such as the Wurzweiler Central Library of

217-611: The Bar-Ilan University (with Nissan Canaan, 1967). Apart from stage design , Elhanani also worked in the fields of graphic design , sculpture , and typography . The Russian avant-garde style can be easily recognised in his work for the Hebrew -language monthly youth magazine "Moledeth" ("Homeland") published in the 1920s in Erez Israel . El-Hanani designed the logos of the pre-state Palmach paramilitary, and later that of

248-585: The Maccabiah Stadium was also built nearby, and the Philharmonic Orchestra Hall was built within the area of the former fairgrounds. When the Tel Aviv Port was built near the site in 1936, the port was used to store a temporary Levant Fair, and thus the street leading to the harbour is named "Zion's Gate". In December 1936, the fairgrounds were the location of one of the first concerts of

279-453: The "Levant Fair". A special symbol called the "Flying Camel" was designed for the fair by its chief architect, Aryeh Elhanani . Trees were planted during the fair in honor of the former exhibition, and three such palm trees survive to this day . Henceforth, these exhibitions were referred to as fairs and also became quite successful, attracting tens of thousands and then hundreds of thousands of Jews, Arabs, English, and tourists. The 1932 fair

310-401: The 1920s and 1930s Elhanani continued his avant-garde work by designing sets and costumes for theatre plays such as "Nishfei Peretz" ( lit. 'Peretz soireés'; 1926) and "Megilat Esther" ( lit. ' Book of Esther '; 1930). He designed the set for the first production of the ohel ( lit. 'tent') workers' theatre , dedicated to the stories of Isaac Leib Peretz , and was one of the designers for

341-624: The Jewish, then Israeli forces imported a substantial amount of equipment and weapons via the Tel Aviv port. After the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, the port operated on a partial basis and was finally closed down on October 25, 1965, when its operations moved to the newly built Ashdod Port . After that followed a period of decay, and by the end of the century the area was used by day as a low-key shopping place for tiles and plumbing supplies, while at night it attracted prostitutes and drug addicts. A change came with

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372-680: The Levant Fair ceased operation and fairgrounds were converted into an alternative fairgrounds complex. Urban development of the peninsula at the mouth of the Yarkon led to further expansion of Tel Aviv. Some development continued north, beyond the Yarkon, including the establishment of the Tel Aviv Port , in 1936; the Sde Dov Airport , also in 1936; and the Reading Power Station , in 1938. In 1938

403-583: The Palestine Philharmonic Orchestra, the future Israel Philharmonic Orchestra , under the baton of Arturo Toscanini . During World War II, the fairgrounds were taken over by the British Army and used for their military training. During the 1947–1949 Palestine war , the fairground structures were used for storage of the IDF . After Israeli independence , the fairgrounds were abandoned and became

434-479: The Romanian pavilion. The other one commemorates the27 December 1945 Irgun attack on the local British military camp, in which Jewish underground fighters seized British weapons and ammunition. It remembers Irgun fighter Dov Sternglas aka 'Sergeant Avner', who died from the wounds he suffered in the attack. Aryeh Elhanani Arieh El-Hanani , born Sapozhnikov (1898–1985), was an Israel Prize winner in

465-619: The Second World War put an end to its civilian use, as the British Navy took over the facilities. After the end of the war in Europe, an attempt to reactivate the port remained unsuccessful due to the lack of shipping at the time. During the civil war between Jews and Arabs from November 1947 and until Israel's declaration of independence in May 1948, as well as in the ensuing 1948 Arab–Israeli War ,

496-476: The appointment of architect Orna Angel at the helm of the Marine Trust Company that owns the port area. After completely overhauling the infrastructure by 2002, the administration attracted shop owners to move to the upgraded area by charging token rents. An open competition for the landscaping of the space around the buildings was organised in 2003, and by 2008 the new boardwalk in wavy shapes evocative of

527-502: The fair was made in Palestine and designed by architect Richard Kauffmann in the shape of a ship. A sculpture called "The Hebrew Worker", built by Aryeh Elhanani, stands on the site today. Other statues built for the fair include "Rejected Lot's Wife", "Sower Statue", "Statue of Deer", and "Statue of the Woman". The fair also put great emphasis on design elements, such as the flagpoles which filled

558-428: The fair's roads. Foreign design elements were also included, such as lampposts which were headed by a round plate and placed under incandescent bulbs. The fair also included a Lebanese Pavilion which, according to the then Lebanese President , intended to foster the traditional friendship between the two neighbours. The pavilion was a relief of ancient Baalbek , which can still be seen in Tel Aviv today. Another fair

589-670: The field of architecture for his "contribution to shaping Israeli culture". His Russian and Hebrew names have also been transliterated and spelled as Arie or Aryeh, Sapoznikov, Elhanani, etc. El-Hanani was born in 1898 in Poltava , Russian Empire (today capital of the Poltava Oblast in central Ukraine ), to as one of the five children of Elhanan (Afanasi) Sapozhnikov and Chava Liva Sapozhnikov(a). His siblings were Mania Sapozhnikov, Zvi (Grisha) Elhanani, Avraham Elhanani, and Meir (Misha) Elhanani. Between 1913 and 1917, Elhanani completed

620-466: The new constructed exhibition grounds at the north edge of Dizengoff Street next to the Tel Aviv Port on 26 April 1934. The fair was opened by the High Commissioner, Arthur Wauchope. A point of celebration at the fair was a Jubilee for the twenty-fifth anniversary of the founding of Tel Aviv. With 600,000 people from thirty countries participating in the fair during its six weeks, the fair was also

651-669: The original material, iron, was replaced by concrete and steel. Eventually he designed pavilions for trade fairs abroad. El-Hanani also planned the Tel Aviv Convention Center . El-Hanani designed a number of buildings, some of which have become iconic in Israel. For Yad Vashem , the national Holocaust memorial, El-Hanani designed the Hall of Remembrance (1957-1961) working alongside Arieh Sharon and Benjamin Idelson, and participated as

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682-693: The public space development project by Mayslits Kassif Architects, who transformed the space around the restored port buildings, was awarded the Rosa Barba European Landscape Prize , seen as the most prestigious European award for landscape architecture. The project was the winner of a 2003 public competition, at which it was presented by Mayslits Kassif Architects in collaboration with Galila Yavin. 32°5′47.34″N 34°46′23.71″E  /  32.0964833°N 34.7732528°E  / 32.0964833; 34.7732528 Levant Fair The Levant Fair (Hebrew: יריד המזרח ; Yarid HaMizrach)

713-518: The sand dunes that once stood at this place, was opened to the public. As a result of the transformation, the Tel Aviv Port, known in short as the Namal, has become the most popular attraction in Tel Aviv with 4.3 million visitors annually. In 2011, it was announced that the site would be developed to become a major tourist site with recreational and cultural venues similar to Times Square in New York . In 2010

744-576: The scope of the exhibition expanded, it became necessary to construct a permanent home for the fair and others like it. High Commissioner Arthur Wauchope , who had supported the Yishuv , liked the idea and helped to designate the Yarkon Peninsula, an area north of the city, for the construction of the complex. On 17 August 1933 a cornerstone ceremony was held there, which featured Wauchope, Meir Dizengoff , and other community leaders. The 1934 fair opened at

775-636: The second ohel exhibition of 1927. El-Hanani found work as a trade fair designer. In 1934 he both designed and managed the site of the Levant Fair in Tel Aviv . This rendered him responsible for some of the buildings and sculptures at the fair, most specifically the Fair's symbol, the Flying Camel. Also for the Fair he created an 8-meter high sculpture in the style of Russian Constructivism , known as " The Hebrew Laborer ", erected in 1934 and restored in 1989 when

806-614: The site for various workshops and garages. Some of the original buildings were destroyed and others crumbled. The sculptures and works of art from the fair have mostly disappeared from the former fairgrounds, except for the Hebrew Worker statue, which has been restored. Plumer Square is now a parking lot. In 1959, a new exhibition grounds opened at 101, Rokach Ave., beyond the Yarkon River . The grounds were opened by then Mayor Chaim Levanon , along with "Exhibition 50 years of Tel Aviv" and

837-582: The way for five subsequent exhibitions. The success also improved the area provided by the municipality for entrepreneurs, a desolate, southern part of Tel Aviv with an old bus station. The area is now home to the Administration Building of the Society for the Protection of Nature . There were further exhibitions in 1925, two in 1926, 1929, and one in 1932, with the fair in 1932 being the first to be called

868-558: Was a winged camel, nicknamed "The Flying Camel." The plaza at the fair's entrance way was named "Plumer Square" in honor of the High Commissioner Herbert Plumer . The fair's masthead flying camel statue built by architect Aryeh Elhanani in 1932, was located in the plaza and near the mouth of the Yarkon Maccabiah Stadium. A broad amphitheater was also established near the entrance way. The central pavilion of

899-596: Was an international trade fair held in Tel Aviv during the 1920s and 1930s. One of the early precursors to the Levant Fair, an exhibition titled the "Exhibition and Fair for the Promotion of Goods Made in Israel", took place in April 1914 and was held at a boys' school in Tel Aviv. Another such show was held in the summer of 1923 in three rooms of the Zionist Club on Rothschild Boulevard . This exhibition's success in turn paved

930-475: Was held in 1936, but because of the riots that began two weeks prior to the opening and shut down the port of Jaffa , it was a small fair, far smaller in scope than its predecessor. Many events were cancelled and many exhibitors cancelled their participation in the exhibition. This fair also caused financial losses for the company that organised it. After 1936, and for the duration of the Second World War ,

961-464: Was visited by nearly 300,000 people. Voice Jerusalem, a Jewish-Palestinian radio station, began regular broadcasts about the fair, in Hebrew, starting in 1936. Visitors to the fair included British High Commissioners for Palestine Herbert Samuel (1920-1925), Herbert Plumer (1925-1928), John Chancellor (1928-1931), and Arthur Wauchope (1932-1937), as well as Arab mayors of Jaffa and Jerusalem . As

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