62-614: Talcher Coalfield is located in Angul district in the Indian state of Odisha , in the valley of the Brahmani . Talcher is famous for its rich coal reserves and coal mining industry. Located in the state of Odisha, India, Talcher is a major center of coal production and home to several large coal mining operations. The region is known for its extensive coal fields, which have made it an important hub for coal-based industries and thermal power generation in
124-508: A population of 1,273,821, ranking of 380th in India (out of a total of 640 ). The district has a population density of 199 inhabitants per square kilometre (520/sq mi). Its population growth rate over the decade 2001–2011 was 11.55%. Anugul has a sex ratio of 942 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 78.96%. 16.21% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 18.81% and 14.10% of
186-715: A Chauhan Rajput from North India founded Chauhan rule in western Orissa. Sambalpur came under the Bhonsle of Nagpur when the Maratha conquered Sambalpur in 1800. After the Third Anglo-Maratha War in 1817, the British Government returned Sambalpur to the Chauhan king, Jayant Singh, but his authority over the other princely states was taken out. In January 1896, Hindi was made the official language of Sambalpur, replacing
248-404: A Municipality which comes under Sambalpur Municipal Corporation Area. As of 2011 India census, Although Sambalpur city has a population of 183,383, its urban population is 269,575, of whom 138,826 are males and 130,749 are females; this includes Burla and Hirakud. Sambalpur has an average literacy rate of 85.69%, in which male literacy is 90.30 and female literacy is 80.92 percent. The sex ratio
310-482: A country which was divided into two kingdoms, Sambhala and Lankapuri. Sambhala has been identified with Sambalpur and Lankapuri with Subarnapura ( Sonepur ). Sambalpur is located at 21°.27' North Latitude and 83°.58' East Longitude. The average elevation is 150.75 metres (494.6 ft) above the mean sea level. Sambalpur falls under the Zone-3 seismic number, which shows the possibility of an earthquake. Sambalpur lies on
372-651: A heavier than usual police presence. There are three Divisional Forest Officers posted in the District for Angul, Satkosia and Athamallik. They belong to the Indian Forest Service and are responsible for the preservation of wildlife and management of forests. In addition, the DFO at Deogarh exercises control over the Pallahara subdivision. A Regional Chief Conservator of Forests posted at Angul supervises them apart from heading
434-508: A profit before tax during 2010–2011 at Rs 4039.30 crore. Hirakud , in the vicinity of Sambalpur, was conceptualized as an industrial town by the erstwhile Chief Minister of Odisha, Biju Patnaik . On completion of the Hirakud Dam , power intensive industries such as aluminium smelters, cable manufacturing, steel re-rolling mills etc. established their presence in Hirakud. In the 1970s, Hirakud
496-468: A simpler and less formal approach to the personal god, a liberal and respectful attitude towards women and denial of caste system. From the seventh century A.D. onwards, many popular religious elements of heterogeneous nature were incorporated into Mahayana Buddhism which finally resulted in the origin of Vajrayana, Kalachakrayana and Sahajayana Tantric Buddhism. Tantric Buddhism first developed in Uddiyana,
558-626: A total of 225 Panchayats which are headed by an elected head called the Sarpanch assisted by an executive officer. The three urban areas of Angul, Talcher and Athamallik are each headed by an executive officer who report to the Collector through the Project Director, District Urban Development Agency. Maintenance of law and order is supervised by the Superintendent of Police (SP), an officer of
620-613: Is 942 and the child sex ratio is 882. The total children (0–6) in Sambalpur city were 18,555 as per the Census India report of 2011. There were 9,857 boys while 8,698 were girls. The economy of Sambalpur is basically dependent on trade. Most of the residents are either salaried or self-employed. Forest products play an important role in the economy in terms of contribution to revenue and domestic product. Kendu leaf, Coromandel ebony or East Indian ebony ( Diospyros melanoxylon ) also forms part of
682-604: Is English. Other media of instruction also exist in Sambalpur. Schools and colleges in Sambalpur are either government-run or run by private trusts and individuals. The schools are affiliated with either the Orissa State Board under BSE or CHSE , Indian Certificate of Secondary Education (ICSE) and the Central Board for Secondary Education (CBSE). After completing 10 years of schooling in secondary education, students enroll in higher secondary school, specialising in one of
SECTION 10
#1732870009787744-504: Is about 150 kilometres (93 mi) from the state capital Bhubaneswar . The district administration is headed by a Collector and District Magistrate, usually called the Collector who combines in his office the roles of revenue collection, law and order maintenance and implementation of development programmes. He is assisted at headquarters by two Additional District Magistrates (ADM) and by four Sub Collectors cum Sub Divisional Magistrates posted at Angul, Pallahara, Athamallik and Talcher for
806-542: Is actually a conglomeration of various parts with differing administrative history. Angul subdivision, roughly the central part of the district, was initially a feudatory state under the East India Company who had entered into a treaty with its rules after the lapse of Maratha authority in the area around 1803. In 1847, the then raja, Somanath Singh, revolted against the Company and was therefore deposed and exiled. His state
868-541: Is believed to be the Padmaseni temple of the submerged Padmapur village. The temples located inside the reservoir area were part of the then Padmapur, one of the oldest and most populous villages in the region prior to the dam construction. More than 200 temples were submerged by the dam; nearly 150 temples have either perished or are underwater and about 50 are visible during summer. These lost temples present excellent opportunities for scuba diving enthusiasts to explore under
930-416: Is between 564 and 1,187 metres (1,850 and 3,894 ft). The district has an area of 6,232 km (2,406 sq mi). It is bounded by Dhenkanal and Cuttack district in the east, Deogarh , Kendujhar and Sundargarh district in north, Sambalpur and Sonepur in west and Boudh and Nayagarh in the south side. The district is abundant with natural resources. Angul, The district headquarters
992-427: Is connected to the rest of Odisha and India by national highway – NH 53/Economic Corridor 1 (EC1) , which is a part of Asian Highway- AH46 ( Mumbai - Kolkata Highway). NH 55 connects with Cuttack and Bhubaneswar , State Highway 15 connects with Sonepur , State Highway 10 (SH10) connects with Jharsuguda and Rourkela and the new Biju Expressway connects Rourkela -Sambalpur- Bargarh - Jagdalpur . Most parts of
1054-415: Is created from 2nd till 5th Lok Sabha during 1957 till 1976. Badakumar Pratap Gangadeb got elected in 1957 and 1971 for 2nd and 5th Lok Sabha while Harekrushna Mahatab was elected in 1962 to 3rd and D. N. Deb was elected in 1967 to 4th Lok Sabha. Angul Seat ceased after the creation of Deogarh (Lok Sabha constituency) in 1977 from 6th Lok Sabha. Deogarh seat was also delimited in 2008. Angul district has
1116-557: Is dispatched daily to power stations in Odisha , Tamil Nadu , Andhra Pradesh , West Bengal and other parts of India. Coal was discovered in the Talcher Coalfields at Gopalprasad in 1837. Handidhua Colliery was opened by M/s Villiers in 1921. NCDC opened several mines – at South Balanda in 1960, Nandira in 1962 and Jagannath in 1972. Production rose from 0.91 million tonnes in 1972-73 to 33.10 million tonnes in 2001-02. Talcher Coalfield
1178-438: Is followed by a hot summer, from March to May. The summer gives way to the monsoon season. Since 1982 as per the data available with District Emergency section, Sambalpur, there has not been a single occurrence of cyclone in Sambalpur. There are possibilities of strong winds with the speed of 53 km/h (33 mph) before the onset of monsoon. The relative humidity is high during the rainy season, generally being over 75%. After
1240-506: Is one of a kind in India. Samaleswari Temple is the main temple of the goddess Samaleswari , located on the banks of river the Mahanadi. Sambalpur owes its name to her. Chiplima ( Chipilima Hydro Electric Project (CHEP) ) located about 37 km (23 mi) from Sambalpur, is known for a natural fall (24.38 m (80.0 ft) in height) harnessed for generating electricity. It is an ideal picnic spot and famous for Ghanteswari Temple ,
1302-434: Is subdivided into five production/ administrative areas: Talcher, Jagannath, Kalinga, Lingaraj and Hingula. Talcher Coalfield was linked by a rail line taking off from Nergundi on the east coast in 1922. Angul district Angul district ; also known as Anugul , is one of the thirty districts of Odisha in eastern India . The city of Angul is the district headquarters of Angul district. A major industrial hub of
SECTION 20
#17328700097871364-466: Is the home of the Sambalpuri sari . The city contains many temples, historic buildings and parks. Educational institutes include Sambalpur University , Veer Surendra Sai Institute of Medical Sciences and Research (VIMSAR), Veer Surendra Sai University of Technology (VSSUT), Gangadhar Meher University , Indian Institute of Management Sambalpur and Odisha State Open University (OSOU). Hirakud Dam ,
1426-794: Is the pioneering organisation for the promotion of Sambalpuri dance, and has been responsible for the revolutionary growth of this dance. It imparts education and training on this form of dance. Educational institutions in the city include Gangadhar Meher University , Government Women's College, Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose College, Lajpat Rai Law College , Silicon Institute of Technology, Sambalpur , Delhi Public School , Kendriya Vidyalaya , St. Joseph's Convent Higher Secondary School (SJC-SBP), Gurunanak Public School, Madnawati Public School (MPS), Indian Public School (IPS), St. John's School, Seven Hills Residential School (SHRS), Sri Aurobindo School (SAIIE&R) and DAV Public School . A new Indian Institute of Management, Sambalpur (IIM) has been set up in
1488-527: The British Library and Victoria and Albert Museum . Although it is generally accepted that Tantric Buddhism first developed in the country of Uddiyana or Odra Desha under King Indrabhuti, there is an old and well known scholarly dispute as to whether Uddiyana or Odra was in the Swat valley, Odisha or some other place. Indrabhuti , the oldest known king of Sambalpur, founded Vajrayana , while his sister, who
1550-597: The Indian Police Service . The SP is technically subordinate to the District Magistrate but in practice is almost completely independent except for certain statutory functions. He is assisted by Additional and Deputy SPs at the headquarters and by SDPOs at police subdivision levels. The district has a total of 25 thanas or Police Stations, each headed by an Inspector in-charge. Owing to the large industrial establishments and major mining related disputes, Angul has
1612-455: The Mahanadi and Maneswar Railway Station. Air The nearest airport is Veer Surendra Sai Airport , Jharsuguda (62 km; 39 mi) and Biju Patnaik International Airport , Bhubaneswar is located at a distance of (325 km; 202 mi). Other nearby airports are Swami Vivekananda International Airport , Raipur ; Birsa Munda Airport , and Ranchi . Sambalpur city is governed by
1674-701: The Odia language , which after violent protests was reinstated again. During the partition of Bengal in 1905 Sambalpur and the adjacent Odia-speaking tracts were amalgamated with the Odisha Division under Bengal Presidency . Bengal's Odisha division became part of the new province of Bihar and Odisha in 1912, and in April 1936 became the separate province of Odisha, with addition of Undivided Ganjam and Koraput districts from Madras Presidency. After Indian Independence on 15 August 1947, Odisha became an Indian state . The rulers of
1736-604: The City and State Highway 10 & 15 originate from the city. Sambalpur derives its name from the Goddess Samalei ( Odia : ସମଲେଇ ମାଁ ), who is regarded as the reigning deity of the region. The region in which Sambalpur city is located was also known as Hirakhanda from ancient times. Historically it has also been known as "Sambalaka". Claudius Ptolemy called it "Sambalak". Artifacts have been discovered that indicate settlement in prehistoric times. Some historians identify it as
1798-649: The Ganga Dynasty of Utkala (present-day coastal Odisha). Ultimately Kalachuris lost the Sambalpur Sonepur region to Gangas during reign of Anangabhima Deva-III (1211–1238 C.E.). The Ganga kingdom ruled the Sambalpur region for two more centuries, but faced aggression of the Bengal sultanate from the north and Vijayanagara and Bahmani empires of the south. These struggles weakened the Ganga hold on Sambalpur. Ultimately Ramai Deva,
1860-577: The Hirakud Dam. It was the first in India to adopt clean coal combustion technology that uses a circulating fluidised bed, which is considered environmentally friendly. Currently the smelter has a capacity of 213,000 tonnes per year (210,000 long tons per year; 235,000 short tons per year), and provides employment to around 1700 people. The pre-collegiate medium of instruction in schools is predominantly English and Odia . The medium of instruction in educational institutions after matriculation in colleges
1922-725: The Hirakud Dam. These temple are visible to visitors on boats only during the summer months of May and June. Sambalpur is part of Sambalpur (Lok Sabha constituency) . Sitting MP from Sambalpur is Mr Dharmendra Pradhan of Bhartiya Janata Party ( BJP ). The current MLA of Sambalpur (Odisha Vidhan Sabha constituency) is Jayanarayan Mishra of Bhartiya Janata Party ( BJP ). Previous MLAs from this seat were Dr. Raseswari Panigrahi ( BJD ), who won this seat in 2014; Durgashankar Pattanaik of INC , in 1995 and 1990; Sraddhakar Supakar of INC in 1985; Ashwini Kumar Guru of INC (I) in 1980; and Late Dr. Jhasaketan Sahu of JNP in 1977. Sriballav Panigrahi of Indian National Congress represented Sambalpur in
Talcher Coalfield - Misplaced Pages Continue
1984-536: The Odisha Administrative Service. The following is the list of blocks, tehsils and subdivisions in the district of Angul: Sub-division Blocks Tehsils In addition to the officers noted above, a chief development officer cum executive officer, Zila Parishad is posted at Angul. He supervises the functioning of the BDOs directly and reports to the Collector who is ex officio Chief Executive Officer of
2046-617: The Radhikapur West coal block which is known for its good quality coal. In December 2020, the coal mines were auctioned for supplying to an Aluminium Smelter plant in Jharsuguda. Sambalpur Sambalpur ( Sambalpur ) is the fourth largest city in the Indian State of Odisha . It is located on the banks of river Mahanadi , with a population of 335,761 (as per 2011 census). Prehistoric settlements have been recorded there. It
2108-500: The Satkosia Tiger Reserve. The civil and criminal justice system are under the District and Sessions Judge at Angul. He is assisted by Additional District Judges, Civil Judges (Senior and Junior) Divisions and Sub Divisional Judicial Magistrates. The District Magistrate, ADM and SDMs are also Executive Magistrates and report to the District and Sessions Judge in that capacity. According to the 2011 census , Angul district has
2170-550: The Somavamshi kingdom declined gradually. The dynasty lost its territories to the Nagas in the north-west, and the Gangas in the south. After the decline of Somvamshis the area came under Telugu Chodas for a short period. The last Telugu Choda king of south Kosala was Somesvara III who was defeated by Kalachuri king Jajalladeva-I around 1119 CE. The kalachuris had an intermittent conflict with
2232-573: The Superintendent at Sambalpur . After 1949, like the Angul subdivision, these were all merged to form a part of the Dhenkanal district. On April 1st, 1993, these were clubbed together and a new district with Angul as headquarters was constituted. Angul is located in the centre of the state of Odisha and lies between the latitudes of 20°31′N and 21°40′N and longitudes of 84°15′E and 85°23′E. The altitude
2294-501: The Zila Parishad. Various line departments like education, health care, agriculture are headed by officers of the rank of Deputy Collectors who are also directly under the operational control of the Collector. All departments also have a parallel setup at the block level with the BDO directly supervising the field level functionaries. Each block is further divided into Gram Panchayats. Angul has
2356-419: The bank of the river Mahanadi. The river flows to the west of the city and separates Burla from Sambalpur and Hirakud. The Hirakud Dam lies upstream of Sambalpur. Budharaja is a small reserve forest located within the city. Sambalpur experiences an extreme type of climate with hot and dry summers followed by humid monsoons and cold winters. The hot season commences from the first week of March and lasts until
2418-495: The biggest artificial lake in Asia, with a reservoir covering 743 km (287 sq mi) at full capacity with a shoreline of over 640 km (400 mi). It also attracts a large number of migratory birds in winter. The Leaning Temple of Huma , located about 25 km (16 mi) from Sambalpur, built in the 17th century, leans at an angle of approximately 47 degrees to the west. (Pasayat, 1998, 2003, 2004, 2007, 2008). It
2480-458: The birthplace of Kalki. The Mahabharatra (Vana Parva, 190.93–97) and Srimad-Bhagavatam Bhag.12.2.18 give reference of Shambhala as the birthplace. The world-famous Hirakud Dam , built in 1956 across the Mahanadi River, about 15 km (9.3 mi) from Sambalpur, is a major tourist attraction. It is one of the longest dams in the world, about 26 km (16 mi) in length. It also forms
2542-518: The carnival. Artists from different states of India take part in the carnival making it a colourful extravaganza. Kalachakra tantra was first taught by the Buddha to King Indrabhuti, the first dharmaraja of Shambhala. It is widely believed that the next Hindu avatar known as Kalki will be born at Sambalpur or Shambhala, as this place was known in olden times. There are several mentions of the place Shambhala in different Hindu and Buddhist religious texts as
Talcher Coalfield - Misplaced Pages Continue
2604-573: The city are well connected with government-provided Mo Bus services. Rail Sambalpur is one of the three railway divisions under East Coast Railway zone of Indian Railways . Sambalpur Junction railway station (SBP) is a major railway station in Odisha and headquarters of Sambalpur railway division . This railway station is the cleanest railway station of East Coast Railway declared by Indian Railway. There are three other railway stations serving Sambalpur: Sambalpur City Railway Station, Hirakud, across
2666-494: The city of "Sambalaka" mentioned by the second century CE Roman geographer Ptolemy , who mentioned that the city produces diamonds. In the fourth century CE, the Gupta emperor conquered the territory of "Dakshina Koshala", comprising roughly present day Sambalpur, Bilaspur, and Raipur. In the early sixth century CE Chalukya king Pulakesin II is said to have conquered south Kosala by defeating
2728-476: The city. The Sambalpur chapter of the Institute of Cost Accountants of India was set up in 2010. A cultural manifestation of the hidden age-old traditional performing art of a vast geographical area is possible through this annual celebration of the festival called Lok Mahotsav. This festival is a reflection of the socio-anthropological evolution of the people of India. Lok Mahotsav shows the integrity and unison of
2790-462: The country. According to Geological Survey of India , the Talcher Coalfield has reserves of 38.65 billion tonnes, the highest in India. Talcher Coalfield covers an area of 500 km (190 sq mi). The coal is of lower grade containing only about 35 per cent of fixed carbon, 70 per cent volatile matter and 25 per cent ash content. As of 2011, nearly one hundred thousand tonnes of coal
2852-493: The first two roles. Below subdivision level, the district is divided into 8 Blocks which are co-terminus with Tahsils. While the former deals with the development aspect, the latter is a revenue unit. The Block Development Officer (BDO) and Tahsildar cum Executive Magistrate are the respective heads of each. The Collector is usually an officer of the Indian Administrative Service while the other officers belong to
2914-402: The heritage, culture, music and lifestyle of Western Odisha . Live performances of folk music and dance from all parts of India are shown under one splendid stage. This is the marriage ceremony of the god Siva and goddess Parvati . Sitalsasthi is a carnival of folk dance and music along with decorated stands of gods and goddesses. People from all walks of life participate in large numbers in
2976-553: The local economy, with many bidi manufacturing units functioning in Sambalpur. Gole Bazaar is the main merchandising area of the city. It is famous for handloom and other textile products. Other merchandising areas are Khetrajpur, Fatak, V.S.S. marg, Budharaja and Farm road. Budharaja is the central hub of the malls and jewellery shops. Mahanadi Coalfields Limited , a subsidiary of Coal India Limited located at Sambalpur, produced 100.28 million tonnes (98.70 million long tons; 110.54 million short tons) of coal and had
3038-464: The longest earthen dam in the world and the largest artificial lake of Asia, is at Sambalpur. After the independence of India, many commercial and government establishments sprung up in and around Sambalpur. It is a major railway junction of Odisha with the headquarters of Sambalpur Railway Division under the East Coast Railway Zone . National Highway 53 , National Highway 55 pass through
3100-400: The new state of Orissa abolished the district and merged the Angul portion with Cuttack district . It later formed a part of Dhenkanal district after 1949. The Pallahara , Athamallik and Talcher subdivisions of the district were also separate feudatory states, known as Garhjats in Odisha. Each had a Raja as the ruler and a different administrative setup under the overall supervision of
3162-631: The population respectively. Languages of Angul district (2011) At the time of the 2011 Census of India , 95.50% of the population in the district spoke Odia , 1.41% Ho and 1.30% Hindi as their first language. The following are the five Vidhan Sabha constituencies of Angul district and the elected members of the Angul district: Since 2008, Angul district is represented in Dhenkanal (Lok Sabha constituency) and Sambalpur (Lok Sabha constituency) . Angul (Lok Sabha constituency) does not exist in 1952 general elections to 1st Lok Sabha. However it
SECTION 50
#17328700097873224-715: The presiding deity of the place. This temple played an important role for river navigation in the past. These are remnants of temples submerged after the dam was completed in 1957. In summer, due to the receding water of the dam, the structures become visible. These hidden treasures have finally caught the attention of historians and steps are being taken to understand the historical significance of these temples which periodically go under water, only to resurface again. Many temples have been destroyed after 58 years of underwater existence. However, some remain intact. Interest in these lost temples has been rekindled after two stones, etched with writing ('Shila Lekha'), were recovered from what
3286-592: The princely states of Western Odisha acceded to the Government of India in January 1948 and became part of Odisha state. From 1825 to 1827, Lieutenant Colonel Gilbert (1785–1853), later Lieutenant General Sir Walter Gilbert, 1st Baronet , G.C.B., was the political agent for the South West Frontier with headquarters at Sambalpur. Several paintings made during his stay at Sambalpur by an unknown artist are currently in
3348-432: The rainy season the humidity gradually decreases and the weather becomes dry towards the winter. The best time to visit Sambalpur is between September and March. The heaviest-ever recorded rainfall in Sambalpur was 581.9 mm (22.91 in) in 1982, which was the highest ever in Odisha until September 2010. The areas of the Sambalpur town on Mahanadi river sides/low-lying areas are prone to flooding. Roads Sambalpur
3410-486: The second half of June. In May, the temperature rises up to 47 °C (117 °F). In December, the temperature comes down to 5 °C (41 °F). Sambalpur gets rainfall from the south western monsoon. The most pleasant months in Sambalpur are from October to February, during which time the humidity and heat are at their lowest. During this period, temperatures during the day stay below 30 °C (86 °F) and drop to about 20 °C (68 °F) at night. This season
3472-515: The state, the district hosts numerous industries relating to coal, bauxite and steel apart from extensive forests including the Satkosia Tiger Reserve. The name "Angul" of the district originates from its headquarters, Angul . According to L.S.S. O’Malley, the name is believed to be a transformation of "Anugol," with a legend attached. In the past, the region was inhabited by Khonds , Savaras, and Gonds , with Khonds being predominant. It
3534-539: The then Panduvamsi king Balarjuna Sivagupta. The next dynasty to rule South Kosala was the Sombvamsi dynasty. Somavamshi King Janamajaya-I Mahabhavagupta (Circa 882–922 CE) consolidated the eastern part of Kosala comprising the modern undivided Sambalpur and Bolangir districts and established matrimonial relationship with the Bhauma-Kara dynasty ruling over the coastal modern Odisha. After Uddyotakeshari (c. 1040–1065 C.E.),
3596-689: The three streams – Arts, Commerce or Science . Since the 2000s, there have been a large number of professional institutions established in a variety of fields. The earliest schools established in Sambalpur were the CSB Zilla School (1852) and the Lady Lewis Girls High School (1942). VSS Medical College was established in 1959 and VSSUT in 1956. High School for Blind (1972) and High School for Deaf and Dumb (1972), Burla are Govt. educational institutions imparting education to physically challenged children. Sambalpur Kala Parishad
3658-412: Was a major industrial centre of Odisha, perhaps next only to Rourkela . At this point in time however, the main functional unit at Hirakud is the aluminium smelter of Hindalco and its associated units. The smelter set up by Jindal Steel and Power in 1959 at Hirakud and later acquired by Hindalco , was the country's second aluminium smelter operating on grid power sourced from the hydro power station of
3720-523: Was divided into principalities led by Khond chiefs, until the Odisha King established rule, aided by Rajputs and adventurers, over the Khonds who paid tribute. The last Khond chief, Anu, rebelled, and a conspiracy led to his deposition through a struggle called "gol." The conquerors commemorated their victory by naming the land "Anugol," which evolved into "Anugula" or "Anugol" in colloquial language. The district
3782-616: Was escheated as a Government Estate and was attached to the Orissa Division for administrative convenience. A Tahsildar was appointed in charge of the same. In 1891, the Bengal Presidency Government constituted Angul into a separate district and added the Phulbani subdivision of present day Kandhamal district to it. A Deputy Commissioner cum District Magistrate was appointed with extensive powers. This continued till 1936 when
SECTION 60
#17328700097873844-448: Was married to Yuvaraja Jalendra of Lankapuri (Suvarnapur), founded Sahajayana. These new Tantric cults of Buddhism introduced the mantra , mudra and mandala along with six Tantric Abhicharas (practices) such as Marana, Stambhana, Sammohana, Vidvesan, Uchchatana and Vajikarana. The Tantric Buddhist sects made efforts to raise the dignity of the lowest of the low of the society to a higher plane. It revived primitive beliefs and practices
#786213