85-594: Taraon is a village in the Ghazipur District of Uttar Pradesh , India. The village of Taraon falls under the jurisdiction of the Taraon Panchayat. It is located 31 kilometres (19 mi) East of Ghazipur , on the border of the Ghazipur and Buxer districts. It is 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) from nearby Yusufpur Mohammadabad , and 371 kilometres (231 mi) from the state capital of Lucknow . Taraon Pin code
170-493: A Buddha's tooth relic and Buddha's broom made of "kasa grass". Outside is a vihara built ages ago, and many stupas to honor the arhats (Buddhist saints). South of Bactra is the country of Kacik, then the Great Snow Mountains with valleys "infested with gangs of brigands" (Li Rongxi translation). Crossing this pass, thereafter is the country of Bamiyana (a part of modern Afghanistan ). There, state his travelogue
255-539: A Buddhist stupa, such as raging flames bursting out of them leaving behind stream of pearls. The citizens here, states Xuanzang, worship pieces of Buddha's remains that were brought here in more ancient times. He mentions four stupas built in this area by king Ashoka . To Xuanzang, he entered India as he crossed the Black range and entered the country of Lampa. His travelogue presents India in fascicles separate from those for Central Asia. He, however, does not call it India, but
340-528: A dark cave here where dangerous beings lived, recited Srimaladevi Simhanadasutra , and they became Buddhists. Thereafter they all burnt incense and worshipped the Buddha with flowers. Some five hundred li (~200 kilometer in 7th-century) to the southeast is the country of Gandhara – which some historic Chinese texts phonetically transcribed as Qiantuowei . On its east, it is bordered by the Indus river, and its capital
425-566: A desert, icy valleys and the Pamir range (which link Tian Shan , Karakoram , Kunlun , Uparisyena and the Himalaya mountain ranges). Here, observed Xuanzang, the wind is cold and "blows with a piercing vehemence" (Li Rongxi translation). Ferocious dragons live here and trouble the travellers particularly those who wear "reddish brown" color clothes. Thereafter, he crossed past a salty sea, one narrow from north to south and long from east to west, he calls
510-471: A fort. Subsequently, his nephew and his successors seized a Muslim girl whose mother got worried for her daughter and as a measure for the safety of her daughter, she appealed to the sultan of Delhi, with the result that a band of forty ghazis under the headship of Ghazi Saiyad Mausaud reached Kathot and captured the fort and slew Raja Mandhata and his nephew. Thus the Ghazis got charge of the area and where Masud
595-563: A month, and studied the Madhyamika sastra with him. To the northeast of Varsha country, states Xuanzang, there is a lofty mountain with a bluish stone image of Bhimadevi . She is the wife of Mahesvara . It is a great site of pilgrimage, where Indians from very far come with prayers. At the foot of this mountain is another temple for Mahesvara where ceremonies are performed by naked heretics who smear ash on their body. About 30 li (about 12 kilometers in 7th-century) southeast from these temples
680-682: A newly built great stupa. The Kashmira region has numerous monks well versed with the Tripitaka , states Xuanzang. He stays in Kashmira for two years and studies the treatises with them. Xuanzang describes many events where he is helped by both Buddhists and non-Buddhists. For example, he describes leaving the city of Sakala and Narasimha, then passing with his companions through the Great Palasha forest. They get robbed and are walked towards some dry pond to be killed. A monk and he slip away. They hurry towards
765-914: A river with "poisonous dragons and evil animals". There, he visited a major Buddhist monastery of the Sautrantika school. From there, after covering some 2200 li, he passed through the country of Simhapura ( Kalabagh ), of Urasa (now Hazara ), and then into Kashmira. He was received by the king, and numerous monks from the Jayendra monastery. Kashmira is land with a very cold climate and is often calm without any wind. The region has lakes, grows plenty of flowers and fruit, saffron and medicinal herbs. Kashmira has over 100 monasteries and more than 5000 monks. The residents revere four large stupas that were built in ancient times by Ashoka. Emperor Kanishika too built many Buddhist monasteries here. He also had treatises with 960,000 words written on copper plates and had them stored in
850-503: A vassal of the Buddhist Kingdom of Kapisa found near Bamiyana . The monasteries in these kingdoms are splendid, with four corner towers and halls with three tiers. They have strange looking figures at the joints, rafters, eaves and roof beams. The Indians paint the walls, doors and windows with colors and pictures. People prefer to have home that look simple from outside, but is much decorated inside. They construct their homes such
935-448: A village. Near it, they meet a Brahmana who is tilling his land. They tell him that robbers attacked them and their companions. The Brahmin goes to the village and beats a drum and blows a conch. About 80 men gather, and together they proceed to rescue the companions of Xuanzang. While other rescued companions of his wail about the loss of all their property, Xuanzang reminds them that they should all be happy to be alive and not worry about
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#17328695071341020-406: A way that they open towards the east. Xuanzang also describes implausible events such as glowing rock footprints of Buddha, dragons, tales of Naga, a stupa in which is preserved the Buddha's eyeball as "large as a crabapple" and that is "brilliant and transparent" throughout, a white stone Buddha idol that worked miracles and "frequently emitted light". The travelogue states that Xuanzang went into
1105-474: Is Purusapura . This is the land of ancient sages and authors of Indic sastras , and they include Narayanadeva, Asanga, Vasubandhu, Dharmatrata, Monaratha and Parshva. To the southeast of Purusapura city is a 400-foot-high stupa built by Emperor Kanishka , one with nearly 2000 feet in diameter and a 25 layer wheel on the top. There is a large monastery near it. Gandhara has numerous holy Buddhist sites, and Xuanzang visited and worshipped all of them. He calls
1190-442: Is Salatura , which says Xuanzang was the birthplace of Rishi Pāṇini and the author of "Sabda-vidya-sastra". Inspired by Mahesvara , this Rishi set out to "make inquiries into the way of learning" (Li Rongxi translation). He thoroughly studied all written and spoken language, words in ancient and his times, then created a treatise of one thousand stanzas. The heretics (Hindus) transmit this text orally from teacher to pupil, and it
1275-502: Is 233231 and postal head office is Bhanwarkol. Taraon is bordered by the Yusufpur Mohammadabad tehsil to the west. It may be reached by rail via the nearby Buxar or Yusufpur Railway Station (13 kilometres (8.1 mi) distant). The local language is Hindi and Bhojpuri . This Ghazipur district location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Ghazipur District Ghazipur district
1360-569: Is Sanzang Fashi ( simplified Chinese : 三藏法师 ; traditional Chinese : 三藏法師 ; pinyin : Sānzàngfǎshī ; lit. 'Sanzang Dharma (or Law) Teacher'): 法 being a Chinese translation for Sanskrit " Dharma " or Pali / Prakrit Dhamma , the implied meaning being "Buddhism". "Sanzang" is the Chinese term for the Buddhist canon, or Tripiṭaka ("Three Baskets"), and in some English-language fiction and English translations of Journey to
1445-523: Is a district of Uttar Pradesh state in northern India. The city of Ghazipur is the district headquarters. The district is part of Varanasi Division . The region of Ghazipur is famous mainly for the production of its unique rose-scented Spray called Gulab Jal, and for the tomb of the Governor General of British India, Lord Cornwallis , who died here. His tomb is situated in Western part of City, and
1530-490: Is a colossal statue of standing Buddha, carved from a rock in the mountains, some one hundred and forty feet tall and decorated with gems. This valley has Buddhist monasteries, and also a colossal copper statue of the Buddha, that is over a hundred foot tall. He was told that it was cast in separate parts and then joined up together. To the east of a monastery in the Bamiyana valley was a Reclining Buddha entering Parinirvana that
1615-945: Is a mix of the implausible, the hearsay and a firsthand account. Selections from it are used, and disputed, as a terminus ante quem of 645 for events, names and texts he mentions. His text in turn provided the inspiration for the novel Journey to the West written by Wu Cheng'en during the Ming dynasty , around nine centuries after Xuanzang's death. Less common romanizations of "Xuanzang" include Hyun Tsan, Hhuen Kwan, Hiuan Tsang, Hiouen Thsang, Hiuen Tsang, Hiuen Tsiang, Hsien-tsang, Hsyan-tsang, Hsuan Chwang, Huan Chwang, Hsuan Tsiang, Hwen Thsang, Hsüan Chwang, Hhüen Kwān, Xuan Cang, Xuan Zang, Shuen Shang, Yuan Chang, Yuan Chwang, and Yuen Chwang. Hsüan, Hüan, Huan and Chuang are also found. The sound written x in pinyin and hs in Wade–Giles , which represents
1700-541: Is conserved by Archaeological Survey of India . The district has derived its name from its headquarters town of Ghazipur. It was during the reign of Harsha, a Chinese pilgrim known with the name of Xuanzang came to the district. And in his days the place was known as Chen- Chu interpreting in English as the Kingdom of the lord of 'Battles' which has been given various nomenclatures like Yudhpatipura, Yudharanpura, Garzapatipura and
1785-1092: Is found in Guang hongming ji from Daoxun and is also in Japanese and Korean texts. The 629 CE is found in Chinese and western versions. This confusion, though merely of two years, is of significance to western history. The date when Xuanzang's pilgrimage started is not resolved in any of the texts that Xuanzang himself wrote. Further, he did not write his own biography or travelogue, rather he recited it to his fellow monks after his return from India. Three of his immediate collaborators wrote his biography, and thus leaving three versions and with variant details. All three of these versions begin his pilgrimage in 629 CE. Yet, one version by Huili, states that Xuanzang met Yabghu Qaghan, someone who died in 628 CE according to Persian and Turkish records. If this detail in Xuanzang's biography and Persian-Turkish records are true, then Xuanzang must have left before Qaghan's death, or in 627 CE. In other words, some of
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#17328695071341870-456: Is four: three months each of spring, summer, monsoon, and autumn. The kingdoms of India have numerous villages and cities. Their towns and cities have square walls, streets are winding and narrow, with shops lined along these roads. Wine is sold in shops on the side streets. Those whose profession is butchering, fishing, executioners, scavengers (people that kill living beings and deal with products derived from them) are not allowed to live inside
1955-542: Is not to obtain personal offerings. It is because I regretted, in my country, the Buddhist doctrine was imperfect and the scriptures were incomplete. Having many doubts, I wish to go and find out the truth, and so I decided to travel to the West at the risk of my life in order to seek for the teachings of which I have not yet heard, so that the Dew of the Mahayana sutras would have not only been sprinkled at Kapilavastu, but
2040-535: Is related to an oldest time. The Chinese pilgrim Xuanzang (630 to 644) visited and described this place. A legend states that the Jamadagani Rishi lived near to the present day Zamania town with his wife. According to the Mahabharat , Haihaya king Kartivirya came to residence of Jamadagni Rishi, after hospitality, he had taken Kamdhenu by force, but Parshuram son of Jamadagani Rishi overcome him and Kamdhenu
2125-480: Is rich and moist, cultivation productive, vegetation luxuriant. He adds that it has its own ancient customs, such as measuring its distance as " yojana ", equal to forty li, but varying between thirty and sixteen depending on the source. They divide day and night into kala, and substances into various divisions, all the way to a fineness that they call indivisible and emptiness. The country has three seasons: hot, cold, rainy according to some Buddhists; while others say it
2210-521: Is supposed traditionally to have founded a city in 1330 commemorating his newly acquired title of Malik-Us-Sadal Ghazi. He established a new city near to the old Gandhipura and the place got name Ghazipur. The region covered by the present district of Ghazipur once formed part of the ancient kingdom of Kashi , a famous centre of Aryan civilization. The ancient history of Ghazipur can, therefore, be pieced out from that of Kashi. Archaeological finds of Saidpur – Aurihar and Bhitri also proved that it
2295-460: Is the constitution of Ghazipur district in 1818. In 1858, Ghazipur came under direct control of British. But the British also had to face a large rebel on 6th Jun 1858 by Sikarwar Rajputs, under the leadership of Thakur Meghar Singh of Gahmar , and rebels by Kamsaar Pathans under the leadership of Raja Khuda Bhaksh Khan of Dewaitha etc. Kunwar Singh and Amar Singh of Jagdishpur also influenced
2380-552: Is the country of (modern Nangarhar ), with many Buddhist monasteries and five Deva temples. The number of monks here, however, are few. The stupa are deserted and in a dilapidated condition. The local Buddhists believe that the Buddha taught here while flying in the air, because were he to walk here, it caused many earthquakes. Nagarahara has a 300 feet high stupa built by Ashoka , with marvellous sculptures. Xuanzang paid homage by circling it. Both Lampaka and Nagarahara countries were independent with their own kings, but they have become
2465-595: The Chunar Fort gave to him by Humayun. In 1539, the district once again fell to the Afghan under Sher Khan who defeated Humayun at Chausa and assumed the title of Sher Shah at Varanasi . Kam Dev's brother name as Dham Dev who lived at Maa khamakhya Dham near Gahmar also helped Sher Shah Suri in the battle of Chausa . Ghazipur had gone to the house of Sur . In the meanwhile Humayun reoccupied his lost kingdom but died soon after. His young son, Akbar , made himself
2550-519: The Ghazipur region, became independent and established Jaunpur Sultanate , the Ghazipur remained under it till 1479, when Bahlul Lodi defeated its last ruler Sultan Husain and conquered the Jaunpur Sultanate, his successor Sikandar Lodi gave administration of Jaunpur to the hand of Mubarak Khan in which time the Ghazipur took good place. Sikandar Lodi died on 21 November 1517, and Ibrahim Lodi
2635-576: The sixth century , Kashi kingdom completely collapsed in its struggle with Kosala. After the fall of the Kanvas ( 27 BC) Kashi seems to have been occupied by the Vatsas of Kaushambi . In the last of first century A.D. the Kushanas had established a state kingdom in the greater part of the northern India. Kushans rules came to end in the beginning of 3rd century in this region and a branch of Nagas , Bharashiva took
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2720-557: The Avalokitesvara Bodhusattva image, one is noted for "its miraculous manifestations". Crossing another 1000 li, he reached Darada valley – the old capital of Udayana, with a 100 feet golden wood statue of Maitreya Boddhisattva. This statue, states his travelogue, was built by an artist who went three times into heaven to see how he looks and then carve the realistic image of him on earth. Xuanzang arrived in Taxila, after crossing
2805-726: The Eastern Cakuri monastery and Ascarya monastery, with Buddha's footprints and Buddha idols. According to Xuanzang's accounts, mystical light emanated from Buddha's footprints on "fast days". In the country of Baluka, the Sarvastivada school of Hinayana Buddhism was in vogue. He crossed the countries of Samarkand, Mimohe, Kaputana, Kusanika, Bukhara, Betik, Horismika and Tukhara. These had cities near rivers or lakes, then vast regions with no inhabitants, little water or grass. He describes warring factions of Turk chieftains in control, with "illness and pestilence" rampant. From here, he crossed
2890-517: The Great Pure Lake. He describes supernatural monsters, fishes and dragons living in this lake. The Xuanzang travelogues then rush through the names of many countries, stating that more details are provided in the return part of his journey, as he crosses into country of Bactra (modern Balkh ). He adds that the Hinayana Buddhist schools were followed in all these regions. In the capital of
2975-560: The Sui Dynasty collapsed and Xuanzang and his brother fled to Chang'an , which had been proclaimed as the capital of the Tang dynasty , and thence southward to Chengdu , Sichuan . Here the two brothers spent two or three years in further study in the monastery of Kong Hui, including the Abhidharma-kośa Śāstra . The abbot Zheng Shanguo allowed Xuanzang to study these advanced subjects though he
3060-554: The West , Xuanzang is addressed as "Tripitaka." Xuanzang was born Chen Hui (or Chen Yi) on 6 April 602 CE in Chenhe Village, Goushi Town ( Chinese : 緱氏鎮 ), Luozhou (near present-day Luoyang , Henan ). His family was noted for its erudition for generations, and Xuanzang was the youngest of four children. His ancestor was Chen Shi (104–186), a minister of the Eastern Han dynasty . His great-grandfather Chen Qin (陳欽) served as
3145-575: The birth of Mahavira and the Buddha , the whole of northern India was divided into sixteen principal states known in early Buddhist and Jain literatures as the Solah Mahajanpada . The kingdom of Kashi was predominant in this period and covered the present district of Ghazipur . During the 8th and 7th centuries B.C. Kashi and Kosala fought against each other, which is stated in the Jatakas , early in
3230-419: The cities. The cities are built from bricks, while homes are either made mostly from bricks or from "wattled bamboo or wood". Cottages are thatched with straw and grass. The residents of India clean their floor and then smear it with a preparation of cow dung, followed by decorating it with flowers, unlike Chinese homes. Their children go to school at age seven, where they begin learning a number of treatises of
3315-664: The city. Ghazipur District is present in the sub-tropical region and it is best known for rice and rose cultivation. The district is also famous for Black rice. The district forms the border of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. Rivers in the district include the Ganges , Gomati , Gaangi , Beson, Magai , Bhainsai , Tons and Karmanasa River . Xuanzang Xuanzang ( Chinese : 玄奘 ; Wade–Giles : Hsüen Tsang ; [ɕɥɛ̌n.tsâŋ] ; 6 April 602 – 5 February 664), born Chen Hui or Chen Yi ( 陳褘 / 陳禕 ), also known by his Sanskrit Dharma name Mokṣadeva ,
3400-501: The close of the tenth century the hold of Gurjar Pratihar king of Kannauj on Ghazipur became nominal. There after it had gone under the Pal king Mahipala I (992- 1040 AD), after him, it had gone to the Kalchuri or Chedi king Gangeyadeva (1015–1041). It was during the early part of this period that India suffered from the invasions of Mahmud Ghazni who sacked Kannauj in 1019. Chandradeva ,
3485-442: The company but the administrative power of Chait Singh remained much the same as before. But in 1781 he was deposed. The administrative controls were transferred from a deposed Raja Chait Singh to the resident by the revenue policy of Jonathan Dunean . A police force was established at Ghazipur and by 1787 its control was vested in the newly appointed judge. Reforms were initiated by the legislation of 1795 and most important event
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3570-572: The country of Agni had more than ten monasteries following the Sarvastivada school of Hinayana Buddhism, with two thousand monks who ate " three kinds of pure meat " with other foods, rather than vegetarian food only that would be consistent with Mahayana Buddhist teachings. Therefore, the Buddhists in this country had stagnated in their Buddhist teachings. Moving further westward, Xuanzang met about two thousand Turkic robbers on horses. The robbers began fighting with each other on how to fairly divide
3655-476: The country of Bactra, states Xuanzang, is a monastery with a Buddha's idol decorated with jewels and its halls studded with rare precious substances. The Buddhist monastery also has an image of Vaishravana deity as its guardian. The monastery and the capital attracts repeated raids from the Turk chieftains who seek to loot these precious jewels. This monastery has a large bathing pot that looks dazzlingly brilliant and has
3740-517: The details in the surviving versions of Xuanzang biography were invented or a paleographic confusion introduced an error, or the Persian-Turkish records are unreliable. The Japanese version is based on 8th to 10th-century translations of texts that ultimately came from Xuanzang's monastery, which unfortunately has added to the confusion. Most sources state that Xuanzang started his pilgrimage in 629 CE. Purpose of journey The purpose of my journey
3825-489: The district spoke Bhojpuri , 30.98% Hindi and 2.80% Urdu as their first language. The language of the district is Bhojpuri , although some write their language as Hindi. The Bhojpuri variant of Kaithi is the indigenous script of Bhojpuri language. Mostly all major English, Hindi and Urdu dailies including The Times of India , Hindustan Times , The Hindu , Dainik Jagran , Amar Ujala , Hindustan, Rashtree Sahara. Almost all big Hindi TV news channel have stringers in
3910-536: The diversity of languages spoken, how harmonious and elegant they sound when they speak their languages, Xuanzang presents the various kingdoms of India. Xuanzang includes a section on the differences between the Hinayana and Mahayana Buddhist communities. There are eighteen sects in Buddhism, according to Xuanzang. They stand against each other, debate "various viewpoints, as vehemently as crashing waves". Though they share
3995-513: The dragon-horses. These were men who will have massacred an entire city, leaving the place deserted.". Further west he passed Aksu before turning northwest to cross the Tian Shan and then Tokmak on its northwest. He met the great Khagan of the Göktürks . After a feast, Xuanzang continued west then southwest to Tashkent , capital of modern Uzbekistan . Xuanzang describes more monasteries, such as
4080-632: The famed Nalanda University in modern day Bihar , India where he studied with the monk, Śīlabhadra . He departed from India with numerous Sanskrit texts on a caravan of twenty packhorses. His return was welcomed by Emperor Taizong in China, who encouraged him to write a travelogue. This Chinese travelogue, titled the Records of the Western Regions , is a notable source about Xuanzang, and also for scholarship on 7th-century India and Central Asia. His travelogue
4165-478: The few monks who can expound all four are provided with lay servants. Expounders of five texts have elephants for travel, while six texts entitles them to security retinue. Xuanzang describes Lampaka (modern Laghman , near the source of Kabul river) as the territory of north India, one whose circuit is more than 1000 li and where all monasteries studied Mahayana Buddhism. They have tens of Deva temples (Hindu) which heretics (non-Buddhists) frequent. To its southeast
4250-699: The five knowledges – first grammar, second technical skills which he states includes arts, mechanics, yin-yang and the calendar, third medicine, fourth being logic, and fifth field of knowledge taught is inner knowledge along with theory of cause and effect. After further similar introduction covering the diverse aspects of the Indian culture he observed, including fashion, hair styles, preference for being barefoot, ritual washing their hands after releasing bodily waste, cleaning teeth by chewing special tree twigs, taking baths before going to their temples, worshipping in their temples, their alphabet that contains forty seven letters,
4335-492: The founder of Dildarnagar . A considerable change occurred in this area when Sadat Ali Khan was made subedar of Avadh in 1722. Ghazipur thus passed under the sway of the Nawab of Awadh .During Sadat Ali Khan the Ghazipur had its Nawab name as Nawab Sheikh Abdullah and later his son Nawal Fazal Ali Khan . While Sheikh Abdullah's uncle name Mir Rustam Ali Khan was a Nizam of Banaras Subah . Sheikh Abdullah's family were also
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#17328695071344420-582: The founder of the Gahadvala dynasty who was, about 1090, occupied this region and Kannauj. His son Madanpala (1100–1114) and his son Govind Chandra (1114–1154) and his son Vijay Chandra (1154–1170) ruled over this region. Iltutmish conquered the region between 1210 and 1214 during his years as governor of Budaun . In 1322, it gone to the hand of Muhammad Bin Tughlaq and his successor Firoz Shah . In 1394 Khwaja Jahan in charge of Jaunpur government including
4505-411: The last one probably who the modern Ghazipur as adopted by Lord Cunninghum . The Chinese pilgrim Xuanzang had stated that a stupa was erected by Ashoka in the memory of Buddha who had been here in the district. Regarding the nomenclature of Ghazipur there has also been a version that it has its derivation from the word "Ghadi", who happened to be a Hindu king in the 9th century the original name of
4590-408: The later form of Mahayana prospered. According to Xuanzang, these monasteries of early Buddhist schools are desolate and attract few monks. He then reached the city of Hi-lo and Manglaur . In all these places, he mentions how the Buddha lived here in one of his previous lives (Jataka legends) and illustrated compassion-strength through his actions. There is a Buddhist temple northeast of Manglaur with
4675-455: The latter agreed to restore the territory of Ghazipur to Balwant Singh . After death of Balwant Singh on 23 August 1770, his son Chait Singh succeeded. In September 1773, the confirmation of Chait Singh in his paternal state was made by the Shuja-ud-Daula in presence of Warren Haistings . In 1775, a treaty between Asaf-ud-Daula and East India Company was made by which Ghazipur to cede to
4760-588: The loot. After the loot had thus been lost, they dispersed. Xuanzang thereafter reached the country of Kuchi . This country of 1000 li by 600 li, had over one hundred monasteries with five thousand monks following the Sarvastivada school of Hinayana Buddhism, and studying its texts in "original Indian language". Xuanzang writes of a dragon race and a region where water dragons metamorphose into horses to mate and create dragon-horses, also into men and mating with women nearby, creating dragon-men who could run as fast as
4845-606: The loss of property. The villagers help his companions and him by hosting them before the resume their journey. Yet, elsewhere, Xuanzang also recites the implausible tale of meeting a Brahmana who was 700 years old and had two associates, each over 100 years old, who had mastered all of the Vedas and the Buddhist Madhyamika sastra . He calls them heretics (non-Buddhists). These heretics help him and his companions get new garments and food. He stayed with this implausibly old Brahmana for
4930-511: The main city of Ghazipur in year 1820. According to the 2011 census Ghazipur district has a population of 3,620,268, roughly equal to the nation of Lithuania or the US state of Oklahoma . This gives it a ranking of 79th in India (out of a total of 640 ). Out of the total population males are 1,856,584 and females are 1,766,143. The area of the district is 3,378 km and it constitute 1.82% of
5015-404: The master of Hindustan after the battle of Panipat . The Afghans continued to hold sway in the east, including this district till 1559, Ali Quli Khan urf Khan Zaman subdued the region for his young sovereign and founded the town of Zamania , bringing the district of Ghazipur into his possession. In early 1565, Khan Zaman rebelled against Akbar, then Akbar crushed him and the government of Ghazipur
5100-509: The most important Mahayana scriptures. Xuanzang was born on 6 April 602 in Chenliu, near present-day Luoyang , in Henan province of China. As a boy, he took to reading religious books, and studying the ideas therein with his father. Like his elder brother, he became a student of Buddhist studies at Jingtu monastery. Xuanzang was ordained as a śrāmaṇera (novice monk) at the age of thirteen. Due to
5185-409: The phonetic equivalent of what previously has been variously interpreted as "Tianzhu" or "Shengdu" or "Xiandou". More recent scholarship suggests the closest pronunciation of the 7th-century term in his travelogues would be "Indu". Xuanzang states that India is a vast country over ninety thousand li in circuit, with seventy kingdoms, sea on three sides and snow mountains to its north. It is a land that
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#17328695071345270-460: The place was Gadhipura. But, Gandhipura was located little far from the present city of Ghazipur. According to one story Raja Mandhata was said to have been an heir (descendant) of Prithvi Raj of Delhi and was suffering from a skin disease and wanted to get rid of the affliction by bathing in the tank at Kathot. He did take bath under the direction of Brahmins and cured sometimes later. After overcoming his disease he settled in Ghazipur and built
5355-551: The political and social unrest caused by the fall of the Sui dynasty , he went to Chengdu in Sichuan , where he was ordained as a bhikṣu (full monk) at the age of twenty. He later travelled throughout China in search of sacred books of Buddhism. At length, he came to Chang'an , then under the peaceful rule of Emperor Taizong of Tang , where Xuanzang developed the desire to visit India. He knew about Faxian 's visit to India and, like him,
5440-458: The population of Uttar Pradesh. It has a population density of 1,072 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,780/sq mi). Its population growth rate over the decade 2001–2011 was 19.26%. Ghazipur has a sex ratio of 951 females for every 1,000 males, and a literacy rate of 74.27% (higher than the national average of 74.04%). Male literacy is 85.77% and female literacy is 62.29%. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes made up 20.07% and 0.79% of
5525-404: The population respectively. 92.44% of the total population is rural and 7.56% is urban. Out of the total population of 3,622,727, rural population is 3,348,855 and urban population is 273,872 (7.56%). Average literacy of rural population is 73.62% and that of urban population is 82.05%. Languages in Ghazipur district (2011) At the time of the 2011 Census of India , 66.16% of the population in
5610-456: The post. Both brother belonged to Kamsar region of Ghazipur which back then was a large Raja Zamindarana estate and had many jagirs under it during Mughal and Nawab times. In Akbar's time the Ghazipur government had great importance. After the death of Aurangzeb in 1707, as his successor Bahadur Shah I he brought Ghazipur directly under his sway. During Aurangzeb a large part of Ghazipur and Kamsar-O-Bar jagirs were given to Raja Deendar Khan,
5695-689: The prefect of Shangdang (上黨; present-day Changzhi , Shanxi ) during the Eastern Wei ; his grandfather Chen Kang (陳康) was a professor in the Taixue (Imperial Academy) during the Northern Qi . His father Chen Hui (陳惠) served as the magistrate of Jiangling County during the Sui dynasty . According to traditional biographies, Xuanzang displayed a superb intelligence and earnestness, studied with his father, and amazed him by his careful observance of filial piety after one such study about that topic. His elder brother
5780-533: The region in their hand. For nearly two centuries (from about 325 to 535 AD) this region formed part of the Gupta Empire . Chandragupta I (320–355 AD), Samundragupta , Chandragupta , Vikramaditya (376–415 AD), Kumargupta (415–455 AD), Skandagupta ruled over this region. In the middle of sixth century the Yashodharman of Malwa , the district had come under his meteoric sovereignty after which it passed under
5865-420: The region. Meghar Singh personally presented Amar Singh with a nazrana or gift worth Rs 20,000. During the mutiny the garrison at Ghazipur, however was the 65th native infantry which had returned from Burma but had not been affected by the representatives of the rebel leaders. In spite of the bad example set in other stations the men remained loyal to the British. The company also established an opium factory in
5950-565: The rule of the Maukharis of Kannauj . In the first half of the 7th century A.D. it had come under the Harsha , after the death of Harsha it had gone to the hand of Yashovarman of Kannau (690–740 AD). In 770 AD the district had gone to the Dharampala , king of Bengal and there after Devapala (810–850 AD). After him it gone under Bhojadeva (Cen. 836–882 AD) Gurjar Pratihar king of Kannauj . About
6035-447: The rulers of Qasimabad Estate . After the defeat of combined armies of Avadh , emperor, Mir Qasim , and administrator of Ghazipur Balwant Singh against British battle at Buxar (23 October 1764) a treaty made between Shah Alam and British at Varanasi on 29 October, whereby the province of Banaras including Ghazipur was transferred to East India Company . In 1765, an agreement made between Robert Clive and Shuja-ud-Daula whereby
6120-429: The s- or sh-like [ɕ] in today's Mandarin, was previously pronounced as the h-like [x] in early Mandarin, which accounts for the archaic transliterations with h . Another form of his official style was "Yuanzang", written 元奘. It is this form that accounts for such variants as Yuan Chang, Yuan Chwang, and Yuen Chwang. Tang Monk (Tang Seng) is also transliterated /Thang Seng/. Another of Xuanzang's standard aliases
6205-497: The same capital region, there is a Hinayana monastery with 300 monks at the northern foothills. The citizens of this country, adds Xuanzang, fondly recall "King Kanishka of Gandhara " (2nd-century CE, Kushan empire ). To its east are the "City of Svetavat temple" and the Aruna Mountain known for its frequent avalanches. His travelogue then describes several popular legends about a Naga king. He also describes miraculous events from
6290-480: The same goal, they study different subjects and use sharp words to argue. Each Buddhist sect has different set of rules and regulations for their monks. The monks who cannot expound a single text must do the routine monastic duties (cleaning monastery and such). Those who can expound one Buddhist text flawlessly is exempt from such duties. Those who can recite two texts, get better quality rooms. Monks who can expound three Buddhist texts get attendants to serve them, while
6375-629: The stupas and the Buddha images in this region as "magnificent" and made with "perfect craftmanship". Heading north towards Kashmir , he arrived in the city of Pushkalavati , with many holy Buddhist sites. Xuanzang worshipped at these "great stupas and big monasteries". Thereafter he reached the country of Udayana, through which flowed the Subhavastu river (now called Swat river). It had 1400 monasteries of five early Buddhist schools (of 18 sub-traditions) – Sarvastivada , Mahāsāṃghika , Kasyapiya, Mahisasaka and Dharmagupta. These schools became unpopular, as
6460-508: The sublime truth may also be known in the eastern country. — Xuanzang (Translator: Li Yung-hsi) In 630 CE, he arrived in the kingdom of Agni (Yanqi, in a place called Turpan ). Here he met the king, a Buddhist along with his uncle Jnanachandra and precept Mokshagupta, who tried to persuade him to quit his journey and teach them Buddhist knowledge. He declined and they equipped him further for his travels with letters of introduction and valuables to serve as funds. Xuanzang observed that
6545-421: Was a 7th-century Chinese Buddhist monk , scholar, traveler, and translator. He is known for the epoch-making contributions to Chinese Buddhism , the travelogue of his journey to India in 629–645, his efforts to bring at least 657 Indian texts to China, and his translations of some of these texts. He was only able to translate 75 distinct sections of a total of 1335 chapters, but his translations included some of
6630-583: Was already a monk in a Buddhist monastery. Inspired, at a young age, Xuanzang expressed interest in becoming a Buddhist monk like his brother. After the death of his father in 611, he lived with his older brother Chen Su ( Chinese : 陳素 ), later known as Zhangjie ( Chinese : 長捷 ), for five years at Jingtu Monastery ( Chinese : 淨土寺 ) in Luoyang , supported by the Sui state. During this time he studied Mahayana as well as various early Buddhist schools . In 618,
6715-564: Was concerned about the incomplete and misinterpreted nature of the Buddhist texts that had reached China. He was also concerned about the competing Buddhist theories in variant Chinese translations. He sought original untranslated Sanskrit texts from India to help resolve some of these issues. At age 27, he began his seventeen-year overland journey to India. He defied his nation's ban on travel abroad, making his way through central Asian cities such as Khotan to India. He visited, among other places,
6800-440: Was crowned, his younger brother Jalal Khan declared himself king of Jaunpur and remained independent for a considerable time. After the battle of Panipat (21 April 1526), the rule of Lodi dynasty came to an end Babur became the ruler of Delhi. He sent Humayun to the east. He came to Jaunpur and punished Nasir Khan and obliged him to flee from Ghazipur , which came into Humayun possession, but he short stayed here as he
6885-583: Was over one thousand foot long. The people and the king of this valley serve the Buddhist monks, records Xuanzang. Heading east and crossing the Black range, Xuanzang describes the country of Kapishi , where the Mahayana tradition of Buddhism had come in vogue. It had over 100 monasteries with stupas. More than 6000 monks, mostly Mahayana, studied here. Along with these Buddhist monasteries, states his travelogue, there were over ten Deva temples (Hindu) with "heretical believers who go about naked and smear dust over their bodies", translates Li Rongxi. Furthermore, in
6970-522: Was recalled by the Emperor Babur to fight against Rajputs and Afghans . District was soon recaptured by the Afghans, so Babur left Agra on 20 January 1529 and reached Ghazipur . Soon after his return Babur died and his successor Humayun had come to the east where Afghan was rising in which Sher Shah was also included. Humayun had defeated all Afghans including Sher Khan ( Sher Shah) and by an agreement
7055-428: Was recovered. Kartivirya offered a sacrifice in atonement of his sin. The early political history of this region is complex, Purans and Mahabharat , classical Sanskrit texts, the early Jain and Buddhist texts have given information in this regard. The Jains also testify to the greatness of the region under Kashi king Ashwasena as the father of Tirthankara Parshvanath. During the two or three centuries preceding
7140-421: Was then given to Munim Khan Khan-i-Khanan who administered his territories with great success for many years. After Munim Khan the charge was Given to Sarkar Dewan Raja Quttul Khan jagirdar during late rule of Akbar in 1600 and then to Quttul's cousin, Daud Khan. Quttul Khan was a Sarkar or Governor of Ghazipur Sarkar, Dewan of Bihar and a Jagirdar of Ghazipur. After the death of Quttul his cousin handled all
7225-550: Was young. Taking the monastic name Xuanzang, he was fully ordained as a monk in 622, at the age of twenty. The myriad contradictions and discrepancies in the Chinese translations at that time prompted Xuanzang to decide to go to India and study in the cradle of Buddhism. He knew about Faxian 's visit to India and, like him, sought original untranslated Sanskrit texts from India to help resolve some of these issues. Xuanzang started his pilgrimage to India in either 627 or 629 CE, according to two East Asian versions. The 627 CE version
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