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26-449: The amount of wire required to operate Taisun is nearly 50,000 meters or just over 31 miles, allowing it to lift a maximum of 80 meters. Taisun was built to install very large (up to 20,000 tons) integrated modules on top of a vessel's hull. Traditionally, offshore vessels such as drilling semi submersibles or FPSOs were built from the ground up in modules of 1000 to 2000 tons, which meant that much installation, hook up and commissioning work

52-399: A "solution" consists of projects and other definitions. It can be defined as "a set of state policies and/or agencies unified around a particular issue or oppression". Therefore, these kinds of projects involve constant change and dynamism due to the social constructions that evolve among time. State projects have to adapt to the current moment. They are mostly community services based. In

78-472: A barge, ballasted with water. However, it was surpassed by the Honghai Crane when the new crane was completed in 2014, with a lift capacity at 22,000 tonnes. Man-hour A man-hour or human-hour is the amount of work performed by the average worker in one hour . It is used for estimation of the total amount of uninterrupted labor required to perform a task. For example, researching and writing

104-529: A building). It seeks the realization of a unique and innovative deliverable , such as a product , a service , a process, or in some cases, a scientific research. Each project has a beginning and an end, and as such is considered a closed dynamic system. It is developed along the 4 Ps of project management: Plan, Processes, People, and Power (e.g. line of authority). It is bound by the triple constraints that are calendar, costs and norms of quality, each of which can be determined and measured objectively along

130-672: A college paper might require eighty man-hours, while preparing a family banquet from scratch might require ten man-hours. Man-hours exclude the breaks that people generally require from work, e.g. for rest, eating, and other bodily functions. They count only pure labor. Managers count the man-hours and add break time to estimate the amount of time a task will actually take to complete. Thus, while one college course's written paper might require twenty man-hours to carry out, it almost certainly will not get done in twenty consecutive hours. Its progress will be interrupted by work for other courses, meals, sleep, and other human necessities. The advantage of

156-450: A larger amount of effort and more independent work than that involved in a normal essay assignment. It requires students to undertake their fact-finding and analysis, either from library/internet research or from gathering data empirically. The written report that comes from the project is usually in the form of a dissertation , which will contain sections on the project's inception, analysis, findings and conclusions. In project management,

182-671: A project managerially as a sequence of events: a "set of interrelated tasks to be executed over a fixed period and within certain cost and other limitations". A project may be a temporary (rather than a permanent) social system ( work system ), possibly staffed by teams (within or across organizations ) to accomplish particular tasks under time constraints . A project may form a part of wider programme management or function as an ad hoc system. Open-source software "projects" or artists' musical "projects" (for example) may lack defined team-membership, precise planning and/or time-limited durations. The word project comes from

208-420: A project consists of a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product , service or result. Another definition is a management environment that is created for the purpose of delivering one or more business products according to a specified business case . Projects can also be seen as temporary organizations. Project objectives define target status at the end of the project, reaching of which

234-440: A task, including required recovery times from physically strenuous work, as well as legally required breaks or other human interactions. If it includes 15-minute breaks, it is written as (PSH15). A related concept is productive machine hours (PMH). Project A project is a type of assignment, typically involving research or design, that is carefully planned to achieve a specific objective. An alternative view sees

260-659: A year varies greatly according to cultural norms and economics . The average annual hours actually worked per person in employment as reported by OECD countries in 2007, for example, ranged from a minimum of 1,389 hours (in the Netherlands ) to a maximum of 2,316 hours (in South Korea ). The concept of productive system hours (PSH) has been used in forestry in Austria and by extension to other work. It includes time for breaks and can be used to calculate how long it may take to complete

286-563: Is considered necessary for the achievement of planned benefits. They can be formulated as SMART criteria : Projects are often guided by a steering group . The evaluation (measurement) occurs at the project closure. However, a continuous guard on the project progress should be kept by monitoring and evaluating. In civil, military and industry (e.g. oil and gas) infrastructure, capital projects refer to activities to construct and install equipment, facilities and buildings. As these activities are temporary endeavors with clear start and end dates,

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312-496: Is of most use when considering 'piece-work', where the activity being managed consists of discrete activities having simple dependencies, and where other factors can be neglected. Therefore, adding another person to a packaging team will increase the output of that team in a predictable manner. In transport industry, this concept is superseded by passenger-mile and tonne-mile for better costing accuracy. In reality, other factors intervene to complicate this model. If some elements of

338-475: Is that organization, training, and co-ordination activities could more than outweigh the potential benefits of adding extra staff to work on a task, especially if considered only over a shorter time period. The similar concept of a man-day , man-week , man-month , or man-year is used on large projects . It is the amount of work performed by an average worker during one day, week, month, or year, respectively. The number of hours worked by an individual during

364-401: Is the termination of a project prior to its completion and generally includes the cessation of access to funding and other project resources. Project cancellation may result from cost overruns , schedule overruns, changes in budget , change or obviation of the goal of the project, political factors, or any combination of those and other factors. Contracts often stipulate the time and

390-596: The Latin word projectum from the Latin verb proicere , "before an action", which in turn comes from pro- , which denotes precedence, something that comes before something else in time (paralleling the Greek πρό) and iacere , "to do". The word "project" thus originally meant "before an action". When the English language initially adopted the word, it referred to a plan of something, not to

416-543: The act of actually carrying this plan out. Something performed in accordance with a project became known as an " object ". Every project has certain phases of development. Based on the Project Management Institute , a project can be defined as a "temporary endeavor" aimed to drive changes in teams, organizations, or societies. The output of a project is normally a unique product, service, or result. Projects can be short-term or long-term. Project cancellation

442-432: The context of infrastructure code, a project is a collection of code used to build a discrete component of the system. There is no rule on how much a single project or its component can include. It is the performance of services, including consultation, operation, management, administrative or other services, for the project. For examples: Site One Landscape Supply provides project services for project bids and submittals in

468-490: The landscaping industry. Jubilee Scholars consulting firm provides multidisciplinary project services. It is a project that is meant to improve the lives of others, often done without expecting anything in return. It can benefit individuals, a non-profit, or a community A service project can directly address community needs, indirectly address community needs through research, organization, or community action; and provide research and advocacy for change in society, politics, and

494-459: The man-hour concept is that it can be used to estimate the impact of staff changes on the amount of time required for a task, which can done by dividing the number of man-hours by the number of workers available. For example, if a task takes 20 man-hours to complete then a team of 2 people will complete it in 10 hours of work, while a team of 5 people will complete it in 4 hours. This is, of course, only appropriate to certain types of activities. It

520-443: The manner in which a project may be cancelled. Contracted projects typically have a specified end date, when the contract may or may not be renewed; nonrenewal often has the same effect as cancellation but carries different legal ramifications. A project consists of a concrete and organized effort motivated by a perceived opportunity when facing a problem, a need, a desire or a source of discomfort (e.g., lack of proper ventilation in

546-418: The per person productivity of the individual worker. Another example is the adage, "Just because a woman can make a baby in nine months, it does not follow that nine women can make a baby in one month." This adage is often cited in systems development to justify the belief that adding more staff to a project does not guarantee it will get done quicker. Another problem with this model, as Fred Brooks noted,

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572-415: The project lifecycle. Some projects produce some level of formal documentation, the deliverable(s), and some impacts, which can be positive and/or negative. A project is an individual or collaborative enterprise that is carefully planned and researched about by students. At schools, educational institutes and universities, a project is a research assignment - given to a student - which generally requires

598-518: The same. Economies of scale and diseconomies of scale further lead to a non-linear relationship between the number of workers doing a given task and the amount of time it takes them to complete it. Some tasks cannot be done by less than a required minimum number of workers (e.g. lifting heavy loads) or they will be done with drastically better efficiency if the workforce exceeds a minimum efficient scale . In other cases an excessive number of workers might get in each other's way, reducing efficiency and

624-411: The task have a natural timespan, adding more staff will have a reduced effect: although having two chefs will double the speed of some elements of food preparation, they roast a chicken no faster than one chef. Some tasks also have a natural number of staff associated with them: the time to chop the vegetables will be halved with the addition of the second chef, but the time to carve the chicken will remain

650-509: The term "project" is applied. Because the results of these activities are typically long-standing infrastructure, with a life measured in years or decades, these projects are typically accounted for in financial accounting as capital expenditures, and thus they are termed "capital projects". In computer software , a project can consist of programs, configuration definitions and related data. For example, in Microsoft Visual Studio ,

676-512: Was left to be done on board where access is limited and efficiency is decreased. Taisun facilitates simultaneous construction of the lower and upper parts of the vessel which allows for a shorter overall project schedule, manpower improvements of up to two million man-hours while safety and quality levels are improved. The Guinness World Records state that Taisun holds the world record for "heaviest weight lifted by crane", set on April 18, 2008 at 20,133 metric tonnes (44,385,667.25 lb) by lifting

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