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68-765: The Tampaón River , also known as the Tamuin River , is a river in northeastern Mexico. It is a principal tributary of the Pánuco River , draining portions of San Luis Potosí Guanajuato , Querétaro , and Veracruz states. It is formed by the confluence of the Santa Maria River and the Rio Verde , which originate on the Mexican Plateau and flow through canyons in the Sierra Madre Oriental . The rivers join in

136-535: A Conservative Government in Mexico City ; through the promulgation of Five Laws repealed the liberal reforms. Liberal were forced to move the seat of government to Guanajuato . Armies of the two opposing governments clashed in the Reform War . States of Jalisco , Guanajuato , Querétaro , Michoacán , Nuevo León , Coahuila , Tamaulipas , Colima and Veracruz supported the liberal government of Benito Juárez and

204-448: A day to help them expand their mining efforts. Currently the Huichol people are trying to find outside groups to help them in the conservation of their land and culture by protecting this mountain. The coat of arms of the state shows Louis IX of France, after whom the state was named, standing on a hill in the town of Cerro de San Pedro , where gold and silver were discovered. The state

272-516: A free state. In December 1856, Pope Pius IX denounced the new Constitution and criticized the Juárez Law and the Lerdo Law : "All privileges of ecclesiastical jurisdiction are removed; it establishes that no one can absolutely enjoy emoluments that are a serious burden for society; everyone who can be bound by any obligation that implies either a contract, or a promise, or religious vows is prohibited;

340-479: A jade-green color. San Luis Potos%C3%AD It is located in eastern and central Mexico and is bordered by seven other Mexican states: Nuevo León to the north; Tamaulipas to the north-east; Veracruz to the east; Hidalgo , Querétaro and Guanajuato to the south; and Zacatecas to the north-west. In addition to the capital city, other major cities in the state include Ciudad Valles , Matehuala , Rioverde , and Tamazunchale . In pre-Columbian times,

408-471: A liberal group protesting the regime placed on the balcony of the offices of the newspaper El hijo de El Ahuizote a great black banner for mourning with the legend "The Constitution is dead." Less well known is that Reform liberals, including Benito Juárez and Ignacio Comonfort saw the flaws of the 1857 constitution, which undercut the power of the executive. With the triumph of the Constitutionalists on

476-571: A manufacturing presence in San Luis Potosí since 1980 and employs nearly 2,000 people there. ABB Group multinational in Mexico moved its headquarters from Mexico City to San Luis Potosí in 2007. Throughout the state, major industrial parks can be seen, especially in highly urbanized areas such as the capital, San Luis Potosí, and other major cities. The minimum wage in the state is 66.45 pesos per day as of 2015. The state of San Luis Potosí reports

544-637: A plant under construction, San Luis Potosí Assembly , to employ up to 1,800 people which will have the capacity to produce up to 160,000 vehicles per year, or about 440 cars per day. The new plant in San Luis Potosí is an important pillar of the BMW Group's global production strategy who aim to achieve a balance in our production and sales in the different world regions. Its grand opening on June 7, 2019, created 1,500 jobs, eco friendly by being supplied with 100% of CO2 free electricity, and produce 150,000 (3 series model only) vehicles annually. Cummins has also had

612-412: A population of 2,822,255 people. The population growth rate from 2010 to 2013 was about 3.6%. The state's population is relatively young, 60% of its residents being under 30 years of age. The state reports a life expectancy rate similar to the national average, that is, 72 years for men, and 77 years of age for women. Regarding cultural and ethnic diversity, 15% of the state population is indigenous, and

680-557: A publication now in the public domain :  Chisholm, Hugh , ed. (1911). " San Luis Potosí (state) ". Encyclopædia Britannica . Vol. 24 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 152. Federal Constitution of the United Mexican States of 1857 The Political Constitution of the Mexican Republic of 1857 ( Spanish : Constitución Política de la República Mexicana de 1857 ), often called simply

748-545: A special law relating to the procedure and regulation of an amparo suit should be enacted subsequently. This law of Amparo was divided into four sections: 1) violations of individual rights; 2) violations of state sovereignty; 3) violations of the Power of the Union; and 4) decisions and sentences. The first Amparo Law had little effect due to the French intervention, first by the war in which

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816-431: A subsidiary of Canadian company New Gold , announced plans to start open pit mining at Cerro San Pedro . There was major opposition to the project, but in 2007, the mine started operating, and was still both active and disputed as of 2016. One of the mountains within the state's declared National Sacred Site, Wirikuta , is being purchased for silver mining by a Canadian company, First Majestic Silver . The mountain

884-519: A three-month period from June 1901 to August 1901 there were 957 amparo suits heard and decided. In 1897, the first Federal Code of Civil Procedure was enacted, which included an Amparo suit, thus effectively repealing the 1882 law, followed by a similar Federal Code of Civil Procedure provision in 1908, which reflected the jurisprudence of the Supreme Court. The writ of Amparo legislation transformed Amparo from "an instrument lacking precise contours to

952-487: A true proceeding directed at violative official acts, with a particular emphasis placed on the protection of life and liberty of the citizens." The 1857 Constitution served as an important model for the subsequent current 1917 constitution , establishing a firm foundation for the amparo. The 1917 constitution largely tracks the 1857 constitution in order of article and text, only argumenting and clarifying certain clauses. Therefore, both of these amaro provisions featured in

1020-490: A year. President Comonfort interfered through its ministers for the moderate faction, which he preferred. Despite opposition from the executive branch and the minority, pure liberals ensured that their proposals successfully included: the prohibition of purchase of property by ecclesiastical corporations, the exclusion of the clergy in public office, the abolition of ecclesiastical and military fueros ( Juárez Law ), and freedom of religion . Those reforms were contrary to

1088-537: Is about 1,800 m (6,000 ft), ensuring a mostly temperate climate. The state lies partly within the arid zone of the north, while the southern half receiving more rainfall through the influence of the Nortes , which deliver significant amounts of rain. The rainfall, however, is uncertain at the western and northern regions, and much of the state does not have major rivers. The soil is fertile and in favorable seasons large crops of wheat, maize, beans and cotton are grown on

1156-670: Is an important site for the Huichol ceremonial migration, Peyote hunt, and deer dance. On October 27, 2000, the United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) claimed this site as a protected area for its importance as a cultural route and endemic flora and fauna species. Later on June 9, 2001, it was declared as a National Sacred Site under the State of San Luis Potosí's Natural Protection Act. First Majestic Silver Corp. still decided to purchase mineral rights on November 13, 2009, with 80% of their interest within

1224-699: The Plan of Tacubaya , which sought repeal of the Constitution and the convening of a new Constituent Congress. During the coup against the Congress and the Constitution, several ministers of Presidential Cabinet resigned. The president of the Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation , Benito Juárez , and the president of Congress , Isidoro Olvera, were taken prisoner. On December 19, Mexican President Ignacio Comonfort adhered to

1292-575: The Catholic Church and indigenous communities , incorporating the legal thrust of the Lerdo Law into the constitution. A number of articles were contrary to the traditional powers of the Catholic Church, such as the ending of Catholicism as official religion , the nationwide establishment of secular public education, the removal of institutional fueros (legal privileges), and the forced sale of Church property. Conservatives strongly opposed

1360-494: The Constitution of 1857 , was the liberal constitution promulgated in 1857 by Constituent Congress of Mexico during the presidency of Ignacio Comonfort . Ratified on February 5, 1857, the constitution established individual rights , including universal male suffrage , and others such as freedom of speech , freedom of conscience , freedom of the press , freedom of assembly , and the right to bear arms . It also reaffirmed

1428-583: The Mexican Revolution , the Constitutionalists fought in the name of the Constitution of 1857, with the explicit understanding that they fought for constitutional order. During the Porfiriato, Díaz had strengthened the power of the executive and place his loyalists in power in most Mexican state governments, creating a centralized government. Díaz's critics viewed him as a dictator. On February 5, 1903,

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1496-560: The Pánuco River , which divides San Luis Potosí from the north-eastern state of Tamaulipas ). The surface of the plateau is comparatively level, with some low mountainous wooded ridges. The Sierra Madre Oriental runs north and south through the state, and separates the Mexican Plateau from the Gulf Coastal Plain to the east. The Sierra Madre Oriental is home to the Sierra Madre Oriental pine-oak forests . The easternmost portion of

1564-446: The Real de Minas potosino has driven the industrial engines in the state of San Luis Potosí, and as such, nowadays basic metallurgy still has the largest contribution within the gross domestic product of the entity. The main metals and products extracted across mines are zinc, copper, lead, gold, silver, mercury, manganese, and arsenic. Other major industries following the mining lead are in

1632-485: The abolition of slavery , debtors' prisons , and all forms of cruel and unusual punishment such as the death penalty . The constitution was designed to guarantee a limited central government by federalism and created a strong national congress, an independent judiciary , and a small executive to prevent a dictatorship . Liberal ideals meant the constitution emphasized private property of individuals and sought to abolish common ownership by corporate entities, mainly

1700-461: The pure and released Juárez and other political prisoners. On January 11, 1858, Comonfort resigned and left with a guard for Veracruz . On 7 February, he sailed for exile in the United States. As head of the Supreme Court, Juárez became president of Mexico on 21 January 1858. Conservatives refused to recognize the new constitution or the liberal government. Conservative Félix Zuloaga established

1768-600: The "second father of Amparo ) were members of the six-member committee appointed to draft up the new 1857 Federal Constitution, that abrogated the Seven Laws ("Siete Leyes"). Borrowing the Yucatán's Constitution, Otero promoted an Amparo procedure, known as the Fórmula Otero , on the national level as part of the Act of Reforms (" Spanish : Acta de Reformas ") (Article 25 ), which

1836-569: The Constitution of 1857. States of México , Puebla , San Luis Potosí , Chihuahua , Durango , Tabasco , Tlaxcala , Chiapas , Sonora , Sinaloa , Oaxaca and Yucatán supported the conservative government of Zuloaga. After the Liberal government won the Reform War , President Juárez and his government added to the Constitution of 1857, the Reform Laws that had been enacted in Veracruz . Because of

1904-551: The Federal Constitution of 1824 (which made no mention of amparo ), to operate while the next constitution was drafted (1857 constitution). The 1857 constitution was Mexico's first "constitutionalization" of a writ of Amparo . Amparo is the Spanish word for "protection" (literally also "favor", "aid", "defence", "shelter" or "help" ). The generic legal concept of " amparo " is the annunciation of individual guarantees, and

1972-520: The Homeland , for having contributed important leaders and ideas during the struggle with the United States. During the Reform War , state involvement was very prominent, and during the French Intervention in 1863, the city of San Luis Potosí became the capital of the country under the order of President Benito Juárez . During the regime of Maximilian, San Luis became an important location. The city

2040-514: The Juárez Law and the disposals of the Lerdo Law but demanded the ability to acquire political rights. The negotiations were interrupted by the resignation of President Comonfort. In Mexico, the Congress presided over by Valentín Gómez Farías and the head of the Executive Comonfort swore the Constitution on 5 February 1857, which was promulgated on 11 March. Despite the fact that Comonfort won

2108-636: The Mayor and the City Council to surrender the city of San Luis to the Army of the Three Guarantees of Agustín de Iturbide (Ejercito de las Tres Garantias de Iturbide), who at the time was emperor of Mexico. They submitted to his demand, as there was no way to resist, and thus proclamation of Independence of San Luis Potosí was declared. The first Constitution of San Luis Potosí was then written on October 16, 1826, and

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2176-588: The Ramos district, the Cocinera lode was said to have had a total yield of over $ 60,000,000 in the first decade of the 20th century. The State of San Luis Potosí is divided into 58 municipalities ( Spanish : municipios ), each headed by a municipal president (mayor). These are similar in function to counties . Is it so divided into four zones municipalities Altiplano (Highlands), Centro (centre), Media and Huasteca zone The state has several protected elements included in

2244-721: The Sierra to form the Tampaón and it continues east, emerging onto the Gulf Coastal Plain , where it is joined by tributaries that drain the wetter eastern slopes of the Sierra Madre. It winds eastwards to join the Moctezuma River and form the Pánuco River in Veracruz state. The eastern slopes of the Sierra are formed mostly of porous limestone, and the dissolved limestone gives the river

2312-671: The age of 15 yield a 28% dropout rate of primary school. Children under the age of 14 years have a 4% school dropout rate. The literacy rate is about 90.8%, most of the illiterate being the older generation. There is only one major university in the state, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí (UASLP). Other higher education institutions include: Newspapers of San Luis Potosí include: Diario Regional El Mañana de Valles , El Sol de San Luis , Esto del Centro , Gran Diario Regional Zona Media El Mañana de Rioverde , La Jornada de San Luis , La Prensa del Centro , and Pulso Diario de San Luis. Ponciano Arriaga International Airport serves

2380-586: The call to move the headquarters to Mexico City . The Congress was divided between two main factions. Most members were moderate liberals and planned to restore the Constitution of 1824 with some changes. Some of the prominent figures were Mariano Arizcorreta, Marcelino Castañeda, Joaquín Cardoso, and Pedro Escudero y Echánove. Their opponents the pure liberals , who wanted to make a completely-new constitution. Among them were Ponciano Arriaga , Guillermo Prieto , Francisco Zarco , José María Mata , and Santos Degollado . The discussions were heated and lasted over

2448-550: The capital of San Luis Potosí (named the same) with a variety of domestic and international daily flights. Other cities such as Matehuala , Tamuin and Rioverde also have airports but they only serve domestic flights. Besides airports, the state has an extensive road network, like the rest of the country. Most of the roads are paved in urban areas and highways. Some small towns, however, have cobblestone streets. Arts and sciences Politics Sports Journalism [REDACTED]   This article incorporates text from

2516-545: The civil war, the Constitution remained without effect on almost all the country until January, 1861, when the Liberals returned to the capital. In 1862, as a result of Franco-Mexican War and the establishment of Second Mexican Empire , the Constitution was suspended. In 1867 the liberal, republican forces succeeded in ousting the monarchy, and restored the Republic and bringing the constitution into effect. The winning faction of

2584-564: The colonization and establishment of Mexico, there was a constant flow of Spanish immigrants. There have also been large influxes during instabilities in Spain, such as during the Spanish Civil War. Besides Spanish people, there is also a significant population of descendants of Italian immigrants, especially in cities such as Rio Verde and Cerritos. Most of the European peoples have arrived through

2652-523: The country needed to be settled. In 1841, Mexican justice Manuel Crescencio Rejón ( Spanish : Manuel Crescencio García Rejón ) was instrumental in placing the inaugural Amparo in the constitution of the Republic of Yucatán (now the State of Yucatán ), a procedure adopted to strengthen the judicial enforcement of individual rights in that state. In 1847, Rejón (from Yucatán) and Mariano Otero (considered

2720-597: The dictatorship of Antonio López de Santa Anna in 1855, liberals sought to implement their ideology in new laws and briefly had Juan Álvarez in the presidency. As established in Plan of Ayutla , he convened the Constituent Congress on October 16 to establish headquarters in Dolores Hidalgo and to draft a new constitution embodying liberalism. The following year, the incumbent president , Ignacio Comonfort , endorsed

2788-531: The discovery of the mines and therefore named after it. At one time San Luis Potosí ranked among the leading mining provinces of Mexico, but the revolts following independence resulted in a great decline in that industry. The area around Real de Catorce has some of the richest silver mines in the country. Other well-known silver mining districts are Peñón Blanco , Ramos and Guadalcázar . The development of Guadalcazar dates from 1620 and its ores yield gold , copper , zinc and bismuth , as well as silver. In

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2856-433: The district courts of the federal judiciary. This was likewise also superseded by an Amparo law in 1882., promulgated on 14 December 1882 and effective the following year. The use of the legislative writ of Apmaro increased significantly during the life span of the 1857 constitution, for example in 1869 only 123 suits were decided, in 1880, only a little more than a decade later, the number of cases had risen to 2,108, and in

2924-554: The elections, and that in December he should extend his mandate for a new presidential term, he considered that his popularity was seriously affected by the constitutional reforms in religious matters. In December he expressed his intention to reverse the reforms achieved by the Legislative branch. Conservatives began planning a coup. A conservative general, Félix María Zuloaga , epudiated the Constitution. On 17 December 1857, he proclaimed

2992-462: The enactment of the constitution, which polarized Mexican society. The Reform War (1858-1860) began as a result, with liberals winning on the battlefield over conservatives. The losing conservatives sought another way back into power, and their politicians invited Maximilian I of Mexico , a Habsburg , to establish a Mexican monarchy with the Church's support. The republican government-in-domestic-exile

3060-506: The establishment of the state. Spanish miners established the first town known as “San Luis de Mezquitique”, modern location of the capital San Luis Potosí . This led to Juan de Oñate being appointed as the first mayor. The State was given the name "San Luis Rey", King Saint Louis , in honor of Louis IX of France , and "Potosí" because the wealth of the state compared to the rich silver mines in Potosí , Bolivia . Settlers had hopes of rivaling

3128-535: The federal system of protected areas administered by the National Commission of Natural Protected Areas (CONANP): It also has a declared place Ramsar site (n. Ref 1766, declared in 2008), Arrochas y Manantiales de Tanchachín . In addition, it has 12 other natural areas protected by state competition managed by the SEGAM (Secretariat of Ecology and Environmental Management): In 1996, Minera San Xavier (MSX),

3196-540: The free exercise of all cults is admitted, and everyone is granted the full power to manifest publicly and openly all kinds of opinions and thoughts." In March 1857, Archbishop José Lázaro de la Garza y Ballesteros stated that Catholics could not swear allegiance to the Constitution on pain of excommunication . Justice Minister Ezequiel Montes met in the Holy See with the Cardinal Secretary of State. The Pope accepted

3264-533: The interests of the Catholic Church . During the sessions of Congress, an insurrection for the clergy supported by conservatives, the staunchest opponents of the liberals, gathered force in Zacapoaxtla and Puebla . Comonfort sent federal troops and defeated the rebels. The Constitution was promulgated on February 5, 1857, but the clergy threatened that whoever swore the Constitution would be excommunicated. The Constitution of 1857, with 8 titles and 128 articles,

3332-558: The judicial proceedings to protect those rights. Section 101 of the 1857 constitution established that the amparo will lie only against violations of individual rights. The conscious division of Amparo into two sections in the 1857 Mexican Constitution, as opposed to the United States Constitution, meant that, although it protects against violation of constitutional privileges, it may not issue an order to maintain respect for treaties and laws. The 1857 Constitution provided that

3400-475: The latter name being adopted. The creation of a new state and the admission of three of the four territories as free states of the federation also occurred. The only federal territory was Baja California . Also, Mexico City was called the State of Valley of Mexico but only if the powers of the Federation moved to another site. On February 26, 1864, Nuevo León was separated from Coahuila and regained its status as

3468-496: The most representative language is Nahuatl , followed by Huasteco . The native people of the state include the Huastec and Pame peoples . According to the 2020 Census, 44.8% of San Luis Potosí's population identified as Indigenous, 8.2% Afro-Mexican , and 39.1% Spanish descent and 7.9% mix/other. Concerning immigrants and people of European ancestry, 63% of the population has some form of European roots, mostly from Spain. During

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3536-459: The nation was then engaged, and later by the establishment of the Empire under Maxmilian of Austria which suspended constitutional government. The Secretary of Justice drafted and presented a new law at the end of the year 1868, which was approved by Congress and promulgated on 20 January 1869. This law was more simple in its procedure, establishing a single suit to be judged in a summary proceeding by

3604-441: The plan: "I just change my legal title of president, by those of revolutionary miserable." The states of México , Puebla , San Luis Potosí , Tlaxcala and Veracruz agreed the plan. Veracruz changed from supporting the conservatives to the liberals in a major blow against Comonfort. Zuloaga distrusted the president, because he thought that he was returning to the side of the Liberals. Without any alternative, Comonfort resorted to

3672-512: The protected land. The company's current methods includes open pit mining and leaching through cyanide , using two kilograms of NaCN per tonne of ore. While open pit mining itself removes entire habitats and landscapes, the addition of sodium cyanide (with a mean lethal dose of only 0.2 grams) is potentially lethal. In April 2010 the company also opened a new cyanidation plant in Coahuila , Mexico, where it has started producing 3,500 tons of cyanide

3740-516: The sectors of chemicals, foods, beverages, tobacco, and textiles. The services sector, also known as tertiary, is second regarding contribution to the state's income with a 21%, followed by commerce, hotels and restaurants with 18%. These combined activities employ 51% of the economically active population or EAP. Agriculture has been a traditional activity, sometimes still practiced in the Huasteca region. Currently, even if it contributes very little to

3808-459: The state GDP, it nevertheless employs as much as 20% of the EAP of the entity. The main agricultural products grown on Potosí soil are maize , beans , barley , sugar cane , oranges , coffee , sour lemon , prickly pear , and mango . Livestock activities are focused on raising sheep, cattle, and pigs. The state is also a contributor to the large automotive industry of Mexico. General Motors now has

3876-426: The state lies on the Gulf Coastal Plain, and covered by the Veracruz moist forests . The eastern part is included in the region commonly referred to as "La Huasteca". The Tampaón river and its tributaries drain the southern and southeastern portion of the state. The northern and central portion of the state, including the capital, lie on an interior drainage basin which does not drain to the sea. The mean elevation

3944-449: The state of Veracruz to the East. Nonetheless, due to its relative isolation, the state is one of the nine states in Mexico which report high rates of migration into the United States between the years of 2000 to 2008. The average schooling rate for those over 15 years of age lies at 7.7 years of education, considerably lower than the 8.1 found nationally. The same portion of those older than

4012-465: The subsequent 1917 Mexican constitution, i.e. article 101 (1857 version) was identical to article 103 (1917 version); and article 102 (1857 version) corresponded to article 107 (1917), with amendments Currently, amparo exists in 17 other countries, however, there is no comparable mechanism in the common law. During the promulgation of the constitution, the nation was composed of 23 states and one federal territory. Nuevo León merged with Coahuila with

4080-533: The territory now occupied by the state of San Luis Potosí contained parts of the cultural areas of Mesoamerica and Aridoamerica . Its northern and western-central areas were inhabited by the Otomi and Chichimeca tribes. These indigenous groups were nomadic hunter-gatherers. Although many indigenous people died during Spanish colonization, Huasteco groups still live, along with Pame and Náhua peoples. In 1592, gold and silver deposits were discovered, which triggered

4148-455: The uplands. In the low tropical valleys, sugar, coffee, tobacco, peppers and fruit are staple products. Livestock is an important industry and hides, tallow and wool are exported. Fine cabinet and construction woods are also made and exported to a limited extent. Potosí (in Bolivia) was believed to have enough gold to build a bridge between Potosí and Spain. San Luis Potosí was compared to it upon

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4216-530: The wealth of the Bolivian mine, but this was never truly accomplished. In the 17th and 18th centuries, Franciscans , Augustinians , and Jesuits arrived in the area and settled, then began to build churches and other buildings, many of which are still standing and have been turned into museums and universities. In mid-1821, after the Independence of Mexico , General Jose Antonio Echavarri intimidated and threatened

4284-480: Was almost universally approved. The "Otero Formula", a provision of the Act of Reforms which persists today, provided that the protection granted by an amparo judgment should contain no general declarations about the law or act complained of, thus having no effect beyond preventing the application of the constitutionally defective law to the immediate party complainant. The 1847 Reform Act officially incorporated and amended,

4352-557: Was headed by President Benito Juárez as the legitimate Mexican government under the constitution. With the ouster of the French and the defeat of the conservatives in 1867, the Restored Republic was again governed under the 1857 Constitution. The constitution was durable but its provisions not always followed in practice. It was revised in 1874 to create a Senate. It remained as Mexico's constitution until 1917 although many of its provisions ceased to be enforced. Having overthrown

4420-567: Was held by the Imperialists until late 1866. In that year, the telegraph line was opened between San Luis Potosí and Mexico City, which opened up communication lines and helped begin the industrialization of the state. The state lies mostly on the Mexican Plateau , with the exception of the eastern part of the state, where the tableland breaks down into the tropical valley of the Tampaon River (which continues flowing northwestward until it becomes

4488-470: Was in effect until 1835 when Congress proclaimed it centralist. At this point, local legislatures disappeared and state governors were appointed by the central government. This situation lasted until the promulgation of the 1857 Constitution . The state's participation in the Mexican–American War in 1846–1847 gave it the name "San Luis de la Patria", which translates into English, Saint Louis of

4556-450: Was similar to the 1824 Constitution . Both federalism and representative republicanism were again implemented, and there were 23 states , a territory , and the federal district . It supported the autonomy of municipalities in which each state was divided politically. These were most relevant articles: Despite problems in Texas, some deputies unsuccessfully proposed a law granting certain rights to foreign colonization by arguing that

4624-691: Was well known for its gold and silver mines, so there are two gold bars on the left and two silver bars on the right. The blue and yellow backgrounds represent night and day, respectively. The current governor, as of 2021, is Ricardo Gallardo Cardona of the Ecologist Green Party of Mexico . The State has a unique position within the country, since it is located in between three major cities; Mexico City , Monterrey , and Guadalajara , and near four major ports; Tampico , Altamira , Manzanillo , and Mazatlán . Its varied climate patterns and territory along with extensive communications networks enabled it to maintain attractive business environments. Traditionally,

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