The Synclavier is an early digital synthesizer , polyphonic digital sampling system, and music workstation manufactured by New England Digital Corporation of Norwich, Vermont . It was produced in various forms from the late 1970s into the early 1990s. The instrument has been used by prominent musicians.
83-516: The original design and development of the Synclavier prototype occurred at Dartmouth College with the collaboration of Jon Appleton , Professor of Digital Electronics, Sydney A. Alonso, and Cameron Jones, a software programmer and student at Dartmouth's Thayer School of Engineering . First released in 1977–78, it proved to be highly influential among both electronic music composers and music producers , including Mike Thorne , an early adopter from
166-513: A royal charter in the name of King George III establishing the college. That charter created a college "for the education and instruction of youth of the Indian tribes in this land in reading, writing, and all parts of learning which shall appear necessary and expedient for civilizing and christianizing children of pagans as well as in all liberal arts and sciences and also of English youth and any others". The reference to educating Native American youth
249-478: A Canadian company called Airworks—and I bought the intellectual property and the trademark back from a second bank which had foreclosed on it from Airworks." In 2019, Jones released an iOS version of the Synclavier dubbed Synclavier Go! using much of the original code base. Jones has also worked with Arturia to bring the Synclavier V software version of the instrument to their V Collection plugin suite. In 2022, Synclavier Digital released and started production on
332-454: A color Macintosh began almost immediately. The Macintosh II project was begun by Dhuey and Berkeley during 1985 without the knowledge of Apple co-founder and Macintosh division head Steve Jobs , who opposed expansion slots and color, on the basis that expansion slots complicated the user experience and that color did not conform to WYSIWYG , as color printers were not common. Jobs instead wanted higher-resolution monochrome displays such as
415-417: A contiguous block. Graphics : The Macintosh II includes a graphics card that supports a true-color 16.7-million-color palette and was available in two configurations: 4-bit and 8-bit. The 4-bit model supports 16 colors on a 640×480 display and 256 colors (8-bit video) on a 512×384 display, which means that VRAM was 256 KB. The 8-bit model supports 256-color video on a 640×480 display, which means that VRAM
498-473: A contract by the state and reversed New Hampshire's takeover of the college. Webster concluded his peroration with the famous words: "It is, Sir, as I have said, a small college. And yet there are those who love it." Dartmouth taught its first African-American students in 1775 and 1808. By the end of the Civil War , 20 black men had attended the college or its medical school. and Dartmouth "was recognized in
581-598: A daily route connecting Hanover and Montreal . All three cities are popular weekend/vacation destinations for Dartmouth students. The college's creative and performing arts facility is the Hopkins Center for the Arts ("the Hop"). Opened in 1962, the Hop houses the college's drama, music, film, and studio arts departments, as well as a woodshop, pottery studio, and jewelry studio which are open for use by students and faculty. The building
664-640: A major revitalization of facilities, faculty, and the student body, following large endowments such as the $ 10,000 given by Dartmouth alumnus and law professor John Ordronaux . 20 new structures replaced antiquated buildings, while the student body and faculty both expanded threefold. Tucker is often credited for having "refounded Dartmouth" and bringing it into national prestige. Presidents Ernest Fox Nichols (1909–16) and Ernest Martin Hopkins (1916–45) continued Tucker's trend of modernization, further improving campus facilities and introducing selective admissions in
747-419: A men's institution, began admitting women as full-time students and undergraduate degree candidates in 1972 amid much controversy. At about the same time, the college adopted its " Dartmouth Plan " of academic scheduling, permitting the student body to increase in size within the existing facilities. In 1988, Dartmouth's alma mater song's lyrics changed from "Men of Dartmouth" to "Dear old Dartmouth". During
830-504: A quarter—27.4% to be exact—of student loans for undergraduate students. So, while Dartmouth gets glowing coverage in news publications across the country, 72.6% of the debt it saddles its students with remains." Dartmouth functions on a quarter system, operating year-round on four ten-week academic terms . The Dartmouth Plan (or simply "D-Plan") is an academic scheduling system that permits the customization of each student's academic year. All undergraduates are required to be in residence for
913-461: A record 28,841 applications of which 6.2% were accepted, consistent with the prior two years; approximately 67% of those accepted are expected to matriculate. Of those admitted students who reported class rank, 444 were ranked first or second in their class, while 96% ranked in the top decile. The admitted students' academic profile showed an all-time high SAT average score of 1501, while the average composite ACT score remained at 33. Additionally, for
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#1732869939514996-570: A term off for vacation, outside internships, or research projects. The typical course load is three classes per term, and students will generally enroll in classes for 12 total terms over the course of their academic career. The D-Plan was instituted in the early 1970s at the same time that Dartmouth began accepting female undergraduates. It was initially devised as a plan to increase the enrollment without enlarging campus accommodations, and has been described as "a way to put 4,000 students into 3,000 beds". Although new dormitories have been built since,
1079-539: A terrace above the Connecticut River , Dartmouth's 269-acre (109 ha) main campus is in the rural Upper Valley region of New England . The university functions on a quarter system, operating year-round on four ten-week academic terms. Dartmouth is known for its undergraduate focus, Greek culture , and campus traditions . Its 34 varsity sports teams compete intercollegiately in the Ivy League conference of
1162-600: A third-party keyboard or attempt to upsell a customer to the more expensive (and higher-profit) Extended Keyboard. Audio : The Macintosh II was the first Macintosh to have the Chimes of Death accompany the Sad Mac logo whenever a serious hardware error occurred. The new extensions featured for the Macintosh II at the time were A/ROSE and Sound Manager. The Macintosh II was offered in three configurations. All systems included
1245-693: A total of 607 tenured or tenure-track faculty members, including the highest proportion of female tenured professors among the Ivy League universities, and the first black woman tenure-track faculty member in computer science at an Ivy League university . Faculty members have been at the forefront of such major academic developments as the Dartmouth Workshop , the Dartmouth Time-Sharing System , Dartmouth BASIC , and Dartmouth ALGOL 30 . In 2005, sponsored project awards to Dartmouth faculty research amounted to $ 169 million. Dartmouth served as
1328-556: A variety of academic fields, proficiency in a foreign language, and completion of a writing class and first-year seminar in writing. Many departments offer honors programs requiring students seeking that distinction to engage in "independent, sustained work", culminating in the production of a thesis . In addition to the courses offered in Hanover, Dartmouth offers 57 different off-campus programs, including Foreign Study Programs, Language Study Abroad programs, and Exchange Programs. Through
1411-525: A well-publicized recall of the faulty ROMs and released a program to test whether a particular Macintosh II had the defect. Accessories : The Macintosh II and Macintosh SE were the first Apple computers since the Apple I to be sold without a keyboard. Instead the customer was offered a choice of the new ADB Apple Keyboard or the Apple Extended Keyboard as a separate purchase. Dealers could bundle
1494-556: A workaround that allowed larger SIMMs to be put in Bank B with the PMMU installed. In this case, the ROMs at boot think that the computer has 8 MB or less of RAM. MODE32 then reprograms the memory controller to dedicate more address space to Bank A, allowing access to the additional memory in Bank B. Since this makes the physical address space discontiguous, the PMMU is then used to remap the address space into
1577-533: Is accredited by the New England Commission of Higher Education . In Forbes ' 2019 rankings of 650 universities, liberal arts colleges and service academies, Dartmouth ranked 10th overall and 10th in research universities. In the Forbes 2018 "grateful graduate" rankings, Dartmouth came in first for the second year in a row. The 2021 Academic Ranking of World Universities ranked Dartmouth among
1660-524: Is $ 200,400, with 58% of students coming from the top 10% highest-earning families and 14% from the bottom 60%. However, a 2022 article from The Dartmouth disputes the college's claims by saying the following: "To put it all together with the $ 9 million of student debt from the Class of 2021, this change in Dartmouth policy, hailed as "eliminat[ing] loans for undergraduate students" actually eliminated only about
1743-635: Is a personal computer designed, manufactured, and sold by Apple Computer from March 1987 to January 1990. Based on the Motorola 68020 32-bit CPU, it is the first Macintosh supporting color graphics. When introduced, a basic system with monitor and 20 MB hard drive cost US$ 5,498 (equivalent to $ 14,750 in 2023). With a 13-inch color monitor and 8-bit display card, the price was about US$ 7,145 (equivalent to $ 19,160 in 2023). This placed it in competition with workstations from Silicon Graphics , Sun Microsystems , and Hewlett-Packard . The Macintosh II
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#17328699395141826-450: Is among Dartmouth's most popular majors. These two departments are known for enforcing a median grade of B+ in most of their courses in order to curb the burgeoning trend of grade inflation at American universities. In order to graduate, a student must complete 35 total courses, eight to ten of which are typically part of a chosen major program. Other requirements for graduation include the completion of ten "distributive requirements" in
1909-518: Is built around the Motorola 68020 processor operating at 16 MHz , teamed with a Motorola 68881 floating-point unit . The machine shipped with a socket for an optional Motorola 68851 MMU , but an "Apple HMMU Chip" (VLSI VI475 chip) was installed by default and could not implement virtual memory (instead, it translated 24-bit addresses to 32-bit addresses for the Mac OS, which would not be 32-bit clean until System 7 ). Memory : The standard memory
1992-510: Is centered on a 5-acre (2 ha) " Green ", a former field of pine trees cleared in 1771. Dartmouth is the largest private landowner of the town of Hanover, and its total landholdings and facilities are worth an estimated $ 434 million. In addition to its campus in Hanover, Dartmouth owns 4,500 acres (18 km ) of Mount Moosilauke in the White Mountains and a 27,000-acre (110 km ) tract of land in northern New Hampshire known as
2075-525: Is now a research university rather than simply an undergraduate college, it continues to go by "Dartmouth College" to emphasize its focus on undergraduate education. Following a liberal arts curriculum, Dartmouth provides undergraduate instruction in 40 academic departments and interdisciplinary programs, including 60 majors in the humanities , social sciences , natural sciences , and engineering , and enables students to design specialized concentrations or engage in dual degree programs. In addition to
2158-730: Is one of the nine colonial colleges chartered before the American Revolution . Emerging into national prominence at the turn of the 20th century, Dartmouth has since been considered among the most prestigious undergraduate colleges in the United States. Although originally established to educate Native Americans in Christian theology and the English way of life, the university primarily trained Congregationalist ministers during its early history before it gradually secularized. While Dartmouth
2241-415: Is provided for students from families with total incomes of $ 125,000 or less and possessing typical assets. Dartmouth is also one of a few U.S. universities to eliminate undergraduate student loans and replace them with expanded scholarship grants. In 2015, $ 88.8 million (~$ 112 million in 2023) in need-based scholarships were awarded to Dartmouth students. The median family income of Dartmouth students
2324-481: The Fairlight CMI . When the company launched and evolved its technology, there were no off-the-shelf computing systems, integrated software, or sound cards . Consequently, all of the hardware from the company's main real-time CPU , all input and output cards, analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog cards and its memory cards were developed internally, as well as all of the software. The hardware and software of
2407-463: The Mac286 , which included an Intel 80286 chip and could be used for MS-DOS compatibility. The original ROMs in the Macintosh II contained a bug that prevented the system from recognizing more than one megabyte of memory address space on a Nubus card. Every Macintosh II manufactured until approximately November 1987 had this defect. This happened because Slot Manager was not 32-bit clean. Apple offered
2490-527: The Macintosh IIx . In early 1989, the more compact Macintosh IIcx was introduced at a price similar to the original Macintosh II, and by the beginning of 1990 sales stopped altogether. Motherboard upgrades to turn a Macintosh II into a IIx or Macintosh IIfx were offered by Apple. Two common criticisms of the Macintosh from its introduction in 1984 were the closed architecture and lack of color; rumors of
2573-622: The Macintosh SE , was the first Macintosh to use the Apple Desktop Bus (ADB) introduced with the Apple IIGS for keyboard and mouse interface. The primary improvement in the Macintosh II was Color QuickDraw in ROM , a color version of the Macintosh graphics routines. Color QuickDraw can handle any display size, up to 8-bit color depth, and multiple monitors. Because Color QuickDraw is included in
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2656-587: The Matariki Network of Universities (MNU) together with Durham University (UK), Queen's University (Canada), University of Otago (New Zealand), University of Tübingen (Germany), University of Western Australia (Australia) and Uppsala University (Sweden). In early August 2019, Dartmouth College agreed to pay nine current and former students a total of $ 14 million to settle a class-action lawsuit alleging they were sexually harassed by three former neuroscience professors. In 2019, Dartmouth College
2739-450: The Montauks . Wheelock founded Moor's Indian Charity School in 1755. The Charity School proved somewhat successful, but additional funding was necessary to continue school's operations, and Wheelock sought the help of friends to raise money. The first major donation to the school was given by John Phillips in 1762, who would go on to found Phillips Exeter Academy . Occom, accompanied by
2822-584: The NCAA Division I . The university has many prominent alumni , including 170 members of the United States Congress , 25 U.S. governors , 8 U.S. Cabinet secretaries , 3 Nobel Prize laureates, 2 U.S. Supreme Court justices, and a U.S. vice president . Other notable alumni include 81 Rhodes Scholars , 26 Marshall Scholarship recipients, 13 Pulitzer Prize recipients, 10 CEOs of Fortune 500 companies, and 51 Olympic medalists . Dartmouth
2905-617: The Second College Grant . Dartmouth's campus buildings vary in age from Wentworth and Thornton Halls of the 1820s (the oldest surviving buildings constructed by the college) to new dormitories and mathematics facilities completed in 2006. Most of Dartmouth's buildings are designed in the Georgian colonial architecture style, a theme which has been preserved in recent architectural additions. The college has actively sought to reduce carbon emissions and energy usage on campus, earning it
2988-510: The V-12 Navy College Training Program which offered students a path to a navy commission. The Dartmouth workshop , which was held in 1956, is widely considered to be the founding event of artificial intelligence as a field. In 1970, longtime professor of mathematics and computer science John George Kemeny became president of Dartmouth. Kemeny oversaw several major changes at the college. Dartmouth, which had been
3071-455: The 1920s. In 1945, Hopkins was subject to no small amount of controversy, as he openly admitted to Dartmouth's practice of using racial quotas to deny Jews entry into the university. John Sloan Dickey , serving as president from 1945 until 1970, strongly emphasized the liberal arts, particularly public policy and international relations . During World War II , Dartmouth was one of 131 colleges and universities nationally that took part in
3154-537: The 1990s, the college saw a major academic overhaul under President James O. Freedman and a controversial (and ultimately unsuccessful) 1999 initiative to encourage the school's single-sex Greek houses to go coed. The first decade of the 21st century saw the commencement of the $ 1.5 billion Campaign for the Dartmouth Experience, the largest capital fundraising campaign in the college's history, which surpassed $ 1 billion in 2008. The mid- and late first decade of
3237-442: The 2016–2017 academic year, Dartmouth received 685 transfer applications of which 5.1% were accepted, with an average SAT composite score of 1490, average composite ACT score of 34, and average college GPA of about 3.85. Dartmouth meets 100% of students' demonstrated financial need in order to attend the college, and currently admits all students, including internationals, on a need-blind basis . Dartmouth guarantees to meet 100% of
3320-530: The 21st century have also seen extensive campus construction, with the erection of two new housing complexes, full renovation of two dormitories, and a forthcoming dining hall, life sciences center, and visual arts center. In 2004, Booz Allen Hamilton selected Dartmouth College as a model of institutional endurance "whose record of endurance has had implications and benefits for all American organizations, both academic and commercial", citing Dartmouth College v. Woodward and Dartmouth's successful self-reinvention in
3403-410: The 90–110th best universities in the nation. However, this specific ranking has drawn criticism from scholars for not adequately adjusting for the size of an institution, which leads to larger institutions ranking above smaller ones like Dartmouth. The 2006 Carnegie Foundation classification listed Dartmouth as the only "majority-undergraduate", "arts-and-sciences focus[ed]", "research university" in
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3486-606: The African-American community as a place where a man of color could go to get educated". One of them, Jonathan C. Gibbs , served as Secretary of State and Superintendent of Public Instruction for the state of Florida . In 1866, the New Hampshire College of Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts was incorporated in Hanover, in connection with Dartmouth College. The institution was officially associated with Dartmouth and
3569-554: The Graduate Studies program, Dartmouth grants doctorate and master's degrees in 19 Arts & Sciences graduate programs. Although the first graduate degree, a PhD in classics, was awarded in 1885, many of the current PhD programs have only existed since the 1960s. Furthermore, Dartmouth is home to three professional schools: the Geisel School of Medicine (established 1797), Thayer School of Engineering (1867)—which also serves as
3652-438: The Macintosh II's ROM and relies on 68020 instructions, earlier systems could not be upgraded to display color. In September 1988, shortly before the introduction of the Macintosh IIx , Apple increased the list price of the Macintosh II by roughly 20%. AnimEigo notably used the Macintosh II for subtitling their earliest releases, including MADOX-01 , Riding Bean , and Vampire Princess Miyu . CPU : The Macintosh II
3735-593: The Regen, a desktop FM synthesizer. On 1970s–late 1980s: In late 1980s–1993; operated via Macintosh II as terminal. Neil Rolnick, Joel Chadabe, and Jon Appleton himself are among those who have performed with it frequently. Dartmouth College Dartmouth College ( / ˈ d ɑːr t m ə θ / ; DART -məth ) is a private Ivy League research university in Hanover, New Hampshire , United States. Established in 1769 by Eleazar Wheelock , Dartmouth
3818-552: The Reverend Nathaniel Whitaker, traveled to England in 1766 to raise money from churches. With these funds, they established a trust to help Wheelock. The head of the trust was a Methodist named William Legge, 2nd Earl of Dartmouth . Although the fund provided Wheelock ample financial support for the Charity School, Wheelock initially had trouble recruiting Indians to the institution, primarily because its location
3901-595: The Social Sciences , the Hood Museum of Art , the John Sloan Dickey Center for International Understanding, and the Hopkins Center for the Arts . With a student enrollment of about 6,700, Dartmouth is the smallest university in the Ivy League. Undergraduate admissions are highly selective with an acceptance rate of 5.3% for the class of 2028, including a 3.8% rate for regular decision applicants. Situated on
3984-488: The VPK) that was licensed from Sequential Circuits and used in their Prophet-T8 synthesizer. The company evolved the system continuously through the early 1980s to integrate the first 16-bit digital sampling system to magnetic disk, and eventually a 16-bit polyphonic sampling system to memory, as well. The company's product was the only digital sampling system that allowed sample rates to go as high as 100 kHz. Ultimately,
4067-548: The board ("alumni trustees"). The nominees for alumni trustee are determined by a poll of the members of the Association of Alumni of Dartmouth College, selecting from among names put forward by the Alumni Council or by alumni petition. Although the board elected its members from the two sources of nominees in equal proportions between 1891 and 2007, the board decided in 2007 to add several new members, all charter trustees. In
4150-489: The college' charter to make the school a public university. An institution called Dartmouth University occupied the college buildings and began operating in Hanover in 1817, though the college continued teaching classes in rented rooms nearby. Daniel Webster , an alumnus of the class of 1801, presented the college's case to the Supreme Court , which found the amendment of Dartmouth's charter to be an illegal impairment of
4233-465: The commercial world, due to its versatility, its cutting-edge technology, and distinctive sounds. The early Synclavier I used FM synthesis , re-licensed from Yamaha , and was sold mostly to universities. The initial models had only a computer and synthesis modules; later models added a musical keyboard and control panel. The system evolved in its next generation of product, the Synclavier II, which
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#17328699395144316-516: The company's real-time capability were used in other fields completely remote to music, such as the main Dartmouth College campus computing node computers for one of the USA's first campus-wide computing networks , and in medical data acquisition research projects. New England Digital ceased operations in 1993. According to Jones, "The intellectual property was bought up by a bank—then it was owned by
4399-455: The computer, and objects could be easily dragged from one screen to the next. Third-party displays quickly became available. The Los Angeles Times reviewer called the color "spectacular." The operating system user interface remained black and white even on color monitors with the exception of the Apple logo, which appeared in rainbow color. Storage : A 5.25-inch 40 MB internal SCSI hard disk
4482-582: The controversy that followed the decision, the Association of Alumni filed a lawsuit, although it later withdrew the action. In 2008, the board added five new charter trustees. This is what a college is supposed to look like. —U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower , 1953 Dartmouth College is situated in the rural town of Hanover, New Hampshire , located in the Upper Valley along the Connecticut River in New England . Its 269-acre (1.09 km ) campus
4565-484: The country that also had "some graduate coexistence" and "very high research activity". Undergraduate admission to Dartmouth College is characterized by the Carnegie Foundation and U.S. News & World Report as "most selective". The Princeton Review , in its 2024 edition, gave the university an admissions selectivity rating of 99 out of 99. For the freshman class entering Fall 2023, Dartmouth received
4648-436: The demonstrated need of every admitted student who applies for financial aid at the time of admission. Dartmouth is one of seven American universities to practice international need-blind admissions. This means that all applicants, including U.S. permanent residents, undocumented students in the U.S., and international students, are admitted to the college without regard to their financial circumstances. At Dartmouth, free tuition
4731-406: The fall, winter, and spring terms of their freshman year and two terms of their senior year, as well as the summer term of their sophomore year. However, students may petition to alter this plan so that they may be off during terms of their senior year or sophomore summer terms. During all terms, students are permitted to choose between studying on-campus, studying at an off-campus program, or taking
4814-854: The grade of A− from the Sustainable Endowments Institute on its College Sustainability Report Card 2008. A notable feature of the Dartmouth campus is its many trees which (despite Dutch elm disease ) include some 200 American elms . The campus also has the largest Kentucky coffeetree in New Hampshire, at 91 ft tall. While Dartmouth's campus is located in a rural setting, it is connected to several major cities by intercity bus services that directly serve Dartmouth and Hanover. Dartmouth Coach provides service from Hanover to South Station and Logan International Airport in Boston as well as New York City , while Greyhound Lines operates
4897-496: The graduating class of 2017, the most popular majors were economics, government, computer science, engineering sciences, and history. The Economics Department, whose prominent professors include David Blanchflower , Andrew Samwick , and Diego Comin , among others, also holds the distinction as the top-ranked bachelor's-only economics program in the world. The Government Department similarly includes numerous eminent faculty members, such as Stephen Brooks and William Wohlforth , and
4980-529: The host member of the University Press of New England , a university press founded in 1970 that included Brandeis University , Tufts University , the University of New Hampshire , and Northeastern University . The University Press of New England shut down in 2018. With the exception of Dartmouth College Press titles, in 2021, Brandeis become the sole owner of all copyrights and titles of UPNE. Dartmouth
5063-649: The late 19th century. Since the election of a number of petition-nominated trustees to the Board of Trustees starting in 2004, the role of alumni in Dartmouth governance has been the subject of ongoing conflict. President James Wright announced his retirement in February 2008 and was replaced by Harvard University professor and physician Jim Yong Kim on July 1, 2009. Kim was succeeded by Philip J. Hanlon in June 2013 and Sian Leah Beilock in June 2023. In May 2010 Dartmouth joined
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#17328699395145146-520: The limited success of the Charity School, however, Wheelock intended his new college as one primarily for whites. Occom, disappointed with Wheelock's departure from the school's original goal of Indian Christianization , went on to form his own community of New England Indians called Brothertown Indians in New York. In 1819, Dartmouth College was the subject of the historic Dartmouth College case , which challenged New Hampshire 's 1816 attempt to amend
5229-496: The number of students has also increased and the D-Plan remains in effect. It was modified in the 1980s in an attempt to reduce the problems of lack of social and academic continuity. Dartmouth is governed by a board of trustees comprising the college president ( ex officio ), the state governor ( ex officio ), 13 trustees nominated and elected by the board (called "charter trustees"), and eight trustees nominated by alumni and elected by
5312-524: The ones chosen for his own " BigMac " project begun in 1984 to develop a Macintosh successor. Initially referred to as "Little Big Mac", the Macintosh II was codenamed " Milwaukee " after Dhuey's hometown, and it later went through a series of new names. After Jobs was fired from Apple in September 1985, the Milwaukee project could proceed openly (while Jobs' own BigMac project was cancelled). The Macintosh II
5395-430: The project was led by over 1700 alumnae as part of the celebration of 50 years of coeducation at Dartmouth College. Dartmouth, a liberal arts institution, offers a four-year Bachelor of Arts and ABET-accredited Bachelor of Engineering degree to undergraduate students. The college has 39 academic departments offering 56 major programs , while students are free to design special majors or engage in dual majors. For
5478-655: The system and was very noticeable. 16-bit user sampling (originally in mono only) was added as an option in 1982. This model was succeeded by the ABLE Model C computer-based PSMT in 1984 and then the Mac-based 3200, 6400 and 9600 models, all of which used the VPK keyboard. Synclavier II models used an on/off type keyboard (called the ORK) while later models, labeled simply Synclavier , used a weighted velocity- and pressure-sensitive keyboard (called
5561-636: The system was referred to as the Synclavier Digital Recording Tapeless Studio system among many professionals. It was a pioneering system in revolutionizing movie and television sound effects and Foley effects methods of design and production starting at Glen Glenn Sound . Although pricing made it inaccessible for most musicians (a Synclavier could cost anywhere from $ 25,000 to $ 200,000), it found widespread use among producers and professional recording studios , competing at times in this market with high-end production systems such as
5644-432: The undergraduate department of engineering sciences—and Tuck School of Business (1900). With these professional schools and graduate programs, conventional American usage would accord Dartmouth the label of "Dartmouth University"; however, because of historical and nostalgic reasons (such as Dartmouth College v. Woodward ), the school uses the name "Dartmouth College" to refer to the entire institution. Dartmouth employs
5727-711: The undergraduate faculty of arts and sciences, Dartmouth has four professional and graduate schools: the Geisel School of Medicine , the Thayer School of Engineering , the Tuck School of Business , and the Guarini School of Graduate and Advanced Studies. The university also has affiliations with the Dartmouth–Hitchcock Medical Center . Dartmouth is home to the Rockefeller Center for Public Policy and
5810-512: Was 1 megabyte , expandable to 8 MB. The Mac II had eight 30-pin SIMMs , and memory was installed in groups of four (called "Bank A" and "Bank B"). The original Macintosh II did not have a PMMU by default. It relied on the memory controller hardware to map the installed memory into a contiguous address space . This hardware had the restriction that the address space dedicated to Bank A must be larger than those of Bank B. Though this memory controller
5893-430: Was 512 KB in size. With an optional RAM upgrade (requiring 120 ns DIP chips), the 4-bit version supports 640×480 in 8-bit color. The video card does not include hardware acceleration of drawing operations. Display : Apple offered a choice of two displays, a 12" black and white unit, and a more expensive 13" high-resolution color display based on Sony's Trinitron technology. More than one display could be attached to
5976-602: Was designed by the famed architect Wallace Harrison , who would later design the similar-looking façade of Manhattan 's Metropolitan Opera House at Lincoln Center . Its facilities include two theaters and one 900-seat auditorium and the Courtyard Café dining facility. The Hop is connected to the Hood Museum of Art , arguably North America's oldest museum in continuous operation, and the Loew Auditorium, where films are screened. Macintosh II The Macintosh II
6059-518: Was designed to support up to 16 MB 30-pin SIMMs for up to 128 MB of RAM, the original Macintosh II ROMs had problems limiting the amount of RAM that could be installed to 8 MB. The Macintosh IIx ROMs that also shipped with the FDHD upgrade fixed this problem, though still do not have a 32-bit Memory Manager and cannot boot into 32-bit addressing mode under Mac OS (without the assistance of MODE32). MODE32 contained
6142-440: Was directed by Dartmouth's president. The new college was moved to Durham, New Hampshire , in 1891, and later became known as the University of New Hampshire . Dartmouth emerged onto the national academic stage at the turn of the 20th century. Prior to this period, the college had clung to traditional methods of instruction and was relatively poorly funded. Under President William Jewett Tucker (1893–1909), Dartmouth underwent
6225-569: Was elected to the Association of American Universities (AAU). In April 2022, Dartmouth College returned the papers of Samson Occom, who helped Eleazar Wheelock secure the funds for Dartmouth College for what Occom believed would be a school for Native students in Connecticut, to the Mohegan Tribe . In November 2022, Dartmouth Hall was rededicated after a $ 42 million renovation. Fundraising for
6308-460: Was far from tribal territories. In seeking to expand the school into a college, Wheelock relocated it to Hanover, in the Province of New Hampshire . The move from Connecticut followed a lengthy and sometimes frustrating effort to find resources and secure a charter. The Royal Governor of New Hampshire, John Wentworth , provided the land upon which Dartmouth would be built and on December 13, 1769, issued
6391-606: Was founded by Eleazar Wheelock , a Yale graduate and Congregational minister from Windham, Connecticut , who had sought to establish a school to train Native Americans as Christian missionaries. It was one of the nine colonial colleges chartered before the American Revolution . Wheelock's ostensible inspiration for such an establishment resulted from his relationship with Mohegan Indian Samson Occom . Occom became an ordained minister after studying under Wheelock from 1743 to 1747, and later moved to Long Island to preach to
6474-488: Was included to connect Dartmouth to the Charity School and enable the use of the Charity School's unspent trust funds. Named for William Legge, 2nd Earl of Dartmouth – an important supporter of Eleazar Wheelock's earlier efforts but who, in fact, opposed creation of the college and never donated to it – Dartmouth is the nation's ninth oldest college and the last institution of higher learning established under colonial rule. The college granted its first degrees in 1771. Given
6557-660: Was introduced at the AppleWorld 1987 conference in Los Angeles , with low-volume initial shipments starting two months later. Retailing for US $ 5,498, the Macintosh II was the first modular Macintosh model, so called because it came in a horizontal desktop case like many IBM PC compatibles of the time. Previous Macintosh computers use an all-in-one design with a built-in black-and-white CRT . The Macintosh II has drive bays for an internal hard disk (originally 40 MB or 80 MB) and an optional second floppy disk drive. It, along with
6640-602: Was optional, as was a second internal 800 kilobyte 3.5-inch floppy disk drive. Expansion : Six NuBus slots were available for expansion (at least one of which had to be used for a graphics card , as the Mac II had no onboard graphics chipset and the OS didn't support headless booting). It is possible to connect as many as six displays to a Macintosh II by filling all of the NuBus slots with graphics cards. Another option for expansion included
6723-412: Was ranked 12th among undergraduate programs at national universities by U.S. News & World Report in its 2022 rankings. U.S. News also ranked the school 3rd best for veterans, tied for 5th best in undergraduate teaching, and 7th for "best value" national universities. Dartmouth's undergraduate teaching was previously ranked 1st by U.S. News for five years in a row (2009–2013). Dartmouth College
6806-471: Was released in early 1980 with the strong influence of music producer Denny Jaeger of Oakland, California . It was originally Jaeger's suggestion that the FM synthesis concept be extended to allow four simultaneous channels or voices of synthesis to be triggered with one key depression to allow the final synthesized sound to have much more harmonic series activity. This change greatly improved the overall sound design of
6889-484: Was the first computer in the Macintosh line without a built-in display; a monitor rested on top of the case like the IBM Personal Computer and Amiga 1000 . It was designed by hardware engineers Michael Dhuey (computer) and Brian Berkeley (monitor) and industrial designer Hartmut Esslinger (case). Eighteen months after its introduction, the Macintosh II was updated with a more powerful CPU and sold as
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