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52-661: Tapp is the name of the face-down stack of cards in the middle of the table – in other games known as the talon or stock . The names of other card games are also derived from it, including Tappu or Tappä for the Swiss Tarock variant of Troggu , as well as the Austrian Stubaital valley game of Dobbm and the south German game of Tapp which was an attempt to play Tapp Tarock with ordinary cards. Other names for Tapp Tarock were Taroc(k)-Tapp(en) , Taroc(k)tappen or just Tappen or Tapper . An older name or name of

104-416: A talon ( [taˈlɔ̃] ; French for "heel") is a stack of undealt cards that is placed on the table to be used during the game. Depending on the game or region, they may also be referred to as the blind , kitty , skat , stock , tapp or widow (US). In 1909, Meyers Lexicon described the talon as "the cards left over after dealing..." In games of chance, such as Pharo , it is "the stock of cards which

156-448: A Tarok when discarding to the skat or if a player has no other Taroks and is thus entitled to a redeal. During the game the Scies may be played at any time, its owner stating the suit it represents. If neither opponent can follow suit, the next player in turn may re-designate the suit for that trick. When the Scies is played it never wins the trick, but is recovered and the trick winner is given

208-455: A low card from Scies player's trick pile in exchange. A player may demand that the Scies is played to the antepenultimate trick, but there is a penalty for getting this wrong. It may not be played to the penultimate trick and, if played to the last, it is captured by the trick winner. A Nolo is the achievement of failing to take any tricks and earns a special bonus. It invalidates any ultimos by another player; but losing an ultimo still incurs

260-472: A number of sources. Once again it is a three-hand game, but this time dealing and play are clockwise. Dealer distributes all the cards in packets of five, leaving himself with the last eight cards. He then discards three cards which must not include a King or Tarok 21. He must not discard any other Taroks unless he has the Pagat (Tarok 1) and no more than 2 others. Beginning with the dealer, players may make any of

312-485: A penalty. The following declarations are possible: Play is to the right and forehand (right of dealer) leads to the first trick. Players must follow suit or trump if unable (here the Scies may be counted as a Tarok but does not win the trick). A player need not head the trick but may underforce . The trick winner leads to the next trick. The Scies may be used as a wild card in declarations or during play. It may be used in more than one declaration. It does not count as

364-544: A player loses the Pagat during the game, he pays a penalty of 5 points to each adversary. If it is lost in the last trick, he pays 10 points. However, if he wins the last trick with the Pagat, he is paid a bonus of 10 points from each opponent. The Excuse cannot be beaten nor can it win a trick. But its owner may play it at any time instead of another card. He retrieves the Excuse from the trick, lays it away in his own trick pile and gives

416-476: A predecessor game was Pagatjagen ; a 42-card variant was Zwölfertarock and a variant with 40 cards was Einfaches Tarock . Because the announcement "ich tappe" ("I'll tapp") referred to the lowest level of the game which was soon dropped, it became fashionable to name the game after the next highest level, Dreiern , Dreierl or Dreierles , names which are prevalent to this day in Baden-Württemberg . In

468-415: Is a player's turn. A player whose has been overcalled may, when the turn rotates around again, may " hold " ( halte ich ) it, i.e. announce an intention to take over the higher contract from the later bidder. A player who has passed may not re-enter the bidding. The highest bidder becomes the declarer , noting that, if the highest bid was held, the holder is the declarer. In a Dreier, Unterer and Oberer ,

520-461: Is anticlockwise starting with forehand. Players must follow suit if able; otherwise must play a trump. Lacking both, the player may discard any card. The normal Tarock scoring scheme is used i.e. the cards taken in tricks (including any talon cards) are grouped in packets of three. If one or two are left over they should be low cards ( Blatt ) i.e. ie. pip cards or ordinary (non-Trull) Tarocks and are worth 1 ⁄ 3 point each. Each packet

572-407: Is may be played at any time to any trick. Normally it is retrieved by its owner and a low card given to the trick winner in exchange from the trick pile; however, if played to the last three tricks it is captured by the trick winner. There are also options for players to announce a Vole beforehand; if successful, this scores 52 if announced before the 1st trick, 38 if before the 13th and 31 if before

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624-421: Is no evidence of 54-card games being played in northern Germany and Denmark where Grosstarock was popular in the late 18th and early 19th century, so it may be that the name arose in southern Germany or Austria and migrated north with the game or that the name was coined to avoid confusion with Tarok l'Hombre which was popular across Germany as stated in contemporary sources such as the 1838 ladies' encyclopaedia,

676-505: Is no longer made with 78 cards. As a result, Danish Tarok players today use French Tarot Nouveau cards. In all cases the packs comprise the following cards: Note that, in some rules, all suits were ranked in their natural order with Aces low. In addition, present-day Danish players also use two pots and coloured jetons for scoring. The aim in every case is to score points by capturing counting cards in tricks and to earn bonuses through declarations and certain accomplishments during

728-565: Is played in a form that Martin argues is close to the original German Grosstarock. The Danes produced their own Tarok cards from the mid-18th century, initially based on the Bavarian Animal Tarot pattern and later to Jacob Holmblad's own design, but manufacture of all Danish Tarok cards had ceased by 1939, so nowadays they use imported French Tarot Nouveau packs. In 2010, the Danish Tarock Association ( Dansk Tarokforbund )

780-610: Is played with the 54-card Industrie und Glück Tarot pack . This includes 22 trumps numbered with Roman numerals except for the highest trump, the Sküs (Fool). The second highest trump, the XXI, is called the Mond , while the lowest trump I, is the Pagat . The Sküs , Mond , and Pagat are together known as the Trull or honours and are worth 5 points each. The other trumps are worth 1 point each. Each of

832-617: Is probably the oldest tarock variant in which five basic features of tarock are found together: The conversion of the Sküs was completed, according to the tarot expert Michael Dummett , in Austria. In Troggu , the older Swiss tarot game, the Fool can function as the highest trump or as the excuse. The introduction of the Pagat Ultimo , according to card game historian John McLeod, is believed to have come from

884-827: Is recorded, as Tarocktappen , as early as 1806 in a comic opera written by the Viennese poet and playwright Joachim Perinet , Die neue Alzeste and in an anthology of letters (also as Taroktappen ), both published in Vienna. It is also mentioned in another comic opera by Karl Meisl , Amor und Psyche , published in Pest (now Budapest ) in 1820, where the character Jupiter refers to Tarocktappen . The first description of its rules, however, appears in Theoretisch-praktische Anweisung zur gründlichen Erlernung des beliebten Tarok-Tappen Spiels , published in Vienna in 1821. Tapp Tarock

936-405: Is scored and 2 card points deducted. The packet totals are added together to give the player(s) overall score. The declarer must score at least 35 2 ⁄ 3 = 36 points (rounded up) to win the game. The Pagat Ultimo bonus is awarded as per the table to whoever takes it if it is played to the last trick. An announced Pagat Ultimo is only won if achieved; if the declarer loses it at any point,

988-499: The Damen Conversations Lexikon . As Tarok l'Hombre became more popular among the middle classes during the 19th century, Grosstarock continued to be played by the common folk, which may have resulted in another name for it: Schustertaroc or Schuster Tarock (literally: "Cobbler's Tarock"). In Germany and Austria, Grosstarock continued to be played throughout the 19th century. Dummett believed that it did not survive

1040-601: The Besançon pattern tarots which were introduced from the Alsace , but were made in Germany as early as the 1720s. They were followed by the earliest animal tarots utilizing Lyonnais face cards , made around 1740 in Strasbourg and also in Germany up to the early 19th century. The Bavarian animal tarot was designed by Andreas Benedict Göbl of Munich , Bavaria around 1765. He replaced

1092-636: The First World War , but Hülsemann states in 1930 that Grosstarock was still popular in southern Germany and Austria, while in 1892, the Coburger Zeitung confirms that Tarok is only native to Austria and Bavaria. Neither country produces 78-card Tarock packs any longer. The game was known in Denmark as early as 1770 where it was played at the royal court. The first rules were published in 1786, and by 1840 they already included features that are peculiar to

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1144-424: The 20th trick. Failure incurs the same penalty in reverse. A Nolo may also be announced; if successful, scoring 36 if announced before the 1st trick and 31 if before the 13th. If it fails, the normal payments for bonuses, penalties and card points are made; in addition, a 10-point penalty is incurred if it was announced before the 1st trick and 5 points if before the 13th trick. All bonuses are paid by both opponents to

1196-462: The Animal Tarot or other early Tarock patterns which are occasionally printed. The following is summary of the early rules: The game is played between three players. Four may play with one player in turn, known as the 'King', sitting out for the deal. Play is anticlockwise. The dealer distributes 5 rounds of 5 cards each, keeping the last 8 cards himself. He then discards 3 cards which count to him at

1248-594: The Danish variant, such as separate pots for the King and Pagat ultimo. The Danes also retained the anticlockwise mode of play and adopted a very wide range of declarations, although some authors counselled against having too many. The game is still played in Denmark today where it is usually called Tarok . However, this game is also referred to – for clarification – in English as Danish Tarok or Danish Tarock . The modern Danish game

1300-612: The Lyonnais face cards with the Bavarian version of the Paris pattern . Though widely copied and becoming the most widespread animal tarot, it died out in the early 19th century, so players may have switched to the Belgian Animal Tarot pattern or to other patterns such as Wüst's Bourgeois Tarot . Despite their names, both originated in Germany. The Belgian pattern continued to be made until

1352-414: The ancient Italian game of Trappola , which was widely played in Austria as the variant Hundertspiel . The original 1821 rules only had 3 positive bids: Tapper , Dreier and Solo . Tapper was the lowest bid – announced by saying "I'll tap" ( ich tappe ) or just tapping on the table – and originally entitled the declarer to exchange with all six cards of the talon and count the discards to his total at

1404-517: The banker draws on" . The talon is usually a pack of cards, placed face down, in the middle of the card table . In other games, there are however very different variations, for example in Königrufen . Talons may be placed face up or face down. Parlett describes a kitty as "the pool or pot being played for" or "a dead hand or widow". He also equates talon to stock as the "cards which are not dealt initially but may be drawn from or dealt out later in

1456-409: The bidding which rotates anticlockwise. There are four legal positive bids which, in ascending order, are: Forehand announces " pass " ( ich passe ) or " Dreier! " ( ich spiele einen Dreier ). If forehand passes, subsequent players have the same options. Once a Dreier is bid, a later player must pass or overcall with the next higher bid, except that " Solo " may be bid at the first opportunity when it

1508-401: The cards to the left for cutting . After the cut, the dealer places the top six cards face down on the table in two crosswise packets of three; this is the talon . Next, the dealer distributes 16 cards to each player, anticlockwise, in packets of four and beginning with forehand (to the right). If the cutter 'knocks', the dealer deals each player sixteen cards in one packet. Forehand opens

1560-406: The dealer must show them. Taroks may only be discarded if it leaves the dealer void in that suit, may never be discarded. If a Tarok is discarded, the dealer must disclose the fact. Following the discard, all players must declare any scoring combinations in their hands, the dealer going first. Players are paid the score shown by each opponent . Failing to make a declaration when you could, incurs

1612-400: The declarer exposes both talon halves and may pick up either half before discarding three cards; these count to the declarer at the end. The discards may not include kings or Trull cards. Tarocks may only be discarded if the declarer has no option; in which case they must be shown to the defenders . The unused half of the talon is set aside, face down, and counts towards the defenders score at

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1664-474: The defenders each score the bonus. The game values and bonus points are as follows: The game value or bonus is paid by each defender to the declarer if the latter won it. Otherwise the declarer pays it to each defender. There are many variants which are developments or elaborations of Tapp Tarock, the most common today being Dreiertarock and Illustrated Tarock which have more complex rules in bidding and contracts. Talon (cards) In card games ,

1716-430: The end. In a Solo , the declarer plays without the aid of the talon, which is set aside and counts towards to the defenders at the end. The game values of the different contracts are given below . The declarer may make either of two announcements before play begins. These increase risk because the defenders gain information, but they score bonus points if the declarer succeeds. The possible announcements are: Play

1768-714: The end. By the time the rules had been printed, a Tapper was usually not played out; the declarer simply received the game points for it and the deal passed to the next player in turn. However, a 1920 source suggests that the Tapper bid may have lingered on into the early 20th century, although by then "it was hardly ever played". By 1838, Tapp Tarock had become sufficiently popular in south Germany that Tap-Taroc packs were being advertised by C. Diehl of Darmstadt. Likewise in 1872, Tap-Tarock cards were being sold in Karlsruhe alongside Tarock, Whist and Piquet packs. Dummett believed that

1820-647: The end. They must not include any Kings or Tarocs unless he only has exactly 3 Tarocs including the Pagat , in which case they may be discarded. In addition, a combination of the Pagat, Sckis or Excuse (the Fool) and another Taroc is a legal discard. There are penalties for misdealing. Opening with the dealer, players now make any of the following declarations which earn payments from each opponent in 'game points' as shown: Declarations must be made before play starts, otherwise they do not count. Players must follow suit, or trump if unable; otherwise they may discard any card. If

1872-403: The following announcements which score points as shown: The player to the left of the dealer leads to the first trick; thereafter the winner of the trick leads to the next one. Players must follow suit, or trump if unable, but there is no compulsion to win a trick. Tricks are won by the highest Tarok or, if no Tarok is played, the highest card of the suit led. The Sküs may not take a trick, but

1924-432: The four plain suits comprises four courts – king , queen , cavalier and jack – and four pip cards . They rank as follows: The kings are worth 5 points, queens 4, knights 3, jacks 2, and pip cards 1. The following rules for modern Tapp Tarock are based on Mayr and Sedlaczek (2001): Seating and first dealer may be determined by lot . Deal and play are anticlockwise. The dealer shuffles and offers

1976-720: The game continued to be played in Germany until the end of the 19th century and certainly in continued to be recorded in German and Austria compendia throughout the 19th and 20th centuries. After the Second World War , more complicated variants such as Illustrated Tarock were developed and, today, Dreiertarock is its tournament equivalent. Tapp Tarock may have experienced a brief vogue in Switzerland for, by 1841, 54-card packs for Tap-Taroc were being produced by F.G. Halbmeyer of Aarau , alongside 78-card packs for Gross Taroc . The game

2028-399: The game is first described in the 1783 edition of Das neue Königliche l'Hombre which, for the first time, records a feature whereby a player taking no tricks is able to score all the points. Dummett sees this as the distinguishing mark of the game he calls Grosstarock and believes that this name was not introduced until the mid-19th century. More recent research has revealed that, in fact,

2080-447: The late 19th century the name Zeco was also used. That suggests a link with Cego , which refers to the Blind , as the talon is known in that game. Tapp , also called Württemberg Tarock, is a south German game that is not a member of the true Tarock family but may have originated as an attempt to play a form of three-handed Tarock with a standard 36-card, German-suited pack . Tapp Tarock

2132-584: The late 19th century, while the Bourgeois Tarot is still made, but only in a 54-card version. However, a facsimile of a Russian derivative of the 78-card Bavarian Animal Tarot pattern ( Russisches Tiertarock ) is available from Piatnik . Around 1800, double-ended versions of the Bavarian Paris pattern appeared. Of these the Adler Cego pattern is the only animal tarot pattern still in common use, but it

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2184-456: The led suit. If a player takes no tricks but has the Excuse at the end, he is paid 4 points from each adversary. The game is scored in 'game points'. These must not be confused with 'card points' which represent the value of individual cards and are used to determine who won the deal and by how much. Scoring works as follows: Dummett describes Grosstarock rules in Ten Tarot Games , based on

2236-462: The name Grosstarock was being used far earlier than that. For example, it is recorded in 1785 that "Großtarock" was one of several card games played in Göttingen , and, in 1803, a Professor Wildt wrote that "the so-called Gross-Taroc , in which 6 to 7 ultimo’s are possible, and several are tried at the same time, really requires more mental effort than the usual chess game." Meanwhile German authors use

2288-455: The play". The following are examples of games and the term usually used for talon. They are taken from Parlett unless otherwise indicated: This card game –related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Gross Taroc Grosstarock ( German : Großtarock ) is an old three-handed card game of the Tarock family played with a full 78-card Tarot pack. It

2340-547: The play. The earliest rules in German for a Tarock game were published in 1754 in Regeln bey dem Taroc-Spiele . They were reprinted in the 1755 edition of the games compendium, Palamedes Redivivus , and elaborated in Die Kunst, die Welt (1756). Although German Grosstarock packs are no longer produced, the game may be played using the standard 78-card, French Tarot pack which is readily available, or using 78-card facsimile packs of

2392-563: The player who earns them and all penalties are paid to both opponents by the player who incurs them. The following rules are based on those published in 2011 by the Danish Tarok Association who point out that rule variations are permitted and that each local club may have its own version of the rules. In addition to the card pack, Danish Tarok also makes use of two pots – a King pot and a Pagat pot – and jetons for scoring, ideally with denominations of 5, 10, 20 and 100 points. At

2444-564: The start of the game, each player antes 20 points into each pot and lots are drawn to decide the first dealer. If either pot is empty, everyone antes 20 points to it, otherwise the dealer tops it up with a 5 point stake. The dealer then deals all the cards out, to the right in packets of five. He then takes the 3 remaining cards into his hand and must lays away 3 cards to the skat . The skat must not contain any matadors (Pagat, Scies, Tarok 21) or Kings, and must not include any cards used in declarations unless this cannot be avoided, in which case

2496-413: The term more widely; for example, Mayr and Sedlaczek refer to the 1754 rules as the "oldest surviving form" of Grosstarock, while Alscher describes the Danish version as "Danish Grosstarock". According to Dummett, the name 'Grosstarock' ("Great Tarock") was coined at a time when the 78-card game was being threatened by competition from newer games played with a shortened, 54-card pack. However, there

2548-405: The trick winner a low card of his choice, from his tricks, in exchange. The Excuse must be played by the 3rd last trick. If it is held until that point and its owner is on lead, he must surrender the lead to the player on his right and play the Excuse in his turn. In addition, the Excuse may not be held when its owner has run out of Tarocs, but must be played to the next trick in which he is void in

2600-454: Was a simple, three-hander with no bidding but several card combinations, as can be seen from descriptions in the 1750s. However, it differed from its French predecessor in having significantly fewer declarations; in addition, the Fool had to be played before the last three tricks, not just before the final trick, and there was a new emphasis on the Pagat Ultimo bonus. The next development of

2652-576: Was formed and, today, there are local clubs in Aarhus , Aalborg , Allerød , Blovstrød , Brabrand , Fredericia , Hjørring , Holbæk , Kalundborg (the Royal Tarock Club and the Kalundborg Tarock Club), Nørrebro , Randers and Westre . Grosstarock is played with a French suited pack of 78 cards. Originally these were of the German animal tarot type. The earliest pattern may have been

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2704-718: Was probably introduced into the southern German states around 1720 but spread rapidly into Austria and northwards as far as the Netherlands and Scandinavia . It only survives today in Denmark where it is called Tarok . Classical Grosstarock is not related to the modern 54-card game known as Viennese Grosstarock which developed out of Zwanzigerrufen . This form of Tarot game was introduced into Germany from France around 1720, its initial terminology and mode of play being typically French. The original game - which may be referred to as classical Taroc ( Tarocspiel or Taroc-Spiel ) -

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