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68-453: The T-90 is a third-generation Russian main battle tank developed from, and designed to replace the T-72 . It uses a 125   mm 2A46 smoothbore main gun , the 1A45T fire-control system , an upgraded engine, and gunner's thermal sight . Standard protective measures include a blend of steel and composite armour , smoke grenade dischargers, Kontakt-5 explosive reactive armour (ERA) and

136-534: A tandem shaped charge HEAT warhead. It has an effective range of 100 m to 6 km, and takes 17.5 seconds to reach maximum range. Refleks can penetrate about 950 millimetres (37 in) of steel rolled homogeneous armour (RHA) and can also engage low-flying air targets such as helicopters . List of main battle tanks by generation#Third In 1973, Rolf Hilmes saw three tank generations and three "intermediate generations", which consisted mainly of upgraded vehicles. The first generation of main battle tanks

204-442: A Digital Ballistic Computer to improve ammunition trajectory (derived from that of Arjun MBT ), Automatic Target Tracker. It is also expected that the new variant tanks will feature new generation ammunition like FSAPDS Mk2 (originally developed for Arjun MBT), and cannon-launched SAMHO missiles that is under development. Reports also suggest the use of a more efficient and powerful engine. There are plans for further upgradation of

272-449: A T-72. Another 5 Syrian Army operated T-90 tanks were knocked out or heavily damaged and 4 others suffered hits, according to recorded material. Azerbaijan used their T-90S tanks during the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict. One T-90 was damaged and captured by Armenian forces. At least two were confirmed destroyed in the initial phases of the war, being the first ever proven total loss of the combat vehicle. The T-90S Bhishma (named after

340-498: A deal was announced for 92 T-72s only. Saudi Arabia was reported, in July 2008, by Russian daily Kommersant to be in negotiations to buy 150 T-90 tanks. Lebanese Defence Minister Elias El Murr met with Russian Defence Minister Anatoly Serdyukov in December 2008, when they discussed the possibility of a transfer of military equipment including T-90 tanks. In February 2010, an arms deal

408-601: A destroyed T-90M that lacked Relikt ERA. The ERA bricks had been replaced by “construction bricks”. As of 9 October 2024, Oryx blog had documented that Russia had lost at least 163 T-90s since the start of the Russian invasion of Ukraine (visually confirmed), including 41 T-90A (of which 27 were destroyed, 4 abandoned, 10 captured), 1 T-90AK (captured), 10 T-90S (9 destroyed, 1 abandoned) and 111 T-90M (62 destroyed, 15 damaged, 27 abandoned, 7 captured). In early February 2016, Syrian Army forces began using T-90As in combat. A video

476-692: A force of over 21 regiments of T-90 tanks and 40 regiments of modified T-72s. The Indian Army began receiving its first T-90M main battle tank in completely knocked-down form from Russia's Nizhny Tagil-based Uralvagonzavod JSC at the end of 2009. The first batch of 10 T-90Ms built under licence was inducted into the Indian army in August 2009. These vehicles were built at the Heavy Vehicles Factory at Avadi, Tamil Nadu. A ₹ 10,000 crore (US$ 1.2 billion) purchase of 354 new T-90SM tanks for six tank regiments for

544-469: A maximum observation distance of 1,800 m) and were protected by the most recent Kontakt-5 reactive armor with 4S22 explosive tiles. The years 2006–2007 saw the delivery of 31 T-90A tanks each, now fitted with entirely passive ESSA main gunner's sights supplied by Peleng in Belarus and using the 2nd-generation thermal camera Catherine-FC from Thales , and improved 4S23 ERA tiles. The joint venture established on

612-566: A new configuration very close to the Indian T-90S, which was expeditiously accepted into service without any trials as the Object 188A1 or T-90A . 2005 saw delivery of 18 new tanks – enough to equip approximately five tank platoons. These new Russian tanks were powered by the V-92S2 engine, carried a T01-K05 Buran-M gunner's sight (passive-active night-vision channel with an EPM-59G Mirage-K matrix and

680-477: A principally new turret, the 2A46M-5 gun, and a more powerful engine. The Proryv is outfitted with a new multi-channel sighting system that allows employing weapons at any time of day or night and it can exchange data with other vehicles in real time. A new batch was delivered in March 2021. According to Ukrainian intelligence sources, manufacturing of T-90s was slowed because of the effect of International sanctions since

748-777: A source for creating new wartime reserves, as demonstrated by the crucial role the Siberian rifle divisions have played in the Battle of Moscow during the Second World War. For that reason by the end of the Cold War the Siberian MD's land forces were modest by Soviet standards and air forces were non-existent. The 33rd Guards Berlislavsko-Khinganskaya, twice awarded the Order of the Red Banner and awarded

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816-575: A tank regiment (T-90s were also issued to the 5th Don Guards Tank Division in Buryatia)." However, the 21st MRD had already been reduced to the status of a motor-rifle brigade by this time, and then was reduced to a storage base in 1997. Facing tapering domestic orders, Uralvagonzavod received government approval to export the T-90 in the mid-1990s. The designers at Uralvagonzavod created a new, welded turret that offered improvements in protection and internal space in

884-572: Is a direct development of the T-72 that India already manufactured, simplifying training and maintenance. India opted to acquire the T-90 to counter Pakistani deployment of the Ukrainian-made T-80 tank in 1995–97. These T-90S tanks were made by Uralvagonzavod and the engines were delivered by Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant. The Indian tanks however omit the Shtora-1 passive electronic countermeasure system which

952-471: Is based on timeframe and technical factors, as a basis for further discussion. 1976 (Pz57) 12 The second generation had enhanced night-fighting capabilities and in most cases NBC protection . Most western tanks of this generation were armed with the 105 mm Royal Ordnance L7 tank gun or derivatives of it. The third generation of main battle tanks is characterized by composite armour and computer stabilized fire control systems, which allow firing on

1020-429: Is disputed. Gordon L. Rottman writes that T-90s were "frequently" knocked out by three or four hits from a RPG-7 . He adds that Chechens found a way to compromise T-90s fitted with explosive reactive armor : they would fire an RPG-7 from close range (within 50m) to trigger the explosive reactive armor protection, and then re-attack the exposed tank armour underneath with two or more RPG hits, again from close range. On

1088-522: The 21st Motor Rifle Division , withdrawn from the 2nd Guards Tank Army in East Germany, was moved to Omsk . In October 1992, the 300th Guards Parachute Regiment of the 98th Guards Airborne Division at Kishinev in the Odessa Military District was split out of the division and sent to Abakan . In the city of Abakan, four years later, the 300th Guards Parachute Regiment was reorganised as

1156-455: The 52nd and 53rd . The 52nd, with its headquarters in Novosibirsk along with the 133rd Rifle Division , additionally had the 166th Rifle Division at Barabinsk and the 178th Rifle Division at Omsk . The 53rd Rifle Corps at Krasnoyarsk , where the 119th Rifle Division was stationed, also included the 107th Rifle Division at Barnaul and the 91st Rifle Division at Achinsk . Among

1224-496: The China border was being planned in 2012, making India, with a total of nearly 4,500 tanks (T-90 and variants, T-72 and Arjun MBT) in active service, the world's third-largest operator of tanks. India planned to have 21 T-90 tank regiments by 2020, with 45 combat tanks and 17 training and replacement tanks per regiment. In November 2019, India announced that Heavy Vehicles Factory would produce 464 T-90 MBTs for 10 tank regiments. In 2021,

1292-671: The Dutch Army , and T-64s and T-84s offered by Ukraine. By September 2013, only the T-90S, the Russian T-80, the Ukrainian T-84, and American M1A1 were still competing. Vietnam and Iraq signed contracts for at least 150 T-90S/SK tanks in 2016. The T-90's main armament is the 2A46 M 125mm smoothbore tank gun. This is a highly modified version of the Sprut anti-tank gun , and is the same gun used as

1360-685: The First Chechen War . T-90s, which were not deployed to Chechnya, were spared media criticism in spite of the similarly poor performance of the T-72 in the same conflict. In January 1996, Colonel General Aleksandr Galkin , chief of the Main Armor Directorate of the Russian Ministry of Defense, said the Russian Armed Forces would phase out T-80 production in favor of the T-90 (Galkin reversed his position later that year, claiming

1428-901: The Russian Empire . It was renamed the Omsk Military District in 1882, until renamed again Western Siberian Military District in 1918-1919. The Siberian Military District was created in June 1924 with the consolidation of the Western, Central and Eastern Siberian Military Districts, which had become the Imperial Military Districts in the area. In June 1941 the District was host to the 24th Army , under Lieutenant General Stepan Kalinin , which comprised two Rifle Corps,

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1496-555: The Shtora infrared anti-tank guided missile (ATGM) jamming system. The T-90 was designed and built by Uralvagonzavod , in Nizhny Tagil , Russia. It entered service with the Russian army in 1992. The T-90 has its origins in a Soviet -era program aimed at developing a replacement for the T-64 , T-72 and T-80 series of main battle tanks (MBT). The T-72 platform was selected as the basis for

1564-891: The Syrian Civil War . In September 2020, a Russian T-90 was accidentally hit by an anti-tank guided missile (ATGM) during exercises held in Russia's Astrakhan region causing serious damage to the vehicle. During the war in Donbas stage of the Russo-Ukrainian War in the summer of 2014, elements of the Russian 136th Guards Motor Rifle Brigade equipped with T-90A tanks conducting operations in Luhansk Oblast of Ukraine were identified in social media posts, and locations of their photographs were geolocated by open-source investigators. During

1632-590: The Transbaikal Military District was rewarded with the Order of Lenin, and the Siberian Military District with the Order of the Red Banner. The 33rd Army Corps disbanded in July 1991 and its personnel and assets were absorbed by the arriving 28th Army Corps from Czechoslovakia . General Major Nikolai Loktionov remained in command of the merged formation, having been appointed as the 33rd Army Corps commander in June 1991. In August 1992,

1700-538: The 100th independent Guards Airborne Brigade, but was then disbanded circa 1998. In 1998, seven years after the fall of the Soviet Union, the District absorbed most of the territory and responsibilities of the former Transbaikal Military District , retaining the name Siberian Military District, but on their merger gave up the vast Sakha Republic (also known as Yakutia) to the expanded Far Eastern Military District . The Siberian Military District has traditionally been

1768-663: The 1980s, the Soviet military had ordered T-64s, T-72s and T-80s, then in simultaneous production from rival tank design firms. Though all three tanks had similar characteristics, they each required different components, which contributed to the Army's logistical burden. Though both Nizhni-Tagil's T-90 and Omsk's T-80U had their merits, the T-80's gas turbine engine was notorious for its high fuel consumption and poor reliability. Additionally, Russian T-80s suffered heavy losses in their first combat use during

1836-526: The 2009 defence budget. Cyprus already operates the Russian-made T-80 tank. In March 2010 it was reported that Cyprus had opted for 41 additional T-80s instead of purchasing T-90s. Anonymous Venezuelan defence sources said that president Hugo Chavez "wants to replace his army's obsolete AMX-30 main battle tanks with between 50 and 100 Russian-built T-90 main battle tanks", according to an October 2008 article by analyst Jack Sweeney. In September 2009

1904-551: The 2020s and planned implementation from 2030s/2040s. Siberian Military District The Siberian Military District was a Military district of the Russian Ground Forces . The district was originally formed as a military district of the Russian Empire in 1864. In 1924 it was reformed in the Red Army . After the end of World War II the district was split into the Western and Eastern Siberian Military Districts. In 1956

1972-478: The Indian T-90S Bhishma have more advanced armour protection than the early cast turrets. In 2001, India purchased 310 T-90S tanks from Russia, of which 124 were delivered complete (42 featured the early cast turrets seen on Russian tanks) and 186 were to be assembled from kits delivered in various stages of completion with an emphasis on shifting production to domestic means. The T-90 was selected because it

2040-491: The Indian army was looking to upgrade its T-90 tank fleet with locally built modular Active Protection, with both soft kill and hard kill systems, to update the tanks to modern standards. On 25 February 2022, The Acquisition Wing of the Defence Ministry has signed a contract valued at Rs.1,075 crore with Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL) to retro-modify 957 T-90s with advanced Mid Wave Thermal Image (MWIR), which will replace

2108-400: The Indian authorities to place an additional order for 127 complete vehicles from Uralvagonzavod. In 2005 the Russian army resumed delivery of the T-90, requesting the "original" specification for the vehicle with a cast turret. But with the new order numbering 14 tanks, and the large capital investment required to set up production of new cast turrets, the Russian Ministry of Defence agreed on

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2176-710: The Object 187). The Russian Army curtailed T-90 orders beginning in 2012 to prepare for the arrival of the new tank. In July 2021, Industry and Trade Minister Denis Manturov said the tank, designated the T-14 Armata , will enter serial production in 2022. Deliveries of upgraded T-90M tanks started in April 2020 to the Guards Tank Army of the RF Western Military District . The T-90M ‘Proryv’ (‘Breakthrough’) has received

2244-706: The Order of Suvorov Strategic Missile Army ( 33-я гвардейская ракетная Бериславско-Хинганская дважды Краснознамённая, ордена Суворова армия ) of the Strategic Rocket Forces with its HQ in Omsk and the 14th independent Red Banner Air Defence Army of the Air Defence Forces with its headquarters in Novosibirsk were based in the Siberian Military District's area of responsibility, but were independent operational formations. District Command and Headquarters (Управление командующего и штаб) - Novosibirsk Air Forces of

2312-624: The Russian Ground Forces' 5th Guards Tank Division , stationed in the Siberian Military District, and seven T-90 tanks assigned to the marines. Since 2008, the Russian army has received 62 tanks annually, suspending orders in 2011. After the cancellation of the T-95 in 2010, Uralvagonzavod began the OKR Armata (Armament) design study. The study resulted in the Object 148 based on the T-95 (itself based on

2380-545: The Russian-made commander combined sample supervisory-sighting system "T01-K04DT/Agat-MDT" was presented to the public at the International Forum Engineering Technologies 2012. According to Krasnogorsky Zavod plant, Agat-MDT has the ability to install (for further modernization) in the sight the newly developed domestic UPF format 640×512 by 15 microns, which makes possible in the future to extend

2448-433: The Siberian Military District ( ВВС Сибирского военного округа ) - Novosibirsk The 41st Army was formed from the headquarters of the former Siberian Military District at Novosibirsk while the new district’s headquarters were established at Chita (the former Transbaikal MD HQ). It is likely safe to assume that the 41st Army controls all the field formations of the previous Siberian Military District. The IISS listed

2516-665: The T-80U was a superior tank). Production of the T-80 at Omsk persisted until 2001, mainly for the export market. The principal upgrade in the T-90 is the incorporation of a slightly modified form of the T-80U's more sophisticated 1A45T Irtysh fire control system and an upgraded V-84MS multi-fuel engine developing 840 hp (618 kW). The T-90 was manufactured at the Uralvagonzavod factory in Nizhny Tagil, with low-level production being carried out since 1992 and virtually ceasing towards

2584-633: The T-90 tanks by including indigenous Active Protection Systems , Loitering Munitions and more advanced ammunitions. India started the licensed production of Russian tank rounds 3VBM17 used by the T-72 and T-90 tanks in July 2024. On 7 October 2024, the Indian Army Corps of Electronics and Mechanical Engineers completed the first complete overhaul of the T-90 Bhishma at the 505 Army Base Workshop in Delhi Cantonment . The overhauled T-90 belongs to

2652-473: The basis of JSC Volzhsky Optical and Mechanical Plant" (VOMZ) and Thales Optronics, produced Catherine-FC thermal imaging devices, which were further used to develop "ESSA", "PLISA" and "SOSNA-U" sighting systems produced for the Russian armoured vehicles, including T-72B3 tanks and export versions of T-90S (exported to India, Algeria and Azerbaijan). Since 2012, Russia was able to produce 3rd-generation Catherine-XP cameras based on QWIP matrix technology. In 2012,

2720-545: The breakup of the Soviet Union. The Kharkov tank plant belonged to the newly independent Ukraine , the Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant ended production in 1989, and Kirov in Leningrad in 1990. In the two remaining tank plants at Omsk and Nizhni-Tagil , state orders all but ceased in 1992. Around the same time, the Russian Ministry of Defense decided it would commit to eventually producing just one tank type. During

2788-686: The cancellation of Russian arms deals. In April 2013, Rosoboronexport requested for the entry of the T-90S in an upcoming tender by the Peruvian Army for main battle tanks. Peru sought to acquire between 120 and 170 tanks to replace its aging T-55 tanks. The T-90 was tested against the M1A1 Abrams from the United States , the Leopard 2 A4 offered from the Spanish Army , Leopard 2A6s formerly operated by

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2856-559: The district in 2006 as having a total of one tank, two motor-rifle and one machine-gun artillery divisions, two motor-rifle and one air assault brigades. The 2nd Guards Tank Division , previously active in Mongolia with the 39th Army , disbanded in 2005 having been stationed at Strugi Mirnaya/ Bezrechnaya ( ru:Безречная ), 50 43 25N, 116 10 35E) in Chita Oblast . Also, while the 21st 'Tagenrog' Motor Rifle Division , withdrawn from Germany to

2924-519: The end of the 1990s for the native market. Around 120 T-90 tanks were delivered to the Russian Ground Forces before production of an upgraded version was resumed in 2004. By September 1995, some 107 T-90 tanks had been produced, located in the Siberian Military District . Later, another U.S. report said that "..with only 150 built by mid-1998, the Siberian Military District's 21st Motor Rifle Division received [some of] these MBTs and formed

2992-622: The existing Image Converter (IC)-based sight. On 13 May 2024, Heavy Vehicles Factory delivered the first batch of 10 units of Bhishma Mk. 3, which is a more advanced variant of T-90, as a part of the 464 tank deal signed in 2019. The rest of 454 tanks will be delivered within five years. Enhancements included increase in indigenous content and several upgrades. The upgrades included advanced Mid Wave Thermal Image -based sighting systems (8 km range) and Laser Range Finder (LRF; 5 km range) for commanders developed by DRDO and BEL (replacing Image Converter tube-based sight on older versions),

3060-503: The fighting compartment, has additional internal volume for housing the cryogenic cooling systems for new-generation thermal imagers like the THALES -built Catherine-FC thermal imager (operating in the 8–12 micrometre bandwidth). In all, India plans to have 2,080 T-90 tanks in service by 2020. A third contract, worth $ 1.23 billion, was signed in December 2007 for 347 upgraded T-90Ms, most to be licence-assembled by HVF. The Army hoped to field

3128-508: The first batch of such tanks received by India. This significantly extends the series life in service with the army. In 2005, deliveries began for an initial order of 185 tanks for Algeria . These are known as the T-90SA ("A" is an acronym for Algeria). The Cyprus House Defence Committee approved funds in January 2009 for the purchase of 41 Russian-built T-90 tanks. The money was included as part of

3196-785: The full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine beginning in February 2022, by 12 May, a T-90 was reported to have been destroyed by a Swedish Carl Gustaf man-portable anti-tank grenade launcher in Kharkiv . During this conflict, the T-90 has faced many types of anti-tank missiles, including modern " top attack " missiles such as the American-produced FGM-148 Javelin and the Anglo-Swedish NLAW . These type of missiles are known to be capable of defeating these tanks. Russia has developed Arena, an active protection system developed for

3264-465: The guardian warrior in the Mahabharata ) is a vehicle tailored for Indian service, improving upon the T-90S, and developed with assistance from Russia and France. The tanks are equipped with the French Thales-built Catherine-FC thermal sights. They use Russian Kontakt-5 explosive reactive armour, in addition to the primary armor, which consists of laminated plates and ceramic layers with high-tensile properties. The new welded turrets first developed for

3332-407: The hull and turret design, armor, powerplant and armament. Development work was approved in 1986 and the first prototypes were completed by 1988. The vehicles resulting from the Object 187 program have not been declassified to this date. The Object 188 was engineered by a team under V.N. Venediktov. The biggest change was the integration of the 1A45 fire-control system of the T-80U. The Object 188

3400-415: The main armament on the T-80-series tanks. It can be replaced without dismantling the inner turret and can fire armour-piercing fin-stabilized discarding sabot (APFSDS), high-explosive anti-tank (HEAT-FS), and high-explosive fragmentation (HE-FRAG) ammunition, and 9M119M Refleks anti-tank guided missiles. The Refleks has semi-automatic command to line of sight (SACLOS) laser beam riding guidance and

3468-415: The many, many formations the district raised during the Second World War was the 75th Cavalry Division , formed in September and October 1941. Immediately after the end of World War II , on July 9, 1945, to facilitate the demobilisation process, the Siberian Military District was divided into the Western and Eastern Siberian Military Districts. On January 4, 1956 the Western Siberian Military District

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3536-412: The move as well as very high first hit probability on targets up to 2,000 meters away. These are third-generation tanks modernized with fourth-generation technology. A generation of tanks developed since the beginning of the 21st century and implemented since the 2010s. In August 2023, Hungary announced that it will join the development. A generation of tanks developed since the beginning around of

3604-445: The new generation of tank owing to its cost-effectiveness, simplicity and automotive qualities. The Kartsev-Venediktov Design Bureau from Nizhny Tagil was responsible for the design work and prepared two parallel proposals—the Object 188 , which was a relatively simple upgrade of the existing T-72B tank ( Object 184 ), and the far more advanced Object 187 —only vaguely related to the T-72 series and incorporating major improvements to

3672-401: The other hand, Moscow Defense Brief gives the example of one T-90 that remained in action despite being hit by seven RPGs. The journal concluded that with regular equipment, the upgraded T-90 seems to be the best protected Russian tank, especially with the implementation of Shtora-1 and Arena defensive systems. The T-90A was deployed to Syria in 2015 to support the Russian involvement in

3740-420: The purpose of protecting tanks from anti-tank weapons, anti-tank guided missiles, and missiles with top attack warheads. In January 2024, in fighting around Stepove , two Bradley Fighting Vehicles (BFV) from the Ukrainian 47th Separate Mechanized Brigade engaged a T-90M. The tank was disabled by the Bradleys, and its crew escaped before a FPV drone destroyed the tank. In late September 2024, images showed

3808-602: The range of target identification at night to 3.5–4.0 km without modifications to the sight. In 2016, the Krasnogorsk plant finished testing the Irbis-K night-vision sighting system for the T-80U and T-90, with first deliveries planned for 2017. Completion of the Irbis-K, the first Russian-produced mercury cadmium telluride (MCT) matrix thermal sight, addressed a disadvantage of Russian tanks relative to their Western counterparts. The Irbis-K can identify targets at ranges up to 3,240 meters during day and night. In 2007, there were about 334 T-90 tanks of various types serving in

3876-528: The remaining stocks of cast turrets warehoused at Nizhny Tagil) and powered by the V-84 engine making 840 hp (618 kW). In 2002, 82 vehicles were delivered, now equipped with the new welded turrets and the V-92S2 engine, generating 1,000 hp (735 kW). The initial contract stipulated the following batch of 186 tanks, now officially called Bhishma , to be completed in India from Russian-supplied kits, and then gradually replaced with domestically manufactured parts. Delays in domestic production compelled

3944-427: The same period. In 1997, India signaled interest in the T-90 in response to Pakistan's acquisition of 320 Ukrainian T-80UD tanks. India's Heavy Vehicles Factory in Avadi was already license-manufacturing the T-72 under the name "Ajeya". The first 42 complete Indian tanks were delivered in 2001 and were designated T-90S ( Object 188S ), still equipped with the older cast turrets of the early series (this exhausted

4012-546: The start of the invasion of Ukraine . An article from Forbes magazine in early October 2023 suggested a rise in T-90M's production based on the increasing amount of T90 losses in Ukraine. The UK-based International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) estimates that annual production of T-90M tanks could reach up to 90 units in 2024. Analysis suggests, however, that the majority of these T-90Ms are likely upgrades of older T-90A models rather than newly built tanks. Sources indicate that over 200 T-90Ms have been delivered since

4080-538: The war in Ukraine started. The UK-based Military Watch Magazine reported in September 2024 that efforts to surge the production rate to well over 1000 per year had fallen far short, with the output remaining uncertain with some reports indicating that over 300 T-90Ms would be delivered throughout the year. An early variant of the export-oriented T-90S allegedly saw combat action during the 1999 Chechen invasion of Dagestan instead of being delivered to India. The tank's survivability against rocket-propelled grenades (RPGs)

4148-400: The western district's name was changed back to Siberian Military District, and in 1998 the Transbaikal Military District was merged into it. In 2010 it was divided between the two newly formed Central and Eastern Military Districts. The Siberian Military District was originally formed in 1864, as the Western Siberian Military District , being one of the ten original military districts of

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4216-470: Was again renamed the Siberian Military District. In 1959 the 74th Temryukskaya Red Banner Motor Rifle Division ( 74-я мотострелковая Темрюкская Краснознамённая дивизия ) (в/ч 77087) at Krasnoyarsk was disbanded, with two units joining the 85th Motor Rifle Division. In 1968 the 33rd Army Corps was transferred into the district from the Turkestan Military District , establishing its headquarters at Kemerovo . The 13th Motor Rifle Division at Biysk

4284-454: Was assigned to it. Among the mobilisation divisions formed in the district from the late 1970s was the 167th Motor Rifle Division, whose equipment storage area was co-located with the barracks of the 13th MRD. The 242nd Motor Rifle Division was established at Abakan in 1972. In 1974 for their great contributions to the cause of strengthening the defence of the Soviet State and its armed protection, successes in combat and political training,

4352-808: Was based on or influenced by designs of World War II , most notably the Soviet T-34 . The second generation was equipped with NBC protection (only sometimes), night-vision devices, a stabilized main gun and at least a mechanical fire-control system. The third generation is in Western parlance determined by the usage of thermal imagers, digital fire-control systems and special (composite) armour (Soviet doctrine, however, de-emphasizes thermal vision and electronic fire control, preferring large-caliber gun and engines of high power). However, Hilmes acknowledged that tanks cannot be definitively grouped by generations, as each tank-producing country develops and introduces its tanks in tune with its own ideas and needs. He also states that breakdown of postwar tanks by generations

4420-494: Was deemed obsolete. A follow-on contract, worth US$ 800 million, was signed in October 2006, for another 330 T-90S Bhishma MBTs that were to be manufactured in India by Heavy Vehicles Factory at Avadi , Tamil Nadu. The T-90M features the 'Kaktus K-6' bolted explosive reactive armour (ERA) package on its frontal hull and turret-top (the T-90S has 'Kontakt-5' ERA), is fitted with an enhanced environmental control system supplied by Israel's Kinetics Ltd for providing cooled air to

4488-420: Was initially designated as the T-72BM. The first four of these were delivered for trials in January 1989. An improved variant (called Upgraded T-72B) was delivered beginning in June 1990. In March 1991, the Soviet Ministry of Defense recommended that the Army adopt the Object 188. Work on the Object 187 was simultaneously stopped for unknown reasons. Russian tank production dwindled in the years before and after

4556-418: Was leaked on the internet which showed a T-90 survive a direct frontal turret hit by a TOW missile in Aleppo. The Kontakt-5 reactive armor discharged the TOW warhead before impact. Two Syrian Army operated T-90 were captured by HTS militias while ISIS fighters captured a third in November 2017. A rebel operated T-90 was recaptured by Syrian government forces while the second was reportedly destroyed in combat by

4624-441: Was signed between Libya and Russia. Details of the sale were not immediately released, but a Russian diplomat stated that Libya had wanted 20 fighter planes, air defence systems, and may also be interested in purchasing "several dozen" T-90s, and modernising a further 140 T-72s. However, after Libya's crackdown on anti-government protesters in early 2011, the United Nations enacted an international arms embargo on Libya resulting in

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