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49-606: Founded in 1969 by Manuel “Manny” B. Zamora Jr, brother of businessman Salvador “Buddy” B. Zamora and former San Juan City Congressman Ronaldo “Ronnie” B. Zamora of the Zamora family, it currently has four operational mining sites: Formerly Cagdianao operated the South Dingagat Mine, which was closed in October 2007 due to substantial depletion of the higher grade saprolite ore reserves. It has since reopened since 2021. They also operated

98-736: A "Samar datu by the name of Iberein was rowed out to a Spanish vessel anchored in his harbor in 1543 by oarsmen collared in gold; while wearing on his own person earrings and chains." Scott recounted a Samarnon saga, which was called siday , about Bingi of Lawan, a prosperous Lakanate in Samar, and he also recorded that Datu Hadi Iberein came from the Lakanate of Lawan. Samar also had names which are recorded in early Spanish sources, including Ibabao (or Cibabao ), Achan , Camlaya , and Taridola . The Spanish captain Miguel Lopez de Legaspi also infamously called

147-428: A distinct province named Samar in 1768. On June 19, 1965, through Republic Act No. 4221, Samar was divided into three provinces: Northern Samar , (Western) Samar and Eastern Samar . The capitals of these provinces are, respectively, Catarman , Catbalogan , and Borongan . In commemoration of the establishment of these provinces, June 19 is celebrated as an annual holiday and many have the day off from work. Samar

196-461: A drop of blood was shed needlessly. This made Guiuan one of the few places in the islands where World War II did not leave so many tragic memories. The first sign of liberation of the town came on November 27, 1944, when a US Navy submarine chaser steamed the harbor for reconnaissance duty. On December 1, 1944, a fleet of LCTs, Liberty ships and barges poured into the Guiuan Bay to unload machines that

245-531: A fishing community and the only municipality with the most number of island barangays, the town is rich in fishery and aquatic resources. It is considered by the fisheries authorities as the best fishing belt in the region. The coastal waters offer almost all species of marine life: euchuema, abalone , ornamental fish, lobster and the golden cowry (known for its extraordinary golden sheen). They also offer delicacies, shellcraft products as well as fresh and processed marine products. Existing land use indicates

294-641: A pall on the army's achievement and, for generations, has been associated in the public mind as typifying the Philippine War." The waters off the east side of the island also hosted the Battle off Samar on October 25, 1944, wherein a small, unarmored force of United States Navy escorts fought off the center force of the Imperial Japanese Navy , including the Japanese battleship Yamato . During World War II

343-534: A population of 53,361 people, making it the most populous municipality in Eastern Samar (followed by Dolores ) and the second most populous administrative division in the entire province after the capital city Borongan . Guiuan played a significant part in Philippine history. Historical accounts attested that Ferdinand Magellan 's 16th century expedition first landed on the island of Homonhon , which lies within

392-488: A predominance of agriculture which covers 38.2% of the total land area. Most of the agricultural lands are dominantly planted with coconut trees . Other major crops include vegetables, root crops, palay , corn , banana and other fruit trees, coffee and pineapple . The municipality is likewise rich in mineral resources. It has an estimated mineral reserve of bauxite , nickel and titaferous magnitie of more than 26.7 million metric tons. The most companies that Mined in

441-445: Is also accessible from Borongan. Alternatively, several bus companies have daily trips to Guiuan from Manila. Travel time is approximately twenty-one hours. Since the town is a coastal municipality, it has a small seaport operational throughout the year. The church is also known as The Shrine of St. Anthony of Padua. It is known to both the locals and pilgrims around Eastern Visayas because of being miraculous. Saint Anthony of Padua

490-573: Is bounded on the north by the municipality of Mercedes , on the east by the Philippine Sea and the Pacific Ocean, on the south by the Surigao Strait , and on the west by Leyte Gulf . Clustered around the municipality are numerous islands and islets such as Manicani , Calicoan , Sulangan , Candulo , Homonhon , Suluan and Tubabao . They are protected as part of the marine reserve known as

539-498: Is considered the patron saint for lost items, articles, people, or even spiritual goods. Many people visit the church to ask Saint Anthony even the most impossible wishes and the saint is believed to grant them. Linao Cave is one of the most famous attractions in Guiuan because of its crystal clear water. The cave is named linao which means "clear" in Waray . Telephone companies operating in

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588-428: Is located in the mainland of Guiuan, i.e. the portion of Guiuan that is contiguous with Samar Island , and the remaining 23 in the islands surrounding the mainland. Guiuan is politically subdivided into barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios . Poblacion barangays: The poblacion , or town center, is located on the southwestern coastal area of the Guiuan mainland, facing Leyte Gulf. A ward

637-781: Is named before the Allies headquarters and served as a Medical center for the Allies Western Pacific Command. Barangays in Homonhon Island : Barangays in Tubabao Island and neighboring islets: Barangays in Calicoan Island and neighboring islets: Barangays in Manicani Island : Other island barangays: Guiuan recorded a total population of 38,694 in 2000, which rose to 47,037 in 2010 and 52,991 in 2015. It has

686-496: Is the third-largest and seventh-most populous island in the Philippines , with a total population of 1,909,537 as of the 2020 census. It is located in the eastern Visayas , which are in the central Philippines . The island is divided into three provinces : Samar (formerly Western Samar), Northern Samar , and Eastern Samar . These three provinces, along with the provinces on the nearby islands of Leyte and Biliran , are part of

735-570: Is the third-largest island in the Philippines by area, after the islands of Luzon and Mindanao . Mount Huraw is Samar's highest point, with an elevation of 2,920 ft (890 m). Samar is the easternmost island in the Visayas. It lies to the northeast of Leyte , separated from it only by the San Juanico Strait , which at its narrowest point is only about 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) across;

784-608: The Eastern Visayas region. About a third of the island of Samar is protected as a natural park, known as the Samar Island Natural Park . Many names, such as Samal , Ibabao , and Tandaya , were given to the island prior to the arrival of the Spaniards in 1596. During the early days of Spanish occupation , Samar was under the jurisdiction of Cebu . It later became part of Leyte in 1735 until its separation to become

833-484: The Guiuan Protected Landscape and Seascape . Guiuan is 109 kilometers (68 mi) south of Borongan and 154 kilometers (96 mi) from Tacloban . It has a total land area of 175.49 square kilometers (67.76 sq mi). It is composed of sixty (60) barangays and the only town in the province with biggest number of island barangays. Guiuan is politically subdivided into 60 barangays , 37 of which

882-523: The Municipality of Guiuan , is a 2nd class municipality in the province of Eastern Samar , Philippines. It constitutes the southeastern extremity of Samar Island and some adjacent islands, surrounded by Leyte Gulf and the Philippine Sea (which a marginal sea of the Pacific Ocean), two major bodies of water that makes the town the surfing capital of the Visayas. According to the 2020 census, it has

931-601: The American Forces landed on the island of Suluan where they fought their first battle in the Philippine territory three days before Gen. Douglas MacArthur stormed the beaches of Leyte. The Americans built a military base for its torpedo boats, warships, bombers and fighter planes. The base was the biggest American supply base in the Pacific during the war. About 100,000 American servicemen were stationed in Guiuan and nearby towns. The Spanish priest and historian Juan José Delgado

980-506: The DENR ( Department of Environment and Natural Resources ), accused of a range of environmental law violations with uncontrolled siltation and soil erosion , dust emissions cited as the main reasons amongst others. The Hinatuan site was one of 20 mining sites subsequently proposed for close-down in September 2016. In February 2017, the late Environment Secretary Gina Lopez ordered the closure of

1029-685: The Hinatuan Mine. The mine has since reopened after her appointment was turned down by the Commission on Appointments. Besides the mining business, NAC also has invested in renewable energy and power generation with Emerging Power Inc (established in 2001), (EPI), operating in Subic Bay Freeport , Nauhan, Mindoro Oriental , and Biliran . NAC has also ventured into gold and copper exploration with subsidiaries, Cordillera Exploration Co Inc, and Newminco Pacific Mining Corp.They have also ventured into

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1078-457: The Manicani Mine, Manicani Island, Guiuan , Eastern Samar , from 1992 to 1994, and briefly again in 2001, and 2014 to 2016. But the Manicani Mine closed for good in 2016. The main products, saprolite and limonite ore, are used by NAC's Japanese, Chinese and Australian customers to produce ferronickel and nickel pig iron (NPI). NAC's sites were among those under critical inspection of

1127-534: The Municipality were Japanese during the 70s, 80s and the 90s, they brought about raw Mineral Ore to Japan then by empty ship back they brought with them some Japanese Surplus Motors and chopped spare parts including Electrical Appliances. Poverty incidence of Guiuan Source: Philippine Statistics Authority Guiuan Airport has a 2,800-metre (9,200-ft) runway which can service light private planes, chartered cargo and military planes. The Guiuan Airport

1176-532: The Orthodox Archbishop of Shanghai who would later be canonised, were taken to the island of Tubabao , located a couple of hundred metres from the coast of Guiuan. The Russian refugees made Guiuan their home until 1951, when they moved to Australia and the United States. In 1952, the sitios of Talisay, Bagambang, Calamrisan, Lo-ok and Barawalti, belonging to Barrio Tubabao, were separated and created into

1225-406: The Samar island was approximated as Zamal by Antonio Pigafetta in 1521. In 1543, King Iberein with his official oarsmen approached a Spanish vessel anchored in his harbour. Iberein is from Lawan. There is also a Samarnon saga that tells the story of Bingi of Lawan. There are other principalities on the island such as Ibabao (or Cibabao ), Achan , Camlaya , Taridola , and Candaya . Samar

1274-1193: The Zamora family also owns or has interests in the following industries: Security Bank (Banking; purchased from Ronald Gapud in 1986), MANTA Equities Inc (Real estate firm established in 1990), Informatics Philippines (Part of the Informatics Group in Singapore; College established in 1993), Philippine International Air Terminal Co. (Aviation),St Luke’s Medical Center (Healthcare, established in 1903), Zamora and Poblador law (Law firm established in 1993), Cafe Lyon/Dome Cafe (Food and beverage; franchised in 1993) YUKI (Food and beverage; franchised 2019),and Pepper Lunch (Food and beverage; franchised in 2008), Tranzen Group (Holding company established in 2008), MRC Allied (Holding company established in 1990), Philippine Phosphate Fertilizer Corporation, Bacavalley Energy, Inc., One Pacstar Realty Corporation, Two Pactstar Realty Corporation, Agusan Power Corporation, Philphos Trading Inc., Lear Aero Ltd., Inc., Libjo Mining Corporation, and Lake Mainit Hydro Holdings Corporation, and PT&T (Broadband established in 1962) Besides their business ventures,

1323-511: The Zamora family are also active in politics: Mayor Francis Zamora and Congresswoman Ysabel Zamora are currently serving as Mayor and Congresswoman of San Juan city respectively. While the sister of the Mayor and Congresswoman, Congresswoman Amparo Maria Zamora is the representative for the second district of Taguig City. Guiuan Guiuan ( [ˈgiˌwan] (listen) ; Waray : Bungto han Guiuan , Filipino : Bayan ng Guiuan ), officially

1372-522: The barangay council. However, electricity shortages are frequent and subscribers experience weekly power failures, lasting for 10 to 12 hours or for 24 hours in severe cases. Guiuan is also the site of one of the weather stations of the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration , located in Barangay Sapao. Positioned at 60 meters (200 ft) above sea level,

1421-638: The barrio of Trinidad. On November 10, 1978, Proclamation No. 1801 was issued declaring Guiuan as a Tourist Zone and Marine Reserve under the administration and control of the Philippine Tourism Authority (PTA). On November 8, 2013, the city suffered heavy damage, along with 107 fatalities, 16 missing and over 3,626 injuries, as it was hit by the eye of Typhoon Haiyan (Super Typhoon Yolanda) with maximum ten-minute sustained wind speeds of 230 km/h (145 mph). Haiyan made its first landfall over Guiuan at 04:40 PhST . Almost every building

1470-689: The copper industry. MRC Allied Inc on March 11, 2022, sold 100% of their stakes in Tampakan Copper-Gold Project and Marihatag Copper-Gold Project in Tampakan, Davao Del Sur, and the Boston-Cateel Copper-Gold Project and Paquibato Copper-Gold Project in Davao Oriental and Davao Del Norte to Salvador “Buddy” Zamora, former campaign manager of Manny Pacquiao during the 2022 Philippine elections. Aside from Nickel Asia Corporation,

1519-484: The facility consists of a Surface Synoptic Station for usual weather observation and a Doppler weather radar station for detecting intensity ( reflectivity ) and velocity (by Doppler effect ) of distant weather elements. The radar station was built and renovated with the aid of the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) . Samar Samar ( / ˈ s ɑː m ɑːr / SAH -mar )

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1568-585: The island Tandaya , after mistaking the name of a lord with the name of the island (not to be confused with Datu Daya of northern Cebu). This was spelled by Miguel de Loarca as Candaya . The final campaign of the Philippine–American War (1899-1902) took place in Samar and is one of the best known, and most notorious, of the entire war. A combination of factors resulted in particularly violent clashes. On September 28, 1901, Eugenio Daza , Area Commander of Southeastern Samar and Valeriano Abanador,

1617-547: The island Filipinas, while the Portuguese called it Lequios. Although Samar was the first island of the Philippines sighted by Magellan, he did not land there. He continued south, weighed anchor at Suluan Island, and then finally, on 17 March 1521, he landed on Homonhon Island. Later in the 1700s, Samar was recorded to have about 103 Spanish Filipino families and 3,042 native families. Years later, other Spanish expeditions arrived. The historian William Henry Scott wrote that

1666-577: The municipality includes TELECOM, Globelines and Bayantel. Smart and Globe cellular phone companies are also operational. The town also has a local radio station, Radyo Natin Guiuan (103.7 MHz), serving Guiuan and neighboring areas in Eastern Visayas. In 2004, Eastern Samar Electric Cooperative (ESAMELCO) was able to energize Guiuan, Calicoan Island up to Sulangan covering 37 out of 60 barangays. Island barangays are served with electricity through generator sets either privately owned or operated by

1715-535: The municipality, after their Pacific crossing. The Immaculate Conception Parish Church in the Guiuan poblacion was established in the 18th century by Jesuits and is one of the oldest in the country. During the Second World War , the islands of Suluan and Homonhon, both in Guiuan, became the American forces' first landing points, along with Dinagat Island , for the start of the Battle of Leyte Gulf . After

1764-404: The order during the pacification of Samar "I want no prisoners. I wish you to kill and burn; the more you kill and burn, the better it will please me ... The interior of Samar must be made a howling wilderness ..." — Gen. Jacob H. Smith which brought about the slaughter of thousands of Filipinos by American Marines . . In his history of the war, Brian McAllister Linn asserts "Samar cast

1813-791: The second largest population in Eastern Samar (after Borongan ) with a population density of 270 persons per km . Majority or 97.7% of the Guiuananons speak the Waray-Waray language . Less than 3.0% speak Cebuano (including the Boholano dialect ) and Tagalog. A few percentage can converse in English, with varying degrees of proficiency. Guiuan is classified as a second income class municipality as of CY 2008. Its Total Financial Resources amounted to 67.71 million pesos. Its Internal Revenue Allotment (IRA) represents 78.0% of its total financial resources. Being

1862-651: The strait is spanned by the San Juanico Bridge . And it lies to the southeast of the Bicol Peninsula on Luzon , separated from it only by the San Bernardino Strait . To the south is Leyte Gulf , which in October 1944 became the site of one of the most consequential naval battles of World War II . And to the north and east of Samar lies the Philippine Sea , part of the Pacific Ocean . The name for

1911-455: The town and people moved to the mountains to find comfort. On June 28, 1943, several Japanese soldiers set foot on Guiuan soil. Not as fearful and brutal as they were thought of by the local populace, a cordial relation soon existed between the conquered and the conquerors. Evacuees came down from the mountains and resumed a normal urban life. Except for a few killings of suspected traitors by both Japanese, Filipino soldiers and local guerillas, not

1960-579: The town has many white-sand beaches that are suitable for swimming and surfing . The Immaculate Conception Parish Church of Guiuan is currently in the tentative list for UNESCO World Heritage Sites under the Baroque Churches of the Philippines (Extension) . Guiuan is widely known for two significant events in history 423 years apart. In 1521, Ferdinand Magellan, first European to set foot on Philippine soil, landed in Homonhon , now part of Guiuan. In 1944,

2009-614: The town's own airport. In 1949, the International Refugee Organisation made an appeal to tackle the displacement crisis caused by the war and a precursor to the UNHCR. It wanted new homes for thousands of White Russians in the aftermath of the Bolshevik Revolution ( Russian Revolutions ) and subsequent civil war. More than 5,000 of them, under the care of John Maximovitch ( Saint John of Shanghai and San Francisco ),

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2058-475: The town's police chief, launched an attack on U.S. Army Company C 9th Infantry Regiment who were occupying Balangiga . This action, commonly known as the Balangiga massacre , brought one of the only Filipino victories of the war and the worst American defeat in decades. In 1989, "Balangiga Encounter Day" was established as a provincial holiday in Eastern Samar to celebrate that victory. The action resulted in

2107-453: The town. Local and international aid helped Guiuan recover from the typhoon's catastrophic impact, and the town's economy has since flourished. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic , the town saw border restrictions and multiple lockdowns that affected the local economy and way of life. As well as a rich historical background, Guiuan has many scenic spots. Being a coastal town on the Pacific side,

2156-499: The victory of Leyte Gulf operation, the entire town served as one of the naval bases for the Allies . In 1949, the Guiuan island of Tubabao hosted thousands of White Russian refugees fleeing from the wake of the Russian Revolution and Russian Civil War . In November 2013, Guiuan was nearly levelled after Typhoon Haiyan , one of the deadliest and strongest tropical cyclones in the Philippines, made its first landfall in

2205-534: Was heavily damaged or deroofed, including the designated typhoon shelters, the Catholic Church, hospital and gymnasium. However, one house in Lactason remained intact because of the owner's effort to hold it in place with her bare hands. The woman was later identified as Mana Maring, a moron (a Filipino delicacy) maker and vendor. The municipality of Guiuan is located at the southeasternmost tip of Samar Island . It

2254-519: Was stationed in Guiuan in the 18th century. In his book Biblioteca Histórica Filipina: Historia general sacro-profana, política y natural de las islas del poniente llamadas Filipinas (1751), he recorded the old name of the region as "Guiguan." He describes it as a thin stretch of land on the southern tip of Samar. He also describes the nearby islands of "Omonhon" ( Homonhon ), "Soloan" ( Suluan ), Tubabao , "Manicaui" ( Manicani ), and other small islets and settlements. The occurrence of World War II shook

2303-607: Was the first island of the Philippines sighted by the Spanish expedition led by Ferdinand Magellan (transcribed as Zamal in the diary of Antonio Pigafetta ). He sighted it on 16 March 1521, having sailed there from the Mariana Islands . Realizing he had arrived at an archipelago , he charted the islands, and called them San Lazaro ( Saint Lazarus in English) because they were sighted on Lazarus Saturday . The Spaniards later called

2352-585: Was to transform Guiuan into one of the biggest Naval Bases, Leyte-Samar Naval Base , in the Far East that time, set up by the American Navy, part of the Allies . Some aircraft landed on the airstrip to rendezvous with the Necessary Evil squadrons. Now all that is left of the American occupation are concrete slabs which once served as the foundations of a vast supply depot, and an air strip , which now serves as

2401-418: Was upgraded in 2010. Cebu-based airline Mid-Sea Express had scheduled flights from Cebu City to Guiuan twice weekly on Saturdays and Mondays, using a 19-seater Jetstream 32 aircraft. Service started in 2012 but has now been discontinued. The town is accessible by land with highway connection from Tacloban City, about three-four hours travel. Several buses and vans regularly shuttle passengers to Guiuan. It

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