Misplaced Pages

#84915

62-589: Tamm is one of the older settlements in the area. Its first official mentioning was in 1287. In 1351, the village was gifted to Eberhard II, Count of Württemberg by Katherina von Veihingen , a member of the Counts Palatinate of Tübingen . In the 17th century, Tamm was almost completely destroyed during the Thirty Years' War , and the reconstruction of core buildings, such as the central fortified church of Saint Bartholomew , wasn't complete until 25 years after

124-507: A "red hot spot" ; numerous worker and sports clubs were begun. Already prior to World War I the SPD cornered the majority of the vote and stayed that course during the Weimar Republic . At his visit to the city on May 15, 1926, Hitler was clearly not welcome by everyone, and several people were injured when a man was mistaken for Hitler and attacked. Hitler himself was able to give his speech in

186-601: A connection to the power plant in Lauffen; thus Heilbronn became the first city in the world to enjoy long-distance electric power. With the dissolution of monarchy in the German Reich as a result of World War I, Heilbronn became part of the Free People's State of Württemberg in 1918. After almost a century of economic boom and growth of the local industry Heilbronn's citizenry included many labourers. The city came to be known as

248-613: A fact that became front-page news during the missile accident on January 11, 1985. After the INF Treaty was signed in 1987, the missiles were removed. In the 1980s, Heilbronn hosted Heimatttage and Landesgartenschau staged by the State of Baden-Württemberg. In 1998, Heilbronn was connected to the S-Bahn net with Karlsruhe. This further transformed the city centre, and an extension of the S-Bahn towards Öhringen opened on December 10, 2005, marking

310-416: A partition again, leading Eberhard to imprison his brother's councilors and the beginning of open hostility between the two. Ulrich then petitioned Emperor Charles IV for a compromise, but he sided with Eberhard and confirmed the indivisibility of Württemberg. On 1 May 1362, Ulrich renounced his position in the government in exchange for various castles, notably Hohenneuffen , and other towns. A sensation

372-554: A regal advocate to rule the city. In addition to the advocate he put a council in place that was headed up by a mayor. Around 1300, the first city hall was erected in the market place and the Kilianskirche (built on the foundation of the Michaelsbasilica) was expanded. The Neckar privilege gave the city the right to modify the flow of the river in 1333, which meant it now had the right to construct dams, harbors and mills. Because of

434-553: A regional economic centre. Heilbronn shares a border with the following cities and towns, all part of Heilbronn County and listed here clockwise from the North: Bad Wimpfen , Neckarsulm , Erlenbach , Weinsberg , Lehrensteinsfeld , Untergruppenbach , Flein , Talheim , Lauffen am Neckar , Nordheim , Leingarten , Schwaigern , Massenbachhausen and Bad Rappenau . The city is divided into nine boroughs : The oldest traces of humans in and around Heilbronn date back to

496-519: A stretch of farmland. The presence of well-known corporations (both Porsche and Bosch have offices in Tamm), stable middle class enterprises, and a large shopping mall (the "Breuningerland" ) have made Tamm relatively rich, financing a complete overhaul of the town's railway station, village square, and road system. Tamm's population was 12,112 at the 2005 census. Considering that, in practice, towns of more than 12,000 inhabitants may apply for city status,

558-626: A while Heilbronn suffered from the upheavals of the Baden Revolution that its civil guard participated in. During that time the 8th infantry regiment switched sides and joined the revolutionaries until it was subsequently disarmed and force-transferred out of the area. In 1849, the Hoerner Bank , one of the oldest still functioning banks in Germany , was founded in Heilbronn. Heilbronn became part of

620-466: Is 23 minutes. A bus line (RBS line 536 ) commutes between the station and the "Breuningerland" mall via Hohenstange suburb. Sights and landmarks of Tamm include the Wassertürme ( water towers ), which can be seen for miles around, the medieval fortified church of Saint Bartholomew, surrounded by historical Fachwerkhäuser ( half-timbered houses ), the new town square with the new town hall, and

682-557: Is now known as the Dachstein hiking disaster . The opening of the Autobahn A 6 from Heilbronn to Mannheim in 1968 was an important economic event. When the A 81 to Würzburg and the A 6 to Nuremberg was completed in 1974 and 1979, respectively, Heilbronn became an important logistical centre in southern Germany. As a result, many large companies opened offices in Heilbronn. When Klingenberg became part of Heilbronn on January 1, 1970,

SECTION 10

#1732877344085

744-565: Is that there are almost no traffic lights in Tamm - most much-frequented intersections have been replaced by roundabouts . Tamm station is also on the Franconia Railway and is served by the Stuttgart S-Bahn system, being the second-to-last outbound stop of line S5 to Bietigheim . Trains leave every half-hour from 4:40 a.m. to 12:40 a.m., travel time to Stuttgart Hauptbahnhof

806-714: Is the economic center of the Heilbronn-Franken region and is one of fourteen such cities in the Baden-Württemberg master plan of 2002. It also serves Abstatt , Bad Rappenau , Bad Wimpfen , Beilstein , Brackenheim , Cleebronn , Eberstatt , Ellhofen , Eppingen , Flein , Gemmingen , Güglingen , Ilsfeld , Ittlingen , Kirchardt , Lauffen am Neckar , Lehrensteinsfeld , Leingarten , Löwenstein , Massenbachhausen , Neckarwestheim , Nordheim , Obersulm , Pfaffenhofen , Schwaigern , Siegelsbach , Talheim , Untergruppenbach , Weinsberg , Wüstenrot , and Zaberfeld as

868-694: The Diocese of Würzburg as villa Helibrunna (together with a Michaelsbasilica ), and in 841, King Louis the German set up court here for a period of time. The name Heilbrunna ( healing well ) hints to a well that is located not far from the basilica. In 1050, a significant settlement of Jews is noted in official documents, and the Codex of the monastery in Hirsau documented Heilbronn's right to hold market days and mint coins, mentioning its harbor and vineyards as well. The name of

930-677: The German Empire in 1871 during the unification of Germany . In the 1860s the city's train tracks were extended to Heidelberg via Bad Wimpfen , to Würzburg via Osterburken , and to Crailsheim (and later on to Nuremberg ) via Schwäbisch Hall . In 1880, the Kraichgau line was completed and created an important connection towards Karlsruhe , and by the end of the 19th century, Heilbronn had become an important hub, second in Wuerttemburg to Stuttgart in industrial output. The year 1892 brought

992-533: The Jewish community was all but eliminated. Starting in 1942 during World War II, the salt mines in and around Heilbronn were used to store art and artifacts from Germany, France, and Italy. Similarly, important producers of the war industry were moved into the mine shafts . The expansion of the shafts was undertaken by labour brigades of the concentration camp branches in Kochendorf and Neckargartach. From Heilbronn all

1054-616: The Old Stone Age (30,000 BC). The fertile Neckar floodplains in the Heilbronn basin aided early settlement by farmers and ranchers. The city limits of present-day Heilbronn contain many sites of Bronze Age finds. Later on, but still before AD, the Celts already mined here for salt from brine. Under Roman Emperor Domitian (AD 81–96) the Romans pushed east away from the Rhine and the outer boundary of

1116-587: The Rococo style. On September 9, 1802, Heilbronn lost its status as an Imperial Free City when the troops of Duke Friedrich I of Württemberg arrived. The duke had conceded the left bank of the Rhine to France during the French Revolutionary Wars but had been compensated with areas on the right bank. This is how Heilbronn and other former Imperial Free Cities became part of Württemberg in 1803. Heilbronn became

1178-643: The Roman Empire was set at the Neckar-Odenwald Limes . A castle in today's borough of Böckingen was part of that limes , and nearby numerous Roman villas and plantations were built. Around AD 150, the Neckar-Odenwald Limes became obsolete when the boundary of the Roman Empire was moved approximately 30 km (19 mi) to the east, where it was subsequently fortified with the construction of

1240-600: The Theresienwiese . Tsar Alexander I of Russia met in Heilbronn with the Baltic Baroness Juliane von Krüdener , who talked him into founding the " Holy Alliance ". Industrialization arrived in 1820. When the first train lines were placed in service in Württemberg, Heilbronn was at the end of the line of the northern branch that connected Heilbronn with Stuttgart and further fueled industrialization. For

1302-673: The Upper Germanic Limes complete with parapet and trenches . Around 260, the Romans surrendered the limes, and the Alamanni became rulers of the Neckar basin. Between the 4th and 7th centuries, the area became part of the Frankish Empire , and the first settlement was built in the general vicinity of the present center of town. In 741, Heilbronn is first mentioned in an official document of

SECTION 20

#1732877344085

1364-482: The "Gemeinde Tamm" may be eligible to become "Stadt Tamm" in the future. Development since 1980 : The current mayor of Tamm is Martin Bernhard (since 2014). The municipal council is made up of the following parties: The coat of arms of Tamm shows a bend sinister Or , representing a dam ( ger.: Damm , hence the name "Tamm") on a red field , with a golden plough , representing agriculture and tradition, in

1426-630: The 1970s, the centre of the city was transformed into a pedestrian zone and the rededication of the city theatre in 1982 closed one of the largest holes left in the inner city from World War II. Pursuant to the NATO Double-Track Decision of 1979, Pershing II intermediate-range nuclear missiles were stationed just uphill of Heilbronn in the Waldheide. This made Heilbronn the only major city in Germany with atomic missiles inside its city limits —

1488-459: The Böckingen train transfer station. As a result of 1,168 bombs dropped that day, 281 residents died. The city was carpet-bombed from the southern quarter all the way to the Kilianskirche in the center of town. The church was burnt out. After a ten-day battle , with the allies advancing over the strategically important Neckar crossings, the war ended for the destroyed city, and it was occupied by

1550-622: The U.S. Army on April 12, 1945. Local NSDAP leader Richard Drauz became a fugitive because of executions of American prisoners of war he had ordered in March 1945. He was eventually arrested, tried, and hanged by the Allies in Landsberg on December 4, 1946. After the war, Emil Beutinger, mayor until 1933, returned to office and began the formidable task of reconstruction that was subsequently continued by his successors Paul Metz and Paul Meyle. Milestones were

1612-853: The acceptance of the Augsburg Confession by city council and residents and the Heilbronn Catechism of 1536 is the second oldest catechism in the Protestant Church. In 1538 Heilbronn joined the Schmalkaldic League but by 1546 squabbles between troops of the Schmalkaldic League and those of the Emperor Charles V escalated into battles that were won by the Emperor. As a result, Charles V spent Christmas 1546 in Heilbronn to attend

1674-464: The centres of early industrialisation in Württemberg. Heilbronn's old town was completely destroyed during the air raid of 4 December 1944 and rebuilt in the 1950s. Today Heilbronn is the economic centre of the Heilbronn-Franken region . Heilbronn is known for its wine industry and is nicknamed Käthchenstadt , after Heinrich von Kleist 's Das Käthchen von Heilbronn . Heilbronn is located in

1736-541: The city area in recent years include two Neckar bridges, the two shopping centres Stadtgalerie and Klosterhof, the experimenta Science Center and the Bildungscampus. In 2021, the State of Baden-Wuerttemberg decides to locate its new innovation park artificial intelligence in Heilbronn. Ever since the Franks under Chlodwig settled in the Neckar region around 500 the area has been predominantly Christian and when Heilbronn

1798-592: The city became a widespread Jewish surname in many varieties, see Heilprin , Halpern , and Halperin . In 1225, Heilbronn was incorporated into the Hohenstaufen Empire as oppidum Heilecbrunnen . Oppidum signified a city fortified by parapet and trenches . Later during the 13th century, the Teutonic Knights obtained ownership of a large area south of Heilbronn which would remain owned by that order until German Mediatisation in 1805. Starting in 1268,

1860-475: The city during the 15th century enabled it to expand, and many of its historic structures, such as the Kilianskirche (1455–60), trace their origins to that era. Götz von Berlichingen spent three years in "knightly custody" in Heilbronn starting in 1519 and even spent a night in the tower of the bastion. That same year people first took note of the pub owner Jäcklein Rohrbach who with accomplices would later kill

1922-454: The city only lasted several months, the French were only persuaded to leave the surrounding areas in 1693, after a large defensive army had been put into the field and fortifications had been erected. During the 18th century, archives suggest all members of the city council enjoyed some sort of formal education; Schiller and Goethe came to visit; and elaborate buildings were being constructed in

Tamm - Misplaced Pages Continue

1984-701: The city's community center Harmonie , but the SPD had the majority in Heilbronn over the NSDAP as late as the elections on March 5, 1933. Richard Drauz , who had been born into a respected Heilbronn family, became Heilbronn's NSDAP Kreisleiter (District Leader) in 1932. He was also elected to the Reichstag from 1933 on and pushed hard for the Gleichschaltung of the Heilbronn clubs and press in Nazi Germany . On July 28, 1935,

2046-423: The city's population exceeded 100,000 for the first time; thus Heilbronn attained "major city" ( Großstadt ) status. During the last district reform in the 1970s, Kirchhausen, Biberach, Frankenbach and Horkheim were incorporated into Heilbronn, and the city was reconfirmed as independent city and seat of Heilbronn County. It was also declared seat of the newly formed Franken region, now Heilbronn-Franken. Also during

2108-639: The city. From 1644 through 1647, Heilbronn was again part of the Holy Roman Empire, but then French troops moved in and later those of the Electorate of the Palatinate . The city was not free of occupying forces until four years after the Peace of Westphalia of 1648. But already in the 1670s the city again became the stage for armed manoeuvres, until it was occupied by French troops in 1688. But while that occupation of

2170-690: The completion of the east–west axis of the Baden-Wuerttemburg regional transportation system. In 2013, the north–south axis to Neckarsulm was opened. Heilbronn won the European competition "Entente Florale 2000" on September 9, 2000, in Broughshane, Northern Ireland, and in 2005–06 the city became the first UNICEF children's city in Germany. Late in 2005, Heilbronn was chosen to host the Bundesgartenschau in 2019. More than 2.3 million visitors came to

2232-491: The eldest son of Count Ulrich III and his wife Sophie (died 1344), daughter of Theobald of Ferrette . Eberhard married Elisabeth of Henneberg-Schleusingen  [ de ] , daughter of Count Henry of Henneberg-Schleusingen , before 17 September 1342. The marriage produced two children: Ulrich of Württemberg  [ de ] and Sophie (died 1369), who married John I, Duke of Lorraine in 1361. Ulrich married Elisabeth of Bavaria, daughter of Emperor Louis IV , but

2294-466: The ensuing criminal proceedings. It is also Charles V who in 1522 changed the charter of the city and this charter survived almost unscathed until 1803. During the Thirty Years' War the city and surrounding villages suffered badly. After the battle of Wimpfen in 1622, Neckargartach was burnt to the ground. In 1631 Heilbronn was occupied by imperial troops but the same year the Swedes succeeded in conquering

2356-725: The executor of Böckingen. After he had spent some time in the Hohenlohe Plains and collected similarly minded characters around him, he returned to Heilbronn in April 1525 just as the German Peasants' War was getting into full swing. On April 16 the peasants killed many of the nobles in Weinsberg and on April 18 the Heilbronn monastery of the Order of Our Lady of Mt. Carmel was attacked and ransacked. The city opened its gates in response to demands of

2418-667: The extension of Württemberg's territory. He fought battles against the towns united in the Schwäbischer Städtebund (Swabian City League) in 1376, 1372 in Altheim, 1377 in Reutlingen and 1388 near Döffingen. The result of this was a stalemate which secured the independency of the towns. Nevertheless, the territorial gains during his rule were substantial, for example Böblingen and Calw . Eberhard died in Stuttgart on 15 March 1392 and

2480-472: The garden and city exhibition in 2019, which took place on a former commercial site of about 40 hectares located directly north of the main station. Now a part of the site is being developed into a new Urban district called Neckarbogen, where up to 3,500 people will live and 1,000 people will work in the future. The first buildings of the green and family-friendly quarter have been highly acclaimed and already received several awards. Other major new buildings in

2542-407: The infrastructure thus created, during the 14th century Heilbronn grew attractive to merchants and craftspeople, who now demanded the right to determine their own fate. In 1371, Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor , issued a new charter to the city. Now Heilbronn needed to answer only to the Emperor and as such was an Imperial Free City . Craftspeople and merchants were now represented in its council and

Tamm - Misplaced Pages Continue

2604-455: The modern glass-and-steel S-Bahn station. Eberhard II, Count of W%C3%BCrttemberg Eberhard II (1315 – 15 March 1392), nicknamed the Quarrelsome ( German : der Greiner ), was Count of Württemberg from 1344 until his death in 1392. He ruled Württemberg alongside his brother, Ulrich IV , until Eberhard forced him out of power in 1362. Eberhard was born in 1315,

2666-434: The northern corner of the Neckar basin at the bottom of the Wartberg (308 m). It occupies both banks of the Neckar, and the highest spot inside city limits is the Schweinsberg with a height of 372 meters. Heilbronn is adjacent to the Swabian-Franconian Forest Nature Park and is surrounded by vineyards. Heilbronn and its surroundings are located in the northern part of the larger Stuttgart metropolitan area. The city

2728-445: The old village core, more than doubling Tamm's population (11,500 in 1990). This feat was possible mainly due to Tamm's very attractive position in direct proximity to both the Autobahn A81 and the railway line between Stuttgart and Heilbronn . Continuing popularity led to another building phase in the early 21st century, finally connecting the old village ("Ortsmitte") with the Hohenstange borough, which had formerly been divided by

2790-421: The order built the Deutschhof there as one of its residences. The church building of the order that was located on the premises was modified and expanded several times: First in 1350 it was expanded ( Gothic ), then it was remodeled in 1719 ( Baroque ), and in 1977, it was consecrated as a cathedral. After the demise of the Staufen dynasty, King Rudolf I returned city status to Heilbronn in 1281 and installed

2852-469: The peasants and consequently more churches and municipal institutions were robbed the next day. For about a month Heilbronn remained under the control of rebellious peasants. And even though Johann Lachmann , later a church reformer, had attempted to mediate, the peasants did not leave the city until one of their armies was defeated on May 12, 1525, in Böblingen . Their leader Rohrbach was executed on May 21, 1525, in Neckargartach and his home town of Böckingen

2914-401: The port was opened in a canal off the Neckar, and 1936 saw the Autobahn between Heilbronn and Stuttgart completed. Economy and infrastructure were booming in Württemberg, and Heilbronn was at the logistic centre of it all. As the result of a district reform on October 1, 1938, Heilbronn became the seat of the newly created Heilbronn County and regained independent city status. At the same time

2976-410: The previously independent communities of Böckingen, Sontheim, and Neckargartach were annexed, and with 72,000 residents Heilbronn then was the second largest city in Württemberg. The port turned into an important transfer station on the Neckar and one of the ten largest interior ports in the country. On November 10, 1938, the Heilbronn synagogue was destroyed during the Kristallnacht . Soon thereafter

3038-453: The rededication of historic city hall in 1953 and the reopening of the community centre, Harmonie . Heilbronn was part of Württemberg-Baden until 1952, after which it became part of Baden-Württemberg . After 1951, US troops were permanently stationed in Heilbronn. They used barracks built prior to World War II and added some structures of their own. On April 15, 1954, during the Easter holiday 13 people from Heilbronn went missing in what

3100-399: The same year, the village was transferred to US control, eventually becoming part of the American occupation zone. The post-war years were marked by food and fuel shortages, but Tamm soon recovered and flourished once again, reaching 3900 inhabitants in 1961. In the following decades large expansion projects resulted in the creation of the new "Ortsteil" ( suburb ) Hohenstange , north-east of

3162-421: The seat of an Oberamt (district), and the four Imperial Free villages became separate communities within the district. In 1806 the Duchy of Württemberg became the Kingdom of Württemberg . In 1815, Heilbronn again became a staging area for major armies ahead of the campaign against Napoleon , and 10,000 troops paraded in front of Emperor Franz of Austria and more than one hundred German princes and generals in

SECTION 50

#1732877344085

3224-514: The upper left, and a golden gear wheel , representing industry and progress, in the lower right partition. Tamm is currently twinned with Althofen , Kärnten , Austria . Tamm lies directly adjacent to both federal highway B 27 and autobahn A 81 (Exit Ludwigsburg-Nord ), both running between Stuttgart and Heilbronn . Landstraße ( highway ) L 1110 connects to Asperg and Bissingen , Kreisstraße (district road) K 1671 links Tamm with Markgröningen and Bietigheim . One curious side note

3286-433: The villages of Böckingen, Flein , Frankenbach and Neckargartach became part of Heilbronn's territory. As an Imperial Free City Heilbronn was threatened by the ambitious House of Württemberg . A relationship with the Holy Roman Emperor and a treaty with the Electorate of the Palatinate in effect from 1417 to 1622 strengthened Heilbronn's position and kept the House of Württemberg at bay. The political stability enjoyed by

3348-418: The war's end in 1648. During the 18th century Tamm's inhabitants participated in the construction of the Duke of Württemberg 's new residence in nearby Ludwigsburg, mostly as socagers . In these days, population skyrocketed, from 543 in 1741 to nearly 1000 in 1800. While Tamm was not directly affected by the Napoleonic Wars , it still suffered from the economic strain put on the entire region. Shortly after

3410-442: The war, in 1816, a famine hit, marking a temporary decline in Tamm's development. During the rest of the 19th century, the village grew steadily, getting connected to the railroad in 1877. World War I and the economic crisis caused by the defeat and dissolution of the German Empire again had a negative impact on the village. In 1935, two years after the Nazi Party 's " Machtergreifung ", Tamm's liberal acting mayor Karl Mammele

3472-414: The way to Neckarelz numerous subterraneous complexes, some of them gigantic, were constructed ; on November 20, 1942, the Heilbronn Bureau of Labour had 8,000 forced labourers registered in its district. In 1940 allied air raids began, and the city and its surrounding area were hit about 20 times with minor damage. On September 10, 1944, a raid by the allies targeted the city specifically, in particular

3534-428: Was buried in the Stiftskirche there. Eberhard entered literature through Schiller and Uhland . Heilbronn Heilbronn ( German pronunciation: [haɪlˈbʁɔn] ) is a city in northern Baden-Württemberg , Germany, surrounded by Heilbronn District . From the late Middle Ages on, it developed into an important trading centre. At the beginning of the 19th century, Heilbronn became one of

3596-406: Was created 1367 by the assault of Count Wolf von Eberstein on Eberhard II and his son Ulrich during their stay "in Wildbad" (presumably Wildbad or Teinach ). Both fled and seized Neueberstein Castle immediately with a large number of men. However this siege turned out to be unsuccessful. During his regency he strongly aligned his policy against the Free Imperial Cities , which stood in the way of

3658-424: Was first mentioned in an official document in 741 Christian Michaelsbasilica, present day's Kilianskirche , was mentioned along with the city. The Teutonic Knights constructed its church from the 13th century and both churches were continually expanded. They were joined later by other churches and cloisters in the city. Around 1050 an important Jewish community was mentioned that had settled in what became known as

3720-402: Was forced to resign and committed suicide soon after. While Tamm was target of occasional air raids as soon as 1941 , the village didn't see any "real" fighting until April 1945, when it was repeatedly shelled during a twelve-day stand-off between Wehrmacht and Free French Forces in nearby Bietigheim-Bissingen . Tamm was captured and occupied by the French Army on April 21, 1945. In July of

3782-484: Was killed at the Battle of Döffingen in 1388. Following the death of Ulrich III in 1344, Eberhard and brother Ulrich IV governed together. However, Eberhard proved the more assertive and energetic of the two, giving his brother little influence in the administration of Württemberg. Ulrich began pressing for a division of the county in 1352, possibly at the insistence of his wife Katharina of Helfenstein , in order to escape his brother's dominance. In 1361, Ulrich demanded

SECTION 60

#1732877344085

3844-446: Was partially burnt to the ground in punishment. In 1528, the replacement of the mayor by Hans Riesser , a Protestant, brought on the previously delayed Reformation and through the efforts of Reformer Lachmann schools and healthcare were also reorganized. In 1529 the Kilianskirche (church tower of the Kilianskirche) was completed. It was the first important religious building of the Renaissance in Germany. The year 1530 brought about

#84915