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106-584: Tarun Bharat Sangh was founded in 1975 in Jaipur by a group of students and professors from the University of Rajasthan . In 1985 the direction of the organization changed when four young members of the organization went to live in the rural area of Alwar to teach rural children and do rural development. Of those four, Rajendra Singh stayed when the other three left. He asked the local people what they needed most, and he found that they needed easier access to water. With

212-510: A Precambrian event called the Aravalli - Delhi Orogen . The Aravalli Range is a northeast–southwest trending orogenic belt located in the northwestern part of Indian Peninsula. It is part of the Indian Shield that formed from a series of cratonic collisions. In ancient times, Aravalli were extremely high but since have worn down almost completely from millions of years of weathering , whereas

318-498: A rigid indentor which controlled the overall wedge shaped geometry of the orogen. Lithology of area shows that the base rocks of Aravalli are of Mewar Gneiss formed by high-grade regional metamorphic processes from preexisting formations that were originally sedimentary rock with earliest life form that were formed during the archean eon, these contain fossils of unicellular organism such as green algae and cyanobacteria in stromatolitic carbonate ocean reefs formed during

424-740: A seating capacity 75,000. It would be the third-largest cricket stadium in the world after the Sardar Patel Stadium and the Melbourne Cricket Ground . The city is represented in the IPL by Rajasthan Royals (2008–2016; 2018–present) and in Pro Kabaddi League by Jaipur Pink Panthers . Paul McCartney wrote and recorded the Jaipur tribute song "Riding into Jaipur" (4:08) whose minimalist lyrics say: « riding to Jaipur, riding through

530-946: A "10+2" plan. This plan entails eight years of primary education and four years of secondary education. The secondary school includes two years of upper secondary education, which is more specific and diverse than the two years of lower secondary education before it. Languages of instruction include English and Hindi . Notable institutions in the city are: University of Rajasthan , Rajasthan University of Health Sciences , ARCH Academy of Design , Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar Law University , Rajasthan Sanskrit University , Haridev Joshi University of Journalism and Mass Communication , Suresh Gyan Vihar University , Malaviya National Institute of Technology , LNM Institute of Information Technology , National Institute of Ayurveda , Sawai Man Singh Medical College , Subodh College and Vedic Kanya College . Admission to Engineering colleges in Jaipur, many of which are affiliated to Rajasthan Technical University (Kota),

636-502: A buffer against pollution, 51% of which is caused by the industrial pollution, 27% by vehicles, 8% by crop burning and 5% by diwali fireworks . It was proposed several times form the 1990s, but as of 2024 the project is still in the planning stage. The Sariska–Delhi leopard wildlife corridor or the Northern Aravalli leopard wildlife corridor is a 200 km long important biodiversity and wildlife corridor which runs from

742-479: A cloud burst, resulting in the death of eight people and much damage to the city's Dravyavati River . On 6 July 2019, the city was named to the World Heritage Cities list. Jaipur is located in the northeastern part of Rajasthan and covers a total area of 467 square kilometres (180 sq mi). The city is surrounded by fertile alluvial plains to the east and south and hill chains and desert areas to

848-566: A convergent plate boundary) of the oceanic crust along the Rakhabdev lineament, flattening and eventual wrenching (also called strike-slip plate fault, sideways horizontal movement of colliding plates with no vertical motion) parallel to the collision zone. Associated mafic igneous rocks show both continental and oceanic tholeiitic geochemistry (magnesium and iron-rich igneous rocks) from phanerozoic eon (541–0 million) with rift-related magmatic rock formations. The Aravalli-Delhi Orogen

954-524: A craton where basement rock crops out at the surface and it is the relatively oldest and most stable part that are undeformed by the plate tectonics . The Aravalli Craton (Marwar-Mewar Craton or Western Indian Craton) covers Rajasthan as well as western and southern Haryana . It includes the Mewar Craton in the east and Marwar Craton in the west. It is limited by the Great Boundary Fault in

1060-582: A law. This amendment will reduce the Haryana's Natural Conservation Zones (NCZs) by 47% or 60,000 acres from 122,113.30 hectares to only 64,384.66 hectares. This is in violation of multiple guidelines of the Supreme Court of India as well as " NCR Planning Board " (NCRPB) notification which states the original 122,113.30 hectares ecologically sensitive forest of South Haryana is a forest, "The major natural features, identified as environmentally sensitive areas, are

1166-409: A number of rainwater harvesting structures (RWHS) were constructed and water started flowing in the rivers of Sariska. Subsequently, a number of ponds were constructed in the forest throughout the year. Due to the abundance of water resources, it became very difficult for poachers to guess where the tiger will drink water and put the trap together. Their efforts gained mass support from the villagers in

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1272-587: A part of the west Golden triangle tourist circuit along with Delhi and Agra . The city serves as a gateway to other tourist destinations in Rajasthan like Jodhpur , Jaisalmer , Bikaner , Udaipur , Kota , Mount Abu and has two World heritage sites of Amer Fort and Jantar Mantar . On 6 July 2019, the city was named to the World Heritage Cities list. It is also known as Paris of India. Due to its beauty C.V. Raman called it "Island of Glory". Jaipur derives its name from Sawai Jai Singh II (1693-1744),

1378-531: A petition to the SC on 11 October 1991 to go into calling a halt to mining activities as also delimiting the sariska area. So much desperate and vexed interest of the mine-owners even fatally assaulted the General Secretary of TBS in the presence of the chairperson of the commission, and state and district administrative and police officials. At several places, TBS activists were assaulted to demoralise them. By this time

1484-405: A population of 3,073,350. The overall literacy rate for the city is 84.34%. The sex ratio was 898 females per 1,000 males and the child sex ratio was 854. The official language of Jaipur is Hindi and the additional official language is English. The native and main dialect of the city is Dhundari with Marwari and Standard Hindi dialects are also spoken, along with English. According to

1590-579: A quick succession of events the SC ordered the Gov. of Rajasthan to stop all mining activity immediately. In May 1993, the SC ordered the state government to provide protection cover to TBS. Beginning 2 October 1993 Aravalli Bachao Yatra was launched all through the Aravalli range (from Himmatnagar in Gujarat to Delhi, via Rajasthan and Haryana). On 6 May 1994 the SC granted pardon to the assaulters, when they paid for it. With

1696-459: A regional channel in addition to the private broadcasters. The main cricket stadium in the city, Sawai Mansingh Stadium , has a seating capacity of 30,000 and has hosted national and international cricket matches. It is also the home ground of IPL team Rajasthan Royals . Sawai Mansingh Indoor Stadium , Chaugan Stadium and Railway Cricket Ground are the other sporting arenas in the city. A new stadium has been proposed for Chonp Village with

1802-463: A result of the flowing water women did not have to go to far off places to collect water and firewood which saved their energy and time, and improve the quality of their life. In 2011 as a result, the state of Rajasthan’s literacy rate was 71% from 61% in 2001. And female literacy rates increased from 43% in 2001 to 70% in 2011. Finally, women’s role in agriculture increased as more land was brought into cultivation. Damage to land and Forest and threat to

1908-524: A rigid Archaean continent banded gneissic complex around 2.2 Ga with the coexisting formation of the Bhilwara aulacogen in its eastern part and eventual rupturing and separation of the continent along a line parallel to the Rakhabdev (Rishabhdev) lineament to the west, simultaneous development of a passive continental margin with the undersea shelf rise sediments of the Aravalli-Jharol belts depositing on

2014-595: A small amount of monthly user charges. The size of the JMC garbage can be kept at a manageable level. Sanitation work in three zones have been contracted out to private agencies. As per the official records released by the Directorate of Economics and Statistics (Rajasthan), the GDP (nominal) of Jaipur district is estimated at INR 1,22,140 crores ($ 15.8 billion) in 2020–21, with a per-capita GDP of INR 141,305. In addition to its role as

2120-532: A warning of dire consequences of such act was committed again. On 6 May 1994, the Govt. of Rajasthan designated 8 April 1993 verdict of the SC as tentative which resulted in reopening of Sariska delimitation Issue. TBS did not stop working towards creation of water harvesting structures and soil management based on the traditional wisdom of the people in the Sariska Region. TBS can legitimately congratulate itself that it

2226-607: Is Rajasthan's biggest convention and exhibition center. Visitor attractions include the Albert Hall Museum , Hawa Mahal , Jal Mahal , City Palace , Amer Fort , Jantar Mantar , Nahargarh Fort , Jaigarh Fort , Birla Mandir , Galtaji , Govind Dev Ji Temple , Garh Ganesh Temple , Moti Dungri Ganesh Temple, Sanghiji Jain temple and the Jaipur Zoo . The Jantar Mantar observatory, a collection of 19 astronomical instruments and Amer Fort are World Heritage Sites . Hawa Mahal

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2332-440: Is a district and sessions court at Jaipur to handle civil and criminal cases. Jaipur consists of two parliamentary constituencies Jaipur and Jaipur Rural . The Jaipur Lok Sabha constituency comprises eight legislative assembly segments, all of which fall partly in Jaipur city. Jaipur Development Authority is the nodal government agency responsible for the planning and development of Jaipur. The municipal corporation

2438-498: Is a five-storey pyramidal shaped monument with 953 windows that rises 15 metres (50 ft) from its high base. Sisodiya Rani Bagh and Kanak Vrindavan are the major parks in Jaipur. Jaipur has many cultural sites like Jawahar Kala Kendra established by Charles Correa and Ravindra Manch. Government Central Museum hosts several arts and antiquities. There is a government museum at Hawa Mahal and an art gallery at Viratnagar . There are statues depicting Rajasthani culture around

2544-523: Is a mountain range in Northern - Western India , running approximately 670 km (420 mi) in a south-west direction, starting near Delhi , passing through southern Haryana , Rajasthan , and ending in Ahmedabad Gujarat . The highest peak is Guru Shikhar on Mount Abu at 1,722 m (5,650 ft). The Aravalli Range is one of the oldest geological features on Earth , having its origin in

2650-407: Is a project of Jaipur Development Authority to reduce increasing traffic of Jaipur city which connects NH-21 (Agra Road), NH-48 (Ajmer Road), NH-52 (Tonk Road), and NH-52 (Malpura Road) having a length of 150 km. The 57 km out of 150 km long six-lane Jaipur Ring Road has been completed at a cost of Rs. 1217 crore. Bhawani Singh Road, which begins from Nehru Sahkar Bhawan and ends at

2756-727: Is along the Ferozpure Jhirka-Nuh Aravali range as well as Delhi South Ridge (Faridabad-Gurugram) to Farrukhnagar area on the Delhi–Haryana border, with reports of sightings in Saidpur, Lokri and Jhund Sarai Viran villages near the KMP expressway; Bhukarka 7 km from Pataudi; Pathkori, Bhond, Mandawar in Ferozepur Jirka region. In May 1992, some parts of the Aravalli hills in Rajasthan and Haryana were protected from mining through

2862-525: Is also famous for the Jaipur Literature Festival , the world's largest free literature festival in which authors, writers and literature lovers from all over the country participate. The city was planned according to the Indian Vastu shastra by Vidyadhar Bhattacharya in 1727. There are three gates facing east, west, and north. The eastern gate is called Suraj pol (sun gate), the western gate

2968-505: Is among top emerging IT hubs of India. Mahindra World City is an integrated business zone in Jaipur with several software and IT companies. The Government of Rajasthan have built Asia's largest incubator in Jaipur – the Bhamashah Techno Hub. Jaipur is a major hub for arts and crafts. It has many traditional shops selling antiques, jewellery, handicrafts, gems, bangles, pottery, carpets, textiles, leather and metal products. Jaipur

3074-470: Is an orogen event that led to a large structural deformation of the Earth's lithosphere (crust and uppermost mantle, such as Aravalli and Himalayas fold mountains) due to the interaction between tectonic plates when a continental plate is crumpled and is pushed upwards to form mountain ranges, and involve a great range of geological processes collectively called orogenesis . The archean basement had served as

3180-453: Is an effort to sensitise people across India on the adverse effect of National water policy of government of India on linking of 37 rivers on all over the India. IN 14 months, the campaign touched 320 districts in 30 states of India and metro concerned persons in 90 cities and four metropolises. Jaipur Jaipur ( / ˈ dʒ aɪ p ʊər / ; Hindi: [ˈdʒeəpʊr] )

3286-545: Is broadcast both on the medium wave and FM band in the city. Private FM stations include Radio Mirchi (98.3 MHz), Radio City (91.1 MHz), My FM (94.3 MHz), FM Tadka 95 FM (95.0 MHz), Mirchi Love (104.0 MHz), Red FM 93.5 (93.5 MHz) and Gyan Vani (105.6 MHz). The city has a community FM channel in FM Radio 7 (90.4 MHz) by India International School Institutional Network. The public broadcaster Doordarshan ( Prasar Bharati ) provides

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3392-503: Is called Chand pol (moon gate) and the northern gate faces the ancestral capital of Amer . The architecture of the city was heavily influenced by the 17th century architectural renaissance during Mughal rule in Northern India. The city was divided into nine blocks, two of which contained the state buildings and palaces, with the remaining seven allotted to the public. Huge ramparts were built, pierced by seven fortified gates. The city

3498-477: Is headed by a mayor. In 2020, JMC was bifurcated into two Municipal Corporations, namely Greater Jaipur Municipal Corporation and Jaipur Heritage Municipal Corporation with 150 and 100 wards respectively. The latest elections were held in October 2020. The current mayor of Greater JMC is Somya Gurjar and the mayor for Heritage JMC is Munesh Gurjar since 10 November 2020. The administration duties are carried out by

3604-521: Is located in the southern suburb of Sanganer , which is located 13 km (8.1 mi) from Jaipur.It is the 13th busiest airport in India in daily scheduled flight operations. The airport handled 363,899 international and 2,540,451 domestic passengers in 2015–2016. Jaipur Airport also provides air cargo services. During winter, sometimes flights towards Indira Gandhi International Airport are diverted to Jaipur Airport due to heavy fog in Delhi . The airport

3710-479: Is one of India's largest manufacturers of hand-knotted rugs . Jaipur foot , a rubber-based prosthetic leg for people with below-knee amputations , was designed and is produced in Jaipur. World Trade Park Jaipur , is a shopping mall in Jaipur opened in 2012. Jaipur is a major tourist destination in India forming a part of the Golden Triangle . In the 2008 Conde Nast Traveller Readers Choice Survey, Jaipur

3816-523: Is one of the three gharanas of the major north Indian classical dance form of Kathak. The Jaipur Gharana of Kathak is known for its rapid intricate dance forms, vivacious body movements and subtle Abhinaya. The Ghoomar is a popular folk dance style. Tamasha is an art form where Kathputli puppet dance is shown in play form. Major festivals celebrated in Jaipur include Elephant Festival , Gangaur , Makar Sankranti , Holi , Diwali , Vijayadashami , Teej , Eid , Mahavir Jayanti and Christmas . Jaipur

3922-1001: Is operational between Mansarovar and Chandpole consisting of nine stations namely Mansarovar, New Aatish Market, Vivek Vihar, Shyam Nagar, Ram Nagar, Civil Line, Railway Station, Sindhi Camp and Chandpole. The Phase-1B was constructed with an estimated cost of ₹ 97.32 billion ($ 1.74 billion). It became operational on 23 September 2020. Jaipur is located on National Highway No.48 connecting Delhi and Mumbai . National Highway 52 links Jaipur with Kota and National Highway 21 links Jaipur with Agra . RSRTC operates bus service to major cities in Rajasthan and other states of New Delhi , Uttar Pradesh , Haryana , Madhya Pradesh , Maharashtra , Punjab and Gujarat . City buses are operated by Jaipur City Transport Services Limited (JCTSL) of RSRTC . The service operates more than 400 regular and low-floor buses. Major bus depots are located at Vaishali Nagar , Vidyadhar Nagar and Sanganer . Jaipur BRTS

4028-630: Is over 625 millimetres or 25 inches, falling mostly in July and August due to the southwest monsoon, causing the average temperatures in these two months to be lower compared to drier May and June. During the monsoon, there are frequent, heavy rains and thunderstorms, but flooding is not common. The highest temperature ever recorded was 49.0 °C (120.2 °F), on 23 May 1994. The city's average temperature remains below 20 °C or 68 °F between December and February. These months are mild, dry, and pleasant, sometimes chilly. The lowest temperature ever recorded

4134-588: Is playing the role of a catalyst in the awareness and confidence building campaign among the people. It sprouted up during National water literacy campaign . The school focuses on enhancing the understanding and skills of those working on the issues of the water management. It also helps in educating farmers, professionals, social workers on traditional and TBS innovated water management practices . The school also has collaborations with research universities, institutions abroad to explore issues related to water resource management. TBS has constructed 11,800 johads with

4240-455: Is responsible for maintaining the city's civic infrastructure and carrying out associated administrative duties. Electricity is distributed through Jaipur Vidyut Vitaran Nigam Limited (JVVNL) owned by the Government of Rajasthan. Jaipur municipal corporaiton has a fire department wing with 11 fire stations and 50 fire tenders. Established in 2018, Jaipur Water Supply and Sewerage Board (JWSSB)

4346-794: Is responsible for the management of water supply and sewerage services in the city. The agency is responsible for water supply as per the standards stipulated by the Bureau of Indian Standards, the State Pollution Control Board and the Public Health Engineering Department (PHED). It will also be responsible for financing, designing, constructing, altering, repairing, operating, and maintaining various water supply and sewerage schemes in addition to commercial services such as meter reading, billing, and revenue collection. The city has been divided into four main drainage zones with

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4452-489: Is the capital and the largest city of the north-western Indian state of Rajasthan . As of 2011 , the city has a population of 3.1 million, making it the tenth most populous city in the country. Located 268 km (167 miles) from the national capital New Delhi , Jaipur is also known as the Pink City due to the dominant color scheme of its buildings in old city. Jaipur was founded in 1727 by Sawai Jai Singh II ,

4558-440: Is through Rajasthan Engineering Admission Process. Some of the colleges that are affiliated to Rajasthan Technical University are Maharishi Arvind Institute of Engineering & Technology , Poornima College of Engineering , Arya Group of Colleges . Major telecommunication providers include Airtel , Jio , VI (Vodafone-Idea) and BSNL which are providing mobile telephony and there are also various internet service providers in

4664-401: Is unusual among pre-modern Indian cities in the regularity of its streets, and the division of the city into six sectors by broad streets 34 m (111  ft) wide. The urban quarters are further divided by networks of gridded streets. Five-quarters wrap around the east, south, and west sides of a central palace quarter, with a sixth quarter immediately to the east. The Palace quarter encloses

4770-674: The Aravalli Supergroup and Delhi Supergroup . These two supergroups rest over the Archean Bhilwara Gneissic Complex basement , which is a gneissic (high-grade metamorphism of sedimentary or igneous rocks) basement formed during the archean eon 4 Ga ago. It started as an inverted basin , that rifted and pulled apart into granitoid basement , initially during Aravalli passive rifting around 2.5 to 2.0 Ga years ago and then during Delhi active rifting around 1.9 to 1.6 Ga years ago. It started with rifting of

4876-573: The Aravallis . But the state government, under pressure from several quarters didn’t comply with the court orders. Not losing the pace, TBS spearheaded a Satyagraha, SARISKA BACHAO ANDOLAN in Jan 1993 on specific demand of closing down the mines. On 4 April 1993 the mine owners manhandled Dr Rajeev Dhawan, Advocate SC and the TBS activists. The offenders did not stop at that and attacked even the dispensary at TBS ashram. In

4982-614: The Geological Survey of India to declare the site as a National Geological Monument . Tectonic-stratigraphic evolution of the Aravalli Range: The stratigraphic classification of the Aravalli Range can be divided into the following parts (north to south direction): The Aravalli Range has been site of three broad stages of human history, early Stone Age saw the use of flint stones; mid-Stone Age starting from 20,000 BP saw

5088-654: The Hawa Mahal palace complex, formal gardens, and a small lake. Nahargarh Fort , which was the residence of the King Sawai Jai Singh II, crowns the hill in the northwest corner of the old city. Typical dishes include Dal Baati Churma , Missi Roti , Gatte ki Sabzi, Lahsun ki chutney, Ker Sangri, Makke ki Ghat, Bajre ki Ghat, Bajre ki Roti and Laal Maans. Jaipur is also known for its sweets which include Ghevar , Feeni, Mawa Kachori, Gajak, Meethi thuli, Chauguni ke laddu, and Moong Thal. Jaipur International Airport

5194-612: The Himalayas , young fold mountains, are still continuously rising. Aravalli have stopped growing higher due to the cessation of upward thrust caused by the tectonic plates in the Earth's crust below them. The Aravalli Range joins two of the ancient Earth's crust segments that make up the greater Indian craton , the Aravalli Craton which is the Marwar segment of Earth's crust to the northwest of

5300-537: The Kachhwaha Rajput ruler of Amer , after whom the city is named. It is one of the earliest planned cities of modern India, designed by Vidyadhar Bhattacharya . During the British colonial period , the city served as the capital of Jaipur State . After Indian independence in 1947, Jaipur was made the capital of the newly formed state of Rajasthan in 1949. Jaipur is a popular tourist destination in India , forming

5406-452: The Proterozoic era. The Aravalli Range is rich in natural resources and serves as check to the growth of the western desert. Aravalli, a composite Sanskrit word from the roots "ara" and "vali" , literally means the "line of peaks" . The Aravalli Range, an eroded stub of ancient mountains, is believed to be the oldest range of fold mountains in India. The natural history of

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5512-609: The Rann of Kutch . "The Great Green Wall of Aravalli" is a proposed 1,600 km long and 5 km wide green ecological corridor along Aravalli range from Gujarat to Delhi, it will be connected to Shivalik hill range and 1.35 billion (135 crore) new native trees will be planted over 10 years to rehabilitate the forest cover in this area. To be implemented on a concept similar to the Great Green Wall of Sahara in Africa, it will act as

5618-583: The Sariska Tiger Reserve in Rajasthan to Delhi Ridge. This corridor is an important habitat for the Indian leopards and jackals of Aravalli. In January 2019, the Wildlife Institute of India announced that they will undertake the survey of leopard and wildlife, using pugmarks and trap cameras, subsequently, leopards and jackals will be tracked via the radio collars . Urban development, especially

5724-434: The municipal commissioner and his group of officials. The estimated municipal budget for the year 2022–23 is ₹ 8,950 lakh (US$ 11 million). The key revenue sources for the corporation are taxes which include House tax , Urban Development tax and octroi compensation along with various fees and user charges. Law and order is maintained by Jaipur city police under the jurisdiction of the Rajasthan state department. There

5830-620: The paleoproterozoic era . Sedimentary exhalative deposits of base metal sulfide ores formed extensively along several, long, linear zones in the Bhilwara aulacogen or produced local concentration in the rifted Aravalli continental margin, where rich stromatolitic phosphorites also formed. Tectonic evolution of the Aravalli Mountains shows Mewar Gneiss rocks are overlain by Delhi Supergroup type of rocks that also have post-Aravalli intrusions. Metal sulfide ores were formed in two different epochs, lead and zinc sulfide ores were formed in

5936-402: The 2011 census, Hindus form the majority religious group accounting for 77.9% of the city's population, followed by Muslims (18.6%), Jains (2.4%) and others (1.1%). Jaipur Development Authority is the main planning authority of the city. Jaipur Municipal Corporation (JMC) was established in the year 1994. The area of the municipal corporation is 467 km (180 sq mi) and

6042-645: The Aravalli Range dates back to times when the Indian Plate was separated from the Eurasian Plate by an ocean. The Proterozoic Aravalli-Delhi orogenic belt in northwest India is similar to the younger Himalayan-type orogenic belts of the Mesozoic - Cenozoic era (of the Phanerozoic ) in terms of component parts and appears to have passed through a near-orderly Wilson supercontinental cycle of events . The range rose in

6148-632: The Aravalli Range, and the Bundelkand Craton segment of the Earth's crust to the southeast of the Aravalli Range. Cratons, generally found in the interiors of tectonic plates, are old and stable parts of the continental lithosphere that have remained relatively undeformed during the cycles of merging and rifting of continents. It consists of two main sequences formed in the Proterozoic eon , metasedimentary rock (sedimentary rocks metamorphosed under pressure and heat without melting) and metavolcanic rock (metamorphosed volcanic rocks) sequences of

6254-463: The Aravalli Range. The Aravalli Range has several forests with a diversity of environment. The Aravalli Range is rich in wildlife. The first-ever 2017 wildlife survey of a 200 square kilometre area crossing five districts (Gurgaon, Faridabad, Mewat, Rewari and Mahendergarh) of Haryana by the Wildlife Institute of India (WII) found 14 species, including leopards , striped hyena (7 sightings), golden jackal (9 sightings, with 92% occupancy across

6360-554: The Aravalli range dates back to at least the 5th century BCE, based on carbon dating . Recent research indicates that copper was already mined here during the Sothi - Siswal period going back to c.  4000 BCE . Ancient Kalibangan and Kunal, Haryana settlements obtained copper here. The Indian Craton includes five major cratons . Cratons are part of continental crust made up of upper layer called platforms and older bottom layer called basement rocks . shields are part of

6466-701: The Central Rajasthan region, Sharma states that the presence of some mining has had both positive and negative effects on neighboring agriculture and the ecosystem. The rain-induced erosion brings nutrients as well as potential contaminants. The Aravali Range is the source area of many rivers, resulting in development of human settlements with sustainable economy since pre-historic times. The Delhi–Mumbai Industrial Corridor Project , Western Dedicated Freight Corridor , Mumbai–Ahmedabad high-speed rail corridor , North Western Railway network, Jaipur–Kishangarh Expressway and Delhi–Jaipur Expressway , all run parallel to

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6572-678: The Ecologically Sensitive Areas clauses of Indian laws. In 2003, the central government of India prohibited mining operations in these areas. In 2004, India's Supreme Court banned mining in the notified areas of Aravalli Range. In May 2009, the Supreme Court extended the ban on mining in an area of 448 km across the Faridabad , Gurgaon and Mewat districts in Haryana , covering the Aravalli Range. A 2013 report used high-resolution Cartosat-1 and LISS-IV satellite imaging to determine

6678-410: The area and by 1996 the no. of tigers increased to 28. This reflects TBS’s philosophy to restore natural balance in the ecology. Before TBS interventions in Rajasthan women spent average of 6–18 hours daily fetching waters from rivers and procuring fuel. During TBS water conservation efforts, the organisation "promoted women’s participation in a society where women are not vocal" said Mr PV Rajagopal. As

6784-659: The area of the Aravalli Hill Range. Among them, there are similarities in material culture, and in the production of copper tools. They are located near the copper mines. "The GSCC is east of the Harappan culture, to the north-east of Ahar–Banas Complex , north/north west to the Kayatha Culture and at a later date, west of the OCP-Copper Hoard sites ( Ochre Coloured Pottery culture – Copper Hoard culture ). Located within

6890-554: The attenuated crust on the eastern flank of the separated continent, subsequent destruction of the continental margin by accretion of the Delhi island arc (a type of archipelago composed of an arc-shaped chain of volcanoes closely situated parallel to a convergent boundary between two converging tectonic plates) from the west around 1.5 Ga. This tectonic plates collision event involved early thrusting with partial obduction (overthrusting of oceanic lithosphere onto continental lithosphere at

6996-440: The avenues still remain painted in pink, giving Jaipur a distinctive appearance and the epithet Pink city . In the 19th century, the city grew rapidly and had a population of 160,000 in 1900. The wide boulevards were paved and its chief industries were the working of metals and marble , fostered by a school of art founded in 1868. In August 1981, large areas of the city including the airport were flooded due to heavy rains from

7102-722: The city. Jaipur has many traditional shops selling antiques and handicrafts, as well as contemporary brands reviving traditional techniques, such as Anokhi . The prior rulers of Jaipur patronised a number of arts and crafts. They invited skilled artisans, artists and craftsmen from India and abroad who settled in the city. Some of the crafts include bandhani , block printing , stone carving and sculpture , tarkashi , zari , gota-patti , kinari and zardozi , silver jewellery, gems , kundan , meenakari and jewellery , Lakh ki Chudiya , miniature paintings , blue pottery , ivory carving , shellac work and leather ware . Jaipur has its own performing arts. The Jaipur Gharana for Kathak

7208-482: The city. The government of Rajasthan has started free WiFi at various public places like Central Park, Jantar Mantar among others. Rajasthan's first ISP Data Ingenious Global Limited still providing large number of broadband customers and email services in entire Jaipur. Major daily newspapers in Jaipur include Amar Ujala , Rajasthan Patrika , Dainik Bhaskar , Indian Express , Dainik Navajyoti and The Times of India . The state-owned All India Radio

7314-485: The community against fish harvesting contractors and its exploitation.(2) Rashtriya Jal Biradari (28), which works towards organising local communities in villages across India to work on water. The initiative was incepted in the national water convention held in April 2001. The initiative has more than 1000 members. At the present, it focuses on "save the river campaign. (3) Rashtriya Jal Chetna (National water awareness campaign),

7420-675: The domestication of cattle for agriculture; and post Stone Age starting from 10,000 BP saw the development of the Kalibangan civilisation, 4,000 BP the Aahar civilisation and 2,800 BP the Gneshwar civilisation. The Tosham hills have several Indus Valley Civilisation sites in and around the hill range as the area falls under copper-bearing zone of Southwest Haryana and Northeast Rajasthan of Aravalli hill range. Investigation of IVC network of mineral ore needs for metallurgical work and trade, shows that

7526-616: The east, the Thar Desert in the west, Indo-gangetic alluvium in the north, and the Son River - Narmada River - Tapti River basins in the south. It mainly has quartzite , marble , pelite , greywacke and extinct volcanos exposed in the Aravalli-Delhi Orogen . Malani Igneous Suite is the largest in India and third largest igneous suit in the world. The uniqueness of the geological feature of Malani Igneous Suite at Jodhpur prompted

7632-593: The existence and condition of mines in the Aravalli Range. In the Guru Gram district, the Aravalli hills occupy an area of 11,256 hectares, of which 491 (4.36%) hectares had mines, of which 16 hectares (0.14%) were abandoned flooded mines. In the Faridabad and Mewat districts, about 3610 hectares were part of mining industry, out of a total of 49,300 hectares. These mines were primarily granite and marble quarries for India's residential and real estate construction applications. In

7738-510: The existing Jaipur railway station building was laid on 4 May 1956 by Maharaja Sawai Man Singh II of Jaipur and construction took three years to complete. The station harnesses solar energy technology to power its operations. Jaipur is the headquarters of Jaipur Railway division and North Western Railway Zone of Indian Railways. Jaipur Junction is the busiest station in Rajasthan with more than 45,000 passengers daily. Jaipur Metro commenced commercial operation on 3 June 2015. Construction on

7844-527: The extension of Aravalli ridge in Rajasthan, Haryana and NCT-Delhi; forest areas; rivers and tributaries... major lakes and water bodies such as Badkhal lake , Suraj Kund and Damdama in Haryana sub-region" . This area as part of Northern Aravalli leopard and wildlife corridor is an important habitat for the leopards in Haryana . This corridor runs from Sariska and Ranthmbor to Rann of Kutch National Park and Gir National Park in Gujarat. The following national parks, wildlife reserves, and forests lie in

7950-540: The forest land can be exploited and opened up for the intrusive human development. This habitat is under serious threat from the wrong actions of the Government of Haryana which in 2019 passed the amendment to the Punjab Land Alienation Act, 1900 (PLPA). Governor has given his assent for the act, but it has not yet been notified by the Haryana government, hence it is in limbo and has not officially become

8056-809: The grounds of the Government School in Khanak, during 2014 and 2016. They found early to mature Harappan phase IVC materials, pottery, semiprecious beads of lapis lazuli , carnelian and others. They also found evidence of metallurgical activities, such as crucibles (used for pouring molten metal), furnace lining, burnt floor, ash and ore slugs. Ceramic petrography , metallography , scanning electron microscope (SEM, non-destructive, surface images of nanoscale resolution), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXA and EDXMA non-destructive, qualitative and quantitative elemental composition) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM, destructive method) scientific studies of

8162-456: The growing population and increasing scarcity of water. Jai Singh consulted with several architects while planning the layout of Jaipur and established the city on the principles of Vastu Shastra and Shilpa Shastra under the architectural guidance of Vidyadhar Bhattacharya . The construction of the city began in 1726. During the rule of Sawai Ram Singh II , the city was painted pink to welcome Albert Edward, Prince of Wales in 1876. Many of

8268-654: The highways and railways bisecting the Aravalli range and wildlife corridor in several places pose a great risk. Large parts of Aravalli are legally and physically unprotected, with no wildlife passages and little or no wildlife conservation work resulting in deaths of over 10 leopards in 4 years between January 2015 to January 2019. The Haryana side of the Gurugram-Faridabad Aravalli hill forests lack availability of water due to which wild animals are seldom seen there. The Government of Haryana used drones for aerial surveys and dug 22 ephemeral pits in 2018 to store

8374-628: The intersection where Birla Mandir is situated and hosts notable places like Rambagh Palace , Golf Club and Jaipur Development Authority Office falling on its path. The city had three colleges, including a Sanskrit college (1865) and a girls' school (1867) opened during the reign of the Maharaja Ram Singh II. Public and private schools in Jaipur are governed by the Central Board of Secondary Education or Board of Secondary Education, Rajasthan , International Board of education and follow

8480-431: The involvement and contribution of villagers. It continues its exemplary work like Arvari sansad . It originated after rejuvenation effort by TBS and innovative community approach of Dr. Rajendra Singh. (Arvari Sansad represents 72 villages, which meets twice a year). The primary objective is to safeguard and integrate water management efforts of the community in river catchments. The sansad also played crucial role to protect

8586-522: The length of the Aravalli Range providing an economic boost. The Aravalli Range is the home of forests, wildlife, protected areas, UNESCO heritage listed forts, rivers, and historical monuments which sustain a large tourism industry. Damage to the environment and ecology from the unorganized urbanization , overexploitation of the natural resources including water and minerals, mining , untreated human waste and disposal, pollution, loss of forest cover and wildlife habitat , unprotected status of most of

8692-475: The material found prove that the Khanak site was inhabited by the IVC metal-workers who used the locally mined polymetallic tin , and they were also familiar with metallurgical work with copper and bronze . The lowest level of site dates back as far the pre-Harappan era to Sothi-Siswal culture (6600 BP) tentatively. The Ganeshwar Sunari Cultural Complex (GSCC) is a collection of third millennium BCE settlements in

8798-512: The most common type of grinding stone at Harappa is of Delhi quartzite type found only in the westernmost outliers of the Aravalli range in southern Haryana near Kaliana and Makanwas villages of Bhiwani district. The quartzite is red-pink to pinkish grey in colour and is crisscrossed with thin haematite and quartz filled fractures with sugary size grain texture. Ravindra Nath Singh and his team of Banaras Hindu University carried out ASI -financed excavations of Indus Valley Civilisation site on

8904-608: The mostly elevated part of the first line, called Phase 1A, comprising 9.63 kilometres (5.98 mi) of route from Mansarovar to Chandpole Bazaar, started in November 2010, and was completed in 2014. The Jaipur Metro began commercial service between Chandpole and Mansarovar on 3 June 2015. The Jaipur Metro Rail system is India's sixth metro rail system . The Jaipur Metro is the first metro in India to run on triple-storey elevated road and metro track. Phase 1-B, from Chandpole to Badi Chaupar , began operation on 23 September 2020. Phase-1A

9010-515: The national press had started championing the TBS cause and TBS decided to take the battle to its logical conclusion. The apex court found the mine owners guilty of assaulting the TBS General Secretary and awarded appropriate imprisonment to the offender. The Environment Ministry of the GOI issued a notification to ban mining and industrial activities, in view of the alarming ecological degradation of

9116-488: The night, riding with my baby, oh what a delight, oh what a delight, it is. » The song was released on his 2001 studio album Driving Rain . Jaipur is the setting for the film The Best Exotic Marigold Hotel and its sequel, The Second Best Exotic Marigold Hotel , which follow the adventures of a group of senior European ex-pats who retire to Jaipur and in the process discover their true selves. Aravalli Range The Aravalli Range (also spelled Aravali )

9222-458: The north and west. Jaipur generally slopes downwards from north to south and then to the southeast. The city is surrounded by the Nahargarh hills in the north and Jhalana in the east, which is a part of the Aravalli range . The Dravyavati River is the primary drainage channel, which by 2014 had degenerated into an untreated sewage nallah . To address this issue, a plan for the rejuvenation of

9328-776: The northern and central zones draining into the Dravyavati river while the western zone drains into the Chandler lake and the eastern and southern areas combined drain into the Dhundh River. Sewerage systems and STPs have been constructed accordingly with the installed capacity being 730 km of sewer lines and 442 MLD of sewage treatment. The corporation has a solid waste management system that includes door-to-door collection, transportation of garbage in covered vehicles, proper deployment of dustbins, use of modern equipment. The system ensures private investment as well as public participation with

9434-665: The provincial capital, educational, and administrative center, the economy of Jaipur is fueled by tourism, gemstone cutting, the manufacture of jewellery and luxury textiles, and information technology. Three major trade promotion organizations have their offices in Jaipur: Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce & Industry, (FICCI) the PHD Chamber of Commerce and Industry (PHDCCI) and the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) which has its regional offices here. In 2008, Jaipur

9540-430: The rainwater which became dry during the summer months. In January 2019, the government announced the plan to make the pit perennial by connecting those with pipelines from the nearby villages. Human activity, such as unplanned urbanization and polluting industrial plants, also pose a great threat. There is often reluctance and denial on part of the government officials of the presence of wildlife such as leopard so that

9646-1143: The regions of the Aravalli Hill Range, primarily along the Kantli, Sabi, Sota, Dohan and Bondi rivers, the GJCC is the largest copper producing community in third millennium BCE South Asia, with 385 sites documented. Archaeological indicators of the GSCC were documented primarily in Jaipur, Jhunjhunu, and Sikar districts of Rajasthan, India ..." Pottery found in the area include incised ware, and reserved slipware. There are two main type sites , Ganeshwar , and Sunari , in Tehsil Kot Putli, Jaipur district (Geo coordinates: N 27° 35' 51", 76° 06' 85" E). The Northern Aravalli range in Delhi and Haryana has humid subtropical climate and hot semi-arid continental climate with very hot summers and relatively cool winters. The main characteristics of climate in Hisar are dryness, extremes of temperature, and scanty rainfall. The maximum daytime temperature during

9752-531: The river bed. TBS has also focused on preserving the natural forest ecosystems through its SAVE THE TIGER CAMPAIGN. The Campaign was started with students and teachers in neighbouring schools of the Sariska Reserve Forest . Upon investigation it was revealed that poachers along with the mining mafia were killing tigers. When TBS began its work in Sariska in 1985 there were only 5 tigers in the forest. By 1995,

9858-441: The river was developed by Jaipur Development Authority (JDA) in 2015. A 13 km (8.1 mi) stretch of Dravyavati riverfront out of 47.5 km (29.5 mi) was opened after rejuvenation in 2018 and the remaining project was completed in 2022. Jaipur has a monsoon-influenced hot semi-arid climate ( Köppen climate classification BSh ) with long, extremely hot summers and short, mild to warm winters. Annual precipitation

9964-512: The ruler of Amer , who founded the city in 1727. In Sanskrit , variations of the word "pur" or "pura" are commonly used to refer to a city or town with "Jaipur" essentially meaning "The City of Jai" or "Jai's City," paying homage to Maharaja Jai Singh II, who established the city. Jaipur was founded by Rajput chief of Kachhwaha clan Jai Singh II on 18 November 1727, who ruled the region from 1699 to 1743. He planned to shift his capital from Amber, 11 kilometres (7 mi) to Jaipur to accommodate

10070-474: The sedimentary rocks around 1.8 Ga years ago during Paleoproterozoic phase. The tectonic setting of zinc-lead-copper sulfides mineralisation in the Delhi supergroup rocks in Haryana-Delhi were formed by mantle plume volcanic action around one billion years ago covering Haryana and Rajasthan during the mesoproterozoic . In the southern part of the Aravalli supergroup arc base metal sulfides were generated near

10176-598: The subduction zone on the western fringe and in zones of back-arc extension to the south-east. Continued subduction produced tungsten - tin mineralisation in S-type (sedimentary unmetamorphosed rock), felsic (volcanic rock), and plutons (crystallised solidified magma). This includes commercially viable quantities of minerals, such as rock phosphate , lead - zinc - silver mineral deposits at Zawar , Rikahbdev serpentinite , talc , pyrophyllite , asbestos , apatite , kyanite and beryl . Mining of copper and other metals in

10282-494: The summer varies between 40 and 46 °C (104 and 115 °F). During winter, its ranges between 1.5 and 4 °C. The Central Aravalli range in Rajasthan has an arid and dry climate. The Southern Aravalli range in Gujarat has a tropical wet and dry climate Three major rivers and their tributaries flow from the Aravalli, namely Banas and Sahibi rivers which are tributaries of Yamuna , as well as Luni River which flows into

10388-452: The survey area), nilgai (55 sightings), palm civet (7 sightings), wild pig (14 sightings), rhesus macaque (55 sightings), peafowl (57 sightings) and Indian crested porcupine (12 sightings). Encouraged by the first survey, the wildlife department has prepared a plan for a comprehensive study and census of wildlife across the whole Aravalli Range, including radio collar tracking of the wild animals. Well known leopard and hyena habitat

10494-570: The survival of biodiversity was done by the illegal and senseless mining. Mining exercises had been carried out places even where it was not permissible as per the regulations determining and governing the Sariska Tiger Project and National Park Status. At the same time, A PIL (Public Interest Litigation) filed in the Supreme Court against mining had led to prohibition made by Supreme Court to sanction and issue new mining leases. TBS filed

10600-556: The use of resources and types of crops planted in the river basin in order to manage the levels of water. Jal Biradari (Water Community) was established in 1999 and was integral in raising awareness about the river crisis of Rajasthan on a national scale. On 1 August 2007, TBS initiated a protest against the construction for Commonwealth Games on the Yamuna river bed. Later, the chief minister Mrs Sheila Dixit and Governor Mr. Tejender Khanna were issued instructions to prohibit construction on

10706-422: The villagers he organized the building of a johad , which is a traditional rainwater storage tank. TBS is focused on self-governance and political empowerment for villagers living around exploited rivers. For example, TBS felicitated the creation of Arvari river parliament which represents 72 villages and their interests in sustaining their water resources. The river parliament produced guidelines to regulate

10812-563: Was approved by the government in August 2006. Jaipur BRTS is managed by JCSTL, a special purpose vehicle formed by Jaipur Development Authority and Jaipur Nagar Nigam. In Phase I, two corridors have been proposed: a "North-South Corridor" from Sikar Road to Tonk Road and an "East-West Corridor" from Ajmer Road to Delhi Road. A section of the North-South Corridor from bypass near Harmada to Pani Pech became operational in 2010. Jaipur Ring Road

10918-420: Was granted the status of international airport on 29 December 2005. The airport's apron can accommodate 14 aircraft, and the new integrated terminal building can handle up to 1,000 passengers at peak hours. Jaipur Junction railway station was built in 1875 and is situated at the centre of Rajasthan. Serving almost 35,000 passengers daily, Jaipur Junction is the busiest station in Rajasthan. The cornerstone of

11024-506: Was ranked 31 among the 50 Emerging Global Outsourcing cities. Jaipur Stock Exchange was one of the regional stock exchanges in India and was founded in 1989 but was closed in March 2015. Jaipur has emerged as a hub of automotive industries with JCB , Hero MotoCorp and Robert Bosch GmbH having their manufacturing plants in Jaipur. There are chemical manufacturers in the city including Emami and National Engineering Industries . The city

11130-566: Was ranked the seventh best place to visit in Asia. According to TripAdvisor's 2015 Traveller's Choice Awards, Jaipur was ranked first among the Indian destinations for the year. The Presidential Suite at the Raj Palace Hotel , billed at US$ 45,000 per night, was listed in second place on CNN's World's 15 most expensive hotel suites in 2012. Jaipur was ranked eighth in "The Top 15 Cities in Asia". Jaipur Exhibition & Convention Centre (JECC)

11236-453: Was −2.2 °C (28.0 °F) on 31 January 1905, 1 February 1905 and 16 January 1964. Jaipur, like many other major cities of the world, is a significant urban heat island zone with surrounding rural temperatures occasionally falling below freezing in winters. Jaipur has been ranked 33rd best “National Clean Air City” (under Category 1 >10L Population cities) in India. According to the provisional report of 2011 census, Jaipur city had

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