Mid 20th Century
154-473: Edward Ellsworth Annis (born February 2, 1980) is a Canadian-American professional wrestler , better known by his ring name Teddy Hart . He currently wrestles on the independent circuit . He wrestled on a National scale for Major League Wrestling (MLW) as the leader of The Hart Foundation , where he held the MLW World Middleweight and MLW Tag Team championships. He has also wrestled for AAA ,
308-559: A Parejas Suicidas steel cage match, featuring three other former tag teams. However, both Hart and Evans managed to escape the cage and avoid having to face each other in a Hair vs. Hair match . On February 22, 2013, Hart participated on the AAA Canada: Next Generation Wrestling event, competing in the NGW World Title Tournament. Hart reached the finals of the tournament but ultimately would not win
462-497: A concussion suffered during the match, and has since only wrestled at two ROH shows, At Our Best , on March 13, 2004, and Final Battle on December 19, 2009, against Jack Evans. Hart made several appearances with NWA Total Nonstop Action . In August 2003, he defeated Jonny Storm and then lost to Juventud Guerrera in the course of the Super X Cup Tournament . He returned in March 2004 as
616-761: A five-way ladder match to win the vacant World Middleweight Championship . At MLW Saturday Night SuperFight on November 2, 2019, Hart defeated Austin Aries via the Canadian Destroyer to retain the MLW World Middleweight Championship. On the November 11, 2019 edition of MLW Fusion Hart was defeated by Myron Reed for the Middleweight Championship. On December 6, MLW posted on their website and social media that Hart had been released from
770-446: A " gimmick " consisting of a specific persona , stage name , entrance theme , and other distinguishing traits. Matches are the primary vehicle for advancing storylines, which typically center on interpersonal conflicts, or feuds , between heroic " faces " and villainous " heels ". A wrestling ring , akin to the platform used in boxing , serves as the main stage ; additional scenes may be recorded for television in backstage areas of
924-624: A 3-Way No Disqualification New Jersey Street Fight at Reclaiming Hudson . Less than a month later on February 16, 2008, Hart defeated Kenny Omega and Xavier in a 3-way elimination match at Wild Card IV . After the match, Hernandez hit Hart with the Border Toss . That same night, Hart, in response to being attacked by Hernandez, announced that he would challenge LAX for the Tag Team Titles at Caged Fury and that his partner would be Samoa Joe . On March 8, 2008, LAX defeated Hart and Samoa Joe in
1078-452: A JAPW event in Aberdeen, New Jersey . The match culminated with Hart climbing on top of a soda machine and delivering a moonsault onto Lethal. The match was briefly stopped while Hart stepped out into the parking lot to recover. Hart managed to recuperate in time and then returned to the ring, where he won the match. On October 28, 2006, Hart defeated Homicide , Low Ki , and Necro Butcher at
1232-671: A Three Way Elimination match at Triplemanía XVI . On September 14, La Hermandad Extrema (Joe Líder and Nicho El Millonario ) defeated The Hart Foundation 2.0 (Teddy Hart and Jack Evans), The Mexican Powers (Crazy Boy and Último Gladiador) and La Familia de Tijuana (Extreme Tiger and Halloween) in a Four Way Ladder match for the World Tag Team Championship at Verano de Escandalo . After the loss, Hart and Evans began feuding with Líder and Nicho and on October 24, La Hermandad Extrema defeated The Hart Foundation 2.0 (Teddy Hart and Jack Evans), and Los Bello Stones (Alan and Chris Stone) in
1386-403: A Three Way Ladder match for the World Tag Team Championship at the 2008 Antonio Peña Memorial Show . On December 6, Hart and Evans wrestled to a double countout against Líder and Nicho for the World Tag Team Championship at Guerra de Titanes . On March 15, 2009, El Zorro, Hart and Evans defeated Charly Manson and D-Generation Mex ( X-Pac and Alex Koslov ) at Rey de Reyes . In June 2009 Hart and
1540-413: A background in authentic wrestling no longer mattered. After this time, matches became more outlandish and gimmicky and any semblance professional wrestling had to catch wrestling faded. The personas of the wrestlers likewise grew more outlandish. Gorgeous George , who performed throughout the 1940s and 1950s, was the first wrestler whose entrance into the arena was accompanied by a theme song played over
1694-520: A carny term for a shooting gallery gun whose sights were not deliberately misaligned. Wrestling in the United States blossomed in popularity after the Civil War , with catch wrestling eventually becoming the most popular style. At first, professional wrestlers were genuine competitive fighters, but they struggled to draw audiences because Americans did not find real wrestling to be very entertaining, so
SECTION 10
#17328734344271848-513: A central authority. Nor could any of them stomach the idea of leaving the NWA themselves to compete directly with McMahon, for that would mean their territories would become fair game for the other NWA members. McMahon also had a creative flair for TV that his rivals lacked. For instance, the AWA's TV productions during the 1980s were amateurish, low-budget, and out-of-touch with contemporary culture, which lead to
2002-574: A champion that Curley put forth: Dick Shikat . The National Wrestling Association shut down in 1980. In 1948, a number of promoters from across the country came together to form the National Wrestling Alliance (NWA). The NWA recognized one "world champion", voted on by its members, but allowed member promoters to crown their own local champions in their territories. If a member poached wrestlers from another member, or held matches in another member's territory, they risked being ejected from
2156-424: A degree. Vince Russo, the boss of WCW in 2000, completely disregarded kayfabe by routinely discussing business matters and office politics in public, which alienated fans. I watch championship wrestling from Florida with wrestling commentator Gordon Solie . Is this all "fake"? If so, they deserve an Oscar . Elizabeth, New Jersey Elizabeth is a city in and the county seat of Union County , in
2310-461: A disabled person, evading arrest, and being in possession of a controlled substance. Annis was arrested again on the same charges on February 16, 2021, this time in northern Virginia. Professional wrestling 1970s and 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s and 2020s Professional wrestling (often referred to as pro wrestling , or simply, wrestling ) is a form of athletic theater that combines mock combat with drama , with
2464-410: A fee, a visitor could challenge the wrestler to a quick match. If the challenger defeated the champion in a short time frame, usually 15 minutes, he won a prize. To encourage challenges, the carnival operators staged rigged matches in which an accomplice posing as a visitor challenged the champion and won, giving the audience the impression that the champion was easy to beat. This practice taught wrestlers
2618-436: A four-way tag team match, which was won by Joe Líder and Juventud Guerrera and also included the teams of Extreme Tiger and Fénix, and Halloween and Nicho el Millonario. On April 1, El Hijo del Perro Aguayo , who had recently been feuding with Hart's former partner Jack Evans, named Hart the newest member of his Los Perros del Mal stable. On August 5 at Triplemanía XX , Hart reunited with Evans for one night to take part in
2772-414: A genuine sport, and the phrase "professional wrestling" therefore has a more literal meaning in those places. A notable example is India's Pro Wrestling League . In numerous American states, professional wrestling is legally defined as a non-sport. For instance, New York defines professional wrestling as: Professional wrestling means an activity in which participants struggle hand-in-hand primarily for
2926-571: A good high-flying wrestler. On November 1, 2003, Hart competed at a Ring of Honor show in Elizabeth, New Jersey as part of a Scramble Cage match . After losing the match, he began to perform moonsaults and executed a shooting star press from the top of the cage rather than selling the moves he had taken. Hart then vomited at ringside. His actions attracted the ire of many wrestlers, as he endangered some wrestlers by performing moves on them which they were not anticipating. Hart attributes his actions to
3080-481: A grudge match at Pro Wrestling Xplosion's debut show Lighting the Fuse at the infamous ECW Arena . The match ended in a no contest after the referee , who was associated with Corino, claimed that Hart had submitted when he had not. Hart then challenged Corino to a fight in the parking lot, which led to another brawl. Hart made his debut with AZW Hawaii at their March 29 event Revenge and Retribution . He wrestled in both
3234-436: A household in the city was $ 35,175, and the median income for a family was $ 38,370. Males had a median income of $ 30,757 versus $ 23,931 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 15,114. About 15.6% of families and 17.8% of the population were below the poverty line , including 22.2% of those under age 18 and 17.2% of those age 65 or over. Since World War II , Elizabeth has seen its transportation facilities grow;
SECTION 20
#17328734344273388-405: A legitimate sport. Firstly, wrestling was more entertaining when it was faked, whereas fakery did not make boxing any more entertaining. Secondly, in a rigged boxing match, the designated loser must take a real beating for his "defeat" to be convincing, but wrestling holds can be faked convincingly without inflicting injury. This meant that boxers were less willing to "take dives"; they wanted to have
3542-754: A match against Gus Sonnenberg in January 1929. Bowser then broke away from the trust to form his own cartel, the American Wrestling Association (AWA), in September 1930, and he declared Sonnenberg to be the AWA champion. This AWA should not be confused with Wally Kadbo's AWA founded in 1960. Curley reacted to this move by convincing the National Boxing Association to form the National Wrestling Association , which in turn crowned
3696-681: A member of Team Canada , and represented them as its original captain in the second America's X-Cup , where Hart defeated Mr. Águila in the first match. He was released from the promotion following an altercation in a restaurant with CM Punk stemming from the Elizabeth ROH show, where Sabu had to separate the two. The Hart Foundation stable would later compete in Major League Wrestling , where Hart teamed with Evans as The Hart Foundation 2.0 , as well as being labeled "The New Hart Foundation". MLW's TV series, MLW Underground would be
3850-431: A middle-class presence and was mostly spared riots in the 1960s. According to the U.S. Census Bureau , the city had a total area of 13.66 square miles (35.37 km ), including 12.32 square miles (31.91 km ) of land and 1.34 square miles (3.46 km ) of water (9.78%). Elizabeth is bordered to the southwest by Linden , to the west by Roselle and Roselle Park , to the northwest by Union and Hillside , to
4004-440: A new city, attendance was high because there was a waiting fanbase cultivated in advance by the cable TV shows. The NWA's traditional anti-competitive tricks were no match for this. The NWA attempted to centralize and create their own national cable television shows to counter McMahon's rogue promotion, but it failed in part because the members of the NWA, ever protective of their territories, could not stomach submitting themselves to
4158-582: A population of 135,829 for 2023, making it the 207th-most populous city in the nation and the fifth-most populous municipality of any type in the state, falling behind Lakewood Township , where the population that year was estimated to be 139,866. Elizabeth, originally called " Elizabethtown " and part of the Elizabethtown Tract , was founded in 1664 by English settlers. The town was not named for Queen Elizabeth I as many people may assume, but rather for Elizabeth, wife of Sir George Carteret , one of
4312-717: A singles against SABAKI and a six-man tag team match, where he was partnered with SABAKI and Mark Anarchy against AkuA, DDB and Rocko Shinoda. He debuted for Florida's Pro Wrestling Dynasty in 2006 as part of "Team Vision" (with Chasyn Rance and Mister Saint Laurent) and helped them win in the main event. He also wrestled the next night for Florida's Coastal Championship Wrestling teaming with Rance, defeating Pablo Marquez and J.P. Ace. He also wrestled for UXW Wrestling in Florida on their June 16, 2006 event "Xtreme Havoc", where he defeated Rance. On December 1, 2007 at All Pro Wrestling , Hart and Markus Riot defeated Dana Lee and Brian Cage in
4466-426: A staggered basis with elections held in even-numbered years. The mayor and the three council members elected at-large come up for election together in leap years and two years later the six members who are elected from each of Elizabeth's six wards are all up for election. As of 2024 , the city's Mayor is Democrat Chris Bollwage , a lifelong resident of Elizabeth who is serving his eighth term as Mayor, serving
4620-794: A staggered basis with three seats coming up for election each year, with an appointed County Manager overseeing the day-to-day operations of the county. At an annual reorganization meeting held in the beginning of January, the board selects a Chair and Vice Chair from among its members. As of 2024 , Union County's County Commissioners are: Rebecca Williams ( D , Plainfield , 2025), Joesph Bodek (D, Linden , 2026), James E. Baker Jr. (D, Rahway , 2024), Michele Delisfort (D, Union Township , 2026), Sergio Granados (D, Elizabeth , 2025), Bette Jane Kowalski (D, Cranford , 2025), Vice Chair Lourdes M. Leon (D, Elizabeth, 2026), Alexander Mirabella (D, Fanwood , 2024) and Chair Kimberly Palmieri-Mouded (D, Westfield , 2024). Constitutional officers elected on
4774-567: A steel cage match to retain the Tag Team Championship at Caged Fury . On December 19, 2009, more than five and a half years after his last appearance, Hart returned to Ring of Honor at their first live pay-per-view Final Battle 2009 , where he was defeated by Jack Evans. Hart made his AAA debut on November 20, 2007, in an Extreme Four Way tag team Ladder Match, where he teamed with Sabu against Crazy Boy and Joe Líder , Charly Manson and Chessman , Extreme Tiger and Halloween for
Teddy Hart - Misplaced Pages Continue
4928-565: A term of office that ends December 31, 2024. City Council members are Council President Carlos L. Torres (First Ward; D, 2026), Carlos Cedeño (Fourth Ward; D, 2026), Frank J. Cuesta (at-large; D, 2024), William Gallman Jr. (Fifth Ward; D, 2026), Nelson Gonzalez (Second Ward; D, 2026), Manny Grova Jr. (at-large; D, 2024), Kevin Kiniery (Third Ward; D, 2026), Frank O. Mazza (Sixth Ward; D, 2026), and Patricia Perkins-Auguste (at-large; D, 2024). Bollwage, who has served as mayor of Elizabeth since 1992,
5082-497: A typical American household only received four national channels by antenna, and ten to twelve local channels via UHF broadcasting . But cable television could carry a much larger selection of channels and therefore had room for niche interests. The WWF started with a show called All-American Wrestling airing on the USA Network in September 1983. McMahon's TV shows made his wrestlers national celebrities, so when he held matches in
5236-575: A victory for all the pain to which they subjected themselves. In the 1910s, promotional cartels for professional wrestling emerged in the East Coast (outside its traditional heartland in the Midwest ). These promoters sought to make long-term plans with their wrestlers, and to ensure their more charismatic and crowd-pleasing wrestlers received championships, further entrenching the desire for worked matches. The primary rationale for shoot matches at this point
5390-562: Is a current plan to develop the former Interbake Foods facility into shopping and residential townhouses and condominiums. This community contains many larger one and two-family homes that have been rebuilt over the past decade. North Elizabeth also features many well-kept apartment houses and condominium units on and around North Avenue that are home to professionals who work in New York or the area. The only Benedictine women's community in New Jersey
5544-400: Is a third-generation wrestler; his father, B. J. Annis , and his grandfather Stu Hart were both wrestlers. Annis has a son, Bradley, with his ex-girlfriend Kim. Annis suffers from Bipolar disorder and does not medicate. Annis's great-grandfather Harry Smith also had bipolar disorder, as did his brother Frank. Annis was married to Fay, and she was involved in his wrestling career, mainly in
5698-410: Is a true sport. Wrestlers would at all times flatly deny allegations that they fixed their matches, and they often remained in-character in public even when not performing. When in public, wrestlers would sometimes say the word kayfabe to each other as a coded signal that there were fans present and they needed to be in character. Professional wrestlers in the past strongly believed that if they admitted
5852-524: Is a waterway that courses through the city for 4.2 miles (6.8 km) and is largely channelized, before draining into the Arthur Kill . Midtown , also occasionally known as Uptown, is the main commercial district and a historic section as well. It includes the First Presbyterian Church and St. John's Episcopal Church , and its St. John's Episcopal Churchyard . The First Presbyterian Church
6006-447: Is about his uncle Smith and cousin Matt . Annis is also the subject of the documentary Hart of Darkness by directors Kurt Spenrath and Fred Kroetsch, and the 2022 true crime documentary Dangerous Breed: Crime. Cons. Cats. which was originally being filmed as a "redemption" story, but changed directions upon the mysterious disappearance of Hart's then-girlfriend Samantha Fiddler. Annis
6160-428: Is also a cat lover and breeder of Persian cats which he has used sometimes in storylines and brought with him to matches . Annis is the oldest male grandchild of Stu and Helen Hart and the second oldest overall. His mother is of Greek descent through her maternal grandmother and Irish through her maternal grandfather. His maternal grandfather was of Scots-Irish, English and Scottish descent. On his father's side he
6314-508: Is also home of the DeCavalcante crime family , one of the most infamous Mafia families in the United States. The Point, formally known as the Crossroads, is centrally located and defined by New Point Road and Division Street. It is close to Midtown and contains many new affordable two-family homes, apartment houses and is undergoing a transformation. The former Elizabeth General Hospital site
Teddy Hart - Misplaced Pages Continue
6468-458: Is attributed to James Keighry of the Isle of Kerry, Ireland. He owned a business facing the square formed at the junction of Jackson, Madison, Chestnut and Magnolia Avenues. The approximate borders of this neighborhood extended north from East Grand Street to Flora Street and from Walnut to Division Street. Developed by Edward N. Kellogg, many of the streets were named after family and friends. Keighry Head
6622-507: Is currently being demolished and awaiting a new development. Home to St. Mary's and the "Hilltoppers", this area once was lined with mansions. Its approximate borders were South Broad Street to Grier Avenue and Pearl Street to what is now US 1&9. During its development in the 1860s it was the most fashionable area of the city to live. It is now a quiet middle class community experiencing a re-development with many new condominiums. Developed by Edward J. Grassman, Westminster got its name from
6776-463: Is derived from its dependence on businesses catering to seagoing ventures. It was a thriving center of commerce between the 1660s through the middle of the 20th century. This area has had a great deal of improvement since 2000. Many homes have been renovated or been replaced with new, more ornate structures. Federal housing projects that stood for decades along First Street have been demolished and replaced with low to moderate income housing. The waterfront
6930-701: Is governed within the Faulkner Act , formally known as the Optional Municipal Charter Law, under the Mayor-Council system of municipal government. The city is one of 71 municipalities (of the 564) statewide that use this form of government. The governing body is comprised of the Mayor and the City Council. The Elizabeth City Council includes nine members, who are elected to serve four-year terms of office on
7084-598: Is home to new town homes and two-family homes (duplexes). The area was once three distinct neighborhoods: Buckeye, Diamondville, and New Mexico. It was the US home of the Singer Manufacturing Company , makers of Singer sewing machines, which constructed a 1,400,000-square-foot (130,000 m ) facility on a 32-acre (13 ha) site in 1873. Shortly after it opened, the factory manufactured the majority of all sewing machines worldwide. With 6,000 employees working there in
7238-528: Is home to the Bayway Refinery , a Phillips 66 refining facility that supplies petroleum -based products to the New York /New Jersey area, producing approximately 230,000 barrels (37,000 m ) per day. Celadon, a mixed-use development containing 14 glass skyscrapers, offices, retail, a hotel, boardwalk and many other amenities is proposed to border the east side of The Mills at Jersey Gardens , directly on
7392-470: Is located at Saint Walburga Monastery on North Broad Street. Peterstown (also known as "The Burg") is a middle/working-class neighborhood in the southeastern part of the city. Its borders run west of Atlantic Street to South Spring Street from 1st Avenue to the Elizabeth River. Its name is derived from John Peters, who owned most of the land with George Peters. They divided the land and developed it during
7546-509: Is located close to Midtown, containing affordable one and two-family homes, and apartment houses, convenient to the Midtown shopping district, and transportation. The North End, also known as "North Elizabeth", is a diverse working-class neighborhood. The borders are approximately the Arch north to the city line between North Broad Street and US 1&9. It was developed mostly in the 1920s for workers in
7700-399: Is part Italian. He is the nephew of former professional wrestlers, Bret Hart, Owen Hart, Bruce Hart, Keith Hart, Smith Hart, Ross Hart, Dean Hart, and Wayne Hart. Annis holds dual citizenship with Canada and the United States. Annis grew up with three siblings, two sisters named Annie and Angela, as well as a younger brother named Matthew who died of necrotizing fasciitis in 1996. Annis is
7854-697: The 13th Congressional District , a change made by the New Jersey Redistricting Commission that took effect in January 2013, based on the results of the November 2012 general elections. For the 118th United States Congress , New Jersey's 8th congressional district is represented by Rob Menendez ( D , Jersey City ). New Jersey is represented in the United States Senate by Democrats Cory Booker ( Newark , term ends 2027) and George Helmy ( Mountain Lakes , term ends 2024). For
SECTION 50
#17328734344278008-557: The 2000 United States census there were 120,568 people, 40,482 households, and 28,175 families residing in the city. The population density was 9,865.5 inhabitants per square mile (3,809.1/km ). There were 42,838 housing units at an average density of 3,505.2 per square mile (1,353.4/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 55.78% White , 19.98% Black or African American , 0.48% Native American , 2.35% Asian , 0.05% Pacific Islander , 15.51% from other races , and 5.86% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 49.46% of
8162-594: The 2024-2025 session , the 20th legislative district of the New Jersey Legislature is represented in the State Senate by Joseph Cryan ( D , Union Township ) and in the General Assembly by Reginald Atkins (D, Roselle ) and Annette Quijano (D, Elizabeth ). Union County is governed by a Board of County Commissioners , whose nine members are elected at-large to three-year terms of office on
8316-877: The AAA World Tag Team Championship at Guerra de Titantes . Soon after joining, Hart joined Konnan 's heel stable Legión Extranjera (Foreign Legion) , where he regularly teams with Evans as The Hart Foundation 2.0. Part of his villainous character is that he cannot speak Spanish and during his promos, AAA captions his remarks in Spanish. On March 16, 2008, Hart lost a $ 2500 Ladder Battle Royal Match to Xtreme Tiger, which also included Chessman, Juventud Guerrera , Halloween and Joe Líder at Rey de Reyes . On June 13, The Mexican Powers (Crazy Boy, Último Gladiador and Ricky Marvin ) defeated La Legión Extranjera ( Bryan Danielson , Jack Evans and Teddy Hart), and La Familia de Tijuana (Extreme Tiger, Halloween and TJ Xtreme) in
8470-690: The Duesenberg automobile plant (later Durant Auto, Burry Biscuits and Interbake Foods). The area was heavily settled by the Irish and then Portuguese. The North End has easy access to New York City and Newark via its own NJ Transit train station , Routes 1 and 9 and the New Jersey Turnpike . The neighborhood also has Crane Square, the Historic Nugents Tavern, and Kellogg Park, and is within close proximity to Newark Liberty International Airport . There
8624-752: The Goethals Bridge , which spans the Arthur Kill to Staten Island can be found here. A small section of the neighborhood was isolated with both the completion of the Goethals Bridge in 1928 and the construction of the New Jersey Turnpike in the 1950s. Downtown / E-Port (a.k.a. The Port and Elizabethport) is the oldest neighborhood in Elizabeth. It consists of a collection of old world Elizabethan, new American colonial-style houses and apartment buildings that stretch east of 7th Street to its shores. The name
8778-654: The Hart Legacy promotion. In 2016 Annis and his wife divorced. Annis holds Canadian citizenship as a result of his birth in Canada to a Canadian-born mother. He also holds American citizenship due to being born to an American-born father. On November 19, 2016, Annis's girlfriend Samantha Louise Michelle Fiddler disappeared in Bartow, Florida . On December 3, 2014, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police announced that Annis
8932-680: The Latino population was 65%. The 2010 United States census counted 124,969 people, 41,596 households, and 29,325 families in the city. The population density was 10,144.1 per square mile (3,916.7/km ). There were 45,516 housing units at an average density of 3,694.7 per square mile (1,426.5/km ). The racial makeup was 54.65% (68,292) White , 21.08% (26,343) Black or African American , 0.83% (1,036) Native American , 2.08% (2,604) Asian , 0.04% (52) Pacific Islander , 16.72% (20,901) from other races , and 4.59% (5,741) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino residents of any race were 59.50% (74,353) of
9086-609: The New Jersey State Athletic Control Board that professional wrestling is not a real sport because its matches have predetermined outcomes. Shortly thereafter, New Jersey deregulated professional wrestling. The WWF then rebranded itself as a " sports entertainment " company. In the early years of the 20th century, the style of wrestling used in professional wrestling matches was catch wrestling . Promoters wanted their matches to look realistic and so preferred to recruit wrestlers with real grappling skills. In
9240-616: The Port Newark-Elizabeth Marine Terminal is one of the busiest ports in the world, as is Newark Liberty International Airport , located in both Newark and Elizabeth. Elizabeth also features Little Jimmy's Italian Ices (since 1932), The Mills At Jersey Gardens outlet mall , Loews Theater , and the Elizabeth Center , which generate millions of dollars in revenue. Companies based in Elizabeth included New England Motor Freight . Together with Linden , Elizabeth
9394-461: The U.S. state of New Jersey . As of the 2020 United States census , the city retained its ranking as the state's fourth-most-populous city behind neighboring Newark , Jersey City , and Paterson , with a population of 137,298, an increase of 12,329 (+9.9%) from the 2010 census count of 124,969, which in turn reflected an increase of 4,401 (3.7%) from the 120,568 counted in the 2000 census . The Population Estimates Program calculated
SECTION 60
#17328734344279548-762: The United States , Mexico , Japan , and northwest Europe (the United Kingdom , Germany/Austria and France ), which have each developed distinct styles, traditions, and subgenres within professional wrestling. Professional wrestling has developed its own culture and community , including a distinct vernacular . It has achieved mainstream success and influence within popular culture , with many terms, tropes , and concepts being referenced in everyday language as well as in film , music , television , and video games . Likewise, numerous professional wrestlers have become national or international icons with recognition by
9702-530: The 1870s, it employed the largest number of workers at a single facility in 1873. The company moved out of Elizabeth in 1982. Elizabeth Marina, which was once filled with trash and debris along its walkway, was also restored. It is the site of year-round celebrations from a Hispanic festival in late spring to the lighting of a Christmas tree in winter. Living conditions in this area continue to improve year after year. Historically, there were immigrant communities centered around Christian churches. The Slavic community
9856-577: The 1920s, a group of wrestlers and promoters known as the Gold Dust Trio introduced moves which have since become staples of the mock combat of professional wrestling, such as body slams, suplexes , punches, finishing moves, and out-of-ring count-outs. By the early 1930s, most wrestlers had adopted personas to generate public interest. These personas could broadly be characterized as either faces (likeable) or heels (villainous). Native Americans, cowboys, and English aristocrats were staple characters in
10010-400: The 1930s and 1940s. Before the age of television, some wrestlers played different personas depending on the region they were performing in. This eventually came to an end in the age of national television wrestling shows, which forced wrestlers to stick to one persona. Wrestlers also often used some sort of gimmick, such as a finishing move, eccentric mannerisms, or out-of-control behavior (in
10164-506: The 1990s, WCW became a credible rival to the WWF, but by end it suffered from a series of creative missteps that led to its failure and purchase by the WWF. One of its mistakes was that it diminished the glamor of its World Heavyweight Championship . Between January 2000 and March 2001, the title changed hands eighteen times, which sapped fan enthusiasm, particularly for the climactic pay-per-view matches. In professional wrestling, two factors decide
10318-411: The 19th century, who later sought to make matches shorter, more entertaining, and less physically taxing. As the public gradually realized and accepted that matches were predetermined, wrestlers responded by increasingly adding melodrama, gimmickry, and outlandish stunt work to their performances to further enhance the spectacle . By at least the early 20th century, professional wrestling had diverged from
10472-641: The Atlantic Athletic Corporation (AAC). The AAC shut down in 1960. In 1958, Omaha promoter and NWA member Joe Dusek recognized Verne Gagne as the world champion without the approval of the NWA. Gagne asked for a match against the recognized NWA champion Pat O'Connor. The NWA refused to honor the request, so Gagne and Minneapolis promoter Wally Karbo established the American Wrestling Association in 1960. This AWA should not be confused with Paul Bowser's AWA, which ceased operations just two months prior. Gagne's AWA operated out of Minnesota . Unlike
10626-526: The Backseat Boyz for the titles, giving Hart his second reign and Homicide his fifth. A little over a week later, however, they lost the titles back to the Backseat Boyz. On January 7, 2006, Hart defeated Azrieal to become the new Light Heavyweight Champion in a Gauntlet match at Wild Card II . Four months later, Hart lost the title to Frankie Kazarian in a triple threat match also involving A.J. Styles . On July 29, 2006, Hart took on Jay Lethal at
10780-559: The Elizabeth River and the Arthur Kill, it has maintained a strong Polish community for years. Developed at the turn of the 20th century, many of the area residents once worked at the refinery which straddles both Elizabeth and Linden. There are unique ethnic restaurants, bars, and stores along Bayway, and a variety of houses of worship. Housing styles are older and well maintained. There are many affordable two to four-family housing units, and multiple apartment complexes. The western terminus of
10934-568: The JAPW ninth Anniversary Show in Rahway, New Jersey to win the vacated JAPW Heavyweight Championship (the reigning JAPW champion, Rhyno had no showed the event). On January 23, 2007, Hart was stripped of the JAPW Heavyweight Championship due to problems with the promoter and was released from the company. In 2005, he made several appearances with WWE, wrestling in dark matches , where he
11088-699: The James Boys, Charles Evans and Justin LaRouche , Mr. Strongko and Ramón Loco , and Jamin Olivencia and TJ Dalton. Hart appeared at the debut show for Florida Championship Wrestling, as he defeated Shawn Osbourne and competed in a battle royal and a triple threat match . On September 25, TJ Wilson and Ted DiBiase, Jr. joined the Next Generation Hart Foundation stable alongside Hart, Smith, and Neidhart. On October 2, Hart competed in his last match for
11242-408: The NWA, at which point his territory became fair game for everyone. The NWA would blacklist wrestlers who worked for independent promoters or who publicly criticized an NWA promoter or who did not throw a match on command. If an independent promoter tried to establish himself in a certain area, the NWA would send their star performers to perform for the local NWA promoter to draw the customers away from
11396-477: The NWA, which only allowed faces to be champions, Gagne occasionally allowed heels to win the AWA championship so that they could serve as foils for him. In August 1983, the World Wrestling Federation (WWF), a promotion in the north-east , withdrew from the NWA. Vince K. McMahon then took over as its boss. No longer bound by the territorial pact of the NWA, McMahon began expanding his promotion into
11550-562: The New York City skyline, dot the edge of this neighborhood and are accessible to the Elizabeth station . The neighborhood area forms a "V" from its approximate borders of the Central Railroad tracks to Rahway Avenue. The Elmora section of Elizabeth is home to a large Modern Orthodox community. The Jewish Educational Center of Elizabeth was founded in 1941 by a Latvian-born rabbi, Pinchas Mordechai Teitz , who arrived to lecture in to
11704-514: The Port Newark Bay. Groundbreaking was scheduled for the summer of 2008 on the ferry, roads and parking, and construction was planned to continue for at least twelve years. As of 2021 this project has not started construction and there is no recent news about Celadon, so it is assumed that this project has been canceled Portions of the city are part of an Urban Enterprise Zone (UEZ), one of 32 zones covering 37 municipalities statewide. Elizabeth
11858-457: The World Wrestling Federation (now WWE ). His subsequent release, controversial actions while wrestling on the independent circuit and various legal problems have earned him a measure of infamy. Outside of the ring, Annis has been a mentor to several young wrestlers and has been a trainer at wrestling schools. Among his trainees are Jack Evans , Pete Wilson and his younger cousin Matt Hart . Annis
12012-401: The arena's loudspeakers, his being Pomp and Circumstance . He also wore a costume: a robe and hairnet, which he removed after getting in the ring. He also had a pre-match ritual where his "butler" would spray the ring with perfume. In the 1980s, Vince McMahon made entrance songs, costumes, and rituals standard for his star wrestlers. For instance, McMahon's top star Hulk Hogan would delight
12166-418: The art of staging rigged matches and fostered a mentality that spectators were marks to be duped. The term kayfabe comes from carny slang. By the turn of the 20th century, most professional wrestling matches were "worked" and some journalists exposed the practice: American wrestlers are notorious for the amount of faking they do. It is because of this fact that suspicion attaches to so many bouts that
12320-550: The audience by tearing his shirt off before each match. The first major promoter cartel emerged on the East Coast, although up to that point, wrestling's heartland had been in the Midwest. Notable members of this cartel included Jack Curley , Lou Daro, Paul Bowser and Tom and Tony Packs. The promoters colluded to solve a number of problems that hurt their profits. Firstly, they could force their wrestlers to perform for less money. As
12474-412: The broader public. In the United States, wrestling is generally practiced in an amateur context. No professional league for competitive wrestling exists due to a lack of popularity. For example, Real Pro Wrestling , an American professional freestyle wrestling league, dissolved in 2007 after just two seasons. In other countries, such as Iran and India , wrestling enjoys widespread popularity as
12628-424: The cartel grew, there were fewer independent promoters where independent wrestlers could find work, and many were forced to sign a contract with the cartel to receive steady work. The contracts forbade them from performing at independent venues. A wrestler who refused to play by the cartel's rules was barred from performing at its venues. A second goal of the wrestling cartels was to establish an authority to decide who
12782-418: The case of heels). The matches could also be gimmicky sometimes, with wrestlers fighting in mud and piles of tomatoes and so forth. The most successful and enduring gimmick to emerge from the 1930s were tag-team matches. Promoters noticed that matches slowed down as the wrestlers in the ring tired, so they gave them partners to relieve them. It also gave heels another way to misbehave by double-teaming. Towards
12936-483: The championship. On April 5, 2014, Hart competed for Dragon Gate USA where Hart, Chuck Taylor and Biff Busick faced Anthony Nese , Caleb Konley and Trent Baretta in a losing effort. on May 31, at an ACW event, Hart, Dan Maff and Monsta Mack defeated Azrieal, Danny Demanto and Damien Darling. on October 5, 2014, Hart competed for the Inspire Pro Pure Prestige title in a triple threat match which
13090-423: The character in shows must be considered fictional, wholly separate from the life of the performer. This is similar to other entertainers who perform with a persona that shares their own name. Some wrestlers also incorporate elements of their real-life personalities into their characters, even if they and their in-ring persona have different names. Kayfabe is the practice of pretending that professional wrestling
13244-503: The city's largest residential estates of the Tudor style and was inhabited by many residents who traced their ancestry to England. This neighborhood borders Hillside with the Elizabeth River running its border creating a dramatic splash of greenery and rolling hills off of North Avenue, near Liberty Hall. Residents use this area for recreation, whether it is at the newly christened Phil Rizzuto Park area, or for bird watching or for sunbathing by
13398-464: The city's then-small Orthodox community in the 1930s. The northwestern part of Elmora is known as Elmora Hills. It is a strongly middle- to upper-middle-class neighborhood. Originally called Shearerville, the name Elmora came from the developers of the area, the El Mora Land Company. This area was annexed from Union Township , returning to Elizabeth in the early part of the 20th century. This
13552-508: The commission. The Commission did on very rare occasions hand out such authorizations, such as for a championship match between Jim Londos and Jim Browning in June 1934. This decree did not apply to amateur wrestling, which the commission had no authority over. Wrestling fans widely suspected that professional wrestling was fake, but they did not care as long as it entertained. In 1933, a wrestling promoter named Jack Pfefer started talking about
13706-591: The company. While MLW offered no official explanation for Harts release, anonymous sources speculated that it was the result of ongoing disciplinary issues with Hart, including no showing an event and appearing in the crowds of AEW and NXT shows. On April 20, Hart made his return to the company after 5 years away from the AAA, attacking Joe Líder and Pagano . That same night he reappeared with Juventud Guerrera and Kevin Kross , attacking Dr. Wagner Jr. , Vampiro and Hernandez after
13860-468: The competitive sport to become an artform and genre of sports entertainment . Professional wrestling is performed around the world through various " promotions ", which are roughly analogous to production companies or sports leagues . Promotions vary considerably in size, scope, and creative approach, ranging from local shows on the independent circuit , to internationally broadcast events at major arenas. The largest and most influential promotions are in
14014-652: The cousin of fellow professional wrestlers Natalya Neidhart , Mike Hart , Matt Hart , Harry Smith , Bruce Hart Jr. and Torrin Hart as well as wrestling personalities Lindsay Hart and Georgia Smith . Hart debuted in July 1995 at Rockyford, Alberta , where he teamed up with his brother, Matthew, and defeated his cousin, Harry Smith, and T. J. Wilson . In the Calgary, Alberta -based Stampede Wrestling promotion, Hart teamed with Smith, Wilson and Jack Evans . In 2000, he wrestled for and
14168-540: The current fashion of wrestling is the universal discussion as to the honesty of the matches. And certainly the most interesting phrase of this discussion is the unanimous agreement: "Who cares if they're fixed or not—the show is good." Newspapers tended to shun professional wrestling, as journalists saw its theatrical pretense to being a legitimate sport as untruthful. Eventually promoters resorted to publishing their own magazines in order to get press coverage and communicate with fans. The first professional wrestling magazine
14322-554: The docks and shipyards, as well as several drydocks. The area's developer was Edward N. Kellogg, who also laid out the neighborhood in Keighry Head. Frog Hollow contains older-style, more affordable homes, rentals, and some quality restaurants in a working-class community. The statue honoring former Mayor Mack on Elizabeth Avenue is a landmark in the community. Frog Hollow is also convenient to the Veteran's Memorial Waterfront Park. Its name
14476-405: The end of the 1930s, faced with declining revenues, promoters chose to focus on grooming charismatic wrestlers with no regard for their skill because it was charisma that drew the crowds, and wrestlers who were both skilled at grappling and charismatic were hard to come by. Since most of the public by this time knew and accepted that professional wrestling was fake, realism was no longer paramount and
14630-417: The end of the 19th century. The area was once predominantly occupied by its earliest settlers, who were German, and during the 1920s was gentrified by newly immigrated Italians. Peterstown has clean, quiet streets and has many affordable housing opportunities with a "village" feel. The area contains the historic Union Square, which is home to produce stands, meat markets, fresh fish and poultry stores. Peterstown
14784-544: The facade of kayfabe as best as they could. In 1989, Vince McMahon testified before the New Jersey government that professional wrestling was not a true sport and therefore should be exempted from sports-related taxes. Many wrestlers and fans resented McMahon for this, but Lou Thesz accepted it as the smart move as it gave the industry more freedom to do as it pleased, and because by that point professional wrestling no longer attempted to appear real. The demise of WCW in 2001 provided some evidence that kayfabe still mattered to
14938-489: The first appearance for Hart, Smith, Evans and TJ Wilson on a major cable television network. On January 9, 2004, Hart defeated Bryan Danielson in a match billed as " Shawn Michaels ' top protégé (Danielson) vs. the last student of the Hart family dungeon (Hart)”, playing up the Montreal screwjob and bitter real-life rivalry between Michaels and Bret Hart . In 2004, Hart began competing for Jersey All Pro Wrestling , and won
15092-470: The first place. "Double-crosses", where a wrestler agreed to lose a match but nevertheless fought to win, remained a problem in the early cartel days. At times a promoter would even award a victorious double-crosser the title of champion to preserve the facade of sport. But promoters punished such wrestlers by blacklisting them, making it quite challenging to find work. Double-crossers could also be sued for breach of contract, such as Dick Shikat in 1936. In
15246-610: The game is not popular here. Nine out of ten bouts, it has been said, are pre-arranged affairs, and it would be no surprise if the ratio of fixed matches to honest ones was really so high. The wrestler Lou Thesz recalled that between 1915 and 1920, a series of exposés in the newspapers about the integrity of professional wrestling alienated a lot of fans, sending the industry "into a tailspin". But rather than perform more shoot matches, professional wrestlers instead committed themselves wholesale to fakery. Several reasons explain why professional wrestling became fake whereas boxing endured as
15400-455: The government. They pledged to stop allocating exclusive territories to its promoters, to stop blacklisting wrestlers who worked for outsider promoters, and to admit any promoter into the Alliance. The NWA would flout many of these promises, but its power was nonetheless weakened by the lawsuit. Paul Bowser's AWA joined the NWA in 1949. The AWA withdrew from the Alliance in 1957 and renamed itself
15554-513: The home of another independent wrestler, Ace Montana. Montana claims he had pulled a gun on Annis in order to get him off of Manic. He then called the cops and Annis was arrested and charged with strangulation resulting in wounding/bodily harm. He was held without bail in the Richmond City jail until his court date on April 22. On October 23, 2020, Annis was arrested in Texas and charged with injuring
15708-464: The independent. By 1956, the NWA controlled 38 promotions within the United States, with more in Canada, Mexico, Australia and New Zealand. The NWA's monopolistic practices became so stifling that the independents appealed to the government for help. In October 1956 the US Attorney General's office filed an antitrust lawsuit against the NWA in an Iowa federal district court. The NWA settled with
15862-492: The individual wrestlers are paid or have been paid for their performance in a professional wrestling exhibition. All engagements of professional wrestling shall be referred to as exhibitions, and not as matches. In the industry's slang, a fixed match is referred to as a worked match, derived from the slang word for manipulation, as in "working the crowd". A shoot match is a genuine contest where both wrestlers fight to win and are therefore "straight shooters", which comes from
16016-471: The industry was anything but a competitive sport. The first wrestling promoter to publicly admit to routinely fixing matches was Jack Pfefer . In 1933, he started talking about the industry's inner workings to the New York Daily Mirror , resulting in a huge exposé. The exposé neither surprised nor alienated most wrestling fans, although some promoters like Jack Curley were furious and tried to restore
16170-487: The industry's inner workings to the New York Daily Mirror , maintaining no pretense that wrestling was real and passing on planned results just before the matches took place. While fans were neither surprised nor alienated, traditionalists like Jack Curley were furious, and most promoters tried to maintain the facade of kayfabe as best they could. Not the least interesting of all the minor phenomena produced by
16324-494: The main event by the AAA Mega Championship . The trio called themselves MAD , and vowed to meet against their upcoming incumbents. Annis was the subject of the 2009 documentary A Hart Still Pounding . The project was originally named Ted Hart's Truth and Reality and was almost shut down by the creator, due to having problems with working with Hart. Hart also appeared in the 2016 documentary Hart Still Beating , which
16478-484: The main event. On March 22, 2008, Hart and Jack Evans defeated Ruckus and Trent Acid at PWS Majestic Mayhem in round one of the Majestic Tournament to crown the first ever PWS Champion. In the second round, Evans defeated Hart by countout in a 30-minute match which received a standing ovation. A best of five series was made and the two met for their second encounter on May 2 at Belleville Breakdown , where Hart
16632-498: The members of wrestling cartels as the champion drew big crowds wherever he performed, and this would occasionally lead to schisms. By 1925, this cartel had divided the country up into territories which were the exclusive domains of specific promoters. This system of territories endured until Vince McMahon drove the fragmented cartels out of the market in the 1980s. This cartel fractured in 1929 after one of its members, Paul Bowser , bribed Ed "Strangler" Lewis to lose his championship in
16786-631: The north by Newark (in Essex County ). To the east the city is across Newark Bay from Bayonne in Hudson County and the Arthur Kill from Staten Island , New York . The borders of Elizabeth, Bayonne, and Staten Island meet at one point on Shooters Island , of which 7.5 acres (3.0 ha) of the island is owned by Elizabeth, though the island is managed by the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation . The Elizabeth River
16940-435: The population. Colombia is the nation of birth for the highest number of foreign-born inhabitants of Elizabeth; it was the birthplace of 8,731 Elizabeth residents as of the 2000 Census. This exceeded the combined total of 8,214 for Mexican and Central American immigrants. It also far exceeded the next highest single nation count of Cuba at 5,812. The highest number for a non-Spanish speaking country and third highest overall
17094-413: The population. Elizabeth had the tenth-highest percentage of Hispanic residents among municipalities in New Jersey in 2010. Of the 41,596 households, 37.0% had children under the age of 18; 39.2% were married couples living together; 22.0% had a female householder with no husband present and 29.5% were non-families. Of all households, 23.5% were made up of individuals and 7.2% had someone living alone who
17248-512: The premise that the performers are competitive wrestlers. Professional wrestling is distinguished by its scripted outcomes and emphasis on entertainment and showmanship . The staged nature of matches is an open secret , with both wrestlers and spectators nonetheless maintaining the pretense that performances are bona fide competitions, which is likened to the suspension of disbelief employed when engaging with fiction . Professional wrestlers perform as characters and usually maintain
17402-533: The promotion as he and TJ Wilson defeated Mike Mondo and Nick Nemeth . On October 11, Hart was released from the company. On July 1, 2006, Hart made his One Pro Wrestling debut at Fight Club II in Yorkshire, England , and defeated PAC . During the next two months, Hart competed regularly for 1PW , including a 10-man brawl, in which he was eliminated by Abyss after Hart's teammate Steve Corino turned on him. On September 13, 2006, Hart and Corino wrestled in
17556-475: The promotion's Tag Team Championship with Jack Evans by defeating The Strong Style Thugs ( Homicide and B-Boy ) in a steel cage tag team match at Caged Fury , with help from Hart's uncle Jim Neidhart . After being champions for nearly four months, Evans and Hart lost the titles to the Backseat Boyz . Three months later, Hart teamed up Homicide, one of the men he beat for the Tag Team Championship, to defeat
17710-714: The promotion's closing in 1991. In the spring of 1984, the WWF purchased Georgia Championship Wrestling (GCW), which had been ailing for some time due to financial mismanagement and internal squabbles. In the deal, the WWF acquired the GCW's timeslot on TBS . McMahon agreed to keep showing Georgia wrestling matches in that timeslot, but he was unable to get his staff to Atlanta every Saturday to fulfill this obligation, so he sold GCW and its TBS timeslot to Jim Crockett Promotions (JCP). JCP started informally calling itself World Championship Wrestling (WCW). In 1988, Ted Turner bought JCP and formally renamed it World Championship Wrestling. During
17864-439: The purpose of providing entertainment to spectators and which does not comprise a bona fide athletic contest or competition. Professional wrestling is not a combative sport. Wrestling constituting bona fide athletic contests and competitions, which may be professional or amateur combative sport, shall not be deemed professional wrestling under this Part. Professional wrestling as used in this Part shall not depend on whether
18018-619: The rest of Legion Extranjera turned on Evans and kicked him out of the stable. On June 13, Team AAA ( El Hijo del Santo , La Parka , Vampiro , Octagón and Jack Evans) defeated La Legion Extranjera ( Silver King , Chessman, Kenzo Suzuki , Electroshock and Teddy Hart) at Triplemania XVII to regain control over AAA and force Konnan out of the company. On August 21 at Verano de Escandalo Konnan and Hart returned to AAA with their new version of La Legion Extranjera. In early 2010 AAA suspended Hart indefinitely. Hart returned to AAA on March 18, 2012, at Rey de Reyes , where he teamed with Chessman in
18172-485: The results of a referendum held on March 27, 1855. On March 19, 1857, the city became part of the newly created Union County. Portions of the city were taken to form Linden Township on March 4, 1861. The first major industry, the Singer Sewing Machine Company came to Elizabeth and employed as many as 2,000 people. In 1895, it saw one of the first car companies , when Electric Carriage and Wagon Company
18326-489: The river. It is one of the more affluent areas of Elizabeth. The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and cool to cold winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Elizabeth straddles the boundary between a humid subtropical climate and a hot-summer humid continental climate . In 2019, the foreign-born population in the city was 46.6% of the total population, and
18480-500: The short-lived Wrestling Society X , Jersey All Pro Wrestling , and Dragon Gate USA . He operates a wrestling school in Edmonton . He is the son of Georgia Hart of the Hart wrestling family and wrestler B. J. Annis . He is also the nephew of former professional wrestlers, Bret Hart and Owen Hart . Hart achieved an early degree of fame when he became the youngest wrestler to be signed to
18634-499: The show with "M-Dogg 20" Matt Cross , where their tag team was known as "The Filth and the Fury". As a team, Hart and Cross managed to defeat The Trailer Park Boys and Team Dragon Gate . On the fifth episode, Hart had to be stretchered away following his match after landing leg-first on the guardrail and then climbing to the top of the set and executing a moonsault , clashing heads as he landed. WSX ceased operations after their television show
18788-440: The stamina for an hours-long fight. Audiences also preferred short matches. Worked matches also carried less risk of injury, which meant shorter recovery. Altogether, worked matches proved more profitable than shoots. By the end of the 19th century, nearly all professional wrestling matches were worked. A major influence on professional wrestling was carnival culture. Wrestlers in the late 19th century worked in carnival shows. For
18942-426: The territories of his former NWA peers, now his rivals. By the end of the 1980s, the WWF would become the sole national wrestling promotion in the U.S. This was in part made possible by the rapid spread of cable television in the 1980s. The national broadcast networks generally regarded professional wrestling as too niche an interest, and had not broadcast any national wrestling shows since the 1950s. Before cable TV,
19096-505: The trial, witnesses testified that most of the "big matches" and all of the championship bouts were fixed. By the 1930s, with the exception of the occasional double-cross or business dispute, shoot matches were essentially nonexistent. In April 1930, the New York State Athletic Commission decreed that all professional wrestling matches held in the state had to be advertised as exhibitions unless certified as contests by
19250-471: The truth, their audiences would desert them. Today's performers don't "protect" the industry like we did, but that's primarily because they've already exposed it by relying on silly or downright ludicrous characters and gimmicks to gain popularity with the fans. It was different in my day, when our product was presented as an authentic, competitive sport. We protected it because we believed it would collapse if we ever so much as implied publicly that it
19404-590: The two original Proprietors of the colony of New Jersey . She was the daughter of Philippe de Carteret II, 3rd Seigneur de Sark and Anne Dowse. The town served as the first capital of New Jersey. During the American Revolutionary War , Elizabethtown was continually attacked by British forces based on Manhattan and Staten Island , culminating in the Battle of Springfield which decisively defeated British attempts to gain New Jersey. After independence, it
19558-405: The venue, in a format similar to reality television . Performers generally integrate authentic wrestling techniques and fighting styles with choreography , stunts , improvisation , and dramatic conventions designed to maximize entertainment value and audience engagement. Professional wrestling as a performing art evolved from the common practice of match-fixing among American wrestlers in
19712-535: The way of proceedings: the "in-show" happenings, presented through the shows; and real-life happenings outside the work that have implications, such as performer contracts, legitimate injuries, etc. Because actual life events are often co-opted by writers for incorporation into storylines of performers, the lines between real life and fictional life are often blurred and become confused. Special discern must be taken with people who perform under their own name (such as Kurt Angle and his fictional persona ). The actions of
19866-420: The wrestlers quietly began faking their matches so that they could give their audiences a satisfying spectacle. Fixing matches was also convenient for scheduling. A real ("shoot") match could sometimes last hours, whereas a fixed ("worked") match can be made short, which was convenient for wrestlers on tour who needed to keep appointments or share venues. It also suited wrestlers who were aging and therefore lacked
20020-425: Was Wrestling As You Like It , which printed its first issue in 1946. These magazines were faithful to kayfabe . Before the advent of television, professional wrestling's fanbase largely consisted of children, the elderly, blue-collar workers and minorities. When television arose in the 1940s, professional wrestling got national exposure on prime-time television and gained widespread popularity. Professional wrestling
20174-425: Was $ 43,770 (with a margin of error of +/− $ 1,488) and the median family income was $ 46,891 (+/− $ 1,873). Males had a median income of $ 32,268 (+/− $ 1,205) versus $ 27,228 (+/− $ 1,427) for females. The per capita income for the borough was $ 19,196 (+/− $ 604). About 14.7% of families and 16.7% of the population were below the poverty line , including 23.5% of those under age 18 and 18.5% of those age 65 or over. As of
20328-453: Was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.91 and the average family size was 3.45. In the city the population was spread out, with 26.3% under the age of 18, 10.8% from 18 to 24, 33.7% from 25 to 44, 19.3% from 45 to 64, and 10.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.1 males. The median income for
20482-548: Was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.94 and the average family size was 3.43. 25.6% of the population were under the age of 18, 10.6% from 18 to 24, 31.3% from 25 to 44, 23.3% from 45 to 64, and 9.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33.2 years. For every 100 females, the population had 98.6 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older there were 96.8 males. The Census Bureau's 2006–2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income
20636-528: Was Portugal, whose native-born immigrants numbered 4,544. The next largest groups were Salvadoran immigrants numbering 4,043, Peruvians at 3,591 and Dominican immigrants, of whom there were 3,492. There were 40,482 households, out of which 36.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.9% were married couples living together, 19.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.4% were non-families. 24.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.4% had someone living alone who
20790-666: Was a battleground for the American Revolution. Located here are also the 1931 Art Deco Hersh Tower, the Thomas Jefferson Arts Academy , and the Ritz Theatre which has been operating since 1926. Midtown/Uptown includes the area once known as "Brittanville" which contained many English type gardens. Bayway is located in the southern part of the city and borders the City of Linden. From US 1&9 and Allen Street, between
20944-521: Was a key creative figure in the Matrats promotion. At the age of 16, he wrestled in the opening match of a World Wrestling Federation house show in Calgary, teaming with his cousin, Harry Smith, against Andrew Picarnic and T. J. Wilson as a tribute to his brother, Matthew, who had recently died. In 1998, Hart became the youngest person ever to be signed to a World Wrestling Federation developmental contract, and
21098-541: Was arrested in Virginia and was charged with possession of a schedule III controlled substance with the intent to sell or distribute. On March 4, 2020, Annis was once again arrested in Virginia, this time for violating the conditions of his bail by not staying under house arrest. On March 26, 2020, Annis was arrested in Virginia for a third time after allegedly assaulting his girlfriend, female independent wrestler Maria Manic at
21252-588: Was assigned to the Florida Championship Wrestling developmental facility of WWE. Hart appeared at the July 18 Ohio Valley Wrestling television taping, participating in a battle royal where the winner faced John Cena at Six Flags Kentucky Kingdom on July 27. Although he lost, it was announced that he and Harry Smith (along with Nattie Neidhart ) would face Shad Gaspard and JTG at the same show. The " Next Generation Hart Foundation ", began teaming regularly, and would go on to defeat teams such as
21406-633: Was cancelled. On October 27, 2007, Hart returned to JAPW after interfering in the fight between Homicide and Low Ki at the JAPW tenth Anniversary Show. On December 8, 2007, Teddy Hart teamed with Low Ki against The Latin American Xchange (LAX) ( Homicide and Hernandez ) and BLK OUT ( Eddie Kingston and Slyk Wagner Brown ) in a three-way match for the JAPW Tag Team Championship at Seasons Beatings , however LAX retained. On January 19, 2008, Hart defeated Homicide and Eddie Kingston in
21560-656: Was centered by Sts. Peter and Paul Byzantine, the Lithuanian community attended Sts. Peter and Paul Roman Catholic and the Polish community attended St. Adalbert Roman Catholic Church which still stands. St. Patrick Church, originally Irish, dominates the 'Port; the cornerstone for the second and current building was laid in 1887. Elmora is a middle/working-class neighborhood in the western part of Elizabeth. The main thoroughfare, Elmora Avenue, offers restaurants, shops and boutiques. Several high-rise building complexes, affording views of
21714-488: Was challenges from independent wrestlers. But a cartelized wrestler, if challenged, could credibly use his contractual obligations to his promoter as an excuse to refuse the challenge. Promotions would sometimes respond to challenges with "policemen": powerful wrestlers who lacked the charisma to become stars, but could defeat and often seriously injure any challenger in a shoot match. As the industry trend continued, there were fewer independent wrestlers to make such challenges in
21868-491: Was defeated by Harry Smith and working as an enhancement talent on Velocity , teaming with JD Michaels against The Basham Brothers . On April 1, 2006, Hart and several of his relatives attended the induction of his uncle Bret into the WWE Hall of Fame . After Wrestling Society X folded, Hart moved to Florida in hopes of earning a development deal with World Wrestling Entertainment, which he received. After being re-signed, he
22022-450: Was done to increase the city's tax base as major improvements to infrastructure were necessary at the time. Frog Hollow is a small community of homes east of Atlantic Street, west of the Arthur Kill, and south of Elizabeth Avenue. Its name is derived from the frogs that could be caught in its marshes as well as the oyster and fishing of the past. The area expanded east and includes the area formerly known as Helltown. Helltown included many of
22176-648: Was founded to manufacture the Electrobat , joined soon by another electric car builder, Andrew L. Riker . The Electric Boat Company got its start building submarines for the United States Navy in Elizabeth, beginning with the launch of USS Holland (SS-1) in 1897. These pioneering naval craft (known as A-Class) were developed at Lewis Nixon's Crescent Shipyard in Elizabeth between the years 1896–1903. Elizabeth grew in parallel to its sister city of Newark for many years, but has been more successful in retaining
22330-431: Was from Elizabethtown that George Washington embarked by boat to Manhattan for his 1789 inauguration. There are numerous memorials and monuments of the American Revolution in Elizabeth. On March 13, 1855, the City of Elizabeth was created by an act of the New Jersey Legislature , combining and replacing both Elizabeth Borough (which dated back to 1740) and Elizabeth Township (which had been formed in 1693), subject to
22484-471: Was paid an annual salary of $ 152,564 in 2016, placing him among the three highest-paid mayors in the state and the only mayor in Union County to earn annual compensation in excess of $ 100,000. Elizabeth is located in the 8th Congressional District and is part of New Jersey's 20th state legislative district. Prior to the 2010 Census, Elizabeth had been split between the 10th Congressional District and
22638-636: Was previously considered a niche interest, but the TV networks at the time were short on content and thus were willing to try some wrestling shows. In the 1960s, however, the networks moved on to more mainstream interests such as baseball, and professional wrestling was dropped. The core audience then shrunk back to a profile similar to that of the 1930s. In 1989, Vince McMahon was looking to exempt his promotion (the World Wrestling Federation ) from sports licensing fees. To achieve this, he testified before
22792-502: Was selected in 1983 as one of the initial group of 10 zones chosen to participate in the program. In addition to other benefits to encourage employment and investment within the Zone, shoppers can take advantage of a reduced 3.3125% sales tax rate (half of the 6 + 5 ⁄ 8 % rate charged statewide) at eligible merchants. Established in November 1992, the city's Urban Enterprise Zone status expires in November 2023. The City of Elizabeth
22946-511: Was sent to train with Dory Funk, Jr. at the "Funkin' Conservatory". However, he was later released by the WWF, due to alleged attitude problems. On September 20, 2003, Teddy wrestled for Ring of Honor in Philadelphia on their September event Glory by Honor II , where he defeated partner and friend, TJ Wilson. Backstage, however, the Special K faction confronted Hart, and mocked him for not being
23100-415: Was something other than what it appeared to be. I'm not sure now the fear was ever justified given the fact that the industry is still in existence today, but the point is no one questioned the need then. "Protecting the business" in the face of criticism and skepticism was the first and most important rule a pro wrestler learned. No matter how aggressive or informed the questioner, you never admitted
23254-417: Was the "world champion". Before the cartels, there were multiple wrestlers in the U.S. simultaneously calling themselves the "world champion", and this sapped public enthusiasm for professional wrestling. Likewise, the cartel could agree on a common set of match rules that the fans could keep track of. The issue over who got to be the champion and who controlled said champion was a major point of contention among
23408-437: Was victorious. On May 4, 2012, in Rahway, New Jersey Hart defeated Matt Hardy and Colt Cabana in a triple threat match for Pro Wrestling Syndicate. Hart was part of MTV 's Wrestling Society X project, which was filmed in 2006 and premiered in January 2007. He appeared in the inaugural contract rumble, where he was the second man to enter the ring, but did not win. Hart also wrestled tag team matches on later episodes of
23562-523: Was wanted on sexual assault charges involving two women. The charges were dropped in June 2016. Annis later opened up about several personal/real-life topics including his rape accusations in an interview hosted by wrestlers Chuckie T and Trent Barreta in January 2015. On January 1, 2017, Annis was arrested in Arlington, Texas , and was charged with DUI , evading arrest, and auto theft . The charges against Annis were later dropped. In February 2020, Annis
23716-600: Was won by Thomas Shire. On August 21, 2015, it was announced that Hart would make his debut for NOVA Pro Wrestling . In January 2016 Hart debuted for Canadian Wrestling's Elite . On July 14, 2016, in his debut for Lucha Libre Elite , Hart was defeated by Diamante Azul . Hart returned to Major League Wrestling (MLW) in 2017 as part of New Era Hart Foundation with cousin Davey Boy Smith Jr. and Brian Pillman Jr. On December 14, 2018, he defeated Dezmond Xavier , El Hijo de L.A. Park , Gringo Loco and Kotto Brazil in
#426573