39-557: (Redirected from TAN ) [REDACTED] Look up tan or TAN in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Tan or TAN may refer to: Arts and entertainment [ edit ] Tan , an album by the Polish rock band Kult TAN (group) , South Korean boy band Tan (newspaper) , a newspaper in Turkey Tan (weekly newspaper) ,
78-693: A Chinese surname Chen (surname) (陳), a Chinese surname, pronounced "Tan" in Min Nan languages Laozi , posthumous name "Tan" or "Dān" (聃), philosopher of ancient China Leborgne , nicknamed Tan, a patient of Paul Broca's, on whose autopsy he identified Broca's area TAN (musician) (born 1990), Malaysian pop singer Tan Sağtürk (born 1969), Turkish ballet dancer Places [ edit ] China [ edit ] Tan (state) , an ancient viscountcy in eastern Shandong Province, China Tai'an railway station (Shandong) , China Railway pinyin code TAN Vietnam [ edit ] Tân An, Bắc Giang ,
117-643: A Chinese surname Chen (surname) (陳), a Chinese surname, pronounced "Tan" in Min Nan languages Laozi , posthumous name "Tan" or "Dān" (聃), philosopher of ancient China Leborgne , nicknamed Tan, a patient of Paul Broca's, on whose autopsy he identified Broca's area TAN (musician) (born 1990), Malaysian pop singer Tan Sağtürk (born 1969), Turkish ballet dancer Places [ edit ] China [ edit ] Tan (state) , an ancient viscountcy in eastern Shandong Province, China Tai'an railway station (Shandong) , China Railway pinyin code TAN Vietnam [ edit ] Tân An, Bắc Giang ,
156-641: A goat color pattern Tanbark or tan, the bark of certain species of tree Sun tanning , the darkening of skin in response to ultraviolet light Sunless tanning , the darkening of skin without ultraviolet light Tropical ataxic neuropathy Other uses [ edit ] -tan , a Japanese honorific Tahn (Armenian թան tʻan ), a yoghurt-based drink from the Middle East Tanfana or Tan, an ancient European goddess Tax Deduction and Collection Account Number (TAN), an Indian tax code See also [ edit ] Black and Tans ,
195-579: A goat color pattern Tanbark or tan, the bark of certain species of tree Sun tanning , the darkening of skin in response to ultraviolet light Sunless tanning , the darkening of skin without ultraviolet light Tropical ataxic neuropathy Other uses [ edit ] -tan , a Japanese honorific Tahn (Armenian թան tʻan ), a yoghurt-based drink from the Middle East Tanfana or Tan, an ancient European goddess Tax Deduction and Collection Account Number (TAN), an Indian tax code See also [ edit ] Black and Tans ,
234-513: A nearly colorless pigmentation, which may appear white. In 1975, Harvard dermatologist Thomas B. Fitzpatrick devised the Fitzpatrick scale to describe the common tanning behavior of various skin types, as follows: Dark skin does provide some protection against the sun’s ultraviolet rays, but it is a myth that people with dark skin tones are immune to the harmful effects of UV radiation. The most common risk of exposure to ultraviolet radiation
273-621: A newspaper in Kosovo Businesses and organisations [ edit ] TAN Books , a Catholic publishing company FC Rubin-TAN Kazan , a Russian professional ice hockey club in Kazan in 1991-94 Transportes Aéreos Nacionales or TAN Airlines, an airline based in Honduras Semitan or TAN, operates public transport in Nantes, France People [ edit ] Tan (surname) (譚),
312-458: A newspaper in Turkey Tan (weekly newspaper) , a newspaper in Kosovo Businesses and organisations [ edit ] TAN Books , a Catholic publishing company FC Rubin-TAN Kazan , a Russian professional ice hockey club in Kazan in 1991-94 Transportes Aéreos Nacionales or TAN Airlines, an airline based in Honduras Semitan or TAN, operates public transport in Nantes, France People [ edit ] Tan (surname) (譚),
351-570: A nickname for British special constables during the Irish War of Independence Irish War of Independence , sometimes called the "Black and Tan war" or "Tan war" Taan (disambiguation) Dan (disambiguation) (Tan is the older romanization of Dan in Chinese) Tannin (disambiguation) Tanning (disambiguation) TANS (disambiguation) Tanzhou (disambiguation) , a Chinese placename "Tan District" or "Tan City" Topics referred to by
390-460: A nickname for British special constables during the Irish War of Independence Irish War of Independence , sometimes called the "Black and Tan war" or "Tan war" Taan (disambiguation) Dan (disambiguation) (Tan is the older romanization of Dan in Chinese) Tannin (disambiguation) Tanning (disambiguation) TANS (disambiguation) Tanzhou (disambiguation) , a Chinese placename "Tan District" or "Tan City" Topics referred to by
429-541: A northeastern commune and village Tân An , the capital city of Long An Province, Mekong Delta Tân An province , a former province of South Vietnam Elsewhere [ edit ] Tan Track or "The Tan", a running track in Royal Botanic Gardens, Melbourne , Australia Tanzania (IOC and FIFA trigram: TAN), a country Taunton Municipal Airport (IATA airport code: TAN ), Massachusetts, US Science and technology [ edit ] Tan (color) ,
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#1733085380421468-478: A northeastern commune and village Tân An , the capital city of Long An Province, Mekong Delta Tân An province , a former province of South Vietnam Elsewhere [ edit ] Tan Track or "The Tan", a running track in Royal Botanic Gardens, Melbourne , Australia Tanzania (IOC and FIFA trigram: TAN), a country Taunton Municipal Airport (IATA airport code: TAN ), Massachusetts, US Science and technology [ edit ] Tan (color) ,
507-405: A pale shade of brown Tanning (leather) , the process of making leather from hides Tan (function) , a trigonometric function Ti-6Al-7Nb , a titanium alloy containing aluminum and niobium Total acid number (TAN), the measure of a lubricant's or crude oil's acidity Transaction authentication number (TAN), in electronic banking Biology [ edit ] Tan (goat pattern) ,
546-405: A pale shade of brown Tanning (leather) , the process of making leather from hides Tan (function) , a trigonometric function Ti-6Al-7Nb , a titanium alloy containing aluminum and niobium Total acid number (TAN), the measure of a lubricant's or crude oil's acidity Transaction authentication number (TAN), in electronic banking Biology [ edit ] Tan (goat pattern) ,
585-463: A scientific expedition went to the island of Tenerife to test the wider health benefits of "heliotherapy", and by 1913 "sunbathing" was referred to as a desirable activity for the leisured class. Shortly thereafter, in the 1920s, fashion-designer Coco Chanel accidentally got sunburnt while visiting the French Riviera . When she arrived home, she arrived with a sun tan and her fans apparently liked
624-435: Is sunburn , the speed and severity of which vary among individuals. This can be alleviated at least to some extent by the prior application of a suitable-strength sunscreen , which also hinders the tanning process due to the blocking of UV light. Overexposure to ultraviolet radiation is known to cause skin cancer , make skin age and wrinkle faster, mutate DNA , and impair the immune system. Frequent tanning bed use triples
663-436: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages tan [REDACTED] Look up tan or TAN in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Tan or TAN may refer to: Arts and entertainment [ edit ] Tan , an album by the Polish rock band Kult TAN (group) , South Korean boy band Tan (newspaper) ,
702-431: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Sun tanning Sun tanning or tanning is the process whereby skin color is darkened or tanned. It is most often a result of exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from sunlight or from artificial sources, such as a tanning lamp found in indoor tanning beds. People who deliberately tan their skin by exposure to
741-927: The DSM-IV criteria for addiction. Several organizations, such as the World Health Organization (WHO), the American Cancer Society and the US Surgeon General have issued guidelines warning about sun tanning and UV radiation exposure, either from the sun or from indoor tanning . Production of vitamin D is essential for human health. Moderate exposure (avoiding sunburn) to UV radiation provides benefits such as increased vitamin D, as well as other possible benefits that are still being studied. Several tanning activators have used different forms of psoralen , which are known to be photocarcinogenic . Health authorities have banned psoralen since July 1996. In
780-401: The 1950s, baby oil was commonly used to increase tanning. Coppertone , in 1953, marketed its sunscreen with a drawing of a young girl and her cocker spaniel tugging on her bathing suit bottom, revealing her bare bottom and tan line; this advertisement was modified around the turn of the 21st century and now shows a little girl wearing a one-piece bathing suit or shorts. In the latter part of
819-573: The 1950s, silver metallic reflectors were common to enhance one's tan. In 1962, sunscreen commenced to be SPF rated, although SPF labeling in the US was not standardized by the FDA until 1978. In the 1970s, Mattel introduced Malibu Barbie , which had tanned skin and further popularized sun tanning among women. In 1978, both sunscreen with an SPF 15 rating as well as tanning beds first appeared. In 2007, there were an estimated 50,000 outlets for indoor tanning; it
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#1733085380421858-504: The UVA and UVB ranges. Ultraviolet A (UVA) radiation is in the wavelength range 320 to 400 nm. Ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation is in the wavelength range 280 to 320 nm. Much of this band is blocked by the Earth's ozone layer, but some penetrates. UVB: A person's natural skin color affects their reaction to exposure to sunlight. An individual's natural skin color can vary from a dark brown to
897-462: The United States and Western Europe before the 1920s, tanned skin was associated with the lower classes because they worked outdoors and were exposed to the sunlight. Parasols and long sleeves were typically worn, even at beaches. By the 1920s, however, a cultural transformation took place, and tan skin became the ideal. By the early 20th century, therapeutic benefits of sunlight were advertised to
936-491: The beach in order to protect the wearer's face from the effects of sunlight. A 1969 innovation is tan-through swimwear , which uses fabric perforated with thousands of micro holes that are nearly invisible to the naked eye, but which transmit enough sunlight to approach an all-over tan, especially if the fabric is stretched taut. Tan-through swimwear typically allows more than one-third of UV rays to pass through (equivalent to SPF 3 or less), and an application of sunscreen even to
975-459: The covered area is recommended. To avoid exposure to UVB and UVA rays, or in seasons without strong sunshine, some people take alternative steps to appear with darkened skin. They may use sunless tanning (also known as self-tanners); stainers that are based on dihydroxyacetone (DHA); or cosmetics such as bronzers. Many sunless tanning products are available in the form of darkening creams, gels , lotions , and sprays that are self-applied on
1014-476: The damage and protect the skin by creating and releasing further melanin into the skin's cells. With the production of the melanin, the skin color darkens. The tanning process can be triggered by natural sunlight or by artificial UV radiation, which can be delivered in frequencies of UVA, UVB, or a combination of both. The intensity is commonly measured by the UV Index . There are two different mechanisms involved in
1053-541: The look and started to adopt darker skin tones themselves. Tanned skin became a trend partly because of Coco's status and the longing for her lifestyle by other members of society. In addition, Parisians fell in love with Josephine Baker , a "caramel-skinned" singer in Paris , and idolized her darker skin. These two women were leading figures of the transformation that tan skin underwent, in which it became perceived as fashionable, healthy, and luxurious. Jean Patou capitalized on
1092-464: The new tanning fad, launching the first sun tan oil "Huile de Chaldee" in 1927. Just before the 1930s, sunlight therapy became a popularly subscribed cure for almost every ailment from simple fatigue to tuberculosis. In the 1940s, advertisements encouraging sunbathing began to appear in women's magazines. At the same time, swimsuits ' skin coverage began decreasing, with the bikini radically changing swimsuit style after it made its appearance in 1946. In
1131-444: The production of a tan by UV exposure: Firstly, UVA radiation creates oxidative stress, which in turn oxidizes existing melanin and leads to rapid darkening of the melanin. UVA may also cause melanin to be redistributed (released from melanocytes where it is already stored), but its total quantity is unchanged. Skin darkening from UVA exposure does not lead to significantly increased production of melanin or protection against sunburn. In
1170-524: The public. In 1903, Niels Finsen was awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine for his "Finsen Light Therapy". The therapy was a cure for diseases such as lupus vulgaris and rickets . Vitamin D deficiency was found to be a cause of rickets, and exposure to sunlight would allow vitamin D to be produced in a person. Therefore, sunlight exposure was a remedy to curing several diseases, especially rickets. In 1910
1209-533: The result of different skin types and natural skin color , and these may be a result of genetics . The term "tanning" has a cultural origin, arising from the color tan. Its origin lies in the Western culture of Europe when it became fashionable for young women to seek a less pale complexion (see Cultural history below). Excessive exposure may in the long-term increase the risk of skin cancer , as well as depressed immune system function and accelerated aging of
Tan - Misplaced Pages Continue
1248-563: The risk of developing melanoma , the deadliest form of skin cancer, according to a 2010 study. The study suggests that the melanoma risk is linked more closely to total exposure than it is to the age at which an individual first uses a tanning bed. Frequent tanning also has behavioural reinforcing effects, following UVA radiation epidermal keratinocytes synthesize POMC inducing the production of β - Endorphins , which are opioid agonists. An opioid blockade also then causes withdrawal signs after habitual UV exposure leading to many tanners meeting
1287-451: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Tan . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tan&oldid=1242364361 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Articles containing Armenian-language text Short description
1326-451: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Tan . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tan&oldid=1242364361 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Articles containing Armenian-language text Short description
1365-437: The second process, triggered primarily by UVB, there is an increase in production of melanin (melanogenesis), which is the body's reaction to direct DNA photodamage (formation of pyrimidine dimers ) from UV radiation. Melanogenesis leads to delayed tanning, and typically becomes visible two or three days after exposure. The tan that is created by increased melanogenesis typically lasts for a few weeks or months, much longer than
1404-434: The skin . Melanin is a natural pigment produced by cells called melanocytes in a process called melanogenesis . Melanocytes produce two types of melanin: pheomelanin (red) and eumelanin (very dark brown). Melanin protects the body by absorbing ultraviolet radiation. Excessive UV radiation causes sunburn along with other direct and indirect DNA damage to the skin, and the body naturally combats and seeks to repair
1443-475: The sun engage in a passive recreational activity of sun bathing . Some people use chemical products that can produce a tanning effect without exposure to ultraviolet radiation, known as sunless tanning . Moderate exposure to direct sunlight contributes to the production of melanin and vitamin D by the body . Excessive exposure to ultraviolet rays has negative health effects, including sunburn . Some people tan or sunburn more easily than others. This may be
1482-658: The tan that is caused by oxidation of existing melanin, and is also actually protective against UV skin damage and sunburn, rather than simply cosmetic. Typically, it can provide a modest Sun Protection Factor (SPF) of 3, meaning that tanned skin would tolerate up to 3 times the UV exposure as pale skin. However, in order to cause true melanogenesis-tanning by means of UV exposure, some direct DNA photodamage must first be produced, and this requires UVB exposure (as present in natural sunlight, or sunlamps that produce UVB). The ultraviolet frequencies responsible for tanning are often divided into
1521-451: Was a five-billion-dollar industry in the United States, and had spawned an auxiliary industry for indoor tanning lotions including bronzers, intensifiers, and accelerators. Since then, the indoor tanning industry has become more constrained by health regulations. In China, darker skin is still considered by many to be the mark of the lower classes. As recently as 2012, in some parts of China, ski masks were becoming popular items to wear at
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