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75-466: It had its roots in the Naxalite movement, and was headed by Thamizharasan, an engineering student from Ponparappi village. TNLA was involved in minor bomb blasts, murders and looting banks. On 1 September 1987, the people of Ponparappi village lynched Thamizharasan and four of his associates, when they attempted to rob a bank. After his death, the group fell into disarray and splintered into factions. TNLA

150-519: A 2001 thesis, Bengali speakers had a percentage of 64.25% out of the total population. Of the 30 wards in 2001, their population ranged from 11.71% to 98.96%. The most commonly followed religion in Siliguri is Hinduism , with Islam being the largest minority religion, followed by small percentage of adherents of Christianity and Buddhism . Siliguri saw rapid urbanisation under the British rule and that

225-486: A Municipal corporation which has been responsible for the civic infrastructure and administration of the city of Siliguri. Siliguri has now achieved the status of becoming the third-largest city in West Bengal , after Kolkata and Asansol . Siliguri is located at the foothills of the eastern Himalayas at a location of 26°43′N 88°26′E  /  26.71°N 88.43°E  / 26.71; 88.43 . The city

300-709: A contractor who is violating the minimum wage." It also mentions that the developmental work done by the Maoists including "mobilizing community labour for farm ponds, rainwater harvesting, and land conservation works in the Dandakaranya region, which villagers testified had improved their crops and improved their food security situation." A 2010 case study in the Economic and Political Weekly taken from 200 Maoist-affected districts in Odisha, Chhattisgarh, and Jharkhand, intended to investigate

375-399: A former member who later quit the organisation, wrote in her book Ek Maowadi Ki Diary that she was repeatedly raped and assaulted by her fellow commanders for more than seven years since she wanted to quit. She also claimed that wife-swapping and adultery are the common amongst the Maoists. The Naxalites claim that physical violence and sexual mutilation have been directed at their members by

450-607: A mass meeting in Calcutta . It inspired similar movements in states like Orissa , Madhya Pradesh , Andhra Pradesh and Kerala . In 1971, Satyanarayan Singh revolted against the leadership and split the CPI-ML into two, forming a separate provisional committee . Naxalism gained popularity among student groups in Calcutta. Students left school to join the Naxalites and Majumdar declared that

525-450: A prominent city for national champions like Mantu Ghosh , the gold medalist winner in the bi-annual South Asian Games (SAF) for table tennis, Ankita Das , Nandita Saha and Soumyajit Ghosh another internationally acclaimed table tennis player and Wriddhiman Saha – Indian international cricketer who plays First-class and Test cricket for the Indian national team . Siliguri has done

600-450: A recruit must be selflessness and the ability to self-sacrifice, and in order to produce such a specific personality, the organisation recruited students and youth. In addition to entrenching loyalty and a revolutionary personality within these new insurgents, the Naxalites chose the youth also because of other reasons. These were mostly students and it was necessary to include educated youth as these recruits would then be involved in spreading

675-470: A single platform and two tracks; one broad gauge line and one metre gauge line. Rangapani railway station (station code RNI) is part of the greater Siliguri metropolitan area. It is 14 km from Siliguri City center and serves Rangapani and adjacent areas. Rangapani railway station is on the Howrah-New Jalpaiguri line . This station is a halting point for 2 passenger trains. Bagdogra Airport

750-455: A small area in the northern part of city, on the front of Mahananda River , which is now Dagapur. The Treaty of Sugauli in 1816, signed between Britain-Nepal, changed the prospects of Siliguri, and it became a point of transit for the Darjeeling hills and Nepal mainland. From 1816 onwards, Siliguri started growing rapidly as a small city due to its strategic location in trade routes. In 1865,

825-431: A transportation hub, Siliguri is well connected through railway with almost all parts of the country. There are seven stations that serve the city. New Jalpaiguri Junction railway station , established in 1960 (station code NJP) is an A1 category broad gauge and narrow gauge railway station under Katihar railway division of Northeast Frontier Railway zone . It is the biggest railway station of Northeast India serving

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900-451: A tremendous job for Indian table tennis. Bikash Ghosh Memorial Swimming Pool is beside Kanchenjunga Stadium in the city, and conducts swimming competitions. White water rafting is done nearby in the Teesta river . Kanchenjunga Stadium, a multipurpose stadium, is the main stadium in Siliguri, and is primarily used for football matches, although it has also hosted several cricket matches. It has

975-515: Is 10 km from Siliguri junction and is the third largest railway station after NJP and Siliguri Junction. This station serves Bagdogra and adjacent areas. Bagdogra railway station is on the Siliguri-Aluabari broad gauge single line via Thakurganj . This station is the halting point for 14 trains. Gulma railway station Railway (station code GLMA) is part of the Siliguri Urban area. It

1050-537: Is 12 km from Siliguri City center and serves Champasari Anchal and Gulma areas. Gulma railway station is on the New Jalpaiguri-Alipurduar-Samuktala Road Line . This station is the halting point of 5 trains. Mainly passenger train halt at in this station. Matigara Railway Station (station code MTRA) is situated at Mathapari, West Bengal. Trains passing through this station include MLFC - SGUJ DEMU and SGUJ- MLFC DEMU. This station has

1125-577: Is an international airport located towards the west of Siliguri city, operated as a civil enclave at AFS Bagdogra of the Indian Air Force . This airport is a major transport hub in the region, with flights to Kolkata , Durgapur , New Delhi , Mumbai , Chennai , Bangalore , Hyderabad , Ahmedabad , Guwahati , Dibrugarh and has international connectivity with Paro and Bangkok . The airport also has regular helicopter services to Gangtok . Due to its location near Darjeeling hills and Sikkim ,

1200-467: Is another major broad gauge and narrow gauge railway station of Siliguri. Until 2011 it was the only triple gauge (broad gauge, meter gauge and narrow gauge) railway station in India. After 2011, the meter gauge was shut down, but the track remains between Siliguri Junction railway station and Bagdogra railway station. Many different cities in India are serviced from this station. Siliguri Town railway station

1275-399: Is famous for elephants. Sukna is the gateway to this sanctuary, which is 12 km from Siliguri. These sub-Himalayan forests are the home of various types of wild animals like the elephant , tiger , Indian bison , barking deer , wild pig, monkey, civet , snake, lizard, mountain goat, sambar , chital and fishing cat . These forests are also home of about 243 different bird species like

1350-642: Is found in Baikunthapur Forest, near Siliguri city. The rapid growth of the city has led to deforestation, making Siliguri warmer day by day and unbalancing the ecosystem. Siliguri is located in the Terai region ("moist land"), a belt of marshy grasslands and dense tropical deciduous moist forests at the base of Himalaya range which is rich in biodiversity, containing numerous rare species of flora and fauna. These forests are characterised by their distinct wildlife variety. Mahananda Wildlife Sanctuary near Siliguri

1425-654: Is one of the oldest railway station (station code SGUT) of the region, opened in 1880 for the Darjeeling Himalayan Railway (Toy train) connecting Siliguri and Darjeeling. Its importance diminished with the construction of the Siliguri Junction railway station and New Jalpaiguri junction. Siliguri Town railway station is also a broad gauge and narrow gauge railway station, and is halting point for 8 trains only. Bagdogra railway station (station code BORA) comes under greater Siliguri metropolitan area. It

1500-474: Is referred to as "Naxalism" and the people engaged are termed as "Naxals" or "Naxalites". The term "Naxalism" is broadly applied to refer to all the communist insurgent movements. The groups are commonly referred to as Maoists as they are supportive of Maoist ideology. In 1967, a faction of the Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPI-M) led by Charu Majumdar , Kanu Sanyal , and Jangal Santhal called

1575-509: Is spread over an area of 260 km within the Siliguri Corridor , and has earned a moniker the Chicken's neck . The city is surrounded by dense forests towards north and lifeline of Siliguri, Mahananda River flows through the city thereby bisecting it into two halves. Teesta river is not far from the city. Siliguri has an average elevation of 122 metres (400 feet). As Siliguri is located in

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1650-497: Is the official language in Siliguri subdivision , including Siliguri city. In the municipal corporation at the time of the 2011 census, 60.88% of the population spoke Bengali , 25.24% Hindi , 4.66% Nepali , 2.39% Bhojpuri , 1.58% Marwari and 1.24% Urdu as their first language. Bengalis form the majority linguistic group in the city, followed by Biharis , Marwaris , Punjabis , Nepalis , Odias , and Tribals . According to

1725-510: Is the wettest month (804 mm) and January is the driest month (12 mm). The average rainy days in July is 27 and for December and January it is 1. Humidity is high throughout the year. Religions of Siliguri (2011) Languages of Siliguri (2011) Based on the Census data of 2011, the population of Siliguri UA/Metropolitan (including Siliguri municipal corporation and Dabagram municipality) is 701,489, while

1800-554: The Indian constitution "ratified colonial policy and made the state custodian of tribal homelands" and turned tribal populations into squatters on their own land, denying them their traditional rights to forest produce. Tribal communities participated in Naxalism probably as a means of push back against structural violence by the state, including the usage of land for the purposes of mineral extraction. Impoverished areas with no electricity, running water, or poor healthcare provided by

1875-507: The Pakistani ISI was providing financial support. Siliguri Siliguri ( / s ɪ ˈ l i ˌ ɡ ʊ r i / Bengali: [ˈʃiliɡuɽi] ), also known as Shiliguri , is a major tier-II city in West Bengal . It forms "Twin Cities" with the neighbouring district headquarter of Jalpaiguri . The city spans areas of the Darjeeling and Jalpaiguri districts in

1950-515: The Terai region, the soil is sandy in nature with the ratio of sand and silt much higher than clay. This region is very prone to earthquake as there are several fault lines nearby. The Siliguri subdivision is surrounded by Himalayan ranges towards north and towards south by the country Bangladesh , Uttar Dinajpur district of West Bengal and the Indian state of Bihar . On the east lies Jalpaiguri district and Kalimpong district and bounded on

2025-655: The paramilitary forces of the Indian Armed Forces , which resulted in the killing and imprisoning of suspected Naxalites and their cadres, including senior leaders. In July 1972, Majumdar was arrested by the West Bengal Police and he later died in police custody. After his death, the CPI-ML split into further factions such as the Mahadev Mukherjee faction and the CPI-ML Liberation in 1972. By 1973,

2100-730: The pied hornbill , egret , kingfisher, drongo, fly catcher, woodpecker and others. Another common sight is migratory water birds. NH 27 crosses through the heart of the city which is now a part of the AH2 project. Siliguri is the origin of the century-old Hill Cart Road that is NH 110 , which connects Siliguri and Darjeeling (77 km) dating from the British period. Siliguri also is the origin of NH 10 which connects Gangtok, and NH 12 which connects Pankhabari-Mirik. The highways NH 327, that connects Siliguri — Panitanki and NH 327B connecting Panitanki - Mechi Bridg, are also part of AH2 . It connects to adjacent countries through following routes: Being

2175-502: The state government is responsible for developing and maintaining the infrastructure for water supply, while the Water Supply department of the corporation provides new connections, supplies water, and collects the user charges. The Conservancy Environment Department of the corporation provides Solid Waste Management services in the city. Each ward in the city has its own Solid Waste Management committee that takes care of cleanliness at

2250-475: The working class . Naxalite feminists have said that leaders of Naxalite groups have committed violence against women and sexual violence . Naxalite groups are funded by extorting profits from companies, especially mining companies, in areas they control. The illegal drug trade is another funding source. The term Naxalite originated from the name of the village Naxalbari in West Bengal where an uprising of peasants occurred in 1967. The movement itself

2325-696: The " Siliguri group" wanted a protracted people's war in India similar to the Chinese Communist Revolution and Majumdar wrote the Historic Eight Documents which became the foundation of the Naxalite movement. The party was part of a coalition government in West Bengal. Majumdar believed that the party would support his doctrine. Land minister Hare Krishna Konar had been supporting his rhetoric and said, "the militant confiscation of land

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2400-464: The Bagdogra Airport sees thousands of tourists annually. Central government of India confirmed international airport status to this airport in 2002 with limited international operations. This is one of the few airports in India with zero sales tax on aviation turbine fuel. Siliguri hosts numerous sporting events and matches to influence and build develop young athletes from the city. Some of

2475-508: The British captured Darjeeling and the entire Dooars region to build tea plantations and export the produce to England. To scale up exportation they introduced the Siliguri Town railway station which stands to this day, and introduced the Toy train from the station to Darjeeling in 1880. This helped Siliguri gain sub-divisional town status in 1907. The Siliguri Corridor was formed when Bengal

2550-673: The Indian state of West Bengal. Known as the "Gateway of Northeast India" , Siliguri is popular for three Ts: Tea, Timber and Tourism. It is located on the banks of the Mahananda and the Teesta River in the foothills of the Himalayas . Siliguri is the third largest urban agglomeration in West Bengal, after Kolkata and Asansol . Siliguri has great strategic importance in West Bengal, with convenient access to three international borders: Nepal , Bangladesh and Bhutan . It also connects

2625-474: The Naxal ideology and incentivised the tribal communities to join the Naxal movements out of "moral solidarity". The Naxalites focused on the idea of a revolutionary personality while recruiting people to the organisation, which was termed as necessary for maintaining and establishing loyalty among the Naxalites by Charu Majumdar. During the early years of the movement, he believed that the essential characteristics of

2700-827: The Naxalite movement, Majumdar shifted the ideology's focus beyond rural areas. The Naxalites splintered into various groups supportive of Maoist ideology. Under the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act of India (1967) , some Naxalite organisations are designated as terrorist groups . Naxalites believe that there is a class conflict between agricultural workers and landowners and that the Constitution of India lacks protections for tribal workers. This ideology has been popular among tribal people . Naxal groups have become authorities in areas they control, where they develop infrastructure, which gains support from residents. Naxalites have recruited youths, particularly those aligned with

2775-518: The North-East with mainland India. Located in the foothills of Eastern Himalayas , Siliguri is a significant trading and transportation hub. According to Sailen Debnath, "Siliguri" means a stack of pebbles or stones. Until the 19th century this region was called as "Shilchaguri" when there was dense Dolka forest covering the region. Siliguri was a small agricultural village in the Kingdom of Sikkim . It

2850-569: The Sub-Himalayan forests are rich in fauna diversity. The plains of North Bengal (Siliguri, Jalpaiguri , Cooch Behar etc.) are surrounded by deep forests. These forests are home of various rare and common species of plants. The forest here is moist Tropical and characterised by dense growth of tall Sal ( Shorea robusta ). Sal occupies about 80% of all vegetation in these tropical forest. These forests are categorised by their dominating plant species such as 1) East Himalayan Sal Forest, present on

2925-672: The Union Board was set up in Siliguri under the Bengal Village Self-Government Act, 1919 and it provided public utilities in the city. The Municipal Council was set up in 1949 under the Bengal Municipal Act of 1932 with 8 wards. The first chairperson of the municipality was the Sub Divisional Officer, and the local councillors, called 'commissioners' in the then municipal act in effect, were nominated by

3000-565: The approval. The present City Development Plan 2041 for Siliguri was developed in 2015 as part of the Capacity Building for Urban Development project under the then Ministry of Urban Development by the private consultancy, CRISIL Risk and Infrastructure Solutions Limited . Siliguri City comes under Siliguri Jalpaiguri Planning Area and the responsibility of planning and development of the city lies with Siliguri Jalpaiguri Development Authority . The Public Health Engineering Department of

3075-453: The areas under Naxal control as a means to continue mining operations and for "protection" services which allows miners to work without having to worry about Naxalite attacks. A 2006 report indicated that the Maoists extorted about ₹ 14 billion (US$ 170 million) annually. The organisation also funds itself through the drug trade, where it cultivates psychoactive plants such as marijuana and opium , which are then distributed throughout

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3150-512: The basis of Naxalism. Majumdar , Kanu Sanyal , and Jangal Santhal formed a faction of the Communist Party of India (Marxist) that called for a protracted people's war . The Naxalite–Maoist insurgency started after a 1967 uprising in the village of Naxalbari , West Bengal. The ideology takes its name from the village. After the uprising, Sanyal established the Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) . Majumdar's writings became popular in urban areas. As students in Calcutta began to join

3225-515: The chairperson. This board will take care of the civic utilities of the city till the new municipal body is elected. This follows the establishment of similar boards first in state capital Kolkata and then the rest of the state. Siliguri is part of the Darjeeling Lok Sabha constituency . The last elections for the Lok Sabha took place in 2024 , when Raju Bista from Bharatiya Janta Party won

3300-637: The city Siliguri. This station is well connected to almost all parts of the country except Goa . This station ranked 10th cleanest railway station in India in a 2016 survey and was among the top 100 booking stations of Indian railway. Many premium services are available, including 1 international Mitali Express , Howrah–New Jalpaiguri Vande Bharat Express , New Jalpaiguri - Guwahati Vande Bharat Express , New Jalpaiguri–Patna Vande Bharat Express , 4 Rajdhani Express , 2 Tourist Vistadome Express, 1 Shatabdi Express and 2 Humsafar Express. Siliguri Junction railway station (station code SGUJ) established in 1949

3375-448: The communist teachings of Mao Zedong . In order to expand their base, the movement relied on these students to spread the communist philosophy to the uneducated rural and working-class communities. Majumdar also believed that it necessary to recruit youth who would be able to integrate themselves with the peasantry and working classes, and by living and working in similar conditions to these lower-class communities, these recruits could carry

3450-458: The communist teachings to the villages and urban centres. The Krantikari Adivasi Mahila Sangathan is a feminist organisation that was formed in 1986 as a result of the party's acknowledgment of extreme inequality against women, both within the party itself and among the tribal villages the party aimed to protect. They campaigned against the tribal tradition of forced marriage, bigamy and violence along with peasant rights. However, Shobha Mandi,

3525-510: The corporation has 23 departments. It has 47 wards, of which 14 wards are in Jalpaiguri district, while the remaining 33 wards are in Darjeeling district. The last municipal elections were held on 2015, when Communist Party of India (Marxist) won 23 seats, All India Trinamool Congress won 17 seats, Indian National Congress won 5 seats, Bharatiya Janata Party won 2 seats, while an independent candidate won 1 seat. The mayor of Siliguri for

3600-466: The country by middlemen who work on behalf of the Naxalites. About 40% of Naxal funding comes through the cultivation and distribution of opium. A surrendered Naxal claimed that they spent some of the money on public infrastructure while the rest is used for the sustenance of the group. In 2011, the Indian police accused the Chinese government of providing sanctuary to the movement's leaders, and claimed that

3675-465: The five-year term from 2015 till 2020 was Ashok Bhattacharya from CPI(M) , who was later elected as the local Member of Legislative Assembly as well. The term of the last elected body of Siliguri Municipal Corporation ended on 7 May 2020 but municipal elections could not be held because of the COVID-19 pandemic . A Board of Administrators was established with the outgoing mayor, Ashok Bhattacharya, as

3750-454: The government of the upper classes by force. Many urban elites were attracted to the ideology, which spread through Majumdar's writings. These writings essayed from the opinions of communist leaders and theorists such as Mao, Karl Marx , and Vladimir Lenin . The uprising led to the formation of Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) (CPI-ML) in April 1969, which was announced by Sanyal at

3825-450: The government's initiative to increase employment in these Maoist-affected areas. It found that the claims of the government that the Maoists blocked developmental schemes were not valid and the Maoists were responsible for the enforcement of minimum wages in the areas. Although Naxalite groups engaged in coercion to increase membership, the experience of poverty when contrasted with the state's economic growth, could have created an appeal for

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3900-442: The hottest month, August, is 27.1 °C. The temperature in peak summer sometimes exceeds 38 °C. On the other hand, the winter maximum temperature hovers around 20-25 °C, and the minimum drops 6-9 °C. January is the coldest month with an average temperature of 16.4 °C. The minimum temperature in winter season sometimes drops 5 °C or below. The highest temperature ever recorded in Siliguri is 41.9 °C, recorded on 7 June 2023, while

3975-471: The important sports enthusiast local clubs in Siliguri organise several cricket, football, volleyball, swimming competition, table-tennis matches etc. Sports Authority of India (SAI) in Kanchenjunga Stadium conducts football and athletics. With the provision for an international outdoor and indoor stadium, Siliguri has enough opportunities to host national level matches. This has led Siliguri become

4050-430: The late 1960s as a conflict between the tribal peasants and the land owners. This was attributed to a failure of the Indian government to implement constitutional reforms to provide for tribal autonomy with respect to natural resources on their lands, implement the land ceiling laws to limit the land possessed by the landlords and distribute the excess land to landless farmers and labourers. According to Maoist sympathisers,

4125-576: The lower slopes of Mahananda Wildlife Sanctuary contains Sal , Khair , Simul , Sissoo , Riverine grasslands and various rare species of plants like Orchids 2) East Himalayan Upper Bhabar Sal, mainly present at Jalpaiguri district which is characterised by a dense population of Microstegium chiliatum, Sal . Others are Terminalia tomentosa and Schima wallichii . 3) Eastern Tarai Sal Forest, generally found in lower altitudes compared to other two types of forest. This type of forest characterised by various species of bamboos , ferns , and Sal which

4200-491: The lowest was recorded on 8 January 2018, when the mercury plummeted to 1.9 °C. Rainfall and other conditions On an average, Siliguri gets above 3000 mm per year. Winters are mostly dry, with the summers being rainy. About 80% of the annual rainfall is felt between June and September, this period is known as monsoons or rainy season in the season cycle. Heavy showers are often felt in May, June, July, August and September. July

4275-443: The main leaders of the Naxalites were either eliminated or arrested. As a result of both external repression and a failure to maintain internal unity, the movement degenerated into extreme sectarianism and the original party fractured into more than 40 separate small groups. Naxalite organisations and groups were declared as terrorist organisations under the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act of India (1967) . The late 1970s saw

4350-772: The most important railway station in Northeast India. Due to tremendous growth, Siliguri is now far away from its past outlook, becoming the largest and fastest growing city in eastern India after Guwahati . The growth rate of Siliguri was 57.8% during 1971- 1981. Considering this growth, Siliguri came under the Integrated Urban Development Project program in 1981. Siliguri population growth rate rose to 46.8% of 1981–1991. A treaty between India and China for trade through Nathu La Pass , has expedited development and prospects of Siliguri as an international transportation and logistics hub. Later in 1994 Siliguri built

4425-494: The outfit was arrested. In the following years the organization lost most of its strength and influence and is considered as defunct. Naxalite Naxalism is the communist ideology of the Naxalites (or Naxals ), a grouping of political and insurgent groups from India. It is influenced by Maoist political sentiment and ideology. Inspired by Maoism, Charu Majumdar wrote the Historic Eight Documents , which became

4500-503: The police and the Salwa Judum, which had forced them to join the group. Naxalites conduct detailed socio-economic surveys before operating in a target area and depend on diverse resources. Studies have indicated correlation between the core area of insurgency and the areas with extensive natural resources. The mining industry is a major financial source, wherein they collect about 3% of the profits from each mining company that operates in

4575-471: The population in the Municipal corporation area is 5,13,264. Males constitute 51.44% of the population and females 48.55%. Population shares of Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe category persons in Siliguri municipal area are 8.84% and 1.25% respectively. The literacy rate in Siliguri is 77.64%. There are 154 notified and 31 non-notified slums in Siliguri, where 32% of Siliguri's population lives. Bengali

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4650-503: The progressive trends in social activism today can be traced indirectly to the issues raised by or associated with the Naxalite movement in 1967." In November 1967, a group led by Sushital Ray Chowdhury organised the All India Coordination Committee of Communist Revolutionaries (AICCCR). Mao Zedong provided ideological inspiration for the movement. He advocated that Indian peasants and lower class tribals overthrow

4725-470: The protective and developmental work in the villages as a result of Naxalism. Healthcare initiatives such as malaria vaccination drives and medical units in areas without doctors or hospitals have also been documented. As per an Indian government report, it was indicated that the Maoists "prevent the common villager's powerlessness over the neglect or violation of protective laws...[from] a trader who might be paying an exploitative rate for forest produce, or

4800-408: The revolutionary warfare was to take place not only in the rural areas as before, but now everywhere and spontaneously. He also declared an "annihilation line" and issued a dictum to assassinate individual "class enemies" such as landlords, businessmen, teachers, police officers, politicians and others. With the support of the government of India , Operation Steeplechase was launched with the aid of

4875-612: The seat. The last elections to the West Bengal Vidhan Sabha took place in 2021 . The Member of Legislative Assembly representing Siliguri Vidhan Sabha Constituency is Sankar Ghosh . Building plans in Siliguri are approved by Siliguri Municipal corporation; for building up to 3 storeys including parking, the Borough Offices give clearance, while for buildings with more than 3 storeys, the Building Department gives

4950-471: The spread of Naxalism to other states of India. By 1980, it was estimated that around 30 Naxalite groups were active, with a combined membership of 30,000 members. In South India , the Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) People's War was founded by Kondapalli Seetharamaiah in 1980. The People's Liberation Guerrilla Army , the armed wing of the CPI-M, was founded in 2000. The Maoist movement began in

5025-611: The state government. After the amendment of the act in 1956, 3/4 of the local representatives were elected, while the remaining nominated by the Deputy Commissioner. The first elected chairperson of Siliguri was Jagdish Chandra Bhattacharya. In 1994, the municipal council was upgraded to the Siliguri Municipal Corporation with 47 wards. It had five departments then: General Administration, Collection, License, Public Works and Sanitation and Public Health. As of now,

5100-431: The state probably accepted social services from Naxalite groups, and gave their support to the Naxal cause in return. The state's absence allowed the Naxalites to become the legitimate authority in these areas by performing state-like functions, including enacting policies of redistribution and building infrastructure for irrigation. Testimonies from people and surveys by government officials and journalists have highlighted

5175-523: The ward level. The Public Works Department of the corporation and Siliguri Jalpaiguri Development Authority are both responsible for the construction and maintenance of roads in Siliguri. Siliguri Jalpaiguri Development Authority also prepared the Traffic & Transportation Master Plan 2030 and the Comprehensive Mobility Plan for Siliguri Jalpaiguri Planning Area. Siliguri and surrounding

5250-488: The west by the country of Nepal , thus strategically so important. Siliguri falls under the humid subtropical climate ( Cwa ), when using the Köppen climate classification . Warm summers, cooler winters and a severe monsoon defines Siliguri's climate. Temperature The average annual temperature in Siliguri is 23.2 °C. In summer, the temperature varies from a minimum of 20-24 °C to a maximum of 30-35 °C. The temperature of

5325-688: Was banned by the Tamil Nadu State Government, and also by the Union Government on the recommendation of the State Government. It has been declared a terrorist organisation by the Government of India . The group also carried out several bomb attacks on government buildings, railways, and buses, causing significant damage and loss of life. The last major incident involving the group was a clash with police in 2005, in which four cadres of

5400-513: Was captured by the Kingdom of Nepal in 1788, after which Kirati and Nepali Lepchas came to settle in this region. At that time a river port on Mahananda , South of Siliguri in Phansidewa had an important role in having trade bond with Malda , Bengal and Bihar . This riverine trade line was thus used by the Bhutanese and Sikkimese to bring goods into their mainland. Siliguri started as

5475-638: Was divided into West Bengal and East Pakistan (later Bangladesh) in 1947, with Sikkim later merging with India in 1975. At this point many immigrants came to settle here for better infrastructure, which led to an increased population. Later in 1950 Siliguri achieved municipal status. Keeping in mind the importance of Siliguri, in 1951, the Assam rail link was established with newly made (1949) Meter gauge Siliguri Junction railway station . After few years in 1961 all these stations were connected with broad gauge New Jalpaiguri Junction railway station which later became

5550-509: Was integral to the party's programme." The Naxalbari uprising occurred in 1967 when farmers in Naxalbari , West Bengal, revolted with the support of the CPI-M. The event began the first wave of the Naxalite–Maoist insurgency , and influenced later waves. According to historian Sumanta Banerjee, there "can be no doubt that Naxalbari was a watershed in the recent history of India.... Most of

5625-643: Was reflected in its local governance as well. The earliest form of local urban governance was a Sanitation Committee set up in 1915. Its function was to dispose off night soil. Till 1921, most aspects of local governance in Darjeeling district, including Siliguri, was looked after by the Darjeeling Improvement Fund. In 1922, Siliguri Local Board with nominated members was created under the Bengal Local Self Government Act, 1885. In 1938,

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