15-487: See text . Tectariaceae is a family of leptosporangiate ferns in the order Polypodiales . In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), the family is placed in the suborder Polypodiineae . Alternatively, it may be treated as the subfamily Tectarioideae of a very broadly defined family Polypodiaceae sensu lato . The family comprises seven genera , of which Tectaria
30-604: A cladistic analysis of Tectariaceae separated two new genera, Draconopteris and Malaifilix , from Tectaria sensu stricto . Didymochlaenaceae Hypodematiaceae Dryopteridaceae Nephrolepidaceae Lomariopsidaceae Tectariaceae Oleandraceae Davalliaceae Polypodiaceae Malaifilix Draconopteris Pteridrys Arthropteris Hypoderris Triplophyllum Tectaria Arthropteris Draconopteris Malaifilix Polydictyum Pteridrys Hypoderris Triplophyllum Tectaria As of November 2019,
45-457: A consensus over time. The naming of families is codified by various international bodies using the following suffixes: The taxonomic term familia was first used by French botanist Pierre Magnol in his Prodromus historiae generalis plantarum, in quo familiae plantarum per tabulas disponuntur (1689) where he called the seventy-six groups of plants he recognised in his tables families ( familiae ). The concept of rank at that time
60-446: A family, yet in the realm of plants, these classifications often rely on both the vegetative and reproductive characteristics of plant species. Taxonomists frequently hold varying perspectives on these descriptions, leading to a lack of widespread consensus within the scientific community for extended periods. The continual publication of new data and diverse opinions plays a crucial role in facilitating adjustments and ultimately reaching
75-498: A plant family known as the walnut family . They are trees , or sometimes shrubs, in the order Fagales . Members of this family are native to the Americas , Eurasia , and Southeast Asia . The nine or ten genera in the family have a total of around 50 species, and include the commercially important nut -producing trees walnut ( Juglans ), pecan ( Carya illinoinensis ), and hickory ( Carya ). The Persian walnut, Juglans regia ,
90-497: Is by far the largest. In 1990, Karl U. Kramer and coauthors treated Pleocnemia and 7 of the currently recognized genera as a subfamily of Dryopteridaceae . Two other genera, Arthropteris and Psammiosorus , along with Oleandra , constituted Kramer's Oleandraceae . It is now known that Kramer's version of Dryopteridaceae is polyphyletic . Arthropteris (including Psammiosorus ) lies within Tectariaceae and Tectariaceae
105-454: Is one of the major nut crops of the world. Walnut, hickory, and gaulin are also valuable timber trees while pecan wood is also valued as cooking fuel. Members of the walnut family have large, aromatic leaves that are usually alternate, but opposite in Alfaroa and Oreomunnea . The leaves are pinnately compound or ternate, and usually 20–100 cm long. The trees are wind-pollinated , and
120-480: Is sister to a clade consisting of Oleandraceae , Davalliaceae , and Polypodiaceae . In 2006, in a revision of fern classification , Tectariaceae was an accepted family. In 2007, a molecular phylogenetic study of Dryopteridaceae included Pleocnemia and showed that it belongs in Dryopteridaceae. Also in 2007, Dracoglossum was named as a new genus. It has since been removed to Lomariopsidaceae . In 2016,
135-455: The Genera Plantarum of George Bentham and Joseph Dalton Hooker this word ordo was used for what now is given the rank of family. Families serve as valuable units for evolutionary, paleontological, and genetic studies due to their relatively greater stability compared to lower taxonomic levels like genera and species. Juglandaceae See text The Juglandaceae are
150-620: The Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World accepted the following genera. Polydictyum was separated from Tectaria after the publication of PPG I in 2016. Family (biology) Family ( Latin : familia , pl. : familiae ) is one of the eight major hierarchical taxonomic ranks in Linnaean taxonomy . It is classified between order and genus . A family may be divided into subfamilies , which are intermediate ranks between
165-506: The book's morphological section, where he delved into discussions regarding the vegetative and generative aspects of plants. Subsequently, in French botanical publications, from Michel Adanson 's Familles naturelles des plantes (1763) and until the end of the 19th century, the word famille was used as a French equivalent of the Latin ordo (or ordo naturalis ). In zoology ,
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#1732875657247180-530: The family as a rank intermediate between order and genus was introduced by Pierre André Latreille in his Précis des caractères génériques des insectes, disposés dans un ordre naturel (1796). He used families (some of them were not named) in some but not in all his orders of "insects" (which then included all arthropods ). In nineteenth-century works such as the Prodromus of Augustin Pyramus de Candolle and
195-512: The flowers are usually arranged in catkins . The fruits of the Juglandaceae are often confused with drupes but are accessory fruit because the outer covering of the fruit is technically an involucre and thus not morphologically part of the carpel; this means it cannot be a drupe but is instead a drupe-like nut. The known living genera are grouped into subfamilies, tribes, and subtribes as follows: Modern molecular phylogenetics suggest
210-491: The ranks of family and genus. The official family names are Latin in origin; however, popular names are often used: for example, walnut trees and hickory trees belong to the family Juglandaceae , but that family is commonly referred to as the "walnut family". The delineation of what constitutes a family— or whether a described family should be acknowledged— is established and decided upon by active taxonomists . There are not strict regulations for outlining or acknowledging
225-480: Was not yet settled, and in the preface to the Prodromus Magnol spoke of uniting his families into larger genera , which is far from how the term is used today. In his work Philosophia Botanica published in 1751, Carl Linnaeus employed the term familia to categorize significant plant groups such as trees , herbs , ferns , palms , and so on. Notably, he restricted the use of this term solely within
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