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51-455: Robert Greenwood Tarran (25 April 1892 – 20 September 1955) was a British civil engineering contractor and managing director of Tarran Industries, Ltd. He was an elected member of Hull City Council and served as Sheriff of Hull and as its chief Air Raid Warden during the Second World War. He also organised the evacuation of civilians from Hull. His popularity in the city

102-495: A Mayor of London and 25-member London Assembly . The first mayoral and assembly elections took place in 2000. The former Leader of the Greater London Council , Ken Livingstone , served as the inaugural Mayor, until he was defeated by future Prime Minister Boris Johnson in 2008 . The incumbent, Sadiq Khan , was first elected in 2016 . The Mayor's functions include chairing Transport for London , holding

153-476: A county borough . The borough boundaries were enlarged on several occasions. In 1897, Hull was awarded city status , after which the corporation was also known as the city council. In 1914 the city's mayor was awarded the honorific title of lord mayor . Local government was reformed in 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972 . Hull kept the same boundaries (which had last been expanded in 1968) but

204-483: A county council and a district council, which would share local authority functions. In May 2022, 21 non-metropolitan county councils and 164 non-metropolitan district councils remain. These are better known as simply county councils and district councils. The Local Government Act 1985 also abolished metropolitan county councils, but there are still 36 metropolitan district councils as of May 2022. There are also (as of April 2023) 62 unitary authorities. These carry out

255-547: A devolution deal, which are usually reserved to combined authorities for additional functions and funding. And, like some combined authorities and parish councils, local authorities do have a general power of competence . Separate to combined authorities, two or more local authorities can also work together through joint boards (for legally-required services: fire, public transport and waste disposal), joint committees (voluntarily) or through contracting out and agency arrangements. The Greater London Authority Act 1999 established

306-510: A local authority. Ten currently exist, with more planned. Parish councils form the lowest tier of local government and govern civil parishes . They may also be called a 'community council', 'neighbourhood council', 'village council', 'town council' or (if the parish holds city status) 'city council', but these names are stylistic and do not change their responsibilities. As of December 2021 there are 10,475 parishes in England, but they do not cover

357-558: A parish council must meet certain conditions of quality. Civil parishes developed in the nineteenth century and were based on the Church of England's parishes , which until then had both ecclesiastical and local government functions; parish councils were created by the Local Government Act 1894 ( 56 & 57 Vict. c. 73). The ecclesiastical parishes continue to exist, but neither they nor their parochial church councils have any local government role. There are 317 local authorities covering

408-441: A unitary authority. This therefore had the effect of restoring the city council to the powers it had held when Hull was a county borough prior to 1974. A ceremonial county called East Riding of Yorkshire was established at the same time, covering both Hull and the neighbouring East Riding of Yorkshire unitary authority area. The council provides both district-level and county-level functions. There are no civil parishes in

459-549: A whole has limited revenue-raising powers compared to other G7 countries. In the 20th century, local authorities found that the costs of providing services exceeded the revenues raised from local taxes and so grants from the UK Government (specifically the Treasury ) gradually increased. However, UK Government grants were cut by 40% in real terms between the financial years 2009/10 and 2019/20, although grant income did grow due to

510-481: Is a public interest in disclosing information about local government investments which will generally outweigh any concerns about whether disclosure could affect an investment's performance or be protected by confidentiality requirements. Local authorities cannot borrow money to finance day-to-day spending and so must rely on yearly income or reserves for this type of expenditure, although they can borrow to fund capital expenditure. Local government in England as

561-517: Is clear both practically and democratically that the overly centralised arrangements of government in England are problematic" and that reform was also needed of funding structures. As of May 2024, the various combined authorities, county, district, and sui generis councils formed an administrative hierarchy as shown in the table below. Unitary authorities are legally either district councils which also perform county functions or county councils which also perform district functions; they therefore straddle

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612-495: Is in danger of foundering, who honestly believed it was in the interests of everybody, not merely of himself, that it was better that that ship should carry on to the haven he saw ahead at the end of the war... I ask your Lordship to be lenient. This man has lost that which he spent his life in building. He has been in terrible suspense in this trial throughout almost the whole of this year, and has suffered punishment already almost more dreadful than anyone would wish to pass upon him in

663-447: Is sometimes used in official documents. In 1996 the county of Humberside and its council were abolished, and Hull City Council gained responsibility for county-level services. The way this change was legally implemented was to create a new non-metropolitan county of Kingston upon Hull covering the same area as the existing district, but with no separate county council; instead the existing city council took on county functions, making it

714-455: Is the regional authority for Greater London , with responsibility for transport, policing, fire and rescue, development and strategic planning. Combined authorities are statutory bodies which allow two or more local authorities to voluntarily pool responsibilities and negotiate a devolution deal with the UK Government for the area they cover, giving it powers beyond those typically held by

765-549: The COVID-19 pandemic . Local government receives two types of grants: the Revenue Support Grant, which can be spent on any service according to the wishes of the local government body in question, and specific grants, which are usually 'ring fenced' to specifically defined service areas. Council tax was introduced in 1993 to replace the ' poll tax '. It is a domestic property tax, based on eight bands (A to H) depending on

816-687: The Commissioner of the Metropolitan Police and London Fire Commissioner to account and keeping strategies up to date, including the London Plan . Meanwhile, it is the Assembly's role to regularly hold the Mayor and their key advisers to account and it can also amend the budget or a strategy by a two-thirds majority, though this has not ever happened as of March 2022. Combined authorities can be created at

867-542: The Localism Act 2011 . In every area, one local authority acts as the billing authority (the district council in two-tier areas), which prepares and collects council tax bills. Other parts of local government (like county councils in two-tier areas, police and crime commissioners, fire authorities, parish councils and combined authorities) act as precepting authorities, which notify the relevant billing authority of their decision on council tax and later receive this money from

918-623: The sui generis City of London Corporation . The other sui generis local authorities are the Council of the Isles of Scilly , Middle Temple and Inner Temple . Outside Greater London and the Isles of Scilly , the Local Government Act 1972 divided England into metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties, which would have one county council and multiple district councils each. That meant that each area would be covered by two tiers of local authorities - both

969-720: The 1914–15 Star, the British War Medal and the Victory Medal. Tarran began his company, Tarran Industries, Ltd., in 1919 in a small loft for which he paid half a crown a week in rent. By 1937, he was employed more than 3,000 men. He worked extensively during the Second World War under contract to the War Department, building hospitals, airfields, hospitals and barges. In 1941, he had a government contract worth £3 million for fortifying parts of Britain's east coast against German invasion. In August of that year, he officially welcomed

1020-559: The Electoral Commission has recommended that all authorities use whole council elections every 4 years. Local authorities have a choice of executive arrangements under the Local Government Act 2000 : mayor and cabinet executive, leader and cabinet executive, a committee system or bespoke arrangements approved by the Secretary of State. As of April 2023, just 15 local authorities have directly-elected mayors . Some functions are just

1071-699: The King and Queen to Hull. Tarran Industries became known for prefabricated houses during the war, almost 20,000 of which were erected during the latter years of, and immediately after, the war under the Housing (Temporary Accommodation) Act 1944 . His company eventually employed 10,000 people. Tarran held a number of patents. Before the success of his appeal he founded another business in Scotland but he still spent time in Hull, and died at home on 20 September 1955. In December 1947, he

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1122-521: The Labour Party as of 2024 except for Tees Valley . Each combined authority's executive consists of a representative from each of its constituent local authorities, plus (if applicable) the mayor. Functions can be devolved directly to the mayor, to the combined authority as a whole, or have a different decision-making requirement. The budget and functions of each combined authority can be vastly different, but possible functions include responsibility for

1173-622: The Secretary of State the power to provide for a directly-elected combined authority mayor . And, as of May 2022, nine out of the 10 combined authorities have mayors, including Andy Burnham in Greater Manchester and Andy Street in the West Midlands . In the 2024 local elections , new Combined Authorities were elected; they were the new York and North Yorkshire Combined Authority , North East Mayoral Combined Authority , East Midlands Combined County Authority . They are all controlled by

1224-405: The agreement of the relevant local authorities, and under the Localism Act 2011 eligible parish councils can be granted a " general power of competence " (GPC) which allows them within certain limits the freedom to do anything an individual can do provided it is not prohibited by other legislation, as opposed to being limited to the powers explicitly granted to them by law. To be eligible for this

1275-594: The billing authority. Between financial years 2009/10 and 2021/22, council tax rates increased by 30% in real terms, in light of reduced grants from the UK Government. Business rates is a tax on business premises. It is based on the rateable value of the premises (set by the Valuation Office Agency ) and a business rate multiplier. It is set and collected by billing authorities. Reforms in 2013 now mean that local authorities keep 50% of business rate revenues raised locally. The UK Government then distributes

1326-456: The circumstances of this case. I ask you to deal with this as mercifully as possible. He was sentenced to nine months hard labour on each count, to run concurrently, and jailed at Leeds. In his summing-up, Pritchard said that Tarran and Southern had both led exemplary lives and that Tarran had spent apparently the whole of his life in the service of his creation. He added that "they can both look back upon their lives with pride". Tarran's appeal

1377-864: The city centre. The building was purpose-built for the council and was completed in 1914. It has several other administrative buildings, including the Wilson Centre, also on Alfred Gelder Street (which houses the main customer service centre), and the City Treasury building on Guildhall Road, immediately north of the Guildhall. Local government in England Civil parishes are the lowest tier of local government, and primarily exist in rural and smaller urban areas. The responsibilities of parish councils are limited and generally consist of providing and maintaining public spaces and facilities. Local authorities cover

1428-453: The city. The council has been under Liberal Democrat majority control since 2022. Political control of the council since 1929 has been as follows: The role of Lord Mayor is largely ceremonial. Political leadership is provided by the leader of the council . The leaders since 2007 have been: Following the 2024 election and a subsequent change of allegiance in June 2024, the composition of

1479-449: The company's 1942 balance sheet and of conspiring with Herbert Bland Southern (assistant to the general manager for contracts, aged 64 at the time) to publish it; and the same for the 1943 balance sheet. Southern was charged with both counts of conspiracy. Sentence was passed on 3 December 1947. The jury deliberated for four hours and two minutes, and Pritchard told them that he would ask that they not be called for jury service again. Tarran

1530-517: The council has been a unitary authority , being a district council which also performs the functions of a county council ; it is independent from East Riding of Yorkshire Council , the unitary authority which administers the rest of the county. The council has been under Liberal Democrat majority control since 2022. It is based at the Guildhall . Hull was an ancient borough . It was granted its first charter in 1299 by Edward I . He had acquired

1581-488: The council was: The next election is due in May 2026. Since the last boundary changes in 2018, the council has comprised 57 councillors representing 21 wards , with each ward electing two or three councillors. Elections are held three years out of every four, with a third of the council elected each time for a four-year term of office. The council meets at the Guildhall at the junction of Alfred Gelder Street and Lowgate in

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1632-632: The entirety of England, and are responsible for services such as education, transport, planning applications, and waste collection and disposal. In two-tier areas a non-metropolitan county council and two or more non-metropolitan district councils share responsibility for these services. In single-tier areas a unitary authority , London borough , or metropolitan borough provides all services. The City of London and Isles of Scilly have unique local authorities. The London boroughs, metropolitan boroughs, and some unitary authorities collaborate through regional authorities. The Greater London Authority (GLA)

1683-576: The financial year 2019/20, local authorities received 22% of their funding from grants, 52% from council tax and 27% from retained business rates. In the financial year 2023/24, 51% of revenue expenditure is expected to come from UK Government grants, 31% from council tax and 15% from retained business rates. Local government can also receive some money from fees and charges for the use of services, returns and interest from investments , commercial income, fixed penalty notices and capital receipts. The Information Commissioner's Office has ruled that there

1734-689: The functions of both county and district councils and have replaced two-tier local government in some areas. The creation of these first became possible under the Local Government Act 1992 , but now takes place under the Local Government and Public Involvement in Health Act 2007 . In the 2023/24 financial year, 33% of budgeted service expenditure across local government as a whole is set to be on education , 19% on adult social care , 13% on police , 11% on children's social care and 24% on all other services. Notably, Cornwall Council has been subject to

1785-590: The jurisdiction of the Sheriff of Yorkshire . Seven years later, in 1447, the county corporate was extended to also include an adjoining rural area lying to the west of Hull itself, which became known as Hullshire . Although independent from the Sheriff of Yorkshire, Hull remained part of the geographical county of Yorkshire and continued to form part of the East Riding for the purposes of lieutenancy until 1974. Hull

1836-523: The people within government are unsure at times where powers and responsibility, and hence accountability, rest, this lack of clarity is magnified for individuals who have little knowledge or experience of the structures. This has the potential to leave individuals less likely to be able to access what they need from government, leaving them often unable to know who is responsible, and as a result are not properly able to hold their democratic representatives to account. The Committee also said that "[t]he evidence

1887-773: The relevant police force and/or fire brigade , bus franchising and spatial strategy. Lower-tier of a two-tier system. Upper-tier of a two-tier system. De facto unitary authorities since abolition of metropolitan county councils . Metropolitan county councils were abolished in 1986 and most of their functions were devolved to the metropolitan boroughs making them unitary authorities in all but name. Some combined and regional authorities may assume responsibility for policing, e.g. South Yorkshire . Some combined and regional authorities may assume responsibility for policing, e.g. Greater Manchester . In England, local authorities have three main sources of funding: UK Government grants, council tax and business rates . In

1938-469: The remaining 50% of business rate revenues according to its own judgement. It was initially planned to increase the proportion of business rates that local authorities retain to 100%, but this was indefinitely delayed in 2021. In 2022, the Public Administration and Constitutional Affairs Committee said that it had "significant concerns about the current governance arrangements for England": If

1989-520: The request of two or more local authorities. Combined authorities do not replace the local authorities in question, but can receive separate functions and funding. As of May 2022, there are 10 combined authorities covering some of England. The Secretary of State was first granted the power to create combined authorities by the Local Democracy, Economic Development and Construction Act 2009 . The Cities and Local Government Devolution Act 2016 gave

2040-503: The responsibility of the executive of a local authority, but local authorities must also have at least one overview and scrutiny committee to hold the executive to account. The London Government Act 1963 established 32 London borough councils. It also established the Greater London Council , covering the whole of Greater London , but this was later abolished by the Local Government Act 1985 . Greater London also includes

2091-446: The same reforms, Hull lost its jurisdiction over the parts of Hullshire outside the enlarged borough boundary (the parishes of Hessle , Kirk Ella and North Ferriby and their associated townships ), which were returned to the jurisdiction of the Sheriff of Yorkshire. When elected county councils were established in 1889, Hull was considered large enough for the existing corporation to also take on county council functions, making it

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2142-413: The small port town of Wyke upon Hull six years earlier in 1293, and had renamed it Kingston upon Hull to reflect its new royal ownership. The 1299 charter gave the borough certain rights of self-government. A subsequent charter in 1331 gave the borough the right to appoint a mayor . In 1440 the borough was given the right to appoint its own sheriff , which made it a county corporate and removed it from

2193-411: The value of the property on 1 April 1991. Various discounts are set out in law and exist at the discretion of billing authorities. On a yearly basis, local government bodies review and consider whether to increase or decrease the level of council tax to fund their spending plans. The level at which a local authority can increase council tax each year without holding a local referendum is regulated by

2244-560: The whole of England. There are five main types of local authorities: London borough councils , two-tier county and district councils , metropolitan district councils and unitary authorities . Some local authorities have borough , city or royal borough status, but this is purely stylistic. All local authorities are made up of councillors , who represent geographical wards . There are 7,026 wards as of December 2021. Local authorities run on four year cycles and councillors may be elected all at once, by halves or by thirds; although

2295-430: The whole of the country as many urban parishes were abolished in 1974. The only specific statutory function of parish councils, which they must do, is establishing allotments . However, there are a number of other functions given by powers in the relevant legislation, which they can do, such as providing litter bins and building bus shelters . Their statutory functions are few, but they may provide other services with

2346-402: Was acquitted of four charges (those relating to 1942, and the 1943 conspiracy charge), but convicted of the other two. His co-defendant was acquitted of both charges. Tarran's defence counsel , My C. Paley Scott, said to the judge: I would like to put it to you that this was not a case of a man making a false statement for direct self-interest. I put it as the case of a captain of a ship which

2397-490: Was based on the conviction being against the weight of evidence. It succeeded on 23 April 1948. Hull City Council Hull City Council , or Kingston upon Hull City Council , is the local authority for the city of Kingston upon Hull (generally known as Hull) in the ceremonial county of the East Riding of Yorkshire , England. Hull has had a council since 1299, which has been reformed on numerous occasions. Since 1996

2448-717: Was considerable. Tarran was born in Kingston upon Hull in 1892, the eldest son of Arthur Tarran and Emily Peat Tarran. In 1911, he was working as a joiner, the same occupation as his father. In September 1914, he enlisted with the Northumbrian Field Ambulance Service, and served with the Royal Army Medical Corps through 1919. He served with the Home Expeditionary Forces and in France, was awarded

2499-500: Was convicted of making and publishing a false statement in the company's 1943 balance sheet, and sentenced to nine months hard labour . The conviction was quashed on appeal four months later. Tarran's conviction followed first a 44-day hearing before Hull's stipendiary magistrate, after which Tarran, who pleaded not guilty, was granted bail at £100, then a 32-day special Assizes hearing at Hull Guildhall , in front of Mr Justice Pritchard. Tarran faced six charges: making and publishing

2550-476: Was reconstituted as a non-metropolitan district and placed in the new county of Humberside , with county-level functions passing to Humberside County Council . Hull's borough and city statuses and its lord mayoralty were all transferred to the new district and its council. The legal name of the district is 'Kingston upon Hull', but the council styles itself 'Hull City Council' rather than its full formal name of 'Kingston upon Hull City Council'. The full name

2601-642: Was reformed in 1836 to become a municipal borough under the Municipal Corporations Act 1835 , which standardised how most boroughs operated across the country. The town was then governed by a body formally called the 'mayor, aldermen and burgesses of the borough of Kingston upon Hull', generally known as the corporation or town council. The reformed borough was enlarged to match the Kingston upon Hull constituency , which had been expanded in 1832 to take in areas including Drypool and Sculcoates . As part of

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