32-592: Tea Gardens is a locality in the Mid-Coast Council local government area , in Mid North Coast region of New South Wales , Australia. At the 2021 census Tea Gardens had a population of 3,288, with most of the population resident in the town of Tea Gardens at the southern end of the locality. Tea Gardens extends along the west bank of the Myall River from Port Stephens about 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) in
64-447: A candidate who does not need them. If seats remain open after the first count, any surplus votes are transferred. This may generate the necessary winners. As well, least popular candidates may be eliminated as way to generate winners. The specific method of transferring votes varies in different systems (see § Vote transfers and quota ). Transfer of any existing surplus votes is done before eliminations of candidates. This prevents
96-434: A district. The key to STV's approximation of proportionality is that each voter effectively only casts a single vote in a district contest electing multiple winners, while the ranked ballots (and sufficiently large districts) allow the results to achieve a high degree of proportionality with respect to partisan affiliation within the district, as well as representation by gender and other descriptive characteristics. The use of
128-522: A large number of effective votes – 19 votes were used to elect the successful candidates. (Only the votes for Oranges at the end were not used to select a food. The Orange voters have satisfaction of seeing their second choice – Pears – selected, even if their votes were not used to select any food.) As well, there was general satisfaction with the choices selected. Nineteen voters saw either their first or second choice elected, although four of them did not actually have their vote used to achieve
160-563: A north-north-easterly direction. In the west it reaches the Pacific Highway . The town of Tea Gardens is located at the southernmost end of the locality, on the northern shore of Port Stephens on the west bank of the Myall River, which connects the Myall Lakes to the port. It is located directly across the river from Hawks Nest and the two lane Singing Bridge connects the two. Tea Gardens
192-453: A party from losing a candidate in the early stage who might be elected later through transfers. When surplus votes are transferred under some systems, some or all of the votes held by the winner are apportioned fractionally to the next marked preference on the ballot. In others, the transfers to the next available marked preference is done using whole votes. When seats still remain to be filled and there are no surplus votes to transfer (none of
224-448: A quota means that, for the most part, each successful candidate is elected with the same number of votes. This equality produces fairness in the particular sense that a party taking twice as many votes as another party will generally take twice the number of seats compared to that other party. Under STV, winners are elected in a multi-member constituency (district) or at-large, also in a multiple-winner contest. Every sizeable group within
256-437: A transfer if the first-preference food is chosen with a surplus of votes. The 23 guests at the party mark their ballots: some mark first, second and third preferences; some mark only two preferences. When the ballots are counted, it is found that the ballots are marked in seven distinct combinations, as shown in the table below: The table is read as columns: the left-most column shows that there were three ballots with Orange as
288-564: A voter's subsequent preferences if necessary. Under STV, no one party or voting bloc can take all the seats in a district unless the number of seats in the district is very small or almost all the votes cast are cast for one party's candidates (which is seldom the case). This makes it different from other commonly used candidate-based systems. In winner-take-all or plurality systems – such as first-past-the-post (FPTP), instant-runoff voting (IRV), and block voting – one party or voting bloc can take all seats in
320-425: Is Hamburgers, so the three votes are transferred to Hamburgers. Hamburgers is elected with 7 votes in total. Hamburgers now has a surplus vote, but this does not matter since the election is over. There are no more foods needing to be chosen – three have been chosen. Result: The winners are Pears, Cake, and Hamburgers. Orange ends up being neither elected nor eliminated. STV in this case produced
352-452: Is a multi-winner electoral system in which each voter casts a single vote in the form of a ranked ballot . Voters have the option to rank candidates, and their vote may be transferred according to alternative preferences if their preferred candidate is eliminated or elected with surplus votes, so that their vote is used to elect someone they prefer over others in the running. STV aims to approach proportional representation based on votes cast in
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#1732887700708384-489: Is calculated by a specified method (STV generally uses the Hare or Droop quota ), and candidates who accumulate that many votes are declared elected. In many STV systems, the quota is also used to determine surplus votes, the number of votes received by successful candidates over and above the quota. Surplus votes are transferred to candidates ranked lower in the voters' preferences, if possible, so they are not wasted by remaining with
416-484: Is eliminated. In accordance with the next preference marked on the vote cast by the voter who voted Strawberry as first preference, that vote is transferred to Oranges. In accordance with the next preference marked on the two votes cast by the Pear–Strawberry–Cake voters (which had been transferred to Strawberry in step 2), the two votes are transferred to Cake. (The Cake preference had been "piggy-backed" along with
448-653: Is located almost 220 km (137 mi) north of Sydney , about 10 km (6.2 mi) southeast of the Pacific Highway on the southern end of the Ramsar Convention listed wetlands of the Myall Lakes. According to the 2021 census the population of Tea Gardens is 3,288, an increase from 2,434 in 2011. The median age in Tea Gardens is 69, significantly higher than the national average of 38. Tea Gardens has one of
480-486: The Mid North Coast region of New South Wales , Australia . The council was formed on 12 May 2016 through a merger of the Gloucester Shire , Great Lakes and City of Greater Taree Councils. The MidCoast local government area comprises an area of 10,053 square kilometres (3,881 sq mi) and occupies the southern portion of the Mid North Coast of New South Wales stretching 190 km (118 mi) between
512-597: The Three Brothers mountains. At the time of its establishment the council had an estimated population of 90,504. The Mayor of the MidCoast Council is Councillor Claire Pontin, who was elected on 12 January 2022. The following towns and localities are located within the Mid–Coast Council area: MidCoast Council area has a number of heritage-listed sites, including: The population for the predecessor councils
544-441: The 23 guests. STV is chosen to make the decision, with the whole-vote method used to transfer surplus votes. The hope is that each guest will be served at least one food that they are happy with. To select the three foods, each guest is given one vote – they each mark their first preference and are also allowed to cast two back-up preferences to be used only if their first-preference food cannot be selected or to direct
576-549: The coastal towns of Hawks Nest and Tea Gardens and northwards to Crowdy Bay National Park . The council region includes the three great lakes, the coastal towns of Seal Rocks , Forster , Taree , and onto Crowdy Head north of Harrington . The LGA extends inland to the Barrington Tops National Park west of Gloucester , plus Stroud, Bulahdelah and Wingham. It includes the Manning River and valley adjoining
608-451: The district where it is used, so that each vote is worth about the same as another. STV is a family of proportional multi-winner electoral systems . They can be thought of as a variation on the largest remainders method that uses solid coalitions rather than party lists . Surplus votes belonging to winning candidates (those in excess of an electoral quota ) may be thought of as remainder votes – they are transferred to
640-400: The district wins at least one seat: the more seats the district has, the smaller the size of the group needed to elect a member. In this way, STV provides approximately proportional representation overall, ensuring that substantial minority factions have some representation. There are several STV variants. Two common distinguishing characteristics are whether or not ticket voting is allowed and
672-416: The fewest votes and is eliminated. According to their only voter's next preference, this vote is transferred to Cake. No option has reached the quota, and there are still two to elect with five in the race, so elimination of options will continue next round. Step 4: Of the remaining options, Oranges, Strawberry and Chicken now are tied for the fewest votes. Strawberry had the fewest first preference votes so
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#1732887700708704-598: The first choice and Pear as second, while the right-most column shows there were three ballots with Chicken as first choice, Chocolate as second, and Hamburger as third. The election step-by-step: ELECTED (2 surplus vote) ELECTED (0 surplus votes) ELECTED (1 surplus vote) Setting the quota: The Droop quota formula is used to produce the quota (the number of votes required to be automatically declared elected) = floor(valid votes / (seats to fill + 1)) + 1 = floor(23 / (3 + 1)) + 1 = floor(5.75) + 1 = 5 + 1 = 6 Step 1: First-preference votes are counted. Pears reaches
736-465: The last parcel of votes received by winners in accordance with the Gregory method. Systems that use the Gregory method for surplus vote transfers are strictly non-random. In a single transferable vote (STV) system, the voter ranks candidates in order of preference on their ballot. A vote is initially allocated to the voter's first preference. A quota (the minimum number of votes that guarantees election)
768-592: The manner in which surplus votes are transferred. In Australia, lower house elections do not allow ticket voting; some but not all state upper house systems do allow ticket voting. In Ireland and Malta, surplus votes are transferred as whole votes (there may be some random-ness) and neither allows ticket voting. In Hare–Clark , used in Tasmania and the Australian Capital Territory , there is no ticket voting and surplus votes are fractionally transferred based on
800-408: The national average of 45.9%. The major religious groups in Tea Gardens are Anglican 32.1%, Catholic 20.2% and Uniting Church 5.1%. 24.5% reported no religion with 7.9% not answering the question. The unemployment rate in Tea Gardens is 4.9% as at the 2021 census, which is similar to the national average of 5.1%. Mid-Coast Council MidCoast Council is a local government area located in
832-670: The oldest populations in Australia. This is also an increase from 61 in 2011. 13.5% of residents are aged 65–69; this compares with the national figure of 5.1%. 3.6% of residents are Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander; the median age among this group is 39. 75.7% of residents report being born in Australia; higher than the national average of 66.7%. Other than Australia the top countries are England (6.6%); New Zealand (1.7%), and Scotland (0.9%). The most common reported ancestries in Tea Gardens are English, Australian and Irish. 64.2% of residents report both parents being born in Australia, higher than
864-408: The quota with 8 votes and is therefore elected on the first count, with 2 surplus votes. Step 2: All of the voters who gave first preference to Pears preferred Strawberry next, so the surplus votes are awarded to Strawberry. No other option has reached the quota, and there are still two to elect with six options in the race, so elimination of lower-scoring options starts. Step 3: Chocolate has
896-411: The quota) or until there are only as many remaining candidates as there are unfilled seats, at which point the remaining candidates are declared elected. Suppose an election is conducted to determine what three foods to serve at a party. There are seven choices: Oranges, Pears, Strawberries, Cake (of the strawberry/chocolate variety), Chocolate, Hamburgers and Chicken. Only three of these may be served to
928-498: The remaining candidates' votes have surplus votes needing to be transferred), the least popular candidate is eliminated. The eliminated candidate's votes are transferred to the next-preferred candidate rather than being discarded; if the next-preferred choice has already been eliminated or elected, the procedure is iterated to lower-ranked candidates. Counting, eliminations, and vote transfers continue until enough candidates are declared elected (all seats are filled by candidates reaching
960-486: The result. Four saw their third choice elected. Fifteen voters saw their first preference chosen; eight of these 15 saw their first and third choices selected. Four others saw their second preference chosen, with one of them having their second and third choice selected. Note that if Hamburger had received only one vote when Chicken was eliminated, it still would have won because the only other remaining candidate, Oranges, had fewer votes so would have been declared defeated in
992-459: The transfer to Strawberry.) Cake reaches the quota and is elected. Cake has no surplus votes, no other option has reached the quota, and there is still one choice to select with three in the race, so the vote count proceeds, with the elimination of the least popular candidate. Step 5: Chicken has the fewest votes and is eliminated. The Chicken voters' next preference is Chocolate but Chocolate has already been eliminated. The next usable preference
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1024-796: Was estimated in 2015 as: MidCoast Council is composed of eleven councillors elected proportionally in a single ward . All councillors were elected to a fixed three-year term of office on 14 September 2024 . The positions of Mayor and Deputy Mayor are chosen by councillors. The current Council, elected in 2024, in order of election, is: Single transferable vote Condorcet methods Positional voting Cardinal voting Quota-remainder methods Approval-based committees Fractional social choice Semi-proportional representation By ballot type Pathological response Strategic voting Paradoxes of majority rule Positive results The single transferable vote ( STV ) or proportional-ranked choice voting ( P-RCV ),
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