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52-423: The park was designated in 1977 with attractions like: Granite rocks in the north and volcanic rocks in the south form the geological composition of this area. Another country park adjacent to it, named Tai Tam Country Park (Quarry Bay Extension) , was designated in 1979. 22°15′25″N 114°12′09″E  /  22.25701°N 114.20262°E  / 22.25701; 114.20262 This article about

104-501: A picnic area, outdoor stone BBQ stoves and a roofed resting pavilon . A set of stairs located behind the roofed resting pavilion allows a direct climb to the summit of Mount Butler . The Mount Parker Viewing Point, a scenery viewing site, is situated within the Quarry Pass. Public toilet A public toilet , restroom , bathroom or washroom is a room or small building with toilets (or urinals ) and sinks for use by

156-436: A street furniture contract between the out-of-home advertising company and the city government and allow these public conveniences to be installed and maintained without requiring funds from the municipal budget. Various portable toilet technologies are used as public toilets. Portables can be moved into place where and when needed and are popular at outdoor festivals and events. A portable toilet can either be connected to

208-411: A certain size. The technical review consultation on increasing accessibility and provision of toilets for men and women in municipal and private sector locations outlined the context in a call for evidence to be submitted: There needs to be proper provision of gender-specific toilets for both men and women, with a clear steer in building standards guidance. In recent years, there has been a trend towards

260-468: A country park, a special area or a marine park in Hong Kong is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This Hong Kong Island location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Tai Tam Country Park (Quarry Bay Extension) Tai Tam (Quarry Bay Extension) Country Park ( Chinese : 大潭（鰂魚涌擴建部份）郊野公園), also known simply as Quarry Bay Country Park (鰂魚涌郊野公園), on

312-438: A facility featuring toilets and sinks designed for use by the public, but "restroom" and "bathroom" are often used interchangeably for any room with a toilet (both in public and in private homes). "Restroom" is considered by some to be slightly more formal or polite. "Bathroom" is quite common in schools . "Comfort station" sometimes refers to a visitor welcome center such as those in national parks. The term restroom derived from

364-460: A high standard, although provisions were higher for men than women. Most have been closed as they did not have disabled access, and were more prone to vandalism and sexual encounters, especially in the absence of an attendant. A few remain in London, but others have been converted into alternative uses such as cafes, bars and even dwellings. In the early days of the colony of Hong Kong, people would go to

416-478: A hoist for an adult, a full-sized changing bench, and space for up to two caregivers . Public toilets have frequently been inaccessible to people with certain disabilities . As an "away-from-home" toilet room , a public toilet can provide far more than access to the toilet for urination and defecation . People also wash their hands , use the mirrors for grooming, get drinking water (e.g. refilling water bottles), attend to menstrual hygiene needs, and use

468-497: A lesser extent, in Southern European countries. In many of those countries, anal cleansing with water is also the cultural norm and easier to perform while squatting than seated. Another traditional type that has been modernized is the screened French street urinal known as a pissoir ( vespasienne ). The telescopic toilet is designed to extend and retract vertically from a cylinder relative to street level depending on

520-647: A modest, honourable man to prepare to relieve nature in the presence of other people, nor do up his clothes afterward in their presence. Similarly, he will not wash his hands on returning to decent society from private places, as the reason for his washing will arouse disagreeable thoughts in people.” Historian Lawrence Stone contends that the development of these new behaviours had nothing to do with problems of hygiene and bacterial infection, but rather with conforming to increasingly artificial standards of gentlemanly behaviour. These standards were internalized at an early age. Over time, much that had to be explained earlier

572-463: A peek" or otherwise bothered them. Some females experienced even worse if they could not secure safety and privacy even at home or in their workplaces. These problems continue for women and girls in all parts of the world. The practice of pay toilets emerged in the US in the late 19th century. In these spaces, public toilets could only be accessed by paying a fee. Sex-separated pay toilets were available at

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624-639: A public toilet in the United States is the Old School Privy . The American architect Frank Lloyd Wright claimed to have "invented the hung wall for the w.c. (easier to clean under)" when he designed the Larkin Administration Building in Buffalo, New York in 1904. According to a 2021 study by QS Supplies , the United States has just 8 public toilets for every 100,000 people, a rate that ties

676-468: A range of people, including the homeless, disabled, outdoor workers and those whose illnesses mean that they frequently need to access a toilet. The decline of the great British public toilet is described by the Royal Society for Public Health as creating a “urinary leash” which restricts how far people can travel out from their homes. The lack of public toilets for females reflects their exclusion from

728-521: A red-brick house which currently houses a biodiversity education centre and was a residence for the Taikoo Sugar Refinery , is also located within this country park at 50 Mount Parker Road  [ yue ; zh-tw ] . Hong Park Country Trail , Quarry Bay Tree Walk and Quarry Bay Jogging Trail are located within the park. Quarry Pass ( 大風坳 ), also known as the Quarry Gap or Tai Fung Au,

780-715: A restaurant. Some public toilets are free of charge, while others charge a fee. In the latter case they are also called pay toilets and sometimes have a charging turnstile . In the most basic form, a public toilet may just be a street urinal known as a pissoir , after the French term. Public toilets are known by many other names depending on the country; examples are: restroom, bathroom, men's room, women's room, powder room (US); washroom (Canada); and toilets, lavatories, water closet (W.C.), ladies and gents (Europe). Public toilets are known by many names in different varieties of English . In American English , "restroom" commonly denotes

832-816: A toilet on the steps of the California State Capitol. By the 1990s most US jurisdictions had migrated away from pay toilets. Until 1992, U.S. female senators had to use toilets located on different floor levels than the ones they were working on, a reflection of their intrusion in an all-male profession. While some public facilities were available to females in London by 1890, there were much fewer than those available to males. Toilets also were assigned strong moral overtones. While public water closets were considered necessary for sanitation reasons, they were viewed as offending public sensibilities. It has been said that because public facilities were associated with access to public spaces, extending these rights to women

884-534: Is a col situated 300 m (980 ft) above sea level in the park. The Quarry Pass Pavillon marks the starting point of Hong Kong Trail Section 6, with a commemorating plaque for the opening of the Hong Kong Trail placed nearby. A wooden pillar is placed at the Pavillon to indicate the starting point, with three direction signage plates mounted on the pillar. The Quarry Bay Pass Pavilion (Chinese: 大風坳涼亭)

936-545: Is an intersection point that connects trails to Mount Butler , Mount Parker , Tai Tam Reserviors and Tai Tam Country Park Entrance (through Mount Parker Road). There is also an unpaved hiking trail to reach the Quarry Pass, via the Mount Parker Cable Car's Ruin Trail. With 5 trails linked to the intersection point, the pavilion area is equipped with a public toilet , basic outdoor gym and recreational facilities,

988-416: Is customary to tip the attendant, especially if they provide a specific service, such as might be the case at upscale nightclubs or restaurants. Public toilets may be municipally owned or managed and entered directly from the street. Alternatively, they may be within a building that, while privately owned, allows public access, such as a department store, or it may be limited to the business's customers, such as

1040-421: Is in some parts of the United States. "Bathroom" is generally used to refer to the room in a person's home that includes a bathtub or shower while a room with only a toilet and sink in a person's residence is typically called a "washroom" because one would wash one's hands in it upon returning home or before a meal or a "powder room" because women would fix their make-up on their faces in that room. These terms are

1092-642: The Victorian era . When hygiene became a heightened concern, rapid advancements in toilet technology ensued. In the 19th century, large cities in Europe started installing modern flushing public toilets. George Jennings , the sanitary engineer, introduced public toilets, which he called "monkey closets", to the Crystal Palace for The Great Exhibition of 1851. Public toilets were also known as "retiring rooms." They included separate amenities for men and women, and were

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1144-423: The initialism "W.C.", an abbreviation for "water closet", an older term for the flush toilet . In Slavic languages , such as Russian and Belarusian, the term sanuzel (санузел; short for sanitarny uzel — sanitary unit/hub) is sometimes used for public facilities which include a toilet, sink, and possibly a shower, bathtub, and / or bidet. Public urinals ( pissoir ) are known in several Romance languages by

1196-503: The 16th century, which eventually led to a resurgence of public toilets. While it had been perfectly acceptable to relieve oneself anywhere, civility increasingly required the removal of waste product from contact with others. New instruction manuals, schoolbooks, and court regulations dictated what was appropriate. For instance, in Galateo: or, A Treatise on Politeness and Delicacy of Manners , Giovanni della Casa states “It does not befit

1248-655: The Chicago World's Fair (US) in 1893. Females complained that these were practically unavailable to them; authorities allowed them to be free, but on Fridays only. In the twentieth century, activist groups in the U.S., including the Committee to End Pay Toilets in America , claimed that such practices disadvantaged women and girls because men and boys did not have to pay for urinals. As an act of protest against this phenomenon, in 1969 California Assemblywoman March Fong Eu destroyed

1300-651: The colloquial terms "the gents' room" and "the ladies' room", or simply "the gents" and "the ladies" are used to indicate the facilities themselves. The British Toilet Association, sponsor of the Loo of the Year Awards , refers to public toilets collectively as "away-from-home" toilets. In Philippine English , "comfort room", or "C.R.", is the most common term in use. Some European languages use words cognate with "toilet" (e.g. les toilettes in French; туалет (tualet) in Russian), or

1352-546: The colonial government built the first public flush toilet. In 1953, a fire broke out in Shek Kip Mei. After that, the government embarked on a major public housing project in Hong Kong including public toilets for residents. More than ten people shared each toilet and they used them for bathing, doing their laundry as well as going to the toilet. Finally, in the 1970s, the government decided that one toilet for four or five families

1404-591: The country with Botswana in terms of access to toilet facilities. In the 1970s there were 50,000 coin-operated public restrooms in the U.S., but they were eliminated by 1980, and public facilities did not replace them. During the apartheid years in South Africa , public toilets were usually segregated by race. In Brazil , there exists no federal law or regulation that makes public toilets provision compulsory. The lack of public toilets across Brazil results in frequent acts of public urination. Massachusetts passed

1456-481: The culture, there may be varying degrees of separation between males and females and different levels of privacy. Typically, the entire room, or a stall or cubicle containing a toilet, is lockable. Urinals , if present in a male toilet, are typically mounted on a wall with or without a divider between them. Local authorities or commercial businesses may provide public toilet facilities. Some are unattended while others are staffed by an attendant . In many cultures, it

1508-453: The development of public toilets. Facilities for women sometimes had a wider emphasis, providing a safe and comfortable private space in the public sphere. The Ladies Rest Room is one example of the non-euphemistic use of the term: literally, a place to rest. Historically such rooms pre-dated the washroom and washrooms were added afterwards. Subsequent integrated designs resulted in the "women's restroom lounge". A notable early example of

1560-501: The eastern side of Hong Kong Island , is one of the twenty four statutory country parks in Hong Kong, and the twentieth to be so designated, in 1979. The 270-hectare (670-acre) park is located near Quarry Bay . It covers Mount Parker , the second highest peak (531 metres (1,742 ft)) on Hong Kong Island and the highest in Island east , as well as Mount Butler and Siu Ma Shan . Sir Cecil's Ride  [ yue ] goes through

1612-640: The facilities if the customer suffers from an inflammatory bowel disease or other medical condition requiring immediate access to a toilet. In the United Kingdom, the Workplace (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulations 1992 requires businesses to provide toilets for their employees, along with washing facilities including soap or other suitable means of cleaning. The Workplace (Health, Safety and Welfare) Approved Code of Practice and Guidance L24 , available from Health and Safety Executive Books, outlines guidance on

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1664-655: The facilities was considered a social activity. By the Middle Ages public toilets became uncommon, with only few attested in Frankfurt in 1348, in London in 1383, and in Basel in 1455. A public toilet was built in Ottoman Sarajevo in 1530 just outside a mosque's exterior courtyard wall which is still operating today. Sociologist Dara Blumenthal notes changing bodily habits, attitudes, and practices regarding hygiene starting in

1716-413: The fact that in the early 1900s through to the middle of the century up-scale restaurants, theatres and performing facilities would often have comfortable chairs or sofas located within or in a room directly adjacent to the actual toilet and sink facilities, something which can be seen in some movies of the time period. An example of this is the description of a "movie palace" which was opening in 1921 which

1768-466: The first flush toilet facilities to introduce sex-separation to the activity. The next year, London's first public toilet facility was opened. Underground public toilets were introduced in the United Kingdom in the Victorian era , in built-up urban areas where no space was available to provide them above ground. The facilities were accessible by stairs, and lit by glass brick on the pavement. Local health boards often built underground public toilets to

1820-605: The first law requiring sex separation of public toilets in 1887. By 1920, this was mandated in 43 states. In jurisdictions using the Uniform Plumbing Code in the U.S., sex separation is a legal mandate via the building code . Various countries have legislation stipulating how many public toilets are required in a given area for employees or for customers. The Restroom Access Act is legislation several U.S. States passed that requires retail establishments with toilet facilities for employees to also allow customers to use

1872-896: The general public. The facilities are available to customers, travelers, employees of a business, school pupils or prisoners. Public toilets are typically found in many different places: inner-city locations, offices, factories, schools, universities and other places of work and study. Similarly, museums, cinemas, bars, restaurants, and entertainment venues usually provide public toilets. Railway stations, filling stations, and long distance public transport vehicles such as trains , ferries, and planes usually provide toilets for general use. Portable toilets are often available at large outdoor events. Public toilets are commonly separated by sex (or gender) into male and female toilets, although some are unisex (gender-neutral), especially for small or single-occupancy public toilets, public toilets are sometimes accessible to people with disabilities. Depending on

1924-498: The local sewage system or store the waste in a holding tank until it is emptied by a vacuum truck . Portable composting toilets require removal of the container to a composting facility. The standard wheelchair-accessible public toilet features wider doors, ample space for turning, lowered sinks, and grab-bars for safety. Features above and beyond this standard are advocated by the Changing Places campaign. Features include

1976-543: The name of a Roman Emperor: vespasienne in French and vespasiani in Italian. Mosques, madrassas (schools), and other places Muslims gather, have public sex-separated "ablution rooms" since Islam requires specific procedures for cleansing parts of the body before prayer. These rooms normally adjoin the toilets, which are also subject to Muslim hygienical jurisprudence and Islamic toilet etiquette . Many public toilets are permanent small buildings visible to passers-by on

2028-710: The number of toilets to provide and the type of washing facilities associated with them. Local authorities are not legally required to provide public toilets, and while in 2008 the House of Commons Communities and Local Government Committee called for a duty on local authorities to develop a public toilet strategy, the Government rejected the proposal. In 2022 the UK Government Equality Minister Kemi Badenoch announced plans to make provision of single-sex toilets compulsory in new public buildings above

2080-556: The park. According to a Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) of the Environmental Protection Department the number of visitors in 1998-1999 was 701,400, second only to Aberdeen Country Park amongst country parks on Hong Kong Island. A major feature of this country park is a site with dozens of wartime field stove, built in preparation for the Second World War . Woodside  [ zh-tw ] ,

2132-483: The public sphere in the Victorian era . During this period, after leaving their parents' home, women were expected to maintain careers as homemakers and wives. Thus, safe and private public toilets were rarely available for women. The result was that they were often restricted in how far they could travel away from home without returning. Alternatively, they had to make do in the public streets as best they could. They often experienced sexual harassment as men tried to "sneak

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2184-458: The removal of well-established male-only/female-only spaces when premises are built or refurbished, and they have often been replaced with gender-neutral toilets. This places women at a significant disadvantage. While men can then use both cubicles and urinals, women can only use the former, and women also need safe spaces given their particular health and sanitary needs (for example, women who are menstruating, pregnant or at menopause, may need to use

2236-754: The street. Others are underground, including older facilities in Britain and Canada. Contemporary street toilets include automatic, self-cleaning toilets in self-contained pods; an example is the Sanisette , which first became popular in France. As part of its campaign against open defecation, the Indian government introduced the remotely-monitored eToilet to some public spaces in 2014. Public toilets may use seated toilets—as in most Western countries—or squat toilets . Squat toilets are common in many Asian and African countries, and, to

2288-589: The terms typically used on floor plans for residences or other buildings. Real estate advertisements for residences often refer to "three-piece washrooms" (include a bathtub or shower) and "two-piece washrooms" (only toilet and sink). In public athletic or aquatic facilities, showers are available in locker rooms . In Britain, Australia, Hong Kong, Singapore, and New Zealand, the terms in use are "public toilet", "public lavatory" (abbreviated "lav"), "public convenience", and more informally, "public loo". As public toilets were traditionally signed as "gentlemen" or "ladies",

2340-496: The time of day. It is typically installed in entertainment districts and operational only during weekends, evenings, and nights. The first such toilet was a telescopic urinal invented in the Netherlands, which now also offers pop-up toilets for women. Private firms may maintain permanent public toilets. The companies are then permitted to use the external surfaces of the enclosures for advertising. The installations are part of

2392-724: The toilet in sewers, barrels or in alleys. Once Hong Kong opened up for trade (1856–1880), the British Hong Kong government determined that the appalling hygiene situation in Hong Kong was becoming critical. Thus, the government set up public toilets ( squat toilets ) for people in 1867. But these toilets needed to be cleaned and emptied manually every day and were not popular. In 1894, plague broke out in Hong Kong and 2,500 people died, especially public toilet cleaners. The government decided to act, setting up underground toilet facilities to improve this situation, though these toilets also had to be cleaned and emptied manually. Early in 1940,

2444-467: The toilet more often). Women are also likely to feel less comfortable using mixed sex facilities, and require more space. The presence or absence of public toilets has also long been a reflection of a society's class inequalities and social hierarchies. In the UK the number of public toilets fell by nearly 20% from 3,154 in 2015/16 to 2,556 in 2020/21 This loss leads to health and mobility inequality issues for

2496-449: The waste bins. Public toilets may also become places for harassment of others or illegal activities, particularly if principles of Crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) are not applied in the design of the facility. Public toilets were part of the sanitation system of ancient Rome . These latrines housed long benches with holes accommodating multiple simultaneous users, with no division between individuals or groups. Using

2548-423: Was described as including " ... a rest-room for the fair sex and a lounging room for the sterner sex ... off these rooms are the toilets." In Canadian English , public facilities are frequently called and signed as "washrooms", although usage varies regionally. The word "toilet" generally denotes the fixture itself rather than the room. The word "washroom" is rarely used to mean "utility room" or " mud room " as it

2600-421: Was insufficient and renovated all public housing providing separate flush pedestal toilets for all residents. In the United States, concerns over public health and sanitation spurred the sanitarian movement during the late 1800s. Reforms to standardize plumbing codes and household plumbing were advocated for; the intersection of advancements in technology and desire for cleanliness and disease-free spaces spurred

2652-533: Was no longer mentioned, due to successful social conditioning. This resulted in substantial reduction of explicit text on these topics in subsequent editions of etiquette literature; for example, the same passage in Les règles de la bienséance et de la civilité Chrétienne by Jean-Baptiste de la Salle is reduced from 208 words in the 1729 edition, to 74 words in the 1774 edition. The first modern flush toilet had been invented in 1596, but it did not gain popularity until

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2704-491: Was viewed as "immoral" and an "abomination". As a result of Victorian era codes, women were delegated to the private sphere, away from the public, fulfilling their roles as dutiful wives and mothers where any association with sexuality or private body parts was taboo. For women, the female lavatory in a public space was associated with danger and immoral sexual conduct. According to World Bank data from 2017, over 500 million females lacked access to sanitation facilities to go to

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