53-742: Tedder is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: Arthur Tedder, 1st Baron Tedder , British air marshal Constant Tedder , former Chief Executive Officer of Jagex Games Studio Ernest Tedder (1915–1972), English cricketer Henry Richard Tedder (1850–1924), English librarian John Tedder, 2nd Baron Tedder , professor of Chemistry Richard Tedder , English virologist and microbiologist Ryan Tedder (born 1979), American singer-songwriter Thomas Tedder , American immunologist See also [ edit ] Tedder, Florida Tedder (machine) , used in hay making Teder , surname [REDACTED] Surname list This page lists people with
106-592: A Cold War nuclear reporting role during the 1950s. The Royal Observer Corps consisted of some 10,500 volunteers. In the aftermath of World War II, the role of Fighter Command was still to protect the UK from air attack. Only the threat had changed, from Germany to the Soviet Union . The Cold War saw the possibility of Soviet Air Forces bombers attacking the UK. A Canadian fighter wing, No. 1 Wing , arrived at RAF North Luffenham in late 1951 to bolster NATO 's strength, and
159-814: A Companion of the Order of the Bath on 1 February 1937, he was promoted to air vice marshal on 1 July 1937 and became Director General for Research in the Air Ministry in July 1938. At the outbreak of war in 1939, Tedder's department was transferred to the newly created Ministry of Aircraft Production , but Tedder was unable to form a good working relationship with the minister, Lord Beaverbrook and consequently with Prime Minister Churchill and on 29 November 1940, he became Deputy Air Officer Commanding in Chief, RAF Middle East Command with
212-745: A base camp in Calais , he pressed for a transfer to the Royal Flying Corps (RFC). In January 1916, Tedder was accepted into the RFC and he was asked to attend the No. 1 School of Aeronautics in Reading. He was promoted to captain on 21 March 1916. In April he attended the Central Flying School where he learned to fly and gained his ' wings '. In June 1916, Tedder served as a pilot with No. 25 Squadron RFC flying
265-656: A direct result of its efforts during the Battle of Britain the Observer Corps was granted the title Royal by King George VI and became a uniformed volunteer branch of the RAF from April 1941 for the remainder of its existence as the Royal Observer Corps (ROC). The corps continued as a civilian organisation but wearing a Royal Air Force uniform and administered by Fighter Command. With their headquarters at RAF Bentley Priory ,
318-709: A fourth year in order that he might prepare himself for a career as a diplomat. On 2 September 1913, during his last year at Magdalene, Tedder gained a reserve commission as a second lieutenant in the Dorsetshire Regiment . After university, Tedder joined the Colonial Service as a cadet and departed Britain in February 1914, serving in the administration in Fiji . He did not find colonial life in Fiji to his liking, and when war
371-571: A professor at both the University of Dundee (as Queen's College eventually became) and at St Andrews. Tedder was the author of a highly regarded essay on the history of the Royal Navy and also composed his war memoirs. In November 1950 he was elected Chancellor of the University of Cambridge . He also served as Chairman of the Standard Motor Company from 1954 to 1960 and vice-chairman of
424-678: A war of attrition and keep as many German fighters in the west, particularly after the Operation Barbarossa , the German attack on the Soviet Union, began in June 1941. Large Spitfire formations were sent out with a few medium bombers to lure the German fighters into combat. The Luftwaffe left Jagdgeschwader 2 (JG 2) and Jagdgeschwader 26 (JG 26) in western Europe, comprising 180 fighters at most. The advantages enjoyed by Fighter Command during
477-542: Is different from Wikidata All set index articles Arthur Tedder, 1st Baron Tedder Marshal of the Royal Air Force Arthur William Tedder, 1st Baron Tedder , GCB (11 July 1890 – 3 June 1967) was a Scottish Royal Air Force officer and peer. He was a pilot and squadron commander in the Royal Flying Corps in the First World War and he went on to serve as a senior officer in
530-605: The Luftwaffe from interfering in the ground and sea battle, claiming 106 victories. Postwar analysis showed that the RAF lost 106 aircraft, including 88 fighters and 18 bombers; 29 fighter losses were from flak, one ran out of fuel, two collided and one was a victim of friendly fire. The actual Luftwaffe loss was 48 aircraft, 28 being bombers, half of them Dornier Do 217s from KG 2 . JG 2, lost 14 Fw 190s and eight pilots killed, JG 26 lost six Fw 190s with their pilots. Spitfire losses stood at 70 destroyed and damaged to all causes;
583-594: The Luftwaffe night fighters would be scrambled against RAF Bomber Command (see Operation Hydra ). In January 1945, Fighter Command included 10, 11, 12 and 13 Groups, plus 38 (Airborne Forces) Group , 60 Group , and 70 (Training) Group . 10 Group was disestablished on 2 May 1945, and 70 Group on 17 July 1945. In 1946, 60 Group was amalgamated with 26 Group to become 90 (Signals) Group and transferred to Transport Command/British Air Force of Occupation. From 1939 to 1945, RAF Fighter Command lost 3,690 killed, 1,215 wounded and 601 POW; 4,790 aircraft were lost. As
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#1733084605859636-553: The 1957 Defence White Paper , the Sandys review declared that manned aircraft were obsolescent and would soon become obsolete. All programmes for manned aircraft that were not too far along were cancelled. In 1961, RAF Fighter Command was assigned to NATO's air defence system. On 1 May, Air Officer Commanding in Chief, Fighter Command, Air Marshal Sir Hector McGregor, assumed the additional title of Commander United Kingdom Air Defence Region. The ADR itself stretched some hundreds of miles to
689-751: The Allied invasion of Italy . He was awarded the American Legion of Merit on 27 August 1943 and awarded the Grand Cross of the Polish Order of Polonia Restituta on 1 October 1943. He went on to be Commander of Mediterranean Allied Air Forces , which took in an expanded group of air forces, in December 1943. When Operation Overlord —the invasion of France—came to be planned, Tedder was appointed Deputy Supreme Commander at SHAEF beneath General Eisenhower, taking up
742-979: The Board of Governors of the BBC . In his later years he developed Parkinson's disease and died at his home at Banstead in Surrey on 3 June 1967. His ashes are buried in St Clement Danes in London, the RAF church. His name can be seen on a memorial in Westminster Abbey . In 1915 Tedder married Rosalinde Maclardy; they had two sons and a daughter. Following the death of his first wife in an aircraft crash in Egypt in January 1943, Tedder married Marie (Toppy) Black (née Seton) in October 1943. Tedder
795-749: The Bristol Scout C on the Western Front . On 9 August 1916, Tedder was given additional responsibilities as he was made a flight commander with 25 Squadron. The first day of 1917 saw Tedder promoted to major and appointed officer commanding No. 70 Squadron RFC . Tedder remained on the Western Front and his new squadron was equipped with the Sopwith 1½ Strutter . He was awarded the Italian Silver Medal for Military Valour on 26 May 1917. Tedder
848-866: The Lees Knowles Lecture , which was then published as Air Power in War . He moved on to become chairman, British Joint Services Mission in Washington in January 1950 before retiring in May 1951. In 1951 Tedder accepted an invitation to chair the Royal Commission on University Education in Dundee which ultimately led to the creation of the Queen's College, Dundee as a college of the University of St Andrews . His son John would later be
901-615: The RAF Staff College in January 1929. Promoted to group captain on 1 January 1931, he went to the Air Armament School at RAF Eastchurch as officer commanding in January 1932. On 4 April 1934 he became Director of Training at the Air Ministry, gaining promotion to air commodore on 1 July 1934. In November 1936, Tedder was appointed Air Officer Commanding (AOC) RAF Far Eastern Forces which gave him command over RAF units from Burma to Hong Kong and Borneo . Appointed
954-772: The RN Staff College in late 1923 and through the spring of 1924. Promoted to wing commander on 1 January 1924, Tedder became station commander at RAF Digby and the Commandant of No. 2 Flying Training School there in September 1924, before joining the air staff in the Directorate of Training at the Air Ministry in January 1927. He attended the Imperial Defence College in 1928 and then became Assistant Commandant at
1007-640: The Second World War , winning fame during the Battle of Britain in 1940. The command continued until November 1943, when it was disbanded and the RAF fighter force was split into two categories, defence and attack. The defensive force became Air Defence of Great Britain (ADGB) and the offensive force became the RAF Second Tactical Air Force . ADGB was renamed Fighter Command in October 1944 and continued to provide defensive patrols around Britain. It
1060-409: The surname Tedder . If an internal link intending to refer to a specific person led you to this page, you may wish to change that link by adding the person's given name (s) to the link. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tedder&oldid=1248022154 " Category : Surnames Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description
1113-459: The " Tedder Carpet ". He was advanced to Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath on 27 November 1942 in recognition of his services in the Middle East. In February 1943 Tedder took command of Mediterranean Air Command , serving under U.S. General Dwight D. Eisenhower (the theatre commander), and in that role was closely involved in the planning of the Allied invasion of Sicily and then
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#17330846058591166-447: The 1960s dawned, the RAF continued to shrink. The three functional commands, Fighter Command, Bomber Command , and Coastal Command , had all been formed in 1936 to help reorganise an expanding RAF. It was now becoming clear that the RAF was becoming too small to justify their continued existence as separate entities. Consequently, in 1968, Fighter Command and Bomber Command were amalgamated to form Strike Command , and became groups within
1219-665: The Air Staff on 1 January 1946. In that role he advocated increased recruiting in the face of many airmen leaving the service, doubled the size of Fighter Command and implemented arrangements for the Berlin Airlift in 1948. He was granted a peerage as Baron Tedder , of Glenguin in the County of Stirling on 8 February 1946 and received the American Distinguished Service Medal on 14 June 1946. In 1947 he delivered
1272-526: The Battle of Britain were reversed, the short range of the Spitfire becoming a tactical disadvantage and British pilots became prisoners of war if shot down. Fighter Command claimed 711 Luftwaffe fighters shot down but only 236 were lost from all causes, 103 in combat, for a loss of 400 RAF fighters. As 1941 ended, the appearance of the new Focke-Wulf Fw 190 , considerably superior to the Spitfire Mk V , put
1325-629: The British fighters at a worse disadvantage. The Blitz of 1940 continued against civilian and industrial targets. Fighter Command night defences improved considerably in the new year; the Bristol Beaufighter supplanted the Bristol Blenheim as the principal night fighter , equipped with improved aircraft interception radar , and became increasingly effective in ground-controlled interception (GCI). The difficult task of slowly grinding down
1378-623: The Bulge . When the unconditional surrender of the Germans came in May 1945 Tedder signed on behalf of General Eisenhower. He was promoted to the substantive rank of air chief marshal on 6 June 1945. Tedder was awarded the Soviet Order of Kutuzov (1st Class) on 28 August 1945 and promoted to Marshal of the Royal Air Force on 12 September 1945. Tedder took over from Charles Portal as Chief of
1431-603: The Germans continued into 1942 and 1943. Squadrons also found themselves on tiring defensive patrols as small formations of Fw 190s flew 'hit and run' nuisance raids along the south coast and the Hawker Typhoon came into squadron service. On 19 August, during the Dieppe Raid , the RAF had an opportunity to engage large numbers of Luftwaffe aircraft. The Spitfire squadrons (42 with Mark Vs, and four with Mark IXs) flew ground-attack, escort and air-superiority sorties and prevented
1484-797: The Glenguin Distillery (now Glengoyne ) in the Campsie Fells , north of Glasgow . His father was distinguished as the Commissioner of the Board of Customs who devised the old age pension scheme. His father's occupation meant that the young Tedder saw different parts of the British Isles , spending 1895 to 1898 in Lerwick in the Shetland Isles and 1899–1901 in Elgin , in the County of Moray . In 1902
1537-454: The ROC remained administered by Fighter Command until 31 March 1968, when responsibility was handed over to the newly formed RAF Strike Command . The ROC was a defence warning organisation operating in the UK between 1925 and 31 December 1995, when it was stood down. Initially established for an aircraft recognition and reporting role that lasted through both world wars, the organisation switched to
1590-693: The Royal Air Force (RAF) during the inter-war years when he served in Turkey, Great Britain and the Far East. During World War II , as Air Officer Commanding of the RAF Middle East Command , Tedder directed RAF air operations in the Mediterranean and North Africa, including the evacuation of Crete and Operation Crusader in North Africa. His bombing tactics became known as the " Tedder Carpet ". Later in
1643-415: The acting rank of air marshal . Shortly thereafter, Tedder was ordered by Churchill to resurrect the Takoradi air route . Tedder was appointed as Air Officer Commanding in Chief, RAF Middle East Command on 1 June 1941, with the temporary rank of air marshal (made permanent in April 1942). He had not been Churchill's first choice for the role but when the preferred choice ( Air Vice-Marshal O T Boyd )
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1696-399: The battle, as had the Luftwaffe. By May 1941, the squadrons based at all the main fighter airfields operated in wings, under the tactical control of the new post of wing leader , a survivor of 1940 with the rank of wing commander . Fighter Command began a campaign to gain air superiority over northwestern France. Short-penetration fighter operations were used to draw the Luftwaffe into
1749-468: The command's Spitfires performed a key role in protecting the increasing numbers of Boeing B-17 Flying Fortresses and Consolidated B-24 Liberators operating over Occupied Europe. The Spitfire's chronic lack of operational range – not unlike the Bf 109E's dilemma during the Battle of Britain – meant such protection was limited to the Channel and the European coast. The Spitfire had a range of only 479 miles (771 km). In February 1944, Fighter Command
1802-445: The family moved to Croydon in Surrey where Tedder attended Whitgift School until 1909, when he went up to the University of Cambridge . Tedder spent his university years (1909–13) at Magdalene College , where he read history. He was awarded a lower second class honours degree in June 1912. Tedder spent the summer of 1912 in Berlin studying German . With the start of a new academic year, he decided to return to Magdalene for
1855-403: The meagre German air opposition and supported ground forces by strafing German positions and transport. Later that year, the final test of ADGB (renamed Fighter Command in October 1944) in the war occurred against the V-1 flying bomb during Operation Crossbow . RAF fighters also flew long-range night intruder operations against German airfields and aircraft (e.g. at take-off/landing) at the time
1908-631: The north, west and south of the country and almost to the continental coastline in the east. In organisational terms, Nos 11 (14 July 1936 – 31 December 1960, 1 January 1961 - 1 April 1963) and 12 Groups (1 April 1937 – 31 March 1963) continued in almost unbroken service until 1963. No.13 Group (15 March 1939 – 20 May 1946) was reformed on 16 May 1955 and then disbanded 31 December 1961 at RAF Ouston (becoming 11 Group). From 1 April 1963 three sectors, No. 11 Sector RAF ; No. 12 Sector RAF ; and No. 13 Sector RAF were maintained. 13 Sector disbanded by amalgamation with No. 11 Sector on 17 March 1965. As
1961-571: The number lost to Fw 190s is unknown. The Luftwaffe claimed 61 of the 106 RAF machines lost, which included all types, JG 2 claiming 40 and JG 26 claiming 21. In 1942 Fighter Command claimed 560 victories against a true loss of 272 German fighters from all causes, for 574 RAF day fighters destroyed. By the autumn of 1942, the arrival of the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) 8th Air Force and its daylight bombers added bomber escort to Fighter Command's tasks. Until American Republic P-47 Thunderbolt fighter groups were operational in May 1943,
2014-411: The role in January 1944. However he developed an antipathy towards the British General Bernard Montgomery and during the difficult Battle of Normandy and later, he was a critic of Montgomery's performance and advocated Montgomery's removal from command. In the last year of the war, Tedder was sent to the Soviet Union to seek assistance as the Western Front came under pressure during the Battle of
2067-409: The temporary rank of air chief marshal on 3 July 1942. Tedder oversaw the buildup of the air arm in the Western Desert and, more importantly, the development of new more effective operational and administrative policies which turned it into a highly effective force which was key to the Allied victory at the decisive Battle of El Alamein in October 1942. One of his bombing tactics became known as
2120-401: The war Tedder took command of the Mediterranean Air Command and in that role was closely involved in the planning of the Allied invasion of Sicily and the Allied invasion of Italy . When Operation Overlord —the invasion of France—came to be planned, Tedder was appointed Deputy Supreme Commander at Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force under General Dwight D. Eisenhower . After
2173-400: The war, Tedder served as Chief of the Air Staff , in which role he advocated increased recruitment in the face of many airmen leaving the RAF, doubled the size of RAF Fighter Command and implemented arrangements for the Berlin Airlift in 1948. He also held senior positions in business and academia. Tedder was born the son of Sir Arthur John Tedder and Emily Charlotte Tedder (née Bryson) at
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2226-439: Was appointed officer commanding No. 67 Squadron at RFC Shawbury on 25 June 1917 and became commander of the School of Navigation and Bomb Dropping in Egypt the following year. Another change soon followed and on 24 June 1918 Tedder was appointed officer commanding 38th Wing , also based in Egypt. He was promoted to the temporary rank of lieutenant colonel on 23 July 1918 (rank relinquished on 2 April 1919). Tedder
2279-444: Was captured, Tedder was appointed. As head of the RAF Middle East Command, he commanded air operations in the Mediterranean and North Africa, including the evacuation of Crete in May 1941 and Operation Crusader in North Africa in late 1941. Tedder was advanced to Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath in the 1942 New Year Honours , mentioned in despatches for his services in the Middle East on 30 June 1942 and promoted to
2332-445: Was declared , he returned to Britain so that he could join the regular Army . Tedder was promoted to lieutenant in the Dorset Regiment on 14 October 1914, and arrived back in Britain in December. He was posted to a reserve unit at Wyke Regis on the Dorset coast where he seriously injured his knee in February. Following his injury Tedder was unable to carry out full infantry service and, although he briefly carried out duties at
2385-408: Was disbanded for the second time in 1968, when it was subsumed by the new Strike Command . On 20 May 1926, the forerunner of Fighter Command was established as a group within Inland Area . On 1 June, Fighting Area was transferred to the Air Defence of Great Britain . Fighting Area was raised to command status in 1932 and renamed Fighter Command on 1 May 1936. On 23 February 1940, No. 60 Group RAF
2438-436: Was established within Fighter Command to control Chain Home radar detection and tracking units. During the late 1930s Fighter Command expanded greatly and replaced its obsolete biplane squadrons – generally outfitted with Bristol Bulldog , Gloster Gauntlet and Hawker Fury biplane fighters leading up to, and through the period of its founding – with the Hawker Hurricane and the Supermarine Spitfire . Fighter Command
2491-423: Was given command of No. 274 Squadron, equipped with the Handley Page V/1500 , the largest RAF bomber of its time, at RAF Bircham Newton in May 1919. On 1 August 1919, Tedder accepted a permanent commission in the new Royal Air Force (RAF). Renamed No. 207 Squadron in February 1920 and equipped with DH9a bombers, the squadron was briefly deployed to Turkey in 1922–23 during the Chanak Crisis . Tedder attended
2544-473: Was in a position to assist Fighter Command until it relocated to bases in France and West Germany in 1954–55. After 1949, those Soviet bombers could be carrying nuclear weapons, and so intercepting them was crucial if the UK was to be saved during a war. A long succession of fighter aircraft saw service with Fighter Command during the 1950s and 1960s, including the Gloster Meteor , Hawker Hunter , Gloster Javelin and English Electric Lightning . The Lightning
2597-437: Was reinforced by 10 Group , which covered southwest England, 12 Group , which covered the Midlands and East Anglia , and 13 Group , which covered the North of England and Scotland. 14 Group was established on 26 June 1940. 60 Group was established to run the Chain Home radar stations in early 1940. In the end, the Germans failed to attain air superiority, although the RAF had been eating severely into its reserves during
2650-451: Was split into the Air Defence of Great Britain (ADGB), the former name of Fighter Command, to defend Britain, and the Second Tactical Air Force , to support ground forces after the invasion of Europe. On 15 July, No. 14 Group RAF (established 26 June 1940) was disestablished. In 1944 ADGB made the greatest effort in its history during Operation Overlord , the invasion of France which began on 6 June. RAF and Allied fighter units suppressed
2703-465: Was tested during the Battle of Britain in the summer of 1940 when the German Luftwaffe launched an offensive aimed at attaining air superiority over the Channel and the UK as a prerequisite to the launch of a seaborne invasion force (codenamed Operation Sea Lion ). Fighter Command was divided into several groups, each defending a different part of the UK. 11 Group took the brunt of the German attack, as it controlled southeast England and London . It
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#17330846058592756-402: Was the father of: Dick (killed in France 1940), John Michael (1926–1994; Late Purdie Professor of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews ), Richard (Professor of Virology at UCL ) and Mena. RAF Fighter Command RAF Fighter Command was one of the commands of the Royal Air Force . It was formed in 1936 to allow more specialised control of fighter aircraft . It operated throughout
2809-533: Was the only purely British supersonic aircraft to enter service, owing to a defence review in 1957. During the mid-1950s, the performance of the new surface-to-air missiles was improving quickly. Duncan Sandys , the Minister of Defence at the time, needed to find cuts in the British defence budget since the UK was in serious danger of being bankrupted by its defence spending. The rate of improvement of surface-to-air missiles seemed to indicate that they would soon be able to shoot down any manned aircraft. Consequently, in
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