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58-456: The studio was located on Newbury Street in the posh Back Bay neighborhood. The space was previously occupied by Intermedia Sound, where Aerosmith and Jonathan Edwards both recorded their first albums. In 1982, the Washington Post described the refurbished brick row house, along with the fresh technology and décor inside -- "everywhere is the smell of newness." A 2017 retrospective in

116-479: A grid plan , the streets are named to indicate their location on a Cartesian coordinate plane . For example, the Commissioners' Plan of 1811 for Manhattan provided for numbered streets running parallel to the minor axis of the island and numbered and lettered avenues running parallel to the long axis of the island, although many of the avenues have since been assigned names for at least part of their courses. In

174-669: A change in official language. After the death of Francisco Franco , the Spanish transition to democracy gave Catalonia the status of an autonomous community , with Catalan as a co- official language . While some street names in Catalonia were changed entirely, most were merely given the Catalan translations of their previous Castilian names; for example, Calle San Pablo (Saint Paul Street) in Barcelona became Carrer Sant Pau . In most cases, this

232-629: A changing or previously unrecognized ethnic community or to honour politicians or local heroes. In towns such as Geneva , Brussels , Namur and Poznań initiatives have recently been taken to name or rename more streets and other public spaces after women. A changed political regime can trigger widespread changes in street names – many place names in Zimbabwe changed following their independence in 1980, with streets named after British colonists being changed to those of Zimbabwean nationalist leaders. After Ukraine 's pro-Western revolution in 2014,

290-520: A direction (the cardinal points east, west, north, south, or the quadrants NW, NE, SW, SE) especially in cities with a grid-numbering system. Examples include "E Roosevelt Boulevard" and "14th Street NW". These directions are often (though not always) used to differentiate two sections of a street. Other qualifiers may be used for that purpose as well. Examples: upper/lower, old/new, or adding "extension". " Main Street " and " High Street " are common names for

348-651: A grid, such as Arlington County, Virginia , a grid-based naming system is still sometimes used to give a semblance of order. Often, the numbered streets run east–west and the numbered avenues north–south, following the style adopted in Manhattan, although this is not always observed. In some cases, streets in "half-blocks" in between two consecutive numbered streets have a different designator, such as Court or Terrace, often in an organized system where courts are always between streets and terraces between avenues. Sometimes yet another designator (such as "Way", "Place", or "Circle")

406-462: A huge street renaming campaign began in the early 20th century, changing almost all of the street names into numbers, in accordance with the adoption of a new unified house numbering scheme. Some New York City Subway stations retained their names, instead of changing with their corresponding street(s). A few examples survive today, such as 33rd Street–Rawson Street station . Sometimes street renaming can be controversial, because of antipathy toward

464-545: A particular theme. One example is Philadelphia , where the major east–west streets in William Penn 's original plan for the city carry the names of trees: from north to south, these were Vine, Sassafras, Mulberry, High (not a tree), Chestnut, Walnut, Locust, Spruce, Pine, Lombard and Cedar. (Sassafras, Mulberry, High and Cedar have since been renamed to Race, Arch, Market [the main east–west street downtown] and South.) Other examples of themed streets: In many cities laid out on

522-540: A railway. Many roads are given the name of the place to which they lead, while others bear the names of distant, seemingly unrelated cities. As a road approaches its stated destination, its name may be changed. Hartford Avenue in Wethersfield, Connecticut , becomes Wethersfield Avenue in Hartford, Connecticut , for example. A road can switch names multiple times as local opinion changes regarding its destination: for example,

580-472: A result of a major project that is being considered for decking over the Turnpike to the west of Massachusetts Avenue. Newbury Street has a mix of shops and eateries. Its renovated brownstone buildings feature coffee shops, cafes, and restaurants, with stores at all retail levels. However, due to the concentration of upscale luxury stores at its easternmost end, it is known as one of the most expensive streets in

638-482: A salon for lessons in "social and aesthetic dance." As more retailers moved in, many lower floor shops began to feature wide glass windows to exhibit luxury goods. In the late 1950s, fashionable boutiques included Darée, Charles Sumner, Miss Harvey (at #32), furriers and Joseph Antell. One of Newbury's oldest and most established retailers is the Brooks Brothers department store which occupies its original quarters at

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696-447: A street is named after a landmark that was destroyed to build that very street. For example, New York's Canal Street takes its name from a canal that was filled in to build it. New Orleans' Canal Street was named for the canal that was to be built in its right-of-way. While names such as Long Road or Nine Mile Ride have an obvious meaning, some road names' etymologies are less clear. The various Stone Streets, for example, were named at

754-670: A street named after Patrice Lumumba in Kyiv was renamed the street of John Paul II . In Portugal , both the Republican Revolution in 1910 and the Carnation Revolution in 1974 triggered widespread changes in street names to replace references to the deposed regimes (the Monarchy and Estado Novo respectively) with references to the revolutions themselves, as well as to figures and concepts associated with them. In response to

812-427: A time when the art of building paved (stone) Roman roads had been lost. The main road through Old Windsor , UK, is called "Straight Road", and it is straight where it carries that name. Many streets with regular nouns rather than proper nouns, are somehow related to that noun. For example, Station Street or Station Road, do connect to a railway station, and many "Railway Streets" or similar do end at, cross or parallel

870-456: A waiting period of ten years or more. A dozen streets in San Francisco 's North Beach neighborhood were renamed in 1988 after deceased local writers; in 1994, the city broke with tradition, honoring Lawrence Ferlinghetti by renaming an alley after the poet within his own lifetime. Naming a street for a person is very common in many countries, often in the honorand's birthplace. However, it

928-485: Is a mile-long street lined with historic 19th-century brownstones that contain hundreds of shops and restaurants, making it a popular destination for tourists and locals. Most of the "high-end boutiques" are located near the Boston Public Garden end of Newbury Street. As the address numbers climb, the shops become slightly less expensive and more bohemian up to Massachusetts Avenue. West of Massachusetts Avenue,

986-605: Is also the most controversial type of naming, especially in cases of renaming. Two main reasons streets are renamed are: (1) to commemorate a person who lived or worked in that area (for example, Avenue Victor Hugo in Paris , where he resided); or (2) to associate a prominent street in a city after an admired major historical figure even with no specific connection to the locale (for example, René Lévesque Boulevard in Montreal , formerly Dorchester Boulevard). Similarly, hundreds of roads in

1044-551: Is an identifying name given to a street or road . In toponymic terminology, names of streets and roads are referred to as odonyms or hodonyms (from Ancient Greek ὁδός hodós 'road', and ὄνυμα ónuma 'name', i.e., the Doric and Aeolic form of ὄνομα ónoma 'name'). The street name usually forms part of the address (though addresses in some parts of the world, notably most of Japan , make no reference to street names). Buildings are often given numbers along

1102-587: Is in York . The unusual etymologies of quite a few street names in the United Kingdom are documented in Rude Britain , complete with photographs of local signage . In the past, many streets were named for the type of commerce or industry found there. This rarely happens in modern times, but many such older names are still common. Examples are London's Haymarket ; Barcelona's Carrer de Moles (Millstone Street), where

1160-590: Is located in the Back Bay area of Boston , Massachusetts , in the United States . It runs roughly east–west, from the Boston Public Garden to Brookline Avenue . The road crosses several major arteries along its path, with an entrance to the Massachusetts Turnpike westbound at Massachusetts Avenue . Newbury Street is known for its retail shops and restaurants. East of Massachusetts Avenue, Newbury Street

1218-642: Is named after a locally famous physician whose clinic was located there. Many streets named after saints are named because they lead to, or are adjacent to, churches dedicated to them. Naming a street after oneself as a bid for immortality has a long pedigree: Jermyn Street in London was named by Henry Jermyn, 1st Earl of St Albans , who developed the St. James's area for Charles II of England . Perhaps to dissuade such posterity-seeking, many jurisdictions only allow naming for persons after their death, occasionally with

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1276-557: Is named after the Estudis Generals, a university building demolished in 1843, and the Rambla de Sant Josep, the Rambla dels Caputxins, and the Rambla de Santa Monica are each named after former convents. Only the convent of Santa Monica survives as a building, and it has been converted to a museum. London's Crystal Palace Parade takes its name from a former exhibition centre that stood adjacent to it, destroyed by fire in 1936. Sometimes

1334-419: Is used for streets which go at a diagonal or curve around, and hence do not fit easily in the grid. In many cases, the block numbers correspond to the numbered cross streets; for instance, an address of 1600 may be near 16th Street or 16th Avenue. In a city with both lettered and numbered streets, such as Washington, D.C., the 400 block may be between 4th and 5th streets or between D and E streets, depending on

1392-502: The Boston Globe recounted how Cars frontman Ric Ocasek viewed the studio (whose door was unmarked) as a "clubhouse for creativity," in the vein of Andy Warhol 's Factory . For a couple of years, it was quite an arty scene, with the likes of Bad Brains , Iggy Pop , and John Belushi hanging out. Ocasek produced Rock for Light for Bad Brains, whose penchant for smoking spliffs kept the local firehouse busy responding to alarms. By

1450-720: The United Nations General Assembly Resolution 3379 , Israel renamed streets called "UN Avenue" in Haifa, Jerusalem, and Tel Aviv to "Zionism Avenue". Some international causes célèbres can attract cities around the world to rename streets in solidarity; for example a number of streets with South African embassies were renamed honouring Nelson Mandela during his imprisonment. Street names can also be changed to avoid negative associations, like Malbone Street in Brooklyn , New York City , renamed Empire Boulevard after

1508-564: The City of Boston has experimented with closing Newbury Street between Berkeley Street and Massachusetts Avenue to vehicular traffic on Sundays during the summer. This "Open Newbury Street" program was extended by the addition of two December weekends as of 2024 . Newbury Street's name celebrates the victory of the Puritans in the 1643 Battle of Newbury in the English Civil War . Newbury Street

1566-521: The Parker Award as the most beautiful new building in Boston. According to architecture columnist Robert Campbell, Gehry "took a blandly forgettable building and transformed it into a monument... It's the first significant example in Boston of a movement known as deconstruction. Deconstructionist buildings are designed to look as if their parts are either colliding or exploding, usually at crazy angles." Since

1624-540: The United States were named with variations of Martin Luther King Jr. , in the years after his 1968 assassination . Conversely, renaming can be a way to eliminate a name that proves too controversial. For example, Hamburg Avenue in Brooklyn, New York became Wilson Avenue after the United States entered World War I against Germany (see below). In Riverside , California, a short, one-way street named Wong Way

1682-482: The United States, most streets are named after numbers, landscapes, trees (a combination of trees and landscapes such as "Oakhill" is used often in residential areas), or the surname of an important individual (in some instances, it is just a commonly held surname such as Smith). Some streets, such as Elm Street in East Machias, Maine , have been renamed due to features changing. Elm Street's new name, Jacksonville Road,

1740-465: The characteristics of an avenue in the generic sense. Some street names have only one element, such as "The Beeches" or "Boulevard". In the 19th and early 20th centuries, it was common when writing a two-part street name (especially in Britain) to link the two parts with a hyphen and not capitalise the generic (e.g. Broad-street, London-road). This practice has now died out. A street name can also include

1798-696: The city plan for Washington, D.C. , north–south streets were numbered away from the United States Capitol in both directions, while east–west streets were lettered away from the Capitol in both directions and diagonal streets were named after various States of the Union. As the city grew, east–west streets past W Street were given two-syllable names in alphabetical order, then three-syllable names in alphabetical order, and finally names relating to flowers and shrubs in alphabetical order. Even in communities not laid out on

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1856-499: The corner of Berkeley St. The transformation that turned Newbury Street into a trendy shopping district probably began in the 1970s with the opening of the original Newbury Comics . From 1970 until the late 1990s, lower Newbury Street was lined with posh up-and-coming art galleries. Newbury Street mavens and hipsters spent Saturday afternoons gallery hopping and enjoying the ubiquitous "wine and cheese" art openings. The renowned music instrument retailer E.U. Wurlitzer Music and Sound

1914-401: The county adopted a uniform addressing and street-naming system, which the county did in 1932. In 1906, Cleveland, Ohio renamed streets to a numbered system. For an example Erie Street became East 9th Street, Bond Street became East 6th Street, and so forth. In Cleveland and its suburbs, all north–south streets are numbered from Cleveland's Public Square and east–west streets are numbered from

1972-579: The deadly Malbone Street Wreck ; Cadieux Street in Montreal renamed De Bullion because the original name became infamous by the former presence of many bordellos; and several streets in the German Village area of Columbus, Ohio which were renamed with more "American" sounding names around World War I due to popular anti-German sentiments. Similarly, Hamburg Avenue in Brooklyn was renamed Wilson Avenue during World War I. Street names also can change due to

2030-453: The direction in which the street in question runs. However, addresses in Manhattan have no obvious relationship to cross streets or avenues, although various tables and formulas are often found on maps and travel guides to assist in finding addresses. Examples of grid systems : In languages that have grammatical cases , the specific part of a road name is typically in the possessive or genitive case , meaning "the road of [Name]". Where

2088-513: The diverse retail landscape. More recently, the district has become a popular destination for highly produced pop up shops. Many e-commerce brands use temporary storefronts on Newbury Street to test the Boston market for expansion, often landing as permanent fixtures on the street. Local and national celebrities such as Julian Edelman , Kanye West , Martellus Bennett , and Gretta Monahan have also created or contributed to pop up activations on Newbury Street. Street name A street name

2146-720: The enacting of the Charter of the French Language continues to press English-majority communities to further gallicise ( francize ) their street names (for example, what was once "Lakeshore Road" was changed to " Chemin Lakeshore" in the 1970s, with the Office québécois de la langue française pressuring a further change to " Chemin du Bord-du-Lac ", completely calquing the English name into French). Sometimes, when communities are consolidated,

2204-589: The major street in the middle of a shopping area in the United States and the United Kingdom , respectively. The most common street name in the US is "2nd" or "Second". Streets are normally named, and properties on them numbered, by decision of the local authority , which may adopt a detailed policy. For instance the city of Leeds , UK, provides that: The etymology of a street name is sometimes very obvious, but at other times it might be obscure or even forgotten. In

2262-463: The new name, the overturning of a respected traditional name, or confusion from the altering of a familiar name useful in navigation. A proposal in 2005 to rename 16th Street, N.W. , in Washington, D.C., "Ronald Reagan Boulevard" exemplified all three. Issues of familiarity and confusion can be addressed by the street sign showing the current name and, in smaller writing, the old name. One compromise when

2320-642: The northernmost point in Cuyahoga County , which is in the City of Euclid . Bedford , Berea , and Chagrin Falls do not adhere to the grid rules of Cleveland. After World War I , Cleveland renamed a numbered street to Liberty Boulevard, to commemorate Cleveland area soldiers who had been killed in the Great War; in 1981, this street was renamed to Martin Luther King Jr. Drive. In the New York City borough of Queens ,

2378-751: The road between Oxford and Banbury changes name five times from the Banbury Road to the Oxford Road and back again as it passes through villages. Some streets are named after the areas that the street connects. For example, Clarcona Ocoee Road links the communities of Clarcona and Ocoee in Orlando, Florida , and Jindivick–Neerim South Road links the towns of Jindivick and Neerim South in Victoria , Australia. Some roads are named after their general direction, such as " Great North Road ". Bypasses are often named after

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2436-636: The specific is an adjective (as in "High Street"), however, it is inflected to match the generic. Street names are usually renamed after political revolutions and regime changes for ideological reasons. In postsocialist Romania, after 1989, the percentage of street renaming ranged from 6% in Bucharest , and 8% in Sibiu , to 26% in Timișoara . Street names can be changed relatively easily by municipal authorities for various reasons. Sometimes streets are renamed to reflect

2494-451: The stonecutters used to have their shops; and Cannery Row in Monterey, California. Some streets are named for landmarks that were in the street, or nearby, when it was built. Such names are often retained after the landmark disappears. Barcelona's La Rambla is officially a series of streets. The Rambla de Canaletes is named after a fountain that still stands, but the Rambla dels Estudis

2552-469: The street borders the Massachusetts Turnpike on its unbuilt southern side, while the northern side is reserved mainly for parking and rear service entrances for buildings on Commonwealth Avenue . Newbury Street is interrupted by the Muddy River and Charlesgate Park. It then continues to border the Turnpike on its southern side until it meets Brookline Avenue. The shopping district might be able to expand as

2610-480: The street by using the 25-foot (7.6 m) space between the building and the sidewalk for various purposes. Some areas are paved and used for displays or sidewalk sales. Others have thick planting... Some lots have stairs up and down to shops and galleries; others have show windows and display cases for flowers or fashions or other items for sale. But each contributes something extra, and together they make these blocks of Newbury Street genuinely attractive. Since 2000,

2668-446: The street to further help identify them. Odonymy is the study of road names. Names are often given in a two-part form: an individual name known as the specific , and an indicator of the type of street, known as the generic . Examples are "Main Road", "Fleet Street" and "Park Avenue". The type of street stated, however, can sometimes be misleading: a street named "Park Avenue" need not have

2726-609: The streets are renamed according to a uniform system. For example, when Georgetown became part of Washington, D.C., the streets in Georgetown were renamed as an extension of Washington's street-naming convention. Also, when leaders of Arlington County, Virginia, asked the United States Post Office Department to place the entire county in the "Arlington, Virginia" postal area, the Post Office refused to do so until

2784-445: The summer of 1983, however, the Cars had become absentee landlords. They chose not to record their Heartbeat City album at Syncro; rather, they went to London. The studio lost its luster -- and worse, became unprofitable. In December 1986, Billboard magazine announced that Syncro Sound was shutting its doors and that the facility would be sold. Newbury Street Newbury Street

2842-514: The town they route traffic around, for example the Newbury bypass . Some streets are named after famous or distinguished individuals, sometimes people directly associated with the street, usually after their deaths. Bucharest's Şoseaua Kiseleff was named after the Russian reformer Pavel Kiselyov who had the road built while Russian troops were occupying the city in the 1830s; its Strada Dr. Iuliu Barasch

2900-642: The turn of the 21st century, Newbury Street has maintained its transformative shopping experience alongside an evolving retail industry. Made-to-measure suits, eco-friendly products , guide shops and concept stores are offerings now commonly found in the area. The street has retained both its sophisticated architectural style and its eclectic mix of retailers, from luxury brands and high-end boutiques to innovative up-and-coming companies, cafés and restaurants. Stores such as Tiffany & Co , Cartier , Valentino , rag & bone , Jack Wills , Steven Alan , Zara , Urban Outfitters , Lady M , Uniqlo and Muji comprise

2958-590: The world. Donlyn Lyndon , the Eva Li Professor Emeritus of Architecture and Urban Design at the University of California, Berkeley , writes that west of Clarendon Street Newbury Street develops its own very distinctive and appealing character and becomes one of the nicest shopping streets in Boston, or anywhere. Renovated town houses with large glass bays on the ground floor produce a delightful urban landscape.... Owners and tenants... have further animated

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3016-591: Was "the least fashionable Street in Back Bay." Owen Wister 's novel, Philosophy 4 , set in the 1870s, mentions Newbury Street: When you saw [Harvard student Oscar Maironi] seated in a car bound for Park Square, you knew he was going into Boston, where he would read manuscript essays on Botticelli or Pico della Mirandola , or manuscript translations of Armenian folksongs; read these to ecstatic, dim-eyed ladies in Newbury Street, who would pour him cups of tea when it

3074-404: Was a part of the greater Boston music scene since 1890, and the store had been located at 360 Newbury Street (on the corner of Massachusetts Avenue) after moving from its LaGrange Street address in the mid-1960s. The building was a plain yellow-brick building by the time the company went out of business in the mid-1980s. In 1989, it was renovated under the direction of architect Frank Gehry and won

3132-538: Was a reversion to Catalan names from decades earlier, before the beginning of the Franco dictatorship in 1939. In a similar way, English street names were changed to French in Quebec during the 1970s, after French was declared the sole language for outdoor signage. This was met with hurt and anger by many of the province's Anglophones , who wished to retain their traditional placenames. The government body responsible for overseeing

3190-474: Was chosen because it leads to the village of Jacksonville. Its former name was chosen because of elm trees; it was renamed when all of the trees along the street succumbed to Dutch elm disease . The Shambles , derived from the Anglo-Saxon term fleshammels ("meat shelves" in butchers' stalls), is a historical street name which still exists in various cities and towns around England . The best-known example

3248-440: Was one of the earliest roads in Boston, its portion was renamed Washington Street by the end of the 18th century. The current road was created during the filling in of Back Bay in the mid-19th century. The 1893 edition of Baedeker's United States catalogs Boston's "finest residence streets" as Commonwealth Avenue, Beacon Street, Marlborough Street, Newbury Street, and Mt. Vernon Street. William J. Geddis, however, notes that it

3306-484: Was over, and speak of his earnestness after he was gone. It did not do the ladies any harm; but I am not sure that it was the best thing for Oscar. The first commercial establishments opened around 1905. By the late 1920s, lower Newbury Street had begun to establish itself as a destination for well-heeled society. With the establishment of Boston's Junior League in 1907, formal dances became very fashionable, and elegant apparel shops prospered. By 1911, 24 Newbury St. featured

3364-759: Was renamed to a more respectful Wong Street, as well as spelled out in Chinese characters to honor the historical Chinatown that once occupied the area. In a case of a street named after a living person becoming controversial, Lech Wałęsa Street in San Francisco was renamed to Dr. Tom Waddell Place in 2014 after Wałęsa made a public remark against gay people holding major public office. There are public benefits to having easily understood systems of orderly street names, such as in sequences: A 1950 American Planning Association report supports use of these systems. Groups of streets in one area are sometimes named using

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