25-524: Hesperocyparis forbesii , with the common names Tecate cypress or Forbes' cypress , is a nonflowering, seed bearing tree species of western cypress native to southwestern North America in California and Baja California. It was formerly known as Cupressus forbesii . Hesperocyparis forbesii is native to montane chaparral and woodlands habitats in the western Peninsular Ranges . It grows at elevations of 450–1,500 metres (1,480–4,920 ft). The tree
50-473: A grade basal to Cupressaceae sensu stricto , containing Callitroideae and Cupressoideae . The former Taxodiaceae genus, Sciadopitys , has been moved to a separate monotypic family Sciadopityaceae due to being genetically distinct from the rest of the Cupressaceae. In some classifications Cupressaceae is raised to an order, Cupressales. Molecular evidence supports Cupressaceae being the sister group to
75-579: A different affinity. A 2021 molecular study found Hesperocyparis to be the sister group to the genus Callitropsis (containing only the Nootka cypress ), with this clade being sister to the Asian genus Xanthocyparis , containing only the Vietnamese golden cypress . The clade comprising all three genera was found to be sister to a clade containing Juniperus and Cupressus sensu stricto . If Hesperocyparis and
100-465: A species, but that it was a subspecies . In the 2000s studying the DNA showed the two populations to be distinct enough to be once again classified as separate species, though also showed them to be closely related. Research into the genetics of Cupressus and Juniperus as a whole resulted in a number of proposed reorganizations of the genus. The 2009 publication by Jim A. Bartel and others moving most of
125-423: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Cupressaceae Cupressaceae or the cypress family is a family of conifers . The family includes 27–30 genera (17 monotypic ), which include the junipers and redwoods , with about 130–140 species in total. They are monoecious , subdioecious or (rarely) dioecious trees and shrubs up to 116 m (381 ft) tall. The bark of mature trees
150-407: Is commonly orange- to red-brown and of stringy texture, often flaking or peeling in vertical strips, but smooth, scaly or hard and square-cracked in some species. The family reached its peak of diversity during the mesozoic era. The leaves are arranged either spirally, in decussate pairs (opposite pairs, each pair at 90° to the previous pair) or in decussate whorls of three or four, depending on
175-698: Is found only in the Santa Ana Mountains of Orange County and in San Diego County within Southern California , and in northern Baja California state of Mexico. The northernmost stand, in Orange County, which comprises a large area on the upper limits of Coal Canyon and on Sierra Peak in the Santa Ana Mountains, burned in a 2006 wildfire . Very few mature trees survived but regeneration
200-468: Is occurring by the hundreds to thousands. However another wildfire before trees are able to reach cone-producing age, which can be quite old for this species, could extirpate the stand. Hesperocyparis forbesii reaches 10 metres (33 ft), and is usually without dominant terminal shoot resulting in a multi-trunked tree . The foliage ranges from rich light green to green, and seed cones are dark brown, measuring 20–32 mm. Hesperocyparis forbesii
225-416: Is the only plant on which the rare Thorne's Hairstreak ( Callophrys gryneus thornei ) lays its eggs . Tecate cypress has proven to be a successful specimen tree , tolerant of the climate of Coastal California , and its cool temperatures and humidity, where other inland-growing western cypress species: such as Hesperocyparis macnabiana have done poorly in these conditions. A Tecate cypress planted at
250-635: The Cenomanian of North America, and they subsequently diversified during the Late Cretaceous and early Cenozoic. The family is divided into seven subfamilies, based on genetic and morphological analysis as follows: A 2010 study of Actinostrobus and Callitris places the three species of Actinostrobus within an expanded Callitris based on analysis of 42 morphological and anatomical characters. Phylogeny based on 2000 study of morphological and molecular data. Several further papers have suggested
275-721: The San Francisco Botanical Garden is showing vigor and produces viable cones at forty years of age. New World Species : Western cypress See text Hesperocyparis ( western cypress ) is a genus of trees in the family Cupressaceae , containing North American species otherwise assigned to the genus Cupressus . They are found throughout western North America . Only a few species have wide ranges, with most being restricted-range endemics . Members of Hesperocyparis were and still are placed in Cupressus by many authorities, but phylogenetic evidence supports
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#1733084855586300-487: The Cupressaceae, as do six of the ten longest-lived tree species . Molecular and morphological studies have expanded Cupressaceae to include the genera of Taxodiaceae , previously treated as a distinct family, but now shown not to differ from the Cupressaceae in any consistent characteristics. The member genera have been placed into five distinct subfamilies of Cupressaceae, Athrotaxidoideae , Cunninghamioideae , Sequoioideae , Taiwanioideae , and Taxodioideae , which form
325-956: The North American species to a new genus Hesperocyparis is the proposal that found most acceptance. As of 2024 the name Hesperocyparis forbesii is listed as the accepted species name by Plants of the World Online , World Flora Online , and the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service PLANTS database. Hesperocyparis guadalupensis is endemic to Guadalupe Island off Baja California, two hundred fifty miles away from any H. forbesii stands. Molecular testing has shown Hesperocyparis guadalupensis to be slightly more closely related to Hesperocyparis stephensonii . Major differences between Tecate cypress ( Hesperocyparis forbesii ) and Guadalupe cypress ( Hesperocyparis guadalupensis ) are: The Tecate cypress
350-459: The bark starts to flake. Most are evergreen with the leaves persisting 2–10 years, but three genera ( Glyptostrobus , Metasequoia and Taxodium ) are deciduous or include deciduous species. The seed cones are either woody, leathery, or (in Juniperus ) berry-like and fleshy, with one to several ovules per scale. The bract scale and ovuliferous scale are fused together except at the apex, where
375-456: The bract scale is often visible as a short spine (often called an umbo) on the ovuliferous scale. As with the foliage, the cone scales are arranged spirally, decussate (opposite) or whorled, depending on the genus. The seeds are mostly small and somewhat flattened, with two narrow wings, one down each side of the seed; rarely (e.g. Actinostrobus ) triangular in section with three wings; in some genera (e.g. Glyptostrobus and Libocedrus ), one of
400-595: The exceptions of polar tundra and tropical lowland rainforest (though several species are important components of temperate rainforests and tropical highland cloud forests ); they are also rare in deserts , with only a few species able to tolerate severe drought, notably Cupressus dupreziana in the central Sahara . Despite the wide overall distribution, many genera and species show very restricted relictual distributions, and many are endangered species . The world's largest ( Sequoiadendron giganteum ) and current tallest ( Sequoia sempervirens ) trees belong to
425-402: The genus. On young plants, the leaves are needle-like, becoming small and scale-like on mature plants of many genera; some genera and species retain needle-like leaves throughout their lives. Old leaves are mostly not shed individually, but in small sprays of foliage ( cladoptosis ); exceptions are leaves on the shoots that develop into branches. These leaves eventually fall off individually when
450-696: The genus; they may be borne singly at the apex of a shoot (most genera), in the leaf axils ( Cryptomeria ), in dense clusters ( Cunninghamia and Juniperus drupacea ), or on discrete long pendulous panicle -like shoots ( Metasequoia and Taxodium ). Cupressaceae is a widely distributed conifer family, with a near-global range in all continents except for Antarctica, stretching from 70°N in arctic Norway ( Juniperus communis ) to 55°S in southernmost Chile ( Pilgerodendron uviferum ), further south than any other conifer species. Juniperus indica reaches 4930 m altitude in Tibet . Most habitats on land are occupied, with
475-500: The other smaller genera were reunited with Cupressus it may also require them to be merged into a larger genus including Juniperus . As of 2024 Hesperocyparis is listed as the correct classification by Plants of the World Online , World Flora Online , and the Gymnosperm Database. There is disagreement about this classification, with some scientists continuing to use Cupressus in preference to Hesperocyparis . At
500-625: The primitive living cypress genera Taiwania and Cunninghamia . By the Middle to Late Jurassic Cupressaceae were abundant in warm temperate–tropical regions of the Northern Hemisphere. The diversity of the group continued to increase during the Cretaceous period. The earliest appearance of the non-taxodiaceous Cupressaceae (the clade containing Callitroideae and Cupressoideae) is in the mid-Cretaceous, represented by " Widdringtonia" americana from
525-778: The segregation Cupressus species into four total genera. Cunninghamia Taiwania Athrotaxis Metasequoia Sequoia Sequoiadendron Cryptomeria Glyptostrobus Taxodium Austrocedrus Papuacedrus Libocedrus Pilgerodendron Widdringtonia Diselma Fitzroya Neocallitropsis Actinostrobus Callitris (sometimes including Actinostrobus and Neocallitropsis ) Thuja Thujopsis Chamaecyparis (sometimes including Fokienia ) Calocedrus Tetraclinis Microbiota Platycladus Cupressus (sometimes split into Callitropsis , Cupressus , Hesperocyparis , and Xanthocyparis ) Juniperus A 2021 molecular study supported
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#1733084855586550-1279: The species level there is also uncertainty as to the number of species. In part this is because the north west of Mexico has not been sufficiently surveyed to give enough information to definitively determine if a number of species there and in the southwestern United States are fully separate species or part of a species complex . Juniperus Cupressus s.s. Xanthocyparis vietnamensis Farjon & Nguyên Callitropsis nootkatensis (Don) Oersted H. bakeri (Jepson) Bartel (Modoc cypress) H. macnabiana (Murray) Bartel (Macnab’s/Shasta cypress) H. goveniana (Gordon) Bartel (Gowen cypress) H. macrocarpa (Hartweg ex Gordon) Bartel (Monterey cypress) H. sargentii Jepson (Sargent cypress) H. glabra (Sudworth) Bartel (Smooth Arizona cypress) H. arizonica (Greene) Bartel (Arizona cypress) H. guadalupensis (Watson) Bartel (Guadalupe cypress) H. montana (Wiggins) Bartel (San Pedro Martir cypress) H. forbesii (Jepson) Bartel (Tecate cypress) H. lusitanica (Miller) Bartel (Mexican cypress) H. stephensonii (Jepson) Bartel (Cuyamaca cypress) Additional species: New World Species : This conifer -related article
575-415: The wings is significantly larger than the other, and in some others (e.g. Juniperus , Microbiota , Platycladus , and Taxodium ) the seed is larger and wingless. The seedlings usually have two cotyledons , but in some species up to six. The pollen cones are more uniform in structure across the family, 1–20 mm long, with the scales again arranged spirally, decussate (opposite) or whorled, depending on
600-502: The yews (family Taxaceae ), from which it diverged during the early-mid Triassic . The clade comprising both is sister to Sciadopityaceae, which diverged from them during the early-mid Permian . The oldest definitive record of Cupressaceae is Austrohamia minuta from the Early Jurassic ( Pliensbachian ) of Patagonia, known from many parts of the plant. The reproductive structures of Austrohamia have strong similarities to those of
625-473: Was given its first scientific description by the Californian botanist Willis Linn Jepson in 1922. It was named Cupressus forbesii by him. In 1970 Elbert Luther Little published a paper where he argued that it was insufficiently distinct from Cupressus guadalupensis and therefore should be a variety with the name var. forbesii . Ruble Mitchel Beauchamp agreed that it was not sufficiently distinct to be
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