Takanohana Kōji ( Japanese : 貴乃花 光司 , Hepburn : Takanohana Kōji , born August 12, 1972, as Kōji Hanada ( 花田 光司 , Hanada Kōji ) ) is a Japanese former professional sumo wrestler and coach. He was the 65th man in history to reach sumo's highest rank of yokozuna , and he won 22 tournament championships between 1992 and 2001, the sixth highest total ever. The son of a popular ōzeki ranked wrestler from the 1970s, Takanohana's rise through the ranks alongside his elder brother Wakanohana and his rivalry with the foreign born yokozuna Akebono saw interest in sumo and attendance at tournaments soar during the early 1990s.
207-479: Takanohana was the youngest ever to reach the top division at just 17, and he set a number of other age-related records. He had a solid but aggressive style, looking to get a right hand grip on his opponents' mawashi and move them quickly out of the ring. He won over half his bouts by a straightforward yorikiri , or force out. In his later career he suffered increasingly from injuries, and he retired in January 2003 at
414-420: A tsukebito of a losing san'yaku from this side who won a match during the day or who did not have a bout gives the water. For this occasion, the tsukebito are dressed in yukata with one sleeve removed ( katahada ). Until 1994, the yukata were worn as a loincloth as it is traditional to present the water in mawashi . If there is no winning tsukebito , or if he arrives late,
621-463: A basho . Gomenfuda ( 御免札 ) A vertical wooden sign erected at the entrance of the arena to announce the date of the honbasho and to show, during the Edo period, that the tournament was allowed by the authorities. Gomenkōmuru ( 蒙御免 ) 'Performing with permission'. A sumo term written on top of the banzuke and gomenfuda . Dating back to the Edo period to show that
828-495: A basho . Shusshin ( 出身 ) 'Birthplace' or 'place of origin'. Similar to the term fighting out of in sports like boxing or MMA . Heya are restricted to having no more than one wrestler whose shusshin is outside of Japan under normal circumstances. Sōken ( 総見 ) 'General view'. An open makuuchi practise session ( keiko ) held by the Yokozuna Deliberation Council at
1035-529: A dohyō-iri Danpatsu-shiki ( 断髪式 ) Retirement ceremony, held for a top wrestler in the Ryōgoku Kokugikan some months after retirement, in which his chonmage , or top knot, is cut off. A wrestler must have fought as a sekitori in at least 30 tournaments to qualify for a ceremony at the Kokugikan. Deashi ( 出足 ) Constant forward movement. Term used to refer to when
1242-508: A gozengakari dohyo-iri toward Emperor Shōwa in 1957 Gozengakari ( 御前掛かり ) Special makuuchi dohyō-iri performed during tenran-zumō . Makuuchi -ranked wrestlers (from maegashira to ōzeki ) face the emperor's rostrum in ranks, dressed in keshō-mawashi , the lower the rank the closer to the emperor. They then perform shiko and squat. They are then called by their shikona , rise and bow and departs before another higher ranked wrestler
1449-447: A honbasho . [REDACTED] The kaobure gonjō ceremony (by Utagawa Kunisada ) Kaobure gonjō ( 顔触れ言上 ) Reading aloud of large sheets of paper, before the start of the makuuchi division bouts, in which the name of the wrestlers who faces each other on the day after are written. The reader is either the tate-gyōji or a san'yaku-gyōji who reads aloud in a melodious fashion and hands them one by one to
1656-478: A yasumi ( 休み ) . In modern sumo, this situation is resolved with a break and subsequent restart or rematch. Though common in early sumo, hikiwake are very rare in the modern age and there has not been one since 1974. Recorded with a white triangle. Hinoshita Kaisan ( 日下開山 ) A nickname used to describe the first yokozuna , Akashi Shiganosuke . The term is sometimes used in reference to yokozuna in general, and appears stamped only on
1863-533: A yokozuna during a tournament. In practice this normally means anyone ranked maegashira 4 or above. Jonidan ( 序二段 ) The second-lowest division of sumo wrestlers, below sandanme and above jonokuchi . Jonokuchi ( 序の口 ) An expression meaning 'this is only the beginning'. The lowest division of sumo wrestlers. Jungyō ( 巡業 ) Regional tours in Japan and sometimes abroad, undertaken between honbasho , during which
2070-679: A make-koshi or losing record of 7–8 in November. In 1994, a year in which Akebono suffered several injury problems, Takanohana won the January and May tournaments, but was then outshone by Musashimaru , who won in July with a perfect 15–0 record. After taking the September 1994 championship, Takanohana now had six top division titles, but none had been won consecutively. No previous wrestler had ever accumulated so many titles before reaching sumo's highest rank. The Sumo Association nominated him for yokozuna after
2277-596: A civil lawsuit brought by the Sumo Association against the tabloid magazine Shūkan Gendai over allegations that his father benefited from a thrown match for the championship in 1975, saying, "she will essentially be fighting against me." He said he would take responsibility by resigning from the Sumo Association if she took the stand. In a radio interview Fujita said she would not testify, saying, "I will not drag my child down". In late 1992 Takanohana announced his engagement to actress Rie Miyazawa , news which sparked
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#17328695124172484-409: A stable training room ( keikoba ) next to the dohyō on which the oyakata and any guests sit to observe training. Akeni ( 明荷 ) The luggage box of wrestlers and gyōji evolving in the sekitori divisions. Akeni are always lacquered paper-and-bamboo boxes that share the same color scheme (green, vermilion and black). On the sides are three squares containing
2691-467: A Sunday. Nakairi ( 中入り ) The intermission between the jūryō and makuuchi bouts. [REDACTED] Takanoshō getting a nakazori haircut. Nakazori ( 中剃り ) Shaving of the hairs at the top of the head to make it easier to tie the chonmage . Negishi-ryū ( 根岸流 ) The conservative style of calligraphy used in the banzuke . See sumō-ji . Nekodamashi ( 猫騙し ) Clapping of
2898-525: A bonus of 130 million yen and was also made a "one generation" elder without having to purchase a share in the Association. This enabled him to keep his fighting name and he was now known as Takanohana Oyakata. With his father's health failing, he took over the operation of his training stable in January 2004, renaming it Takanohana stable . Its last sekitori , Takanonami retired shortly afterwards. During 2008, he added four new recruits to his stable,
3105-402: A bout with a predetermined outcome. Yobiage ( 呼び上げ ) The formal call made by the yobidashi in the ring. Depending on their rank, the sekitori -ranked wrestlers called may receive two yobiage to mark their status. Yobidashi ( 呼出 or 呼び出し ) Usher or announcer. General assistants at tournaments. They call the wrestlers to the dohyō before their bouts, build
3312-473: A bout, which results in disqualification. Examples include punching, kicking and eye-poking. The only kinjite likely to be seen these days (usually inadvertently) is hair-pulling. Koenkai ( 後援会 ) 'Supporters association'. A membership-based fellowship for the purpose of supporting or endorsing a particular stable or wrestler. Kōjō ( 口上 ) 'Speech'. A formal address in which wrestlers promoted to yokozuna or ōzeki ranks makes
3519-420: A bout. Historically, it was used by samurai officers in Japan to communicate commands to their soldiers. Gunbai-dōri ( 軍配通り ) The decision following a mono-ii affirming the original decision of the gyōji . Literally, 'according to the gunbai '. Gyōji ( 行司 ) A sumo referee. Gyōji gunbai sashichigae ( 行司軍配差し違え ) The decision following a mono-ii reversing
3726-430: A bout. It must be handed to him by a wrestler not tainted with a loss on that day, in the same manner of the chikara-mizu ( 力水 ) described above. Chirichōzu ( 塵手水 ) 'Washing the hands'. One of the many rituals preceding a sumo bout, in which both wrestlers squat facing each other, display their open hands, clap and extend their arms. This is done to demonstrate they do not hold or carry weapons, and that
3933-616: A ceremonial cup presented by the sitting Prime Minister of Japan or an intermediary to the makuuchi champion. Sukiabura ( 梳油 ) 'Suki oil'. A Japanese pomade similar to binzuke but cheaper to produce and now widely used for wrestlers' hair. Sumō-ji ( 相撲字 ) Calligraphy style with very wide brushstrokes used to write the banzuke . Sumōmoji ( 相撲文字 ) See sumō-ji . Sumōtori ( 相撲取 ) Literally, 'one who does sumo'. Sumo wrestler, but occasionally refers only to sekitori . Suriashi ( 摺り足 ) 'Sliding feet'. One of
4140-598: A flower-theme decorated corridor located in the Ryōgoku Kokugikan where visitor can buy souvenirs, tickets and refreshments in one of the 20 businesses. The corridor is decorated with flowers matching the current season: hana-mochi in January during the Hatsu-basho , wisteria in spring during the Natsu-basho and maple leaves in autumn during the Aki-basho . Each business has its own name and their history dates back to
4347-526: A heavily decorated apron worn by sekitori wrestlers for the dohyō-iri . These are very expensive, and are usually paid for by the wrestler's organization of supporters or a commercial sponsor. Kimarite ( 決まり手 ) Winning techniques in a sumo bout, announced by the referee on declaring the winner. The Japan Sumo Association recognizes eighty-two different kimarite . Kimon ( 鬼門 ) 'Demon's gate'. Glass ceiling for wrestlers, synonymous with insurmountable difficulties. Named after
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#17328695124174554-400: A late decision to compete. A shoulder injury caused him to miss two days, and after suffering successive losses to Dejima and Aminishiki he announced his retirement. He said he had no regrets and was thankful to have achieved so much in sumo. His father spoke of his relief at the decision, after seeing his son battle through so many injuries. Takanohana's record of 22 tournament championships
4761-513: A lengthy recuperation after that. Takanohana finally returned to the ring in September 2002, after the Sumo Association declared he must compete or retire. He finished behind Musashimaru on 12–3, the 16th time he had been a tournament runner-up. Considering how long he had been away, it was seen as an impressive comeback. However, he sat out the next tournament with a recurrence of the knee injury. He made another comeback in January 2003, making
4968-436: A little water on it to help prevent his opponent from getting a good grip on it. His choice will depend on the type of techniques he prefers to employ in his bouts. Thus a wrestler preferring belt sumo will usually wear it more loosely, while those preferring pushing techniques will tend to wear the mawashi more tightly. If a wrestler's mawashi comes off during a tournament bout, he is automatically disqualified. This
5175-418: A match at the discretion of the gyōji in order to reattach a wrestler's mawashi . Mawashi uchiwa ( 回し団扇 ) 'Rotating fan'. An action in which a gyōji who has mistakenly declared victory to the loser immediately redirects his gunbai to the winner to cover up the misjudgment. Me ga aku ( 目が明く ) 'To regain sight'. A wrestler who has been on a losing streak since
5382-433: A match. Nodowa ( 喉輪 ) Thrusting at an opponent's throat. Nokotta ( 残った ) Something the referee shouts during the bout indicating to the wrestler on defense that he is still in the ring. Literally translates as 'remaining' as in remaining in the ring. Nyūmaku ( 入幕 ) 'Into the curtain'. In sumo, a promotion from jūryō to makuuchi . Also called shinnyūmaku ( 新入幕 ) for
5589-399: A pair of arrows . The winner of the penultimate bout wins the bow strings. The ultimate bout winner was awarded a bow ( yumi ) but since the introduction of the yumitori-shiki ceremony it is no longer the case. Kōshō seido ( 公傷制度 ) 'Public Injury System'. Introduced in 1972, this system allowed a wrestler who had been injured in the ring during a tournament to sit out
5796-527: A person who loves sumo. The term comes from the word kakuriki ( 角力 ) , another name for sumo wrestling. Kokusai Sumō Renmei ( 国際相撲連盟 ) International Sumo Federation , the IOC -recognized governing body for international and amateur sumo competitions. Komebitsu ( 米びつ ) 'Breadwinner'. A talented wrestler who is successful and wins numerous prizes in the process, ensuring his financial subsistence and that his stable will be well provided for
6003-508: A playoff on the final day. He won his final championship in May 2001, again in a playoff against Musashimaru, but it came at a great cost. He had suffered serious knee ligament damage in a loss to Musōyama on the 14th day but he insisted on fighting until the end of the tournament. As a result, he then missed an unprecedented seven consecutive tournaments, undergoing surgery in Paris in July 2001 and having
6210-466: A professional sumo wrestler, although sumōtori is sometimes used instead. S [ edit ] [REDACTED] A yokozuna performing a shiko [REDACTED] The Prime Minister's Cup on display [REDACTED] Sumōmoji sample depicting the term edomoji Sagari ( 下がり ) The strings inserted into the front of the mawashi for competition. The sagari of sekitori wrestlers are stiffened with
6417-432: A psychological advantage. Shikiri-sen ( 仕切り線 ) The two short white parallel lines in the middle of the ring that wrestlers must crouch behind before starting a bout. Introduced in the spring tournament of 1928, they are 90 cm (35 in) long, 6 cm (2.4 in) wide and placed 70 cm (28 in) apart using enamel paint. Shiko ( 四股 ) The sumo exercise where each leg in succession
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6624-446: A recently retired sekitori used to buy from its previous owner or inherit from his father or father-in-law. Today, the wrestlers submit their wish to receive a kabu to the Association; which examines their candidacy and distributes the titles. Tsukebito ( 付け人 ) A rikishi in the lower divisions who serves as a personal attendant to a sekitori -ranked wrestler. Tsuna ( 綱 ) The heavy rope worn by
6831-515: A record of 9 wins and 6 losses in one tournament and do not have a double-digit record. It is often used for ōzeki who are then called kunroku ōzeki . Kuroboshi ( 黒星 ) 'Black star'. A loss in a sumo bout, recorded with a black circle. Kyūjō ( 休場 ) A wrestler's absence from a honbasho , usually due to injury. M [ edit ] [REDACTED] A mono-ii Maegashira ( 前頭 ) 'Those ahead'. The fifth-highest rank of sumo wrestlers, and
7038-432: A scheduled bout. If a wrestler withdraws from the tournament (injury or retirement), one loss by default will be recorded against him on the following day, and simple absence for the remainder. Recorded with a black square. Fusenshō ( 不戦勝 ) A win by default because of the absence of the opponent. The system was established for the honbasho in the May 1927 tournament. After the issue of Hitachiiwa Eitarō ,
7245-681: A seaweed-based glue. Sandan-gamae ( 三段構え ) A rare ceremony, performed by the two highest ranking wrestlers and a gyōji to demonstrate the "three stages" of sumo poise, seen only on special occasions. It has been performed only 24 times since the Meiji period , most recently with Harumafuji and Kakuryū in 2016 and with Hakuhō and Kisenosato in 2017. Sandanme ( 三段目 ) 'Third level'. The third lowest division of sumo wrestlers, above jonidan and below makushita . Sandanme tsukedashi ( 三段目付け出し ) A system instituted in 2015 where an amateur wrestler finishing in
7452-458: A similar amount of coverage to the Japanese royal wedding held that year. However the engagement was broken off the following year, reportedly because Miyazawa was seen by Takanohana's parents and the Sumo Association as being unwilling to sacrifice her career to become a regular stable wife. The role of the wife of a head coach in looking after the stable's recruits and liaising with supporter's groups
7659-480: A snip of his hair, instead of the normal 300 to 400. The ceremony, and the party held afterwards at the Imperial Hotel , were both broadcast live on Fuji TV . Takanohana was largely a yotsu-sumo wrestler, favoring techniques which involved grabbing his opponent's mawashi or belt. His preferred grip was migi-yotsu (right hand inside, left hand outside his opponent). His most common winning kimarite by far
7866-502: A speech after the decision of their promotion is conveyed by elders of the Japan Sumo Association. The address usually takes place in the stable (decorated with a golden byōbu and kōhaku maku ) in presence of the oyakata , his wife ( ōkami-san ), and supporters ( koenkai ). Formally dressed, both parties face each other kneel; bow; and make a formal speech. Kokakuka ( 好角家 ) A sumo connoisseur,
8073-670: A sport as opaque as sumo, means exaggerated stories about the habits or character of wrestlers. Inashi ( 往なし ) To sidestep or dodge. As opposed to when done at the tachiai when it is referred to as a henka , inashi is done after the initial tachi-ai to catch the opponent off guard and force him out in another direction. Intai ( 引退 ) 'Retirement'; the decision of an active sumo wrestler to quit competing definitively. The most famous retirees becomes TV personalities or trainers while lower rankers usually find jobs as cooks in chankonabe restaurant. The most accomplished wrestlers are usually granted
8280-415: A suffix as a personal honorific. Ōzeki ( 大関 ) 'Great barrier', but usually translated as 'champion'. The second-highest rank of sumo wrestlers. Ōzeki-tori ( 大関取り or 大関とり ) A sekiwake ranked wrestler in a position of potential promotion to the rank of ōzeki . R [ edit ] Rikishi ( 力士 ) Literally, 'powerful man'. The most common term for
8487-401: A sumo stable . Ottsuke ( 押っ付け ) Technique of holding one's opponent's arm to prevent him from getting a hold on one's belt. Literally, 'push and affix' as in affixing the opponent's arm against one's body and preventing it from reaching the belt. Oyakata ( 親方 ) A sumo coach, almost always the owner of one of the 105 name licenses ( toshiyori kabu ). Also used as
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8694-511: A sumo bout, in which the wrestlers throw handfuls of salt before entering the dohyō . According to Shinto beliefs, salt possesses purifying properties; as they cast salt into the ring, the wrestlers would then be cleansing the dohyō of bad energy and possibly protecting themselves from injury. The average amount a wrestler grabs and throws is around 200 g (7.1 oz), although some wrestlers throw up to 500 g (18 oz). Shiroboshi ( 白星 ) 'White star'. A victory in
8901-437: A sumo bout, recorded with a white circle. Shishō ( 師匠 ) 'Master, teacher'. A sumo elder in charge of a sumo stable. Shitaku-beya ( 支度部屋 ) 'Preparation room'. Room in which wrestlers in the ranks of jūryō and above wait before their matches. This is where they will place their belongings, put on their belt, and warm up for their match. Shokkiri ( 初っ切り ) A comedic sumo performance,
9108-438: A sumo referee during a bout, specifically when the action has stalled and the wrestlers have reached a stand-off. There are numerous theories as to its meaning but 'Put some spirit into it!' is widely cited. Hanamichi ( 花道 ) The two main east and west "paths" leading from the preparation rooms to the dohyō . Hanedaiko ( 跳ね太鼓 ) Drums sounded at the end of a tournament day inviting spectators to return
9315-485: A sumo wrestling event. On the day before the start of Edo period 's honbasho , yobidashi used to tour towns while beating portable drums as there were no news agencies. They read out the bouts and announced the days of the event. Today's yobidashi parade around the dohyō after the dohyō matsuri ceremony in the Ryōgoku Kokugikan and in the nearby streets and shops of sumo stables . Fusenpai ( 不戦敗 ) A loss by default for not appearing at
9522-540: A tag on the front of their mawashi that identifies them individually or the nation they are competing for, depending on the competition. Amateur sumo wrestlers are also allowed (or required, in the case of women wrestlers) to wear shorts or leotards under their mawashi while professional rikishi are not. Sometimes a rikishi may wear his mawashi in such a way as to give him some advantage over his opponent. He may wear it loosely to make it more difficult to be thrown, or he may wrap it tightly and splash
9729-417: A tournament. Gaining kachi-koshi generally results in promotion. The opposite is make-koshi . Kachi-nokori ( 勝ち残り ) Literally translates as 'the winner who remains'. During a day of sumo the 'power water' is only given to the next wrestler by either a previous winner on their side of the ring or the next wrestler to fight on their side of the ring so as not to receive the water from either
9936-495: A type of match common to exhibition matches and tours, similar in concept to the basketball games of the Harlem Globetrotters ; often used to demonstrate examples of illegal moves. Shonichi ( 初日 ) 'First day'. The first day of a tournament, or the first win after a series of losses. Shukun-shō ( 殊勲賞 ) Outstanding performance prize. One of three special prizes awarded to wrestlers for performance in
10143-403: A weight gain diet. It contains dashi or stock with sake or mirin to add flavor. The bulk of chankonabe is made up of large quantities of protein sources, usually chicken, fish (fried and made into balls), tofu , or sometimes beef; and vegetables (daikon, bok choy, etc.). Chaya-dori ( 茶屋通り ) lit. ' Teahouse street ' . Also called Annaijo Entrance,
10350-451: A whistleblowing hero." It was announced after a meeting of sumo elders on December 1, 2017 that Takanohana would only talk to the Sumo Association's crisis management team once the police investigation was concluded. On December 28 an emergency meeting of the board of directors recommended unanimously to dismiss Takanohana as a director for failing to promptly report Takanoiwa's injuries to the Sumo Association, and for failing to co-operate with
10557-419: A wrestler continuously moves forward as opposed to moving backwards or being moved backwards. Degeiko ( 出稽古 ) 'Going out to practice'. A practice session between wrestlers of competing stables. Generally organized between stables of a same ichimon . Denshamichi ( 電車道 ) 'Railroad'. Refers to a style of oshi-zumō where an opponent is blasted backward and quickly driven over
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#173286951241710764-403: A wrestler newly promoted and sainyūmaku ( 再入幕 ) for a wrestler making a comeback to the top division. O [ edit ] Ōichōmage ( 大銀杏髷 ) Literally 'ginkgo-leaf top-knot'. This is the hair style worn in tournaments by jūryō and makuuchi wrestlers. It is so named because the top-knot is fanned out on top of the head in a shape resembling a ginkgo leaf . It
10971-427: A wrestler with a big belly. Opposite of soppugata . Anideshi ( 兄弟子 ) A senior low-ranker at a sumo stable . Tasked with enforcing discipline and instructing the basics of heya life to the otōtodeshi . Azukari ( 預り ) 'Hold' or ' no decision ', a kind of draw . After a mono-ii , the gyōji or the shimpan "holds" the result if it was too close to call, which
11178-415: A year in food. In sumo, words related to money are used in connection with rice, because wrestlers in the past were paid in rice. Komusubi ( 小結 ) 'Little knot'. The fourth-highest rank of sumo wrestlers, and the lowest san'yaku rank. Kore yori san'yaku ( これより三役 ) 'These three bouts'. The final three torikumi during senshūraku . The winner of the first bout wins
11385-593: A year later was promoted to the top makuuchi division. Takanohana also coached Takakeishō , who reached the top division in January 2017. Takanohana became a judge of tournament bouts in February 2004, only a year after his retirement, a role for which elders normally have to wait at least four years. After the election of the Association's Board of Directors in February 2008, the Association appointed Takanohana as Associate Manager of Judging ( 審判部副部長 , shimpanbu-fukubuchō ) , replacing former yokozuna Chiyonofuji who
11592-475: A young yobidashi who points them at each cardinal point. Keiko ( 稽古 ) Term referring to practice or training in sumo. Keikoba ( 稽古場 ) 'Rehearsal room'. The practice area where daily training is happening in sumo stables. Kettei-sen ( 決定戦 ) A playoff between two or more wrestlers in a division who are tied for the lead on the last day of the tournament. Kenshō-kin ( 懸賞金 ) Prize money based on sponsorship of
11799-401: Is a functionary of the Sumo Association, working with new recruits at his former stable or associated ichimon , and who also arranges maezumō matches. Waki ga amai ( 脇が甘い ) 'Soft side'. A poor defense to prevent one's opponent from getting an underarm grip. Waki ga katai ( 脇が堅い ) 'Hard side'. Antonym of waki ga amai . A good defense in which the elbow
12006-402: Is a legitimate "outsmarting" move, and provides a necessary balance to direct force, henka meaning 'change; variation'. Any other kind of sidestepping maneuver done after the tachi-ai is called an inashi , meaning "a parry, sidestep or dodge". Heya ( 部屋 ) Literally 'room', but usually rendered as 'stable'. The establishment where a wrestler trains, and also lives while he
12213-437: Is a sign of a wrestler who has come up the ranks quickly as his hair has not yet had a chance to grow to a length in which it can be tied into a chonmage . In succession a wrestler starts with the zanbara style, then moves to the chonmage style, and then finally the ōichōmage style, which can only be worn by wrestlers in the top two divisions. Zenshō ( 全勝 ) A perfect tournament where, depending on
12420-463: Is also perceived as a hall of fame of sumo, as only those who stand or stood at the very top of the ranking are allowed to participate. Yokozuna Shingi Kai ( 横綱審議会 ) or Yokozuna Shingi Iinkai ( 横綱審議委員会 ) ' Yokozuna Deliberation Council '. A body formed in 1950 whose 15 members are drawn from outside the Japan Sumo Association, that meets following each honbasho to consider candidates for promotion to yokozuna . A recommendation
12627-466: Is attached to the flank to prevent an opponent's move. Wanpaku-zumo ( 腕白相撲 ) 'Naughty sumo'. Wanpaku is a Japanese term for a child, especially a boy, who does not obey and goes on a rampage. Wanpaku-zumo is sumo for elementary school-aged children. The Wanpaku Sumo National Championship is organized by JCI Tokyo and the Japan Sumo Federation . Its national final is held at
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#173286951241712834-417: Is called ai-yotsu ( 相四つ ) , or together yotsu . If however they are of opposite preferences, then it is known as kenka-yotsu ( 喧嘩四つ ) , literally fighting yotsu . In this situation, whoever gets his preferred grip is usually the victor. Yumitori-shiki ( 弓取式 ) The bow-twirling ceremony performed at the end of each honbasho day by a designated wrestler, the yumitori , who
13041-464: Is called. This rare ceremony, usually performed in the first day of a tournament, only occur when the emperor arrives for the in-ring ceremonies, if he comes during the bouts there will be no ceremony. The latest occurrence of the gozengakari was in January 2007 when Emperor Akihito came to the Ryōgoku Kokugikan . Gunbai ( 軍配 ) A war fan, usually made of wood, used by the gyōji to signal his instructions and final decision during
13248-408: Is extremely rare, but did occur in May 2000, when sandanme wrestler Asanokiri 's mawashi came off during a match with Chiyohakuhō . However, for most of sumo's history, whether or not a wrestler's mawashi came off during a bout was considered irrelevant, and the policy of disqualification only came into place when Japan began adopting European attitudes towards nudity. Wrestlers in
13455-488: Is foreseen, the wrestler on the upper side is allowed to support his weight by sticking out a hand on the ground ( kabai-te ) prior to the shini-tai wrestler touching the ground first. Although the wrestler on top touches first, he is still declared the winner. Kabu ( 株 ) See toshiyori kabu . Kachi-age ( 搗ち上げ ) Technique where the wrestler folds his arms and rushes forward to hit opponent's chest or chin to make his posture upright. This
13662-719: Is in the lower divisions. It is pronounced beya in compounds, such as in the name of the stable. (For example, the heya named Sadogatake is called Sadogatake-beya .) Heyagashira ( 部屋頭 ) The highest-ranked active wrestler in a stable (or heya ). Higi ( 非技 ) 'Non-technique'. A winning situation where the victorious wrestler did not initiate a kimarite . The Japan Sumo Association recognizes five higi . See [[[Kimarite#Higi 非技|kimarite]]] Error: {{Transliteration}}: transliteration text not Latin script ( help ) for descriptions. Hikae-zabuton ( 控え座布団 ) Also known as sekitori-zabuton . A zabuton used by wrestlers ranked in
13869-442: Is lifted as high and as straight as possible, and then brought down to stomp on the ground with considerable force. In training this may be repeated hundreds of times in a row. Shiko is also performed ritually to drive away demons before each bout and as part of the yokozuna dohyō-iri . Shikona ( 四股名 ) A wrestler's 'fighting name' or ' ring name ', often a poetic expression which may contain elements specific to
14076-407: Is modeled after the shinmei-zukuri architectural style typical of Shinto shrines. Four differently-colored tassels ( fusa ) are hung from it, representing the four spirits and replace the previous columns that used to maintain the roof. W [ edit ] Wakaimonogashira ( 若い者頭 ) 'Youth leader'. A retired wrestler (usually a former jūryō or maegashira ) who
14283-473: Is most commonly done at the tachi-ai and can also result in stunning the opponent. Literally translates as striking upward. The first kanji character is uncommon, and is also the one used to describe polishing rice or pounding mochi cakes. Kachi-koshi ( 勝ち越し ) More wins than losses for a wrestler in a tournament. This is eight wins for a sekitori with fifteen bouts in a tournament, and four wins for lower-ranked wrestlers with seven bouts in
14490-431: Is no bad intention or mistake in the organisation of the bouts. Makikae ( 巻き替え ) Changing from an overarm to an underarm grip on one's opponent's belt. If done properly can lead to a speedy victory, however if not done properly will often end in quick defeat. Makushita ( 幕下 ) 'Below the curtain'. The third highest division of sumo wrestlers, below jūryō and above sandanme . Originally
14697-449: Is now around 90 kg (200 lb). In 2009 he published a book detailing his weight loss methods. He ran for the chairmanship of the Sumo Association in 2016, but was defeated by Hakkaku Oyakata (ex- yokozuna Hokutoumi ). Following this he was replaced as General Enterprises Director, seen as the third highest position in the Association's hierarchy, by Kagamiyama Oyakata , and became the jungyo (regional tour) director. Takanohana
14904-400: Is now believed each performed the style named for the other). A yokozuna performs the ceremony with two attendants, the tachimochi ( 太刀持ち ) or sword carrier, and the tsuyuharai ( 露払い ) or dew sweeper. Dohyō matsuri ( 土俵祭 ) 'Ring Festival'. A Shinto ceremony in which the dohyō is purified and blessed prior to each basho . A head gyoji takes
15111-442: Is only worn during formal events such as tournaments. Otherwise even top rankers will wear their hair in a chonmage style. Okamisan ( 女将さん ) Stablemaster's wife. She oversees all stable's activities except coaching. Onna-zumō ( 女相撲 ) Sumo between female competitors . Women are not allowed to compete professionally or even touch a professional dohyō , but informal bouts between women did occur in
15318-638: Is passed back to the Sumo Association who have the final say. It also offers opinions on the performance of current yokozuna . Yosedaiko ( 寄せ太鼓 ) 'Gather around drum'. Drums sounded in the morning of a tournament to draw the crowds. Usually performed from the tower in front of the Ryōgoku Kokugikan , the drummers perform in front of the entrance during jungyo . Yotsumi ( 四つ身 ) A cross-grips situation in which each wrestler has an underarm grip on his opponent. Yotsu-zumō ( 四つ相撲 ) There are two main types of wrestling in sumo: oshi-zumō and yotsu-zumō . Yotsu-zumō
15525-409: Is recorded with a white triangle. In 1927, the system was abolished and a torinaoshi (rematch) now takes place instead; the last azukari was recorded in 1951. B [ edit ] [REDACTED] Banzuke for the January 2012 tournament Banzuke ( 番付 ) List of sumo wrestlers according to rank for a particular grand tournament, reflecting changes in rank due to
15732-516: Is regarded as a full-time job. In May 1995 Takanohana married television announcer Keiko Kono, eight years older than him. They have a son and two daughters. His son Yuuichi is a shoemaker and radio personality who is married to the daughter of former sumo wrestler Fujinoshin . It was reported in November 2018 that Takanohana and Kono had divorced. In September 2023, Takanohana's management office confirmed that he had married another woman in August 2023;
15939-421: Is required to enter the jonokuchi division for the following honbasho . Make-koshi ( 負け越し ) More losses than wins for a wrestler in a tournament. Make-koshi generally results in demotion, although there are special rules on demotion for ōzeki . The opposite is kachi-koshi . Maki ( 巻 ) Long scroll prepared by the gyōji before each main tournament , on which
16146-421: Is seen in a negative light. There is one other final yotsu grip known as moro-zashi ( 両差し ) , literally ' sashite on both sides', where both hands are inside and is a very strong grip. The only real defense for a moro-zashi grip is the kimedashi ( 極めだし ) technique where the defending wrestler wraps both of his arms over the moro-zashi grip and locks his hands underneath, which squeezes
16353-508: Is the loincloth that rikishi (sumo wrestlers) wear during training or in competition. Upper ranked professional wrestlers wear a keshō-mawashi as part of the ring entry ceremony or dohyō-iri . For top ranked professional rikishi (known as sekitori ), the mawashi is made of silk and comes in a variety of colours. It is approximately 30 feet (9 m) in length when unwrapped, about 2 ft (0.6 m) wide and weighs about 8 to 11 lb (4 to 5 kg). It
16560-402: Is the opposite where one's left ( hidari ) hand is inside the opponent's right arm. A yotsu-zumō fighter will typically prefer left or right and is referred to as migi-yotsu or hidari-yotsu fighter. If one has no preference, they are referred to as namakura-yotsu ( 鈍ら四つ ) , where namakura literally translates as 'lazy' or 'cowardly', suggesting that having no preference
16767-479: Is used exclusively by tokoyama hairdressers. Butsukari ( ぶつかり ) 'Collision'. A junior wrestler pushes a more senior wrestler (in a resistance position and presenting his torso) with force across the dohyō in order to build strength and learn hand placement. A demanding exercise that is repeated until exhaustion. C [ edit ] Chankonabe ( ちゃんこ鍋 ) A stew commonly eaten in large quantities by sumo wrestlers as part of
16974-401: Is usually from the makushita division, and is usually a member of a yokozuna 's stable. Yurufun ( ゆるふん ) A loosely tightened mawashi . Can be used on purpose to incapacitate wrestlers specializing in yotsu-zumō . Fun is an abbreviation of fundoshi . Yūshō ( 優勝 ) A tournament championship in any division, awarded to the wrestler who wins
17181-398: Is where both wrestlers grasp the other's belt with both hands, hence the literal translation: 'four sumo' or 'four hands on the mawashi sumo'. There are a few sub-types of yotsu-zumō . Migi-yotsu ( 右四つ ) is when one has sashite ( 差して ) on the right ( migi ), meaning that one has his right hand under his opponent's left arm and grasping his mawashi . Hidari-yotsu
17388-459: Is wrapped several times around the rikishi and fastened in the back by a large knot. A series of stiffened silk fronds of matching colour called sagari ( 下がり ) are inserted into the front of the mawashi . Their number varies from 13 to 25, and is always an odd number. They mark out the only part of the mawashi that it is illegal to grab on to: the vertical part covering the sumotori 's groin, and if they fall out during competition
17595-419: Is written in calligraphy the names of all the east and west wrestlers by ranks. The scroll allow the shimpan to prepare the matches. The results of each wrestler are written next to the kanji of his shikona . Above his name are written the names of those he defeated and below those who defeated him. The kanji kagami ( 鏡 ) , meaning "mirror", is written at the top of each scroll to indicates that there
17802-404: The gyōji (referee) will throw them from the ring at the first opportunity. Many rikishi are superstitious and will change the color of their mawashi to change their luck. Sometimes a poor performance will cause them to change colors for the next tournament, or even during a tournament, in an attempt to change their luck for the better. An example of this was done by Ōnoshō during
18009-436: The makuuchi division in the wait of their turns to step onto the ring. It is a large sized zabuton , filled with thicker cotton batting. The wrestler's ring name is embroidered on the center of the zabuton and it is often used as a gift given by patrons. Hikiwake ( 引分 ) A type of draw caused by a long bout that exhausted both wrestlers beyond the point of being able to continue. Also possibly known as
18216-511: The Nihon Sumō Kyōkai , and wearing traditional formal kimono. Shimpan-iin ( 審判委員 ) 'Umpire committee'. The shimpan as a group. Shin-deshi ( 新弟子 ) 'New pupil'. A new recruit into sumo. Shingitai ( 心技体 ) 'Heart, technique, and body': the three qualities of a wrestler. The most successful wrestlers will be strong in all three categories. Shini-tai ( 死に体 ) 'Dead body'. A wrestler who
18423-404: The banzuke in extensions or "overhangs" to the row for makuuchi wrestlers. This is now an informal designation, since presently all wrestlers are listed within the normal bounds of the row. Hassotobi ( 八艘飛び ) 'Eight-boat jump'. A kind of henka in which a wrestler jumps vertically at the tachi-ai in an attempt to avoid the opponent's charge. The name derives from
18630-459: The dohyō in coordination while squatting down in a conga line . Mushōbu ( 無勝負 ) 'No result'. A kind of draw; the gyōji does not count a win or a loss. This outcome was recognised in the Edo period . Musubi no ichiban ( 結びの一番 ) The final bout of the day. N [ edit ] Nakabi ( 中日 ) 'Middle day'. The eighth day of a honbasho , always
18837-407: The dohyō prior to a tournament and maintain it between bouts, display the advertising banners before sponsored bouts, maintain the supply of ceremonial salt and chikara-mizu , and any other needed odd jobs. Yokata ( 世方 ) People outside the sumo world. Yokozuna ( 横綱 ) 'Horizontal rope'. The top rank in sumo, usually translated 'Grand Champion'. The name comes from
19044-456: The gyōji 's original decision. Literally, 'referee pointed the gunbai incorrectly'. H [ edit ] Hachinana ( ハチナナ ) lit. ' eight-seven ' A Japanese expression meant to ridicule ōzeki who are underpowered but conveniently win and maintain their rank with a barely achieved kachi-koshi . It has a more bitter meaning than kunroku . Hakkeyoi ( はっけよい ) The phrase shouted by
19251-423: The jonidan rank in the next tournament. This system is no longer used. Shinjo shusse hirō ( 新序出世披露 ) Occasion co-ordinated where new wrestlers who have been accepted into professional sumo are presented to audience; they wear borrowed keshō-mawashi during this ceremony which takes place on the middle Sunday of each tournament. Shiomaki ( 塩撒き ) One of the many rituals preceding
19458-436: The jūryō division. See jūryō . K [ edit ] [REDACTED] An Edo-period wrestler wearing a keshō-mawashi Kabai-te ( 庇い手 ) Literally translates as 'defending hand'. When the two wrestlers fall together, the wrestler on the lower side is referred to as shini-tai , or 'dead body', meaning that he is the loser even if he does not touch the ground first. In this case, if injury
19665-438: The makushita division) who remains a member of the Sumo Association within his own stable to assist with various tasks, administrative or otherwise, in the stable and at tournaments and regional exhibitions. Shikiri ( 仕切り ) 'Toeing the mark'. The preparation period before a bout, during which the wrestlers stare each other down, crouch repeatedly, perform the ritual salt-throwing, and other tactics to try to gain
19872-407: The mawashi . Often referred to as a maemitsu grip, when one has a hold of the front of the mawashi . Maesabaki ( 前裁き ) Preliminary actions to knock away or squeeze the hands of one's opponent, in order to achieve an advantageous position. Maezumō ( 前相撲 ) 'Before sumo'. Unranked sumo wrestlers in their first bouts. Participation in at least one maezumō bout
20079-672: The shimpan when the gyōji 's decision for a bout is called into question. Technically, the term refers to the querying of the decision: the resulting discussion is a kyogi . Literally means, a "talk about things". Moro-zashi ( 両差し ) Deep double underarm grip which prevents the opponent from grabbing the belt. Moshi-ai ( 申し合い ) Practice bouts where the winner stays on and then chooses his next opponent. He will continue to fight until he has lost. [REDACTED] A mukade-suriashi at Tomozuma stable Mukade-suriashi ( ムカデすり足 ) 'Centipede sliding feet'. Sumo exercise in which wrestlers turn around
20286-573: The tegata of yokozuna to signify their rank. Honbasho ( 本場所 ) A professional sumo tournament, held six times a year since 1958, where the results affect the wrestlers' rankings. Hyōshigi ( 拍子木 ) The wooden sticks that are clapped by the yobidashi to draw the spectator's attention. I [ edit ] Ichimon ( 一門 ) A group of related stables . There are five groups: Dewanoumi, Nishonoseki, Takasago, Tokitsukaze, and Isegahama. These groups tend to cooperate closely on inter-stable training and
20493-553: The yobidashi gives the water. During the final jūryō bout, the yobidashi often give the water, since many wrestlers wait in the hanamichi for the makuuchi ring-entering ceremony. Kadoban ( 角番 ) An ōzeki who has suffered make-koshi in his previous tournament and so will be demoted if he fails to score at least eight wins. The present rules date from July 1969 and there have been over 100 cases of kadoban ōzeki since that time. Kakegoe ( 掛け声 ) The calls and shouts dictated by
20700-458: The yokozuna from which that rank takes its name. It weighs about 15 kg (33 lb), and is much thicker in front than where it is tied in back. Five shide , zig-zag paper strips symbolizing lightning, hang from the front. It strongly resembles the shimenawa used to mark sacred areas in Shinto . Tsunatori ( 綱取り ) An ōzeki in a position of potential promotion to
20907-526: The gyōji to officiate a match. Kakukai ( 角界 ) The world of sumo as a whole. Kanreki dohyō-iri ( 還暦土俵入り ) Former grand champion's 60th birthday ring-entering ceremony. Katahada ( 片肌脱 ) Method used by the kachi-nokori to undress their yukata of a shoulder in order to bring the chikara-mizu to the wrestler of the last match of the day. Kantō-shō ( 敢闘賞 ) Fighting Spirit prize. One of three special prizes awarded to wrestlers for performance in
21114-817: The Edo period , the keshō-mawashi also served as the wrestler's fighting mawashi . However, as the aprons become more ornate, eventually the two functions were split apart. In this period wrestlers were normally sponsored by feudal daimyō or overlords, whose clan crest would therefore appear on the keshō-mawashi . Make-koshi (Redirected from Make-koshi ) The following words are terms used in sumo wrestling in Japan. Contents: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W Y Z References External links A [ edit ] Agari-zashiki ( 揚座敷 ) The raised part of
21321-491: The Ryōgoku Kokugikan and the winner is crowned Elementary school yokozuna . Y [ edit ] [REDACTED] The yumitori-shiki ceremony, performed by Satonofuji . Yachin ga takai ( 家賃が高い ) A sumo wrestler who is ranked too highly for his abilities and gets poor results. Yamaiku ( やまいく ) In sumo slang, getting sick or getting injured. Yaochō ( 八百長 ) 'Put-up job' or 'fixed game', referring to
21528-471: The Ryōgoku Kokugikan . The session takes place in front of a considerable number of oyakata and many members of the sports and mainstream media. The event is usually filmed by different entities. After the workout, various specialists will voice their opinions on the state of the sport's top rankers. Soppugata ( ソップ型 ) In sumo slang, a thin wrestler. Opposite of ankogata . Sōridaijin-hai ( 総理大臣杯 ) The Prime Minister's Cup;
21735-402: The Sumo Association to style the hair of wrestlers and to fashion the elaborate ōichomage of sekitori for official tournaments and public engagements. Tomoesen ( 巴戦 ) A sumo play-off involving three wrestlers who are separated in east, west and neutral. The play-off begins with the eastern wrestler competing with the western. If the eastern wrestler win, he then faces
21942-468: The Taishō period , and until 1966 any wrestler who was a university graduate could enter pro sumo at the bottom of makushita . The system was changed in 1966, and from then until 2001 a wrestler who had achieved success as an amateur would begin at the rank of makushita 60, though the criteria were not as strict at the time. From 2001 until 2023, any wrestler who had won one of the four major amateur titles
22149-683: The Winter Olympics in Nagano (his place was taken by Akebono). He pulled out of the March 1998 tournament as well and was still below his best in May. Shunning the traditional treatment methods available from his stable, he turned instead to a physical therapist called Tashiro Tomita, who had a considerable influence over him. He became increasingly isolated from his father and brother, with his father claiming Takanohana had been "brainwashed" by Tomita. Despite his brother's promotion to yokozuna that year, creating
22356-477: The yakuza underworld after media reports that he was seen with a mobster during a visit to Ehime Prefecture to recruit new apprentices. Following the election of Hanaregoma as the new head of the Sumo Association in August 2010, Takanohana returned to the judging department as director of judging. At 38 he was the second youngest director of judging in the history of the Sumo Association. The following month he and his wife were awarded ¥8.47 million in damages by
22563-464: The 18th century and women currently compete in amateur competitions. Oshi-zumō ( 押し相撲 ) There are two main types of wrestling in sumo: oshi-zumō and yotsu-zumō . Oshi-zumō literally translates as 'pushing sumo', and is more commonly referred to in English as a 'pusher' ( oshi )-thruster ( tsuki ). One who fights in the oshi-zumō style prefers fighting apart, not grabbing
22770-420: The 19th century. Chikara-mizu ( 力水 ) 'Power-water'. The ladleful of water with which a wrestler ranked in jūryō or above will ceremonially rinse out his mouth in order to purify himself prior to a bout. The water is prepared by a yobidashi that draws water from the bucket with a ladle and hands it to the winning wrestler of the previous bout (known as the kachi-nokori ), who then gives
22977-432: The 2020 July tournament, when, after several losses in a row, he decided to change from crimson to dark gray. Sekitori only wear the silk mawashi during competitive bouts either during ranking tournaments or touring displays. During training, a heavy white cotton mawashi is worn. For senior sekitori in the top two divisions, this belt is coloured white, and it is worn with one end distinctively looped at
23184-530: The Board director. In February 2009 he was moved from the judging department to the jungyō (regional tour) department, a less high-profile position. Takanohana mentioned in October 2009 that he was interested in running for a spot on the Board of Directors in the February 2010 elections, and confirmed in January that he would stand, despite the fact that this would mean opposing the two officially sanctioned candidates of
23391-696: The Japan Sumo Association, after refusing to disavow the allegations in a letter of complaint that he filed with the Cabinet Office on March 9 over the Association's handling of the Takanoiwa affair. Although he withdrew the letter later that month following Takayoshitoshi's misbehavior, in August the Association demanded that he disavow what he wrote as "totally false," but he refused. He also announced that Takanohana stable will be dissolved with its wrestlers transferring to Chiganoura stable . He called his decision "agonizing and gut-wrenching" but said he could not "bend
23598-420: The Japan Sumo Association. Sekitori ( 関取 ) Literally 'taken the barrier'. Sumo wrestlers ranked jūryō or higher. Sekiwake ( 関脇 ) Literally 'next to the barrier'. The third-highest rank of sumo wrestlers. Senshūraku ( 千秋楽 ) The final day of a sumo tournament. Senshūraku literally translates as 'many years of comfort.' There are two possible explanations for
23805-467: The Japanese epic The Tale of the Heike , in which the samurai Minamoto no Yoshitsune leapt from boat to boat eight times to avoid his enemies. Hatsukuchi ( 初口 ) The first match of a division on a tournament day. Hazuoshi ( 筈押し ) Pushing up with hands under opponent's armpits. Hazu refers to the nock of an arrow where it makes contact with the bow string. Hazu can also mean
24012-456: The Japanese population on TV, becoming the youngest ever to defeat a yokozuna. Chiyonofuji retired two days afterwards. In January 1992, he became the youngest ever top division tournament champion (19 years 5 months). He was too young to drink the celebratory sake at the after tournament party, and had to make do with oolong tea instead. After his second championship in September 1992, followed by two good scores of 10–5 and 11–4 in
24219-509: The Nishonoseki ichimon or group of stables. As a result, Takanohana and six of his supporters, Ōtake (the former Takatōriki ), Futagoyama (the former Dairyū ), Otowayama (the former Takanonami ), Tokiwayama (the former Takamisugi ), Ōnomatsu (the former Masurao ), and Magaki (the former Wakanohana II ) left the Nishonoseki ichimon . Takanohana told a press conference, "I will leave the faction. I bid farewell to everyone in my greetings at
24426-564: The September tournament, but the Yokozuna Deliberation Council failed to endorse it by the required two-thirds majority, the first time this had happened in twenty five years. They insisted that two consecutive championships were required, having demanded the same of Akebono before his promotion. After changing the spelling of his shikona in November 1994, Takanohana at last managed to win two consecutive tournaments, with his second consecutive unbeaten 15–0 score, and his promotion
24633-631: The Sumo Association's accounts and assets. His victory was praised by the Japanese Prime Minister Yukio Hatoyama , who said Takanohana had let in "a new wind of change." In 2014, the JSA made the decision to recognize the Takanohana group formed from the stables ousted in 2010, as an official ichimon . In July 2010, in the wake of a scandal involving several wrestlers admitting to illegal gambling, he denied he had connections with members of
24840-645: The Tokyo High Court over 13 articles published by the Shukan Gendai and Gekkan Gendai in 2004 and 2005 concerning match-fixing allegations and the controversy over his father's inheritance. He left the judging department once again in 2012 and became the director of the Osaka tournament. Having reached a peak weight of 160 kg (350 lb) as an active wrestler, he has lost a great deal of weight since his retirement (more than retired wrestlers typically do) and
25047-485: The age of 30. He became the head coach of Takanohana stable in 2004 and was on the board of directors of the Japan Sumo Association from 2010 until January 2018, when he was removed and demoted in the Sumo Association's hierarchy. He resigned from the Sumo Association in September 2018. Takanohana comes from a family with a great sumo history, sometimes called the "Hanada Dynasty." His uncle Wakanohana Kanji I
25254-463: The basic sumo exercises, in which a wrestler cross a practice zone while squatting down, keeping his hips low and sliding his feet on the ground with their whole sole surface, not lifting them. Elbows and palms are facing up with arms close inside to imagine pushing an opponent. T [ edit ] [REDACTED] A tegata made by Terao [REDACTED] Emperor's Cup on display Tachi-ai ( 立ち合い ) The initial charge at
25461-399: The beginning of a bout. Tate-gyōji ( 立行司 ) The two designated highest ranking gyōji , who preside over the last few bouts of a tournament day. The highest ranking gyōji takes the professional name Kimura Shōnosuke while the lower takes the name Shikimori Inosuke. Tanimachi ( タニマチ ) An individual supporter. The word comes from a district of Osaka where, at
25668-458: The beginning of the 20th century, a dentist who was a sumo fan treated wrestlers for free. Tanimachi can sponsor wrestlers when individually or grouped together in koenkai . Tawara ( 俵 ) Bales of rice straw. Tawara are half-buried in the clay of the dohyō to mark its boundaries. Tegata ( 手形 ) 'Hand print'. A memento consisting of a wrestler's handprint in red or black ink and his shikona written by
25875-528: The belt as in yotsu-zumō , and usually winning with tactics of pushing, thrusting, and tsuppari . Oshi-zumō when done effectively can lead to a quick and decisive victory, but its exponents often fall prey to dodging motions or being slapped down, and may become helpless once the opponent gets a hold of their belt. Oshi-zumō fighters are generally thought of as simplistic, while yotsu-zumō fighters are seen more as technicians. Otōtodeshi ( 弟弟子 ) A junior disciple. Young low-ranker at
26082-419: The bout, awarded to the winner upon the gyōji 's gunbai . The banners of the sponsors are paraded around the dohyō prior to the bout, and their names are announced. Roughly half the sponsorship prize money goes directly to the winner, the remainder (minus an administrative fee) is held by the Japan Sumo Association until his retirement. Keshō-mawashi ( 化粧廻し ) The loincloth fronted with
26289-450: The ceiling when this is achieved during honbasho . However, it is not necessary to be at 100% capacity to unfurl the banner. Typically when seats are over 80% filled the banner is unfurled, however they have been unfurled with numbers as low as 75% and not unfurled with numbers as high as 95%. Matawari ( 股割り ) 'Split'. An exercise in which a wrestler sits on the ground with his legs wide apart, then lowers his torso to touch
26496-570: The consumption of alcohol to the strength of the wrestlers, as being alcohol resistant is said to be a show of power. In the past, wrestlers would pour beer or sake into a bowl the same size as a rice bowl and eat chanko while drinking. Today, the consumption of alcohol is an integral part of the celebration after a wrestler wins a tournament, as he drinks sake from a big rice wine cup ( sakazuki ). Basho ( 場所 ) 'Venue'. Any sumo tournament. Compare honbasho . Binbōgami ( 貧乏神 ) 'God of poverty'. In sumo ranking,
26703-443: The division right below makuuchi , explaining its name, before jūryō was split off from it to become the new second highest division. Makushita tsukedashi ( 幕下付け出し ) A system where an amateur wrestler that has finished in the top eight in designated amateur tournaments is allowed to skip the bottom three divisions and enter pro sumo at the bottom of the makushita division. The original system has existed since
26910-1460: The division, the wrestler finishes 15–0 or 7–0 in the tournament. References [ edit ] ^ Gunning, John (July 7, 2019). "Sumo 101: Tied bouts" . The Japan Times . Retrieved July 28, 2020 . ^ Sumo Reference: Bout query result (azukari) ^ Gunning, John (15 September 2019). "Sumo 101: Banzuke-gai" . The Japan Times . Retrieved 25 September 2019 . ^ "「引退相撲」と「断髪式」はどう違う？ 力士は全員、国技館で引退相撲ができる？ Ｑ＆Ａで回答" . Nikkan Sports (in Japanese). 28 May 2022 . Retrieved 2 June 2022 . ^ "henka" . jisho.org . ^ Sumo Reference: Bout query result (yasumi) ^ Sumo Reference: Bout query result (hikiwake) ^ Sumo Reference: Bout query result (itamiwake) ^ Gunning, John (7 November 2019). "Sumo injuries pose ever-present issues for wrestlers, rankings" . Japan Times . Retrieved 7 November 2019 . ^ Gunning, John (6 June 2018). "Army of okamisan work behind scenes to keep sumo stables running smoothly" . Japan Times . Retrieved 8 September 2020 . ^ Gunning, John (2 June 2021). "Dual yokozuna promotion could join list of recent rare events in sumo" . Japan Times . Retrieved 4 June 2021 . ^ Shuji, Miki (4 June 2020). "Long and short of sumo's prematch ritual shikiri" . The Japan News . Archived from
27117-431: The double inside grip together, weakening it, and allowing one to force the opponent out of the ring. Kime-dashi is also known as kannuki ( 閂 ) (usually written in hiragana as かんぬき ), and means 'to bolt' or 'to bar'. When two wrestlers who both fight in the yotsu-zumō style oppose each other and favor the same style grip, either migi-yotsu or hidari-yotsu , then they will fit together nicely in what
27324-406: The drum tower. The initial banzuke prior to each honbasho is written on the itabanzuke before being reduced and printed on paper as leaflets for programs. Itamiwake ( 痛み分け ) A draw due to injury. A rematch ( torinaoshi ) has been called but one wrestler is too injured to continue; this is no longer in use and the injured wrestler forfeits instead. The last itamiwake
27531-622: The edges of the ring by aggressive attacks. Deshi ( 弟子 ) An apprentice. Generally used to describe every lower-ranked wrestler ( makushita and below) in a stable. Also used to call every wrestler trained by the shishō or a more senior wrestler. Dezuiri ( 手数入り ) A yokozuna dohyo-iri performed as part of the New Year celebration at the Meiji Shrine in Tokyo. Dohyō ( 土俵 ) The ring in which
27738-527: The empress joins the emperor in watching sumo. They are escorted to their seats called kihin-seki ( 貴賓席 ) , which are only used by the royal family, by the Chairman of the Sumo Association who sits behind them and explains the happenings. Teppō ( 鉄炮 ) 'Gun' or 'Cannon'. Wooden pole used for slapping and Tachi-ai training, intended to strengthen the wrestlers' wrists, arms and shoulders. Tokoyama ( 床山 ) Hairdressers employed by
27945-400: The fight will be a fair and clean one. Chonmage ( 丁髷 ) Traditional Japanese haircut with a topknot, now largely only worn by sumo wrestlers, so an easy way to recognize that a man is in the sumo profession. D [ edit ] [REDACTED] A dohyō [REDACTED] A dohyō-iri ceremony [REDACTED] A yokozuna ( Kakuryū Rikisaburō ) performing
28152-455: The final day ( senshūraku ) of a honbasho , where the six scheduled wrestlers, three from east side and three from the west side in turn perform shiko simultaneously on the dohyō . San'yo ( 参与 ) 'Consultant'. Special rank in the toshiyori system in which oyakata are re-hired by the association as consultants on reduced pay for five years after mandatory retirement. As of 2024 , there are six san'yo in
28359-567: The first day of the tournament gets his first victory. Mizu-iri ( 水入り ) Water break. When a match goes on for around four minutes, the gyōji will stop the match for a water break for the safety of the wrestlers. In the two sekitori divisions, he will then place them back in exactly the same position to resume the match, while lower division bouts are restarted from the tachi-ai . Mochikyūkin ( 持ち給金 ) A system of bonus payments to sekitori wrestlers. Mono-ii ( 物言い ) The discussion held by
28566-433: The first ever sibling grand champions, the two were barely on speaking terms. Takanohana recovered to win the July and September 1998 tournaments, and was runner-up that November. In 1999, however, he was even more badly affected by injuries, including a dislocated shoulder, and managed only one score in double digits all year. After making peace with his family, Takanohana regained some of his consistency in 2000, although he
28773-399: The first for several years, bringing the total number of wrestlers in his charge up to ten. These include his first foreign recruit, a Mongolian with amateur sumo experience named Takanoiwa , and two twins. In July 2012 Takanohana produced his first sekitori level wrestler when Takanoiwa was promoted to the second highest jūryō division. He won the jūryō championship in January 2013 and
28980-1561: The free dictionary. Glossary of Sumo Terms Sumo Glossary Sumopedia at NHK World-Japan v t e Glossaries of sports Sports terms named after people American football Archery Association football Athletics Australian rules football Baseball derived idioms Basketball Board games Bowling Bowls Canadian football Chess chess problems computer chess Climbing Contract bridge Cricket Cue sports Curling Cycling parts Darts Disc golf Equestrian Australian and New Zealand punting North American horse racing Fencing Italian terms Figure skating Gaelic games Golf Gymnastics Ice hockey Kabaddi Kho kho Motorsport Pickleball Poker Professional wrestling Rowing Rugby league Rugby union Shooting sport Skiing and snowboarding Skiing and snowboarding Sumo Surfing Table tennis Tennis Trampolining Volleyball Water polo Wing Chun Category Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_sumo_terms&oldid=1259262493#make-koshi " Categories : Glossaries of sports Sumo-related lists Sumo terminology Hidden categories: CS1 Japanese-language sources (ja) Articles with short description Short description
29187-439: The front. Sagari are not worn during training. Rikishi ranked in the lower professional divisions wear a black cotton mawashi both for training and in competition. In competition, cotton sagari are inserted into the belt, but these are not stiffened. Amateur sumo wrestlers wear a cotton mawashi of any color without the looping accorded to the senior professional's training garb. Additionally, they may wear
29394-401: The ground between his legs. Matta ( 待った ) False start. When the wrestlers do not have mutual consent in the start of the match and one of the wrestlers starts before the other wrestler is ready, a matta is called, and the match is restarted. Typically the wrestler who is at fault for the false start (often this is both of them; one for giving the impression that he was ready to
29601-457: The hands at the tachi-ai to distract the opponent. Nihon Sumō Kyōkai ( 日本相撲協会 ) The Japan Sumo Association , the governing body for professional sumo (called ōzumō ( 大相撲 ) ). Nihon Sumō Renmei ( 日本相撲連盟 ) The Japan Sumo Federation [ ja ] , a public interest corporation that oversees amateur sumo ( アマチュア相撲 ) in Japan. Niramiai ( 睨み合い ) The staredown between sumo wrestlers before
29808-515: The investigation. Their recommendation was certified by a meeting of Sumo Association councilors and external members on January 4, with Takanohana demoted two rungs in the hierarchy. It is the first time that a director has been dismissed before the end of his scheduled term. He failed to gain re-election to the board in the February 2018 elections, receiving only two votes in the ballot. The Takanohana group had selected Ōnomatsu Oyakata (the former sekiwake Masurao ), as their preferred candidate and he
30015-403: The ladle to the wrestler of his side who is preparing for his own match. The wrestlers are encouraged to only take a sip instead of drinking the whole ladle. The ladle has been used since 1941, before that, sake cups were used. When water is given, the person holds the handle of the ladle with his right hand and supports it with his left hand while handing it to the person who takes the ladle. Thus,
30222-410: The lowest makuuchi rank. This rank makes up the bulk of the makuuchi division, comprising around 30 wrestlers depending on the number in san'yaku . Only the top ranks ( maegashira jō'i ( 前頭上位 ) ) normally fight against san'yaku wrestlers. Also sometimes referred to as hiramaku ( 平幕 ) , particularly when used in contrast to san'yaku . Maemitsu ( 前褌 ) Front of
30429-450: The meeting. I have stepped into the race as a candidate." The first contested elections since 2002, they took place by secret ballot on February 1, and Takanohana was elected to the board, replacing Ōshima . Seen as a reformer, he favored revamping the current ticket sales system and improving support for ex- rikishi , as well as encouraging sumo in primary schools, raising the pay of gyōji , yobidashi and tokoyama , and making public
30636-410: The most bouts. Yūshō arasoi ( 優勝争い ) 'Struggle for victory'. The championship race. Used to denote the ranking of wrestlers who can win the title near the end of the tournament. Z [ edit ] Zanbara ( ざんばら ) Loose and disheveled hair. Term for style of hair before wrestler's hair is long enough to put in chonmage hair style. When seen in upper divisions it
30843-458: The name "Takanohana" outside of the sumo world. In a press conference on May 19, 2019 Takanohana announced he would be establishing the Takanohana Dojo organization to promote sumo worldwide. He also ruled out any suggestion that he would enter Japanese politics. The Hanada family had generally received very positive press coverage while Takanohana and Wakanohana were active wrestlers, with
31050-424: The name of the owner in kanji. Yokozuna are typically allowed to use three boxes as they have more regalia. Amazumo ( アマ相撲 ) Amateur sumo, consisting of bouts between non-professionals, ex-professionals, or people otherwise ineligible to compete professionally such as women and minors. Includes individual and team competition at the international level. Ankogata ( アンコ型 ) In sumo slang,
31257-423: The neutral. If the eastern wins again, he wins the tournament. If not, the neutral wrestler remains on the dohyō and wrestles with the western wrestler. If the neutral wins again, he wins the tournament, and so on – the first to win two in a row wins the tournament. Torikumi ( 取組 ) A bout during a tournament. May also refer to a day's bout schedule. Torinaoshi ( 取り直し ) A rematch. When
31464-402: The new spouse's identity was not disclosed. Sanshō key: F =Fighting spirit; O =Outstanding performance; T =Technique Also shown: ★ = Kinboshi ; P = Playoff (s) Divisions: Makuuchi — Jūryō — Makushita — Sandanme — Jonidan — Jonokuchi Mawashi In sumo , a mawashi ( 廻し )
31671-493: The next tournament without any effect on his rank. It was abolished at the end of 2003 because it was felt too many wrestlers were missing tournaments with minor injuries. Kuisagaru ( 食い下がる ) Grabbing the front of the opponent's belt, placing one's head against their chest, and lowering one's hips in an effort to lower one's center of gravity in order to force out an opponent. Kunroku ( 九六 ) 'Nine and six'. Japanese slang used to ridicule wrestlers who have
31878-557: The next two tournaments, he was promoted to ōzeki in January 1993, the same tournament in which Akebono was elevated to yokozuna . During this period the two brothers created a so-called "Waka-Taka boom" and were credited with restoring sumo's popularity, particularly amongst younger audiences. Interest in sumo rose to its highest level since the era of Futabayama in the 1930s, with official tournaments ( honbasho ) selling out of tickets every day. Both Takahanada and his brother became sex symbols . Now known as Takanohana ( 貴ノ花 ) , he
32085-416: The nock-shaped area of the hand between the thumb and forefinger, so in this case means using the hazu of the hand to lock into the armpit of the opponent and push them upward to prevent them from getting a hold of one's belt. Henka ( 変化 ) A sidestep performed at the tachi-ai to avoid an attack and set up a slap-down technique , but this is often regarded as unsportsmanlike. Some say it
32292-410: The occasional transfer of personnel. All ichimon have at least one representative on the Sumo Association board of directors. In the past, ichimon were more established cooperative entities and until 1965, wrestlers from the same ichimon did not fight each other in tournament competition. Iitoko uru ( いいとこ売る ) 'Half-truth'. Making up a story by pretending to know something. In
32499-411: The officials decide. Fundoshi ( 褌 ) Also pronounced mitsu . General term referring to a loincloth, ornamental apron, or mawashi . Fundoshikatsugi ( 褌担ぎ ) 'Loincloth shoulder'. An apprentice tsukebito . An attendant who carries light cargo. Fure-daiko ( ふれ太鼓 ) Also pronounced fure-taiko . A taiko drum procession to announce the start of
32706-419: The opposite side or from a loser, which would be bad luck. This individual is known as the kachi-nokori . For the san'yaku matches it is traditional that wrestlers stay after their matches to avoid a wrestler being without kachi-nokori . In the event that all the san'yaku wrestlers on the same side lose, one side will not have a winner or a next wrestler to give them the water. In this rare case
32913-432: The order of left, right, and center. It is done to show gratitude to the gods Kamimusubi (left), Takamimusubi (right), and Ame-no-Minakanushi (center). Tennō-hai ( 天皇杯 ) Emperor's Cup, awarded to the winner of the top division tournament championship since 1925. Tenran-zumō ( 天覧相撲 ) Sumo performed in front of the emperor. In the past women were forbidden from watching sumo, however nowadays
33120-906: The original on 4 June 2020 . Retrieved 4 June 2020 . ^ Gunning, John (July 14, 2019). "Sumo 101: Shikiri sen" . The Japan Times . Retrieved December 25, 2020 . ^ Morita, Hiroshi. "Sumo Q&A" . NHK World-Japan . Retrieved December 25, 2020 . ^ Hall, Mina (1997). The Big Book of Sumo (Paperback). Berkeley, CA, USA: Stone Bridge Press. p. 31 . ISBN 978-1-880656-28-0 . ^ "Salt Tossing [塩まき] - SUMOPEDIA" . YouTube . NHK WORLD-JAPAN. 18 September 2019 . Retrieved 5 January 2022 . ^ "Actress's love of sumo pays off big time with post on yokozuna council" . Asahi Shimbun . 1 August 2022 . Retrieved 18 August 2022 . External links [ edit ] [REDACTED] Look up Category:Sumo in Wiktionary,
33327-434: The origins of this term. In gagaku (traditional Japanese court music) the term is tied with celebratory meaning to the last song of the day. In classic nōgaku theater there is a play known as Takasago , in which the term is used in a song at the end of the play. Today the term is used in kabuki and other types of performances as well. Sewanin ( 世話人 ) 'Assistant'. A retired wrestler (usually from
33534-553: The other and the other for moving before his opponent was ready) will bow to the judges in apology. The first kanji means 'to wait', indicating that the match must wait until both wrestlers are ready. Mawashi ( 廻し ) The thick-waisted loincloth worn for sumo training and competition. Mawashi worn by sekitori wrestlers are white cotton for training and colored silk for competition; lower ranks wear dark cotton for both training and competition. Mawashi matta ( まわし待った ) 'Mawashi break'. The interruption of
33741-438: The person receiving the water drinks with his right hand while holding the handle with his left. The wrestler who gave the ladle then passes the chikara-gami to the next wrestler. Chikara-gami ( 力紙 ) 'Power-paper'. The piece of calligraphy-grade paper with which a wrestler will ceremonially spit out the water while covering his mouth (there is a spitting spout) and wipes his mouth and sweat off his face prior to
33948-464: The press about the incident or co-operate with the Sumo Association's investigation. An editorial in the Nikkei Asian Review compared his actions to "an executive withholding from top management information that could rock the company." Sumo writer Chris Gould said Takanohana was under fire for breaking sumo's code of secrecy by going to the police, whereas "in most other sports he'd be lauded as
34155-399: The press holding them up as the ideal Japanese family and tending to ignore any splits between them. Their different attitudes towards both sumo philosophy and the outside world had been noted, with Takanohana being regarded as somewhat aloof and reserved and Wakanohana having a warmer personality. However, upon their father's death from cancer on May 30, 2005, a bitter rift between the brothers
34362-683: The produce of a sponsor of the rikishi (for example Bulgarian ōzeki Kotoōshū was sponsored by a Japanese brand of yogurt, "Bulgaria", which was prominently displayed on the front of his keshō-mawashi ) or be a gift from one of the rikishi 's support groups. Alternatively, some foreign-born rikishi (such as Czech -born Takanoyama ) bear their national flag on their keshō-mawashi . Popular rikishi may be given many of these keshō-mawashi . Yokozuna have matching sets of three keshō-mawashi , with two being worn by his wrestler "assistants" (his tachimochi and tsuyuharai ) during his ring entrance ceremony. In
34569-442: The rank of ōzeki . Their early career attracted much publicity, with each divisional promotion regarded by the media as part of an inevitable rise to the top ranks. Takahanada's progress was rapid and he set numerous age-related records, including the youngest ever makushita division tournament champion (16 years 9 months), youngest ever promoted to the second highest jūryō division (17 years 3 months), and
34776-500: The result of a bout is too close to call even after the shimpan hold a mono-ii , they may call for the bout to be re-fought from the tachi-ai . Toriteki ( 取的 ) Opposite of sekitori . Refers to every wrestlers ranked from makushita and below, it often refers only to the jonidan and jonokuchi . Toshiyori ( 年寄 ) A sumo elder. Toshiyori kabu ( 年寄株 ) 'Elder share'. A named coaching licence of which there are 105, which
34983-482: The results of the previous tournament. It is written out in a particular calligraphy (see sumō-ji ) and usually released on the Monday 13 days prior to the first day of the tournament. Banzuke-gai ( 番付外 ) 'Outsider to the list'. A wrestler who is not yet ranked, or has fallen off the banzuke due to injury or other reason for non-participation. Bariki ( 馬力 ) 'Vigour'. Cryptic term linking
35190-407: The right to become a toshiyori in order to train future generations of wrestlers. Intai-zumō ( 引退相撲 ) 'Retirement sumo'. A one-day exhibition tournament held during the danpatsu-shiki to commemorate the retirement of a salaried wrestler . Itabanzuke ( 板番付 ) 'Board ranking'. A large wooden sumo ranking hung outside the tournament venue, usually at the basis of
35397-401: The role of a priest and reads a norito (called Kojitsugonjo ( 故実言上 ) ). He then pours sake on the four corners of the ring and bury six good luck items which called Shizumemono (washed rice, dried chest nuts, dried squid, dried kelp, salt and Torreya nucifera fruits), in a center of the ring, then pour sake there. A fure-daiko procession then takes place to formally open
35604-502: The rope a yokozuna wears for the dohyō-iri . See tsuna . Yokozuna-kai ( 横綱会 ) An event held every year after the Kyūshū tournament, where former and current yokozuna gather together. It has a long history, dating back to 1953. In recent years, it takes place as a dinner party held once a year at first-class hotels and high-class restaurants in Fukuoka-city . It
35811-495: The same month. The two brothers had to move from the family quarters in the stable and join the communal room with all the other new recruits. They were also instructed not to refer to their parents as "father" and "mother" any more but as "oyakata" and "okamisan" (coach and coach's wife). Kōji initially wrestled under the name Takahanada ( 貴花田 ) , and it was understood that he would only be allowed to adopt his father's shikona of Takanohana (meaning noble flower ) when he reached
36018-401: The stable in July 2001, and had only been rumored up to that point. She has now reverted to her old name of Noriko Fujita and published a book and appeared on TV, revealing details of life as a stablemaster's wife that are seldom heard outside the sumo world. Takanohana has rarely spoken to her since. In June 2008 he spoke of his distress at the news that she had been named as a defence witness in
36225-563: The sumo wrestlers hold their matches, made of a specific clay and spread with sand. A new dohyō is built prior to each tournament. Dohyō-iri ( 土俵入り ) Ring-entering ceremony, performed only by the wrestlers in the jūryō and makuuchi divisions. The east and west sides perform their dohyō-iri together, in succession; the yokozuna have their own individual dohyō-iri performed separately. The main styles of yokozuna dohyō-iri are Unryū and Shiranui, named after Unryū Kyūkichi and Shiranui Kōemon (although it
36432-661: The supreme rank of yokozuna . Generally, promotion requires two consecutive championships or a similar performance. Tsunauchi ( 綱打ち ) A ceremony in which a tsuna of a current or former yokozuna is created by other sumo wrestlers and presented. Tsuppari ( 突っ張り ) To rapidly deliver harite ( 張り手 ) or 'open hand strikes' to the opponent. This technique is frequently employed by oshi-zumō wrestlers. Tsuriyane ( 吊り屋根 ) 'Suspended roof'. A 6.5-tonne (6.4-long-ton; 7.2-short-ton) structure held in place by 2.2 cm (0.87 in) thick wires that can bear almost five times as much weight. It
36639-411: The system was modified to the modern form. Prior to this, an absence would simply be recorded for both wrestlers, regardless of which one had failed to show. Recorded with a white square. G [ edit ] Gaburi-yori ( がぶり寄り ) Pushing the opponent with the torso. Ginō-shō ( 技能賞 ) Technique prize. One of three special prizes awarded to rikishi for performance in
36846-448: The tomorrow. [REDACTED] Asashōryū and Kotoshogiku displaying a hanmi stance Hanmi ( 半身 ) 'Half body'. In martial arts, a stance with legs in an L-shape, with one leg bent in front and other extended behind. Haridashi ( 張り出し ) 'Overhang'. If there are more than two wrestlers at any san'yaku rank, the additional wrestlers are termed haridashi . Prior to 1995, such wrestlers were listed on
37053-412: The top jūryō wrestlers. Top jūryō wrestlers are often called to bout with makuuchi wrestlers, but their income stays at that of a jūryō . Binzuke ( 鬢付け ) Also called binzuke abura (' binzuke oil'). A Japanese pomade, which consists mainly of wax and hardened chamomile oil that was used to style sumo wrestlers' hair and give it its distinctive smell and sheen. It
37260-554: The top 8 of either the All-Japan Championships, All-Japan Corporate Championships, National Student Championships, or the National Sports Festival Adults tournament was allowed to skip the bottom two divisions and start at the bottom of the sandanme division. In 2023 the system was changed, and those who now finish 9th through 16th in designated tournaments can start at the bottom of sandanme , while
37467-446: The top eight can start at the bottom of makushita . Also as of 2023, high school competitors placing in the top four in designated high school events are allowed to start at the bottom of sandanme . (See also makushita tsukedashi .) Sanshō ( 三賞 ) 'Three prizes'. Special prizes awarded to makuuchi wrestlers for exceptional performance. San'yaku ( 三役 ) 'Three ranks'. The "titleholder" ranks at
37674-440: The top of sumo. There are actually four ranks in san'yaku : yokozuna , ōzeki , sekiwake and komusubi , since the yokozuna is historically an ōzeki with a license to perform his own ring-entering ceremony. The word is occasionally used to refer only to sekiwake and komusubi . San'yaku soroibumi ( 三役揃い踏み ) Ritual preceding the kore yori san'yaku or final three bouts on
37881-526: The tournament period. The dohyō matsuri can also happen in the stable to bless the keikoba . E [ edit ] Ebanzuke ( 絵番付 ) Picture banzuke with paintings of top division sekitori , gyōji and sometimes yobidashi . F [ edit ] Fudadome ( 札止め ) 'Sold out,' meaning that seats are 100% sold out. In contrast to man'in onrei which means full house and can be claimed when seats are anywhere between 75–95% filled, depending on what
38088-554: The tournament was authorized by the temple magistrates, where sumo tournaments where usually held. Goningake ( 五人掛け ) Also known as goningakari ( 五人掛かり ) . An exhibition match in which five lower-ranked wrestlers are challenged one after another by a senior high-ranking wrestler. For example, on May 29, 2022, during an Aminishiki Ryūji 's retirement ceremony, yokozuna Terunofuji faced simultaneously Atamifuji , Midorifuji , Nishikifuji , Terutsuyoshi and Takarafuji . [REDACTED] Makuuchi wrestlers perform
38295-441: The traditional geomancy beliefs that the north-east direction brings misfortune. In everyday language, it came to be used as a word referring to 'something that is likely to have an unpleasant result.' Kinboshi ( 金星 ) 'Gold star'. Awarded to a maegashira who defeats a yokozuna during a honbasho . It represents a permanent salary bonus. Kinjite ( 禁じ手 ) 'Forbidden hand'. A foul move during
38502-468: The truth and say that what was in my complaint was untrue." The JSA in response denied pressuring Takanohana to do this, or to align his stable with an ichimon , and spokesman Shibatayama said they had not yet accepted his resignation as Takanohana had not used the correct documents. They accepted Takanohana's retirement, and the closure of Takanohana stable, on October 1, 2018. He received 10 million yen for retirement and bonuses, and has been allowed to use
38709-495: The two upper divisions, makuuchi and jūryō , are allowed to wear a second ceremonial keshō-mawashi during their ring entering ceremony. The silk 'belt' opens out at one end into a large apron which is usually heavily embroidered and with thick tassels at the bottom. The fringe and tassels of the keshō-mawashi are usually gold but may be any color except purple, which is reserved for use by yokozuna and ōzeki only. The keshō-mawashi may advertise
38916-490: The wrestler in calligraphy on a square paperboard. It can be an original or a copy. A copy of a tegata may also be imprinted onto other memorabilia such as porcelain dishes. Only sekitori wrestlers are allowed to make hand prints. Tegatana ( 手刀 ) 'Knife hand'. After winning a match and accepting the prize money, the wrestler makes a ceremonial hand movement with a tegatana known as tegatana o kiru ( 手刀を切る ) where he makes three cutting motions in
39123-625: The wrestler's heya . Japanese wrestlers frequently do not adopt a shikona until they reach makushita or jūryō ; foreign wrestlers adopt one on entering the sport. On rare occasions, a wrestler may fight under his original family name for his entire career, such as former ōzeki Dejima and former yokozuna Wajima . Shimekomi ( 締込 ) The silk mawashi worn by sekitori for competition. Shimpan ( 審判 ) Ringside judges or umpires who may issue final rulings on any disputed decision. There are five shimpan for each bout, drawn from senior members of
39330-472: The wrestlers give exhibition matches. Junyūshō ( 準優勝 ) An informal designation for a second-place finish in a sumo championship. Jūryō ( 十両 ) 'Ten ryō ', for the original salary of a professional sumo wrestler. The second-highest division of sumo wrestlers, below makuuchi and above makushita , and the lowest division where the wrestlers receive a salary and full privileges. Jūmaime ( 十枚目 ) Another name for
39537-427: The youngest ever promoted to the top makuuchi division (17 years 8 months). In March 1991, in his fourth top division tournament, Takahanada was runner-up with twelve wins, and became the youngest ever sanshō or special prize winner, receiving awards for Fighting Spirit and Technique. In the following tournament in May 1991 he defeated veteran yokozuna Chiyonofuji in a match watched by 44 percent of
39744-400: Was yori-kiri , a simple force out, which accounted for 52 percent of his victories. He also regularly employed uwatenage , or overarm throw, and this was the technique he used to defeat Asashōryū in the second of their two meetings, in September 2002. After his retirement he became an elder (or member) of the Japan Sumo Association . Because of his great achievements in sumo he was given
39951-728: Was a yokozuna from 1958 to 1962, and his father Takanohana Kenshi had held the second highest rank of ōzeki for a then record 50 tournaments from 1972 to 1981. Upon his retirement his father established the training stable ( heya ) Fujishima stable . The young Kōji Hanada had been practicing sumo since elementary school and won the equivalent of a yokozuna title in junior high school. Upon his graduation in 1988 he formally joined his father's stable. His elder brother Masaru had been planning to complete high school but dropped out so as not to lag behind his brother. Takanohana and his brother made their professional debuts together in March 1988, with future rival Akebono also beginning his career in
40158-509: Was allowed to start their sumo career at makushita 15; those that won two of those titles in the same year could start at makushita 10. (See also sandanme tsukedashi .) Makuuchi ( 幕内 ) or maku-no-uchi ( 幕の内 ) 'Inside the curtain'. The top division in sumo. It is named for the curtained-off waiting area once reserved for professional wrestlers during basho , and comprises 42 wrestlers. Man'in onrei ( 満員御礼 ) 'Full house'. Banners are unfurled from
40365-445: Was also the youngest ever to be promoted to ōzeki at 20 years 5 months. With the foreign born Akebono as sumo's only yokozuna , there was a great weight of expectation on Takanohana to make the next step up. However, his lack of consistency, and Akebono's dominance, delayed his promotion to yokozuna . He won his third championship in May 1993, but lost a playoff to Akebono in the following tournament in July, and even produced
40572-442: Was at his peak as a yokozuna between 1995 and 1997, during which time he won 11 of the 17 tournaments he entered, finishing runner-up in the other six. He produced two more perfect scores of 15–0, in September 1995 and September 1996. Overall he won 80 out of 90 bouts he fought in 1995, 70 out of 75 in 1996, and 78 out 90 in 1997, far ahead of any other wrestler. In three of the tournaments Takanohana did not win during this period, he
40779-423: Was confirmed. He had been at the ōzeki rank for 11 tournaments, or nearly two years. However, at 22 years and 3 months, he was still the third youngest yokozuna ever at the time. Takanohana's total of seven tournament championships by the start of 1995 was the same as the total won by Akebono, who had reached the yokozuna rank two years before him. However, Takanohana now pulled ahead of his rival. He
40986-501: Was criticized for his delay in notifying the Sumo Association that Takanoiwa would miss the November 2017 tournament because of injuries allegedly sustained in an assault by the yokozuna Harumafuji at a restaurant in bar in Tottori Prefecture in late October. Takanohana reported the incident to the police but did not submit a medical certificate for his wrestler until near the start of the tournament. Takanohana refused to speak to
41193-600: Was defeated by stablemates in playoffs: once to Wakanohana and twice to ōzeki Takanonami . Sumo rules prevent wrestlers from the same heya meeting in regular tournament bouts (playoffs excepted) which meant Takanohana avoided not only his brother and Takanonami but also sekiwake Akinoshima and Takatōriki . The merger of his father's Fujishima stable with his uncle's Futagoyama stable in 1993 had added even more top division wrestlers to this list, giving him an advantage over Akebono, who had to face them all. By September 1996 Takanohana had won 15 tournament championships, and
41400-413: Was duly elected, but Takanohana decided to run as well. In March 2018 Takanohana was demoted again, to the lowest rank of toshiyori , due mainly to the behavior of his wrestler Takayoshitoshi , who was suspended for one tournament for punching his attendant in the dressing room after a match. He returned to the shimpan or judging committee. On September 25, 2018 Takanohana announced his resignation from
41607-402: Was elected to serve the Board as a director. For an organization that tends to follow seniority over achievement in its organization appointment, it was highly unusual for them to place a 35-year-old to such an influential position. However both former yokozuna , Kitanoumi and Chiyonofuji whom Takanohana is often compared to, served a stint as Associate Manager of Judging prior to their becoming
41814-424: Was not technically the first to touch outside the ring but is nonetheless ruled the loser due to his opponent having put him in an irrecoverable position. Shinjo ( 新序 ) A designation given to wrestlers who had performed well in maezumō that allowed them to participate in jonokuchi in the same tournament. Additionally, if they performed well at this stage, they were allowed to skip straight to
42021-494: Was recorded in 1999. Recorded with a white triangle. J [ edit ] Ja-no-me ( 蛇の目 ) 'Snake's eye'. The finely brushed sand around the ring that is used to determine if a wrestler has just touched his foot, or another part of his body, outside the ring. The yobidashi ensure this is clean of any previous marks immediately prior to each bout. Jōi-jin ( 上位陣 ) 'High rankers'. A term loosely used to describe wrestlers who would expect to face
42228-405: Was still only 24 years old. However, after sitting out the first tournament of his career in November 1996 due to a back injury suffered on a regional tour, he put on more weight and began to be more susceptible to injury and illness. Takanohana was affected by a liver disorder in the first half of 1998, which caused him to withdraw from the January 1998 tournament and miss the opening ceremony of
42435-430: Was temporarily sidelined by an elbow injury suffered in the July tournament. His brother had retired in March, and several other members of his stable were now past their best. With Akebono dominant once more, his best results that year were two runner-up performances. Takanohana won his first tournament in over two years in January 2001, winning his first fourteen bouts and then defeating fellow yokozuna Musashimaru in
42642-536: Was the fourth best in sumo history, behind only Taihō , Chiyonofuji and Kitanoumi at the time. Junichiro Koizumi , the Prime Minister , was among those paying tribute. His retirement left no Japanese born wrestlers at the yokozuna rank and was widely regarded as being the end of an era. Takanohana's danpatsu-shiki , or official retirement ceremony, was held at the Ryōgoku Kokugikan on June 1, 2003. Unusually, Takanohana allowed only 50 guests on stage to take
42849-527: Was widely reported in the Japanese media. Takanohana felt he should be the chief mourner at the funeral as he had remained in the Sumo Association whilst his brother had left to become a TV celebrity , but the role went to Wakanohana as the elder brother, as is traditional. However, with their father reported to have left no will, it was suggested that the feud revolved around control of his estate. Takanohana also condemned his mother for her extramarital affair, which led to her divorce from his father and exit from
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