102-553: Te Tai Hauāuru ( lit. ' The West Coast ' ) is a New Zealand parliamentary Māori electorate , returning one Member of Parliament to the New Zealand House of Representatives , that was first formed for the 1996 election . The electorate was represented by Tariana Turia from 2002 to 2014, first for the Labour Party and then for the Māori Party . Turia retired and
204-534: A Dominion , and even earlier as "Members of the General Assembly" (MGAs). All MPs are democratically elected, and usually enter the House following a general election . Once sworn in , MPs normally continue to serve until the next dissolution of parliament and subsequent general election, which must take place at least every three years. Early general elections (sometimes termed " snap elections ") are possible at
306-407: A coalition government , while others may stay outside the government but agree to support it on confidence votes . The prime minister (leader of the government) is answerable to, and must maintain the support of, the House of Representatives; thus, whenever the office of prime minister falls vacant, the governor-general appoints the person who is most likely to command the support of the House. If
408-460: A list member 's seat becomes vacant then the next available person on their party's list is appointed to the position . List MPs are free to stand in electorate by-elections and in the case of successful contest their own seat will be filled 'in turn'. To be an MP a person must be a New Zealand citizen (by birth or naturalisation) at the time of the election and not be disqualified from enrolling to vote; unlike certain other countries, bankruptcy
510-427: A mixed-member proportional representation system, which combines first-past-the-post elected seats with closed party lists . 72 MPs are elected directly in single-member electoral districts and further seats are filled by list MPs based on each party 's share of the party vote. A government may be formed from the single party or coalition of parties that has the support of a majority of MPs. If no majority
612-560: A United Future list MP, left the party to become an independent MP in May 2007, and contested the 2008 election as a candidate for The Kiwi Party . Going into the election, Labour had assurances of support from the Greens (six seats in 2005, down three from 2002) and from the Progressives (one seat, down one). This three-party bloc won 57 seats, leaving Clark four seats short of the 61 seats needed for
714-524: A bill changes during this process varies. If the select committee that considered the bill did not have a government majority and made significant alterations, the Government may make significant "corrective" amendments. There is some criticism that bills may be amended to incorporate significant policy changes without the benefit of select committee scrutiny or public submissions, or even that such major changes can be made with little or no notice. However, under
816-604: A centre-right coalition with United Future and ACT (two seats, down seven). Given the election results, however, such a coalition would have required the confidence-and-supply votes of both New Zealand First and the Māori Party. This appeared highly unlikely on several counts. New Zealand First's involvement in such a coalition would have run counter to Peters' promise to deal with the biggest party, and Turia and Sharples would have had difficulty in justifying supporting National after their supporters' overwhelming support for Labour in
918-504: A clean sweep by New Zealand First of the five Māori seats that year. Discontent with New Zealand First's behaviour in government led to a reconciliation between Māori voters and the Labour Party, albeit briefly; the introduction of the Seabed and Foreshore bill to Parliament by the ruling Labour Party lead to a schism between the party and a significant section of its Māori voter base, including
1020-503: A formal coalition between Labour and the Māori Party. Māori Party representatives also held discussions with National representatives, but most New Zealanders thought the Māori Party more likely to give confidence-supply support to a Labour-dominated government because its supporters apparently heavily backed Labour in the party vote. Had Turia and her co-leader Pita Sharples opted to join a Labour-Progressive-Green coalition, Clark would have had sufficient support to govern with support from
1122-474: A grouping of four parties (Labour, Green, Māori and Progressive). Without the Māori Party, Labour needed the support of New Zealand First (seven seats, down six) and United Future (three seats, down five) to form a government. New Zealand First said it would support (or at least abstain from opposing in confidence-motions) the party with the most seats. Clark sought from New Zealand First a positive commitment rather than abstention. United Future, which had supported
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#17330854898041224-456: A list member, or other incumbent. A [REDACTED] Y or [REDACTED] N denotes status of any incumbent , win or lose respectively. 39°56′00″S 175°03′00″E / 39.9333°S 175.0500°E / -39.9333; 175.0500 New Zealand House of Representatives Official Opposition (34) Crossbench (21) The House of Representatives ( Māori : Whare o Raro , lit. 'Lower House')
1326-496: A list member, or other incumbent. A [REDACTED] Y or [REDACTED] N denotes status of any incumbent , win or lose respectively. Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A [REDACTED] Y or [REDACTED] N denotes status of any incumbent , win or lose respectively. Blue background denotes
1428-544: A list member, or other incumbent. A [REDACTED] Y or [REDACTED] N denotes status of any incumbent , win or lose respectively. Electorate (as at 26 November 2011): 32,617 Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A [REDACTED] Y or [REDACTED] N denotes status of any incumbent , win or lose respectively. Blue background denotes
1530-480: A major defeat, winning only 21% of the vote (22.5% of the seats). The collapse of National's vote led ultimately to the replacement of its Parliamentary party leader Bill English with parliamentary newcomer Don Brash on 28 October 2003. Brash began an aggressive campaign against the Labour-dominated government. A major boost to this campaign came with his " Orewa speech " (27 January 2004), in which he attacked
1632-427: A majority in the 121-seat Parliament (decreased from the expected 122 because the final results gave the Māori Party only one overhang seat , after it appeared to win two overhang seats on election night). On 5 October the Māori Party began a series of hui to decide whom to support. That same day reports emerged that a meeting between Helen Clark and Māori co-leader Tariana Turia on 3 October had already ruled out
1734-425: A man, or 'Madam Speaker', if a woman. Only the speaker may be directly addressed in debate; other members must be referred to in the third person, either by full name or office. The speaker can " name " a member believed to have broken the rules of conduct of the House; following a vote this will usually result in the expulsion of said member from the chamber. During debates, members may only speak if called upon by
1836-409: A matter of law. The title is changed from a bill to an act, and it becomes law. In addition to the work of the main chamber, the House of Representatives also has a large number of committees, established in order to deal with particular areas or issues. There are 12 subject select committees, which scrutinise and amend bills. They can call for submissions from the public, thereby meaning that there
1938-441: A period of time is set aside for questions to be asked of ministers and select committee chairs. Questions to a minister must related to their official ministerial activities, not about activities as a party leader. There are 12 questions, which are distributed proportionately among the parties. In addition to questions asked orally during question time, members may also make inquiries in writing. Written questions are submitted to
2040-562: A provisional result at 12:05 am on 18 September. New Zealand operates on a system whereby the Electoral Commission allocates funding for advertising on television and on radio. Parties must use their own money for all other forms of advertising, but may not use any of their own money for television or radio advertising. *Must register for funding Source: Electoral Commission Police investigated six political parties for alleged breaches of election-spending rules relating to
2142-457: A select committee, which consists only of a few members). When the House is "in committee", it is able to operate in a slightly less formal way than usual. During a committee of the whole House, a bill is debated in detail, usually "part by part" (a "part" is a grouping of clauses). MPs may make five-minute speeches on a particular part or provision of the bill and may propose further amendments, but theoretically should not make general speeches on
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#17330854898042244-413: Is a degree of public consultation before a parliamentary bill proceeds into law. The strengthening of the committee system was in response to concerns that legislation was being forced through, without receiving due examination and revision. Each committee has between six and twelve members—including a chairperson and deputy chairperson —with parties broadly represented in proportion to party membership in
2346-401: Is conducted by drawing numbered counters out of a biscuit tin , giving the whole member's bill process the nickname "democracy by biscuit tin". Local government and private individuals may also propose legislation to be introduced by an MP. Proxy voting is allowed, in which members may designate a party or another member to vote on their behalf. An excuse is required. The first stage of
2448-637: Is held. This major national event is open to 16- to 18-year-olds who are appointed by individual MPs to represent them in their role for a few days in Wellington. The Youth MPs spend time debating a mock bill in the House and in select committees, and asking questions of Cabinet ministers. The previous New Zealand Youth Parliament was held in July 2022. 2005 New Zealand general election Helen Clark Labour Helen Clark Labour The 2005 New Zealand general election on Saturday 17 September 2005 determined
2550-426: Is not grounds for disqualification from office. Party list candidates are always nominated by political parties. The annual salary of each MP, since July 2021, is $ 163,961; members may receive additional salaries in right of other offices they hold (for instance, the speaker, whips, and chairpersons of select committees) as recognised by Remuneration Authority determinations. The 54th New Zealand Parliament
2652-531: Is possible, a minority government can be formed with a confidence and supply arrangement. If a government is unable to maintain the confidence of the House then an early general election can be called. The House of Representatives was created by the New Zealand Constitution Act 1852 (effective 1853), an act of the British Parliament , which established a bicameral legislature; however
2754-402: Is the current sitting of the House. The most recent general election was held on 14 October 2023 , and the 54th Parliament first sat on 5 December. It consists of 123 members, representing six parliamentary parties. Of these current MPs, 54 ( 43.9%) are women—the second-highest number since women were first allowed to stand for Parliament in 1919 , after the high of 61 ( 50.8%) achieved during
2856-628: Is the sole chamber of the New Zealand Parliament . The House passes laws , provides ministers to form the Cabinet , and supervises the work of government. It is also responsible for adopting the state's budgets and approving the state's accounts. The House of Representatives is a democratic body consisting of representatives known as members of parliament (MPs). There are normally 120 MPs, though there are currently 123 due to an overhang . Elections take place usually every three years using
2958-477: The 1996 election and contained all area from South Auckland to just south of Te Kūiti . It was the growth of the Māori population leading to the creation first of Tāmaki Makaurau in 1999 and Tainui in 2002 that has pulled Ta Tai Hauāuru so far south that the only remaining part of the 1996 seat is its name. Te Tai Hauāuru was won by New Zealand First candidate Tuku Morgan in its first contest, in what would be
3060-422: The 2014 election . She was succeeded by Adrian Rurawhe of the Labour Party, who defeated Chris McKenzie of the Māori Party. The electorate became important for the Māori party again in 2020, as it was broadly considered the party's best chance at winning an electorate and returning to parliament. However, a poll released a few weeks before the election suggested that Labour's incumbent had a substantial lead over
3162-625: The AM Network . The New Zealand House of Representatives takes the British House of Commons as its model. The New Zealand Parliament is based, in practice, on the Westminster system (that is, the procedures of the British Parliament). As a democratic institution, the primary role of the House of Representatives is to provide representation for the people and to pass legislation on behalf of
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3264-517: The Alliance , lost most of its support after internal conflict and disagreement and failed to win parliamentary representation. Labour formed a coalition with the new Progressive Coalition , formed by former Alliance leader Jim Anderton . The Labour-Progressive coalition then obtained an agreement of support ("confidence and supply") from United Future , enabling it to form a stable minority government. The National Party , Labour's main opponents, suffered
3366-587: The Exclusive Brethren and attacking the Green and Labour parties) appeared not to have reduced National Party support. For lists of candidates in the 2005 election see: The Labour Party platform included: The National Party campaigned on the platform of ( National Party Press Release ): Postal voting for New Zealanders abroad began on 31 August. Ballot voting took place on Saturday 17 September, from 9 am to 7 pm. The Chief Electoral Office released
3468-752: The Manawatū-Whanganui region west of the Manawatū Gorge . Its southern terminus is in Wellington at Tawa . The main population centres are Tokoroa , New Plymouth , Whanganui , Palmerston North and Porirua . It is also home of the politically influential Rātana movement. In the 2007 boundary redistribution, the area covered by the Ngāti Maniapoto tribe was transferred from the Tainui electorate to Te Tai Hauāuru. The boundaries were not further altered in
3570-520: The first-past-the-post voting system, with the exception of the 1908 and 1911 elections, which used a two-round system . Since 1996 , a form of proportional representation called mixed-member proportional (MMP) has been used. Under the MMP system each person has two votes; one is for electorate seats (including some reserved for Māori ), and the other is for a party. Currently there are 72 electorate seats (which includes seven Māori electorates), and
3672-486: The governor-general . The majority of bills are proposed by the government of the day (that is, the party or coalition parties that command a majority in the House) to implement its policies. These policies may relate to the raising of revenue through taxation bills or the expenditure of money through appropriation bills (including those bills giving effect to the budget ). It is rare for government bills to be defeated—indeed
3774-403: The minister of finance ) has the power (given by the House's Standing Orders) to veto any proposed legislation that would have a major impact on the Government's budget and expenditure plans. This veto can be invoked at any stage of the process, but if applied to a bill as a whole will most likely be employed at the second-reading stage. Since the financial veto certificate was introduced in 1996,
3876-467: The 2013/14 redistribution. The seat includes the Ngāti Tama , Ngāti Mutunga , Ngāti Maru (Taranaki) , Te Āti Awa , Taranaki , Ngā Ruahine , Ngāti Ruanui , Ngā Rauru , Te Āti Haunui-a-Pāpārangi , Ngāti Apa , Ngāti Hauiti , Ngāti Raukawa ki te Tonga , Ngāti Kauwhata , Rangitāne , Muaūpoko , Ngāti Toa , Ngāti Maniapoto and Ngāti Huia tribal areas ( rohe ). Te Tai Hauāuru was first used at
3978-684: The Electoral Amendment Act 1975: (PM/(PS/25))+(PN/(PS/25)) where: PM = Māori population; PN = European population of the North Island; PS = European population of the South Island. Voting is not compulsory , but voter turnout is high compared to other democratic countries. Universal suffrage exists for those 18 or older; New Zealand citizens and others who are permanently residing in New Zealand are usually eligible to vote. New Zealand
4080-449: The Government has exercised it only once in respect of an entire bill, in 2016, although many amendments have been vetoed at the committee of the whole House stage. If a bill receives its second reading, it goes on to be considered by a committee of the whole House . When a bill reaches the committee of the whole House stage, the House resolves itself "into committee", that is, it forms a committee consisting of all MPs (as distinct from
4182-563: The House of Representatives loses confidence in the Cabinet, and therefore in the government, then it can dissolve the government if a vote of no-confidence is passed. The House of Representatives normally consists of 120 members, who bear the title " Member of Parliament " (MP). They were previously known as "Members of the House of Representatives" (MHRs) until the passing of the Parliamentary and Executive Titles Act 1907 when New Zealand became
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4284-451: The House since 1993 . The House started with 37 members in 1854, with numbers progressively increasing to 95 by 1882, before being reduced to 74 in 1891. Numbers slowly increased again to 99 by 1993. In 1996 numbers increased to at least 120 with the introduction of MMP elections (i.e. 120 plus any overhang seats ; there has been at least one overhang seat in five of the 10 MMP elections held since 1996). The year in which each change in
4386-512: The House sits in a raised chair at the open end of the horseshoe, giving him a clear view of proceedings. In front of the chair is a table, on which rests a mace . MPs cannot lawfully meet without the mace, a formal symbol of the authority of the House, being present in the chamber. (The current mace has been used since 7 October 1909, and is a replica of the one in the British House of Commons. ) Various officers—clerks and other officials—sit at
4488-530: The House. MPs may be members of more than one committee. Membership of committees is determined by the Business Specialist Committee, which is chaired by the speaker. Occasionally a special committee will be created on a temporary basis; an example was the Select Committee established to study the foreshore and seabed bill . Once in every term of Parliament a New Zealand Youth Parliament
4590-434: The House. When presiding, the speaker is obliged to remain impartial. Additionally, since 1992, the House elects a deputy speaker from amongst its members; the deputy may preside when the speaker is absent. Up to two assistants are also appointed from amongst the members of the House. Several political party -based roles are filled by elected MPs. The prime minister is the leader of the largest government party and leads
4692-480: The House. The whips make sure that members of their caucus are in the House during crucial votes. Officers of the House who are not MPs include the clerk of the House , the deputy clerk, the chief parliamentary counsel (a lawyer who helps to draft bills), and several other junior clerks. These are non-partisan roles. The most senior of these officers is the clerk of the House, who is responsible for several key administrative tasks, such as "advising members on
4794-528: The Labour Party to win 65 of the 120 seats. The House of Representatives elects one of its members as a presiding officer, known as the speaker of the House , at the beginning of each new parliamentary term, and also whenever a vacancy arises. It is the speaker's role to apply the rules of the House (called the Standing Orders ), and oversee procedures and the day-to-day operation of the chamber. The speaker responds to points of order from other members of
4896-554: The Labour-dominated government for giving "special treatment" to the Māori population, particularly over the foreshore and seabed controversy . This resulted in a surge of support for the National Party, although most polls indicated that this subsequently subsided. National also announced it would not stand candidates in the Māori electorates , with some smaller parties following suit. The foreshore-and-seabed controversy also resulted in
4998-414: The MMP system when the Government is less likely to have an absolute majority, any amendments will usually need to be negotiated with other parties to obtain majority support. The Opposition may also put forward wrecking amendments . These amendments are often just symbolic of their contrasting policy position, or simply intended to delay the passage of the bill through the sheer quantity of amendments for
5100-602: The MP for Te Tai Hauāuru, Tariana Turia. Turia resigned her seat to re-contest the seat in a 2004 by-election as the leader of the new Māori Party . She won 92.7 percent of the vote in a contest that Labour refused to participate in. In 2005 , Turia was re-elected with nearly double the votes of her Labour rival, Errol Mason. In common with most of the Māori seats, Labour took a majority of the party vote. The results in 2008 were similar. Turia confirmed in November 2013 that she would retire at
5202-476: The Māori Party candidate, Debbie Ngarewa-Packer . Key NZ First Mauri Pacific Labour Te Pāti Māori Members of Parliament elected from party lists in elections where that person also unsuccessfully contested the Te Tai Hauāuru electorate. Unless otherwise stated, all MPs terms began and ended at general elections. Blue background denotes
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#17330854898045304-541: The National Party had moved ahead of Labour for the first time since June 2004. Commentators speculated that a prominent billboard campaign may have contributed to this. Some said the National Party had peaked too early. The polls released throughout July showed once more an upward trend for Labour, with Labour polling about 6% above National. The release by the National Party of a series of tax-reform proposals in August 2005 appeared to correlate with an increase in its ratings in
5406-405: The attorney-general will present a report to the House, known as a Section 7 report, highlighting the inconsistencies. The select committee will scrutinise the bill, going over it in more detail than can be achieved by the whole membership of the House. The public can also make submissions to select committees, offering support, criticism, or merely comments. Written submissions from the public to
5508-412: The bill will generally make a recommendation that the bill be considered by an appropriate select committee ( see § Committees ). Sometimes, it will be recommended that a special committee be formed, usually when the bill is particularly important or controversial. The House then votes as to whether the bill should be sent to the committee for deliberation. It is not uncommon for a bill to be voted to
5610-546: The bill's overall goals or principles (that should have occurred at the second reading). Sometimes a member may advertise the proposed amendments beforehand by having them printed on an Amendment Paper (known as Supplementary Order Papers prior to the 54th Parliament); this is common for amendments proposed by government ministers. Some Amendment Papers are very extensive, and, if agreed to, can result in major amendments to bills. On rare occasions, Amendment Papers are referred to select committees for comment. The extent to which
5712-433: The by-election. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list prior to the by-election. Yellow background denotes the winner of the by-election, who was a list MP prior to the by-election. A [REDACTED] Y or [REDACTED] N denotes status of any incumbent , win or lose respectively. Includes 37 informal votes but does not include any disallowed special votes. Blue background denotes
5814-410: The chamber of the House at the beginning and end of each sitting day. The House of Representatives usually sits Tuesday to Thursday when in session. The House meets in the debating chamber located inside Parliament House, Wellington . The layout is similar to the design of the chamber of the British House of Commons . The seats and desks are arranged in rows in a horseshoe pattern. The speaker of
5916-521: The clerk, either on paper or electronically, and answers are recorded in Parliamentary Debates (Hansard) . Most parliamentary business is about making new laws and amending old laws. The House examines and amends bills —the title given to a proposed piece of legislation while under consideration by the House—in several formal stages. The term for these stages is " reading ", which originates from
6018-420: The committee are normally due two months after the bill's first reading. Submitters can opt to also give an oral submission, which are heard by the committee in Wellington, and numbers permitting, Auckland and Christchurch. The select committee stage is seen as increasingly important today—in the past, the governing party generally dominated select committees, making the process something of a rubber stamp , but in
6120-462: The committee of the whole House to vote on. The final reading takes the same format as the first and second readings—a two-hour debate with MPs making ten-minute speeches. The speeches once again refer to the bill in general terms, and represent the final chance for debate. A final vote is taken. If a bill passes its third reading, it is passed on to the governor-general, who will (assuming constitutional conventions are followed) give it Royal Assent as
6222-492: The consideration and recommendations of the select committee and issues raised in public submissions. Parties will usually have made their final decision on a bill after the select committee stage, and will make their views clear during the second reading debates. At the conclusion of debate, the House votes on whether to accept any amendments recommended by the select committee by majority (unanimous amendments are not subjected to this extra hurdle). The Government (usually through
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#17330854898046324-460: The discretion of the prime minister, especially if a minority government is unable to retain the confidence of the House. Members who change their party allegiance during a term—known as " waka-jumping "—may be expelled from the House. Members may also be expelled in cases of criminal activity or other serious misconduct. Some expulsions have been challenged through the courts. Casual vacancies in electorates are filled through by-elections ; if
6426-400: The election received no cabinet post (see below), but gained several concessions from the coalition on matters such as energy and transport, and agreed to support the government on matters of confidence and supply . The total votes cast in 2005 was 2,304,005 (2,164,595 & 139,510 Māori). Turnout was 80.92% of those on the rolls, or 77.05% of voting age population. Turnout was higher than in
6528-645: The establishment of the Māori Party in July 2004. The Māori Party hoped to break Labour's traditional (and then current) dominance in the Māori electorates, just as New Zealand First had done in the 1996 election . A large number of so-called "minor" parties also contested the election. These included Destiny New Zealand (the political branch of the Destiny Church ) and the Direct Democracy Party . A series of opinion polls published in June 2005 indicated that
6630-457: The exception of the newly formed Māori Party , which took four Māori electorates from Labour, most of the other parties polled lower than in the previous election, losing votes and seats. Brash deferred conceding defeat until 1 October, when National's election-night 49 seats fell to 48 after special votes were counted. The official count increased the Māori Party share of the party vote above 2%, entitling them to three rather than two seats from
6732-624: The first to be defeated in the twentieth century was in 1998, when the Local Government Amendment Bill (No 5) was defeated on its second reading. Individual MPs who are not ministers may propose their own bills, called members' bills —these are usually put forward by opposition parties, or by MPs who wish to deal with a matter that parties do not take positions on. At any time, there are eight members bills awaiting their first reading, and when space becomes available, new member's bills are selected by ballot to be introduced. The ballet
6834-584: The government's contribution to major debates in the House. The leader of the Official Opposition is the MP who leads the largest opposition party. The leader of the House is an MP appointed by the prime minister to arrange government business and the legislative programme of Parliament. Whips (called musterers by the Green Party ) are organisers and administrators of the MPs in each of the political parties in
6936-460: The highest party vote percentage for the party since 1990; indeed, National saw its first vote share gain since 1990. Despite its resurgence, National failed to displace Labour as the largest party in Parliament. National's gains apparently came mainly at the expense of smaller parties, while Labour won only two seats less than in 2002. On 17 October, Clark announced a new coalition agreement that saw
7038-514: The leader of the Opposition. Members from parties that are not openly aligned with either the Government or the Official Opposition are sometimes referred to as " crossbenchers ". Members have the option of addressing the House in English, Te Reo Māori , or New Zealand Sign Language (with an interpreter provided). Speeches are addressed to the presiding officer, using the words 'Mister Speaker', if
7140-498: The membership of the 48th New Zealand Parliament . One hundred and twenty-one MPs were elected to the New Zealand House of Representatives : 69 from single-member electorates , including one overhang seat , and 52 from party lists (one extra due to the overhang). No party won a majority, but the Labour Party of Prime Minister Helen Clark secured two more seats than nearest rival, the National Party of Dr Don Brash . With
7242-412: The multi-party environment there is significant scope for real debate. Select committees frequently recommend changes to bills, with prompts for change coming from the MPs sitting in the committee, officials who advise the committee, and members of the public. When a majority of the committee is satisfied with the bill, the committee will report back to the House on it. Unless Parliament grants an extension,
7344-415: The number of members took effect is shown in the following table. The total number of seats from 1969 to 1975 was calculated by the formula stated in the Electoral Amendment Act 1965: 4M+(PN/(PS/25)) where: 4M = 4 Māori seats; PN = European population of the North Island; PS = European population of the South Island. The total number of seats from 1976 to 1995 was calculated by the formula stated in
7446-432: The party and how they voted must be tabled after the vote. In the personal vote method, MPs enter one of two lobbies (the "Aye" lobby or the "No" lobby) on either side of the chamber. At each lobby are two tellers (themselves MPs) who count the votes of the MPs. Once the division concludes, the tellers provide the results to the speaker, who then announces the result. In case of a tie, the motion lapses. Every sitting day
7548-410: The party vote method, the clerk of the House reads out each party's name in turn. A member of the party (usually a whip) will respond to their party's name by stating how many members of the party are in favour and how many members are opposed. The clerk tallies up the votes and gives the results to the speaker, who announces the result. If the members of a party are not unanimous, a list of the members of
7650-1040: The party vote. Turia and Sharples probably remembered the severe mauling New Zealand First suffered in the 1999 election . (Many of its supporters in 1996 believed they had voted to get rid of National, only to have Peters go into coalition with National; New Zealand First has never really recovered.) Even without this to consider, National had indicated it would abolish the Maori seats if it won power. The new government as eventually formed consisted of Labour and Progressive in coalition, while New Zealand First and United Future entered agreements of support on confidence and supply motions. In an unprecedented move, Peters and Dunne became Foreign Affairs Minister and Revenue Minister, respectively, but remained outside cabinet and had no obligatory cabinet collective responsibility on votes outside their respective portfolios. Possible government setups The governing Labour Party retained office at 2002 election . However, its junior coalition partner,
7752-437: The party vote. With four electorate seats, the election night overhang of two seats was reduced to one, and as National had the 120th seat allocated under the party vote, National lost one list seat (that of Katrina Shanks ) that they appeared to have won on election night. The election was a strong recovery for National which won 21 more seats than at the 2002 election , where it suffered its worst result in its history, and
7854-503: The people ( see § Passage of legislation ). The House of Representatives also plays an important role in responsible government . The New Zealand Government (that is, the executive ), directed by the Cabinet, draws its membership exclusively from the House. A government is formed when a party or coalition can show that it has the "confidence" of the House, meaning the support of a majority of members of parliament. This can involve making agreements among several parties. Some may join
7956-407: The polls. Direct comparisons between the following polls have no statistical validity: No single political event can explain the significant differences between most of these polls over the period between them. They show either volatility in the electorate and/or flaws in the methods of polling. In the later polls, the issue of National's knowledge of a series of pamphlets (distributed by members of
8058-518: The practice in the British Parliament where bills were literally read aloud in the chamber. In New Zealand only a bill's title is read aloud. Once a bill has passed through all its parliamentary stages it is enacted and becomes an act of Parliament , forming part of New Zealand's law . Bills become acts after being approved three times by House votes and then receiving the Royal Assent from
8160-566: The previous 2002 election (72.5% and 76.98% respectively), and the Māori roll turnout at 67.07% was significantly higher than 2002 (57.5%). In the election 739 candidates stood, and there were 19 registered parties with party lists. Of the candidates, 525 were electorate and list, 72 were electorate only and 142 were list only. All but 37 represented registered parties (on the list or in the electorate or both). Only 35 candidates from registered parties chose to stand as an electorate candidate only. 71% of candidates (523) were male and 29% (216) female;
8262-479: The previous Labour-Progressive minority government in confidence and supply, said it would talk first to the party with the most seats about support or coalition. Both New Zealand First and United Future said they would not support a Labour-led coalition which included Greens in Cabinet posts. However, United Future indicated it could support a government where the Greens gave supply-and-confidence votes. Brash had only one possible scenario to become Prime Minister:
8364-419: The prime minister and is surrounded by Opposition spokespersons. A member who is not a minister or spokesperson is referred to as a " backbencher ". A backbencher may still be subject to party discipline (called " whipping "). Whips ensure that members of their party attend and vote as the party leadership desires. Government whips are seated behind the prime minister; Opposition whips are normally seated behind
8466-406: The prime minister and other party leaders are entitled to make longer speeches. Debate may be further restricted by the passage of "time allocation" motions. Alternatively, the House may end debate more quickly by passing a motion for "closure". A vote is held to resolve a question when it is put to the House of Representatives. The House first votes by voice vote; the speaker or deputy speaker puts
8568-494: The process is the first reading. The member introducing the bill (often a minister) will give a detailed speech on the bill as a whole. Debate on the bill last about two hours for government bills and one hour for other members' bills, with 12 MPs making ten-minute speeches on the bill's general principles. Speaking slots are allocated based on the size of each party, with different parties using different methods to distribute their slots among their members. The member introducing
8670-401: The question, and MPs respond either "Aye" (in favour of the motion) or "No" (against the motion). The presiding officer then announces the result of the voice vote, but if his assessment is challenged by any member, a recorded vote known as a division follows. There are two methods of handling a division: party vote is used for most votes, but personal vote is used for conscience issues. In
8772-405: The remaining 48 seats are apportioned (from party lists ) so that representation in parliament reflects the party vote, although a party has to win one electorate or 5 percent of the total party vote before it is eligible for these seats. After the introduction of proportional representation, no single party won an outright majority until the 2020 election when Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern led
8874-560: The return of her minority government coalition with the Progressive Party , with confidence and supply support from New Zealand First and from United Future . New Zealand First parliamentary leader Winston Peters and United Future parliamentary leader Peter Dunne became ministers of the Crown outside Cabinet , Peters as Minister of Foreign Affairs and Dunne as Minister of Revenue. The Green Party which had supported Labour before
8976-412: The rules, practices and customs of the House". Another important officer is the serjeant-at-arms , whose duties include the maintenance of order and security in the precincts of the House. The serjeant-at-arms sits in the debating chamber opposite the speaker at the visitors door for each House sitting session. The serjeant-at-arms is also the custodian of the mace , and bears the mace into and out of
9078-524: The same percentages as in 2002. Labour had achieved a third term in office for the first time since 1943. Eight MPs intended to retire at the end of the 47th Parliament. The election saw an 81% voter turnout. The results of the election give a Gallagher index of disproportionality of 1.11. The table below shows the results of the 2005 general election: Key: MPs returned via party lists, and unsuccessful candidates, were as follows: Rod Donald died before being sworn in as MP. Brian Donnelly
9180-461: The select committee stage even by parties which do not support it—since select committees can recommend amendments to bills, parties will often not make a final decision on whether to back a bill until the second reading. Prior to the first reading, the attorney-general will check the bill is consistent with the New Zealand Bill of Rights Act 1990 . If the bill or part of it is not consistent,
9282-420: The speaker. No member may speak more than once on the same question (except that the mover of a motion is entitled to make one speech at the beginning of the debate and another at the end). The Standing Orders of the House of Representatives prescribe time limits for speeches. The limits depend on the nature of the motion, but are most commonly between ten and twenty minutes. However, under certain circumstances,
9384-526: The table, ready to advise the speaker on procedure when necessary. Members of the Government occupy the seats on the speaker's right, while members of the Official Opposition sit on the speaker's left. Members are assigned seating on the basis of the seniority in a party caucus; ministers sit around the prime minister, who is traditionally assigned the fourth seat along the front row on the speaker's right. The Opposition leader sits directly across from
9486-403: The term of the 53rd parliament . Based on British tradition, the longest continuously serving member in the House holds the unofficial title " father [or mother] of the House ". The current Father of the House is Gerry Brownlee , the current speaker, who has served continuously since 1996 . He inherited the title following the departure of former speaker Trevor Mallard , who had served in
9588-408: The time limit for select committee deliberations is six months or whatever deadline was set by the House when the bill was referred. The second reading, like the first, generally consists of a two-hour debate in which MPs make ten-minute speeches. Again, speaking slots are allocated to parties based on their size. In theory, speeches should relate to the principles and objects of the bill, and also to
9690-601: The upper chamber, the Legislative Council , was abolished in 1950. Parliament received full control over all New Zealand affairs in 1947 with the passage of the Statute of Westminster Adoption Act . The debating chamber of the House of Representatives is located inside Parliament House in Wellington , the capital city. Sittings of the House are usually open to the public, but the House may at any time vote to sit in private. Proceedings are broadcast through Parliament TV and
9792-480: The winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A [REDACTED] Y or [REDACTED] N denotes status of any incumbent , win or lose respectively. Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by
9894-480: The winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A [REDACTED] Y or [REDACTED] N denotes status of any incumbent , win or lose respectively. Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by
9996-480: The winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A [REDACTED] Y or [REDACTED] N denotes status of any incumbent , win or lose respectively. Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by
10098-412: The winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A [REDACTED] Y or [REDACTED] N denotes status of any incumbent , win or lose respectively. The following table shows the final results of the by-election: Notes: Blue background denotes the winner of
10200-638: Was appointed as New Zealand's High Commissioner to the Cook Islands . Brian Connell retired from Parliament effective 31 August 2008, leaving his seat of Rakaia vacant. Taito Phillip Field , Labour MP for Māngere , quit the Labour party after being threatened with expulsion on 16 February 2007. He continued to serve as an MP, and formed the New Zealand Pacific Party in January 2008. Gordon Copeland ,
10302-559: Was succeeded in 2014 by Labour's Adrian Rurawhe who retained the seat in 2017 and again in 2020 . Te Tai Hauāuru was created ahead of the first MMP election in 1996 . Te Tai Hauāuru covers the western North Island, starting in the South Waikato before heading south through the King Country towns of Te Kūiti and Taumarunui to include all of the Taranaki region and all towns in
10404-475: Was the first self-governing nation to enfranchise women , starting from the 1893 election . There are a few disqualifications; for example, mentally-impaired persons detained in hospital and prisoners sentenced to a term of over three years are ineligible to vote. Parliamentary elections are conducted by secret ballot —for European New Zealanders since 1871 and Māori seats since 1938 . Almost all general elections between 1853 and 1993 were held under
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