142-579: Kasseem Daoud Dean (born September 13, 1978), known professionally as Swizz Beatz , is an American record producer, rapper, and DJ. Born and raised in the Bronx borough of New York City , Dean initially embarked on his musical career as a DJ. At the age of 18, he gained recognition in the music industry through his family's record label Ruff Ryders Entertainment and his affiliation with its flagship artist, Yonkers -based rapper DMX . Working with DMX as his producer, DJ, and hype man helped Dean gain prominence as
284-491: A mixtape titled Limitless , featuring guest appearances from DMX, Nas , Rick Ross, The LOX and ASAP Rocky , the latter of whom is featured on the first single, "Street Knock". On March 22, "Street Knock" featuring ASAP Rocky premiered on "The Angie Martinez Show". In October 2012, at the 2012-2013 New York Knicks Season Tip-Off event at the Beacon Theatre on 73rd Street and Broadway, special guest Swizz Beatz performed
426-539: A 10-minute medley of his hits, alongside the New York Knicks' City Dancers and premiered the starting line-up theme song for the upcoming season, which he produced. On November 2, 2012, Dean released a new single titled "Everyday Birthday", featuring Chris Brown and Ludacris . He produced the song with Jukebox. On August 23, 2013, Dean released "Hands Up", a new single featuring Lil Wayne, Nicki Minaj , Rick Ross , and 2 Chainz . On October 21, 2014, he released "Freaky",
568-547: A December 2007 interview with Format Magazine , Dean stated that he was already working on his second studio album, at the time under the title Life After the Party . In 2008, Dean began working on his second studio album. In late 2007, in an interview with Format Magazine he had announced the title as Life After the Party saying: "The opportunities that I've got from doing my album ( One Man Band Man ) are much bigger than just producing. A lot of things came from me being able to put
710-488: A New York City recording session with Mary J. Blige , that the title would be Haute Living , as "it's the perfect phrase to state what he's all about". In November 2010, Dean previewed the album and confirmed guest appearances from Bono , Travis Barker , Kanye West, Lil Wayne, Jay-Z, Lenny Kravitz , Mary J. Blige and John Legend , as well as his wife Alicia Keys. In April 2011, in an exclusive listening session with Rap-Up.com, Dean premiered fourteen tracks set to appear on
852-526: A boom period during 1900–1929, with a population growth by a factor of six from 200,000 in 1900 to 1.3 million in 1930. The Great Depression and post World War II years saw a slowing of growth leading into an eventual decline. The mid to late century were hard times, as the Bronx changed during 1950–1985 from a predominantly moderate-income to a predominantly lower-income area with high rates of violent crime and poverty in some areas. The Bronx has experienced an economic and developmental resurgence starting in
994-583: A chill through the industry that is still felt". In the Washington Post , Chris Richards wrote in 2018 that no case had exerted more influence on pop music, likening it to banning a musical instrument. Some have accused the law of restricting creativity, while others argue that it forces producers to innovate. Since the O'Sullivan lawsuit, samples on commercial recordings have typically been taken either from obscure recordings or cleared, an often expensive option only available to successful acts. According to
1136-537: A commodity, and yet sampling has never been more risky". Sampling can help popularize the sampled work. For example, the Desiigner track " Panda " (2015) reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100 after Kanye West sampled it on " Father Stretch My Hands, Pt. 2 " (2016). Some record labels and other music licensing companies have simplified their clearance processes by "pre-clearing" their records. For example,
1278-496: A few seconds in length, but this increased with improved memory . In 1988, Akai released the first MPC sampler, which allowed users to assign samples to pads and trigger them independently, similarly to playing a keyboard or drum kit. It was followed by competing samplers from companies including Korg , Roland and Casio . Today, most samples are recorded and edited using digital audio workstations (DAWs) such as Pro Tools and Ableton Live . As technology has improved,
1420-553: A flatter eastern section. East and west street names are divided by Jerome Avenue . The West Bronx was annexed to New York City in 1874, and the areas east of the Bronx River in 1895. Bronx County was separated from New York County (modern-day Manhattan) in 1914. About a quarter of the Bronx's area is open space, including Woodlawn Cemetery , Van Cortlandt Park , Pelham Bay Park , the New York Botanical Garden , and
1562-759: A free bridge across the Harlem River. After the American Revolutionary War , the King's Bridge toll was abolished. The territory now contained within Bronx County was originally part of Westchester County , one of the 12 original counties of the English Province of New York . The present Bronx County was contained in the town of Westchester and parts of the towns in Yonkers , Eastchester , and Pelham . In 1846,
SECTION 10
#17328843108041704-568: A high-profile figure in hip hop in the following years. Dean later found a protégé in Philadelphia-based rapper Cassidy , whose success foresaw the launch of Dean's own label imprint, Full Surface Records in 2001. Dean has since signed numerous artists to the label, including Eve , Mashonda and Bone Thugs-n-Harmony . As a recording artist himself, he released his compilation album, Swizz Beatz Presents G.H.E.T.T.O. Stories (2002) and debut studio album, One Man Band Man (2007) through
1846-486: A mainstream audience by the BBC Radiophonic Workshop , which used the techniques to produce soundtracks for shows including Doctor Who . In the 1960s, Jamaican dub reggae producers such as King Tubby and Lee "Scratch" Perry began using recordings of reggae rhythms to produce riddim tracks, which were then deejayed over. Jamaican immigrants introduced the techniques to American hip hop music in
1988-552: A mostly poor African American and Hispanic (largely Puerto Rican ) population in the West Bronx. One significant factor that shifted the racial and economic demographics was the construction of Co-op City , built to house middle-class residents in family-sized apartments. The high-rise complex played a significant role in draining middle-class residents from older tenement buildings in the borough's southern and western fringes. Most predominantly non-Hispanic White communities today are in
2130-570: A new single featuring American rapper La'Vega. In May 2014, Dean was inducted into the Bronx Walk of Fame, where he received a street named in his honor, called "Swizz Beatz Street". In September 2015, it was announced that Dean would host the third annual Global Spin Awards. In June 2017, Dean and One Man Kru appeared as the only two American talents on the 6th season of popular South Korean hip hop TV show "Show Me The Money". In May 2018, Dean released
2272-426: A new town was created by division of Westchester, called West Farms. The town of Morrisania was created, in turn, from West Farms in 1855. In 1873, the town of Kingsbridge was established within the former borders of the town of Yonkers, roughly corresponding to the modern Bronx neighborhoods of Kingsbridge, Riverdale , and Woodlawn Heights , and included Woodlawn Cemetery . Among the famous people who settled in
2414-453: A performing arts center and recording studio out of the former Jindal Films center which includes 111 acres and 3 buildings. On October 22, 2020, Dean became the first American to win a camel race in Saudi Arabia after he won his first race with his team, Kaseem abu Nasser (Saudi Bronx). Dean is Muslim . He and singer Mashonda Tifrere began dating in 1998. Their first pregnancy ended in
2556-465: A piano by playing the recording back at different pitches. The result better resembled a real piano than sounds generated by synthesizers. Compared to later samplers, the Fairlight was limited; it allowed control over pitch and envelope , and could only record a few seconds of sound. However, the sampling function became its most popular feature. Though the concept of reusing recordings in other recordings
2698-407: A place for "the vicious elements, bootleggers, gamblers and their friends in all walks of life" to cooperate and to "evade the law, escape punishment for their crimes, [and] to deter the police from doing their duty". Between 1930 and 1960, moderate and upper income Bronxites (predominantly non-Hispanic Whites) began to relocate from the borough's southwestern neighborhoods. This migration has left
2840-430: A producer and songwriter. A year later he sold his first beat to Ruff Ryders artist DMX , which became his chart-topping single " Ruff Ryders' Anthem ". The song was placed onto DMX's seminal 1998 debut album It's Dark and Hell is Hot . Dean then began producing major hip-hop songs released in 1998 such as " Banned from T.V. " by Noreaga , " Money, Cash, Hoes " by Jay-Z and more. The following year, he produced most of
2982-821: A promontory on the Hudson in Riverdale . Nearer the borough's center, and along the Bronx River , is Bronx Park ; its northern end houses the New York Botanical Gardens , which preserve the last patch of the original hemlock forest that once covered the county, and its southern end the Bronx Zoo , the largest urban zoological gardens in the United States. In 1904 the Chestnut Blight pathogen ( Cryphonectria parasitica )
SECTION 20
#17328843108043124-478: A stillbirth in 2000. Dean's first son, Prince Nasir Dior (born 2000), is a model and rapper—who performs under the name Note Marcato—and was conceived from a previous relationship with Nicole Levy. Dean and Tifrere married in 2004. In December 2006, their son, Kasseem Dean Jr. was born. Dean also has a daughter Nicole, born in May 2008, with UK-based singer Jahna Sabastian, whom he met in 2007. Dean found out about his daughter
3266-541: A system of major Bronx parks connected by park-like thoroughfares is usually attributed to John Mullaly . Woodlawn Cemetery , located on 400 acres (160 ha) and one of the largest cemeteries in New York City, sits on the western bank of the Bronx River near Yonkers . It opened in 1863, in what was then the town of Yonkers, at the time a rural area. Since the first burial in 1865, more than 300,000 people have been interred there. The borough's northern side includes
3408-454: A value of $ 415 million. The Bronx The Bronx ( / b r ɒ ŋ k s / BRONKS ) is the northernmost borough of New York City , coextensive with Bronx County , in the U.S. state of New York . It is south of Westchester County ; north and east of the New York City borough of Manhattan , across the Harlem River ; and north of the New York City borough of Queens , across
3550-763: A voice to my face. It was me just expressing myself and having the opportunity to – it was the one man band. And now I'm doing part two, which is Life After the Party ." In March 2009, Dean released a song titled "You Stay on My Mind". On April 24, 2009, he released a promotional song for Hennessy Black, titled "When I Step in the Club". A music video, directed by Hype Williams , was also released. In 2009, Dean produced many popular singles including " Nasty Girl " by Ludacris featuring Plies , " Who's Real " by Jadakiss featuring OJ da Juiceman , " Million Bucks " by Maino , " Million Dollar Bill " by Whitney Houston , " I Can Transform Ya " by Chris Brown featuring Lil Wayne, and " On to
3692-623: A work, and gave the example of two artists both demanding more than 50%, a mathematical impossibility. He instead advocated for a process of clearing samples on a musicological basis, by identifying how much of the composition the sample comprises. According to Fact , early hip hop sampling was governed by "unspoken" rules forbidding the sampling of recent records, reissues, other hip hop records or non-vinyl sources, among other restrictions. These rules were relaxed as younger producers took over and sampling became ubiquitous. In 2017, DJ Shadow said that he felt that "music has never been worth less as
3834-494: A year after her birth. In 2008, Dean and Tifrere announced their break-up. According to Dean, they had been separated 9 or 10 months by June 2008. Their divorce was finalized in May 2010, citing irreconcilable differences . During this time, he dated singer Alicia Keys , whom he has known since they were teenagers. They married on July 31, 2010, and have two sons together, born in 2010 and 2014. Dean contributed to Tifrere's 2018 book on co-parenting with him and Keys. In 2012, Dean
3976-497: Is a creative act. In the 1940s, the French composer Pierre Schaeffer developed musique concrète , an experimental form of music created by recording sounds to tape , splicing them, and manipulating them to create sound collages . He used sounds from the human body, locomotives, and kitchen utensils. The method also involved tape loops , splicing lengths of tape end to end so a sound could be played indefinitely. Schaeffer developed
4118-546: Is another important early work of sampling, incorporating samples of sources including Arabic singers , radio DJs and an exorcist . Musicians had used similar techniques before, but, according to the Guardian writer Dave Simpson, sampling had never before been used "to such cataclysmic effect". Eno felt the album's innovation was to make samples "the lead vocal". Big Audio Dynamite pioneered sampling in rock and pop with their 1985 album This Is Big Audio Dynamite . Sampling
4260-409: Is based on the Bronx River , while the other strictly separates South Bronx from the rest of the borough. The Bronx River divides the borough nearly in half, putting the earlier-settled, more urban, and hillier sections in the western lobe and the newer, more suburban coastal sections in the eastern lobe. It is an accurate reflection on the Bronx's history considering that the towns that existed in
4402-404: Is composed almost entirely of samples, most of which were cleared "easily and affordably"; the clearance process would be much more expensive today. The Washington Post described the modern use of well known samples, such as on records by Kanye West , as an act of conspicuous consumption similar to flaunting cars or jewelry. West has been sued several times over his use of samples. In 2000,
Swizz Beatz - Misplaced Pages Continue
4544-588: Is directly connected to its strategic location between New England and New York ( Manhattan ). Control over the bridges across the Harlem River plagued the period of British colonial rule. The King's Bridge, built in 1693 where Broadway reached the Spuyten Duyvil Creek , was a possession of Frederick Philipse , lord of Philipse Manor . Local farmers on both sides of the creek resented the tolls, and in 1759, Jacobus Dyckman and Benjamin Palmer led them in building
4686-678: Is land and 15 square miles (39 km ) (27%) is water. The Bronx is New York City's northernmost borough, New York State's southernmost mainland county and the only part of New York City that is almost entirely on the North American mainland, unlike the other four boroughs that are either islands or located on islands. The bedrock of the West Bronx is primarily Fordham gneiss , a high-grade heavily banded metamorphic rock containing significant amounts of pink feldspar . Marble Hill – politically part of Manhattan but now physically attached to
4828-536: Is now the largest private holding of Parks' images and what is now part of the Dean Collection, the couple's philanthropic organization and family collection of international contemporary art. In the summer of 2018, Dean and Keys were featured in Cultured Magazine for their first joint cover, where they delved into Parks' works and the Dean Collection in more depth. Dean also paints in his free time. He donates
4970-632: Is one of the foundations of hip hop , which emerged in the 1980s. Hip hop sampling has been likened to the origins of blues and rock , which were created by repurposing existing music. The Guardian journalist David McNamee wrote that "two record decks and your dad's old funk collection was once the working-class black answer to punk ". Before the rise of sampling, DJs used turntables to loop breaks from records, which MCs would rap over. Compilation albums such as Ultimate Breaks and Beats compiled tracks with drum breaks and solos intended for sampling, aimed at DJs and hip hop producers . In 1986,
5112-695: Is permitted. In Grand Upright Music, Ltd. v. Warner Bros. Records Inc (1991) and Bridgeport Music, Inc. v. Dimension Films (2005), American courts ruled that unlicensed sampling, however minimal, constitutes copyright infringement. However, VMG Salsoul v Ciccone (2016) found that unlicensed samples constituted de minimis copying, and did not infringe copyright. In 2019, the European Court of Justice ruled that modified, unrecognizable samples could be used without authorization. Though some artists sampled by others have complained of plagiarism or lack of creativity, many commentators have argued that sampling
5254-541: Is power. It don't have to be an Ivy league school. Just as long as you're doing your thing, do your thing." In November 2017, Dean confirmed he had graduated from the OPM program. In 2012, Dean began associating with Malaysian businessman Jho Low , alleged to be the mastermind of the 1MDB scandal . Dean appeared at a variety of Low's parties, and became known as one of Low's inner circle of American celebrities, including Leonardo DiCaprio , Jamie Foxx , and Paris Hilton . Jho Low
5396-648: Is promoting include the Monster GODJ and the Monster 24K headphones. Dean currently sits as the Vice President - Sports Style Marketing, Design, and Brand Music Development for global footwear and apparel giant Reebok . On August 9, 2019, it was announced that Dean and his wife, singer Alicia Keys, are planning to transform a large piece of property in Macedon, New York into a music paradise of sorts. The couple wants to make
5538-466: Is protected under American fair use laws, which grant "limited use of copyrighted material without permission from the rights holder". The American musician Richard Lewis Spencer , who owned the copyright for the widely sampled Amen break , never received royalties for its use as the statute of limitations for copyright infringement had passed by the time he learnt of the situation. The journalist Simon Reynolds likened it to "the man who goes to
5680-479: Is still coming, but as far as releasing all on one day, I'm not doing that no more," he said. "I want to just drop singles from Haute Living instead of 'I'm coming on September 13.' I'm like, 'You know what? Let me make every song an event, instead of just that one day being an event.'" Dean and his Monster Music Group signed a joint venture with Imagem Music USA. In a press release, the artist confirmed his excitement at his upcoming partnership with Richard Stumpf and
5822-642: Is the reuse of a portion (or sample ) of a sound recording in another recording. Samples may comprise elements such as rhythm, melody, speech, or sound effects. A sample can be brief and only incorporate a single musical note (as is the case with sample-based synthesis ), or it can consist of longer portions of music (such as a drumbeat or complete melody), and may be layered, equalized , sped up or slowed down, repitched, looped , or otherwise manipulated. They are usually integrated using electronic music instruments ( samplers ) or software such as digital audio workstations . A process similar to sampling originated in
Swizz Beatz - Misplaced Pages Continue
5964-502: The Bedford Park neighborhood; the reservoir was built in the 1890s on the site of the former Jerome Park Racetrack . Further south is Crotona Park , home to a 3.3-acre (1.3 ha) lake, 28 species of trees, and a large swimming pool. The land for these parks, and many others, was bought by New York City in 1888, while land was still open and inexpensive, in anticipation of future needs and future pressures for development. Some of
6106-516: The Billboard Hot R&;B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. Along with often being associated with Ruff Ryders and Roc-A-Fella Records , Dean began to expand his scope to include production of artists from more mainstream labels such as Elektra , Atlantic , Epic , Def Jam and Bad Boy Entertainment . His career largely grew from that point. In February 2007, design duo Heatherette staged their Fall 2007 New York Fashion Week runway show , and Dean
6248-597: The Bronx Zoo in the borough's north and center. The Thain Family Forest at the New York Botanical Garden is thousands of years old and is New York City's largest remaining tract of the original forest that once covered the city. These open spaces are primarily on land reserved in the late 19th century as urban development progressed north and east from Manhattan. The word "Bronx" originated with Swedish -born (or Faroese -born) Jonas Bronck , who established
6390-652: The Dominican Republic ), and immigrants from West Africa (particularly from Ghana and Nigeria ), African American migrants from the Southern United States , Panamanians , Hondurans , and South Asians . The Bronx contains the poorest congressional district in the United States , New York's 15th . The borough also features upper- and middle-income neighborhoods, such as Riverdale , Fieldston , Spuyten Duyvil , Schuylerville , Pelham Bay , Pelham Gardens , Morris Park , and Country Club . Parts of
6532-618: The E-mu Emulator , Akai S950 and Akai MPC . Sampling is a foundation of hip hop music , which emerged when producers in the 1980s began sampling funk and soul records, particularly drum breaks . It has influenced many other genres of music, particularly electronic music and pop . Samples such as the Amen break , the " Funky Drummer " drum break and the orchestra hit have been used in thousands of recordings, and James Brown , Loleatta Holloway , Fab Five Freddy and Led Zeppelin are among
6674-458: The East River . The Bronx, the only New York City borough not primarily located on an island, has a land area of 42 square miles (109 km ) and a population of 1,472,654 at the 2020 census . Of the five boroughs, it has the fourth-largest area, fourth-highest population, and third-highest population density . The Bronx is divided by the Bronx River into a hillier section in the west , and
6816-496: The Guardian , "Sampling became risky business and a rich man's game, with record labels regularly checking if their musical property had been tea-leafed." For less successful artists, the legal implications of using samples pose obstacles; according to Fact , "For a bedroom producer, clearing a sample can be nearly impossible, both financially and in terms of administration." By comparison, the 1989 Beastie Boys album Paul's Boutique
6958-575: The Hutchinson River (named after the religious leader Anne Hutchinson , killed along its banks in 1641), passes through the East Bronx and empties into Eastchester Bay . The Bronx also includes several small islands in the East River and Long Island Sound , such as City Island and Hart Island . Rikers Island in the East River, home to the large jail complex for the entire city, is also part of
7100-505: The New York City Subway contributed to the increase in population as thousands of immigrants came to the Bronx, resulting in a major boom in residential construction. Among these groups, many Irish Americans , Italian Americans , and especially Jewish Americans settled here. In addition, French , German , Polish , and other immigrants moved into the borough. As evidence of the change in population, by 1937, 592,185 Jews lived in
7242-452: The Phonogene , which played loops at 12 different pitches triggered by a keyboard. Composers including John Cage , Edgar Varèse , Karheinz Stockhausen and Iannis Xenakis experimented with musique concrète, and Bebe and Louis Barron used it to create the first totally electronic film soundtrack, for the 1956 science fiction film Forbidden Planet . Musique concrète was brought to
SECTION 50
#17328843108047384-575: The Ruff Ryders record label. In his early work, he generally chose not to sample , instead using the Korg Trinity and Triton keyboards and seeking to accentuate the performance aspect of his music. With his uncles Waah & Dee, as well as his aunt Chivon Dean, all involved with the Ruff Ryders record label, Swizz Beatz began to produce tracks at age 16, and was signed to Ruff Ryders Productions as
7526-459: The Spuyten Duyvil Creek ; Marble Hill's postal ZIP code , telephonic area codes and fire service, however, are shared with the Bronx and not Manhattan. The Bronx River flows south from Westchester County through the borough, emptying into the East River; it is the only entirely freshwater river in New York City. It separates the West Bronx from the schist of the East Bronx . A smaller river,
7668-470: The definite article as "the Bronx" or "The Bronx", both legally and colloquially. The "County of the Bronx" also takes "the" immediately before "Bronx" in formal references, like the coextensive "Borough of the Bronx". The United States Postal Service uses "Bronx, NY" for mailing addresses. The region was apparently named after the Bronx River and first appeared in the "Annexed District of The Bronx", created in 1874 out of part of Westchester County . It
7810-854: The lead singles " It's Me Bitches " and " Money in the Bank ", debuted at number seven on the US Billboard 200 and sold 45,000 copies in its first week. On October 19, 2007, he launched a contest called "Share the Studio", presented by Music Video 2.0 and The Source magazine. The contest was intended to be a continuation of the work from his debut album. Later that same year, Dean signed former Ruff Ryders cohorts and longtime friends, Drag-On and Eve, to Full Surface Records . He also signed legendary Cleveland -based hip hop group Bone Thugs-n-Harmony , where they later released their seventh studio album Strength & Loyalty in May, which Dean executive produced. In
7952-578: The 1940s with musique concrète , experimental music created by splicing and looping tape . The mid-20th century saw the introduction of keyboard instruments that played sounds recorded on tape, such as the Mellotron . The term sampling was coined in the late 1970s by the creators of the Fairlight CMI , a synthesizer with the ability to record and playback short sounds. As technology improved, cheaper standalone samplers with more memory emerged, such as
8094-411: The 1969 track "Amen, Brother", known as the Amen break , became popular with American hip hop producers and then British jungle producers in the early 1990s. It has been used in thousands of recordings, including songs by rock bands such as Oasis and theme tunes for television shows such as Futurama , and is among the most sampled tracks in music history. Other widely sampled drum breaks came from
8236-613: The 1970 James Brown song " Funky Drummer "; the Think break , sampled from the 1972 Lyn Collins song " Think (About It) ", written by Brown; and Led Zeppelin 's 1971 recording of " When the Levee Breaks ", played by John Bonham and sampled by artists including the Beastie Boys , Dr. Dre , Eminem and Massive Attack . In 2018, the Smithsonian cited the most sampled track as " Change
8378-504: The 1970s. Holger Czukay of the experimental German band Can spliced tape recordings into his music before the advent of digital sampling. The Guardian described the Chamberlin as the first sampler, developed by the English engineer Harry Chamberlin in the 1940s. The Chamberlin used a keyboard to trigger a series of tape decks, each containing eight seconds of sound. Similar technology
8520-549: The 1980s, samples were incorporated into synthesizers and music workstations , such as the bestselling Korg M1 , released in 1988. The Akai MPC , released in 1988, had a major influence on electronic and hip hop music, allowing artists to create elaborate tracks without other instruments, a studio or formal music knowledge. Its designer, Roger Linn , anticipated that users would sample short sounds, such as individual notes or drum hits, to use as building blocks for compositions; however, users sampled longer passages of music. In
8662-438: The 62nd and last county to be created by the state, effective in 1914. Bronx County's courts opened for business on January 2, 1914 (the same day that John P. Mitchel started work as Mayor of New York City ). Marble Hill, Manhattan , was now connected to the Bronx by filling in the former waterway, but it is not part of the borough or county. The history of the Bronx during the 20th century may be divided into four periods:
SECTION 60
#17328843108048804-505: The Alarm " ( Beyoncé ), " Bring 'Em Out " ( T.I. ), " Hotel " (Cassidy), " Touch It " ( Busta Rhymes ), " Fancy " ( Drake ), and " Uproar " ( Lil Wayne ), among others . Dean has won a Grammy Award from five nominations. He was named the inaugural "Producer in Residence" at New York University in 2010, and The Source magazine included him on their 2008 list of the "20 Greatest Producers" of
8946-812: The American producer Frank Dukes , has been used by artists including Drake , Kanye West , Kendrick Lamar , and J. Cole . In 2020, the US Library of Congress created an open-source web application that allows users to sample its copyright-free audio collection. Instead of sampling, artists may recreate a recording, a process known as interpolation. This requires only the musical content owner's permission, and creates more freedom to alter constituent components such as separate guitar and drum tracks. Sampling has influenced many genres of music, particularly pop, hip hop and electronic music. The Guardian journalist David McNamee likened its importance in these genres to
9088-461: The Beat " by Fab Five Freddy , which appears in more than 1,150 tracks. According to WhoSampled , a user-edited website that catalogs samples, James Brown appears in more than 3000 tracks, more than any other artist. The Independent named Loleatta Holloway as the most sampled female singer in popular music. Her vocals were sampled in house and dance tracks such as " Ride on Time " by Black Box ,
9230-656: The Bridgeport judgement was decided in an American Federal court of appeal , lower courts ruling on similar issues are bound to abide by it. However, in the 2016 case VMG Salsoul v Ciccone , the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit ruled that Madonna did not require a license for a short horn sample in her 1990 song " Vogue ". The judge Susan Graber wrote that she did not see why sampling law should be an exception to standard de minimis law. In 2019,
9372-488: The Bronx (43.9% of the borough's population), while only 54,000 Jews lived in the borough in 2011. Many synagogues still stand in the Bronx, but most have been converted to other uses. Bootleggers and gangs were active in the Bronx during Prohibition (1920–1933). Irish, Italian, Jewish, and Polish gangs smuggled in most of the illegal whiskey, and the oldest sections of the borough became poverty-stricken. Police Commissioner Richard Enright said that speakeasies provided
9514-544: The Bronx began in 1639. The Bronx was originally part of Westchester County , but it was ceded to New York County in two major parts ( West Bronx , 1874 and East Bronx , 1895) before it became Bronx County. Originally, the area was part of the Lenape 's Lenapehoking territory inhabited by Siwanoy of the Wappinger Confederacy. Over time, European colonists converted the borough into farmlands. The Bronx's development
9656-404: The Bronx during the 19th and early 20th centuries were author Willa Cather , tobacco merchant Pierre Lorillard , and inventor Jordan L. Mott , who established Mott Haven to house the workers at his iron works. The consolidation of the Bronx into New York City proceeded in two stages. In 1873, the state legislature annexed Kingsbridge, West Farms, and Morrisania to New York, effective in 1874;
9798-407: The Bronx saw a steep decline in population, livable housing, and quality of life starting from the mid-to-late 1960s, continuing throughout the 1970s and into the 1980s, ultimately culminating in a wave of arson in the late 1970s, a period when hip hop music evolved. The South Bronx , in particular, experienced severe urban decay . The borough began experiencing new population growth starting in
9940-692: The Bronx was designated an All America City by the National Civic League , acknowledging its comeback from the decline of the mid-century. In 2006, The New York Times reported that "construction cranes have become the borough's new visual metaphor, replacing the window decals of the 1980s in which pictures of potted plants and drawn curtains were placed in the windows of abandoned buildings." The borough has experienced substantial new building construction since 2002. Between 2002 and June 2007, 33,687 new units of housing were built or were under way and $ 4.8 billion has been invested in new housing. In
10082-521: The Bronx – is so-called because of the formation of Inwood marble there as well as in Inwood, Manhattan , and parts of the Bronx and Westchester County. The Hudson River separates the Bronx on the west from Alpine , Tenafly and Englewood Cliffs in Bergen County, New Jersey ; the Harlem River separates it from the island of Manhattan to the southwest; the East River separates it from Queens to
10224-502: The Bronx's decline may have been the development of high-rise housing projects , particularly in the South Bronx . Yet another factor may have been a reduction in the real estate listings and property-related financial services offered in some areas of the Bronx, such as mortgage loans or insurance policies—a process known as redlining . Others have suggested a " planned shrinkage " of municipal services, such as fire-fighting. There
10366-532: The Bronx-based organization Great and Glorious Grand Army of The Bronx, arguing the definite article is part of the proper name. In particular, the Great and Glorious Grand Army of The Bronx is leading efforts to make the city refer to the borough with an uppercase definite article in all uses, comparing the lowercase article in the Bronx's name to "not capitalizing the 's' in 'Staten Island ' ". European colonization of
10508-561: The Bronx. The Bronx's highest elevation at 280 feet (85 m) is in the northwest corner, west of Van Cortlandt Park and in the Chapel Farm area near the Riverdale Country School . The opposite (southeastern) side of the Bronx has four large low peninsulas or "necks" of low-lying land that jut into the waters of the East River and were once salt marsh : Hunt's Point, Clason's Point, Screvin's Neck and Throggs Neck . Further up
10650-519: The Los Angeles record label Now-Again Records has cleared songs produced for West and Pusha T in a matter of hours. The owner of sampled material may not always be traceable, and such knowledge is commonly mislaid through corporate mergers, closures and buyouts. For example, Eddie Johns, the author of a song sampled in the 2000 Daft Punk track " One More Time ", has never been located. As of 2021, he
10792-836: The Next One " by Jay-Z. On February 12, 2010, he and 81 other artists including Kanye West, Lil Wayne, Justin Bieber , Miley Cyrus , Jamie Foxx , Will.i.am , and Usher , debuted " We Are the World 25 for Haiti " during the Opening Ceremonies of the Winter Olympics in Vancouver . Inspired by GOOD Fridays the 2010 weekly series of free mp3s from Kanye West , Swizz Beatz launched his own series titled Monster Mondays later that year. The first offering, "DJ Play that Beat", featured Estelle , and
10934-520: The Secret Life of Plants may have been the first album to make extensive use of samples. The Japanese electronic band Yellow Magic Orchestra were pioneers in sampling, constructing music by cutting fragments of sounds and looping them. Their album Technodelic (1981) is an early example of an album consisting mostly of samples. My Life in the Bush of Ghosts (1981) by David Byrne and Brian Eno
11076-527: The Sheikh to let him use the airspace for only a dollar. Dean announced that he was planning to release the album on September 13, to coincide with his birth date. Rather than being released under his own imprint, the album is set to be released under his legal contract with Everest Entertainment/ Atlantic Records / Warner Music Group , who signed the rapper in August 2010. His first Grammy Award came in 2011, awarded in
11218-504: The South Bronx. The IRT White Plains Road Line ( 2 and 5 trains) began to show an increase in riders. Chains such as Marshalls , Staples , and Target opened stores in the Bronx. More bank branches opened in the Bronx as a whole (rising from 106 in 1997 to 149 in 2007), although not primarily in poor or minority neighborhoods, while the Bronx still has fewer branches per person than other boroughs. In 1997,
11360-537: The Third Avenue Bridge as people buy apartments and renovate them. Several boutique and chain hotels opened in the 2010s in the South Bronx . New developments are underway. The Bronx General Post Office on the corner of the Grand Concourse and East 149th Street is being converted into a market place, boutiques, restaurants and office space with a USPS concession. The Kingsbridge Armory , often cited as
11502-662: The acquired land was set aside for the Grand Concourse and Pelham Parkway , the first of a series of boulevards and parkways ( thoroughfares lined with trees, vegetation and greenery). Later projects included the Bronx River Parkway , which developed a road while restoring the riverbank and reducing pollution, Mosholu Parkway and the Henry Hudson Parkway . In 2006, a five-year, $ 220-million program of capital improvements and natural restoration in 70 Bronx parks
11644-416: The album until the song was removed. The journalist Dan Charnas criticized the ruling, saying it was difficult to apply conventional copyright laws to sampling and that the American legal system did not have "the cultural capacity to understand this culture and how kids relate to it". In 2005, the writer Nelson George described it as the "most damaging example of anti-hip hop vindictiveness", which "sent
11786-526: The album, including "V.I.P. Chillin" and also several previously unheard songs, including "Dance Like a White Girl" and "Instructions". He also premiered unfinished versions of several music videos made for the album, revealing that the Reebok-commissioned video for "International Party" cost $ 1.4 million to shoot, and that the video for "You Stay on My Mind" was shot in Dubai: he also revealed that he persuaded
11928-473: The album, including one titled "Skyscrapers" featuring Kanye West and Bono: "We got this song–it's me, Bono and Kanye on this one song called 'Skyscrapers'. I recorded with Kanye in the studio and then I recorded with Bono in this actual studio right here. Mary J. Blige is on the album too; John Legend. But they're all on the album in super amazing ways. It's not like a compilation–it's a nice mixture of creativity. I had no boundaries with it; I had great partners on
12070-402: The album–Reebok was supporting me." In May 2011, during an interview with BBC Radio 1Xtra's DJ Semtex, Swizz Beatz announced that his upcoming third solo album Haute Living , would be released on his birthday, September 13, 2011. In July 2011, Swizz Beatz said instead of releasing all of the songs at once, he would release the tracks over an extended period of time: "Let me clarify: Haute Living
12212-480: The area prior to annexation to the City of New York generally did not straddle the Bronx River. In addition, what is today the Bronx was annexed to New York City in two stages: areas west of the Bronx River were annexed in 1874 while areas to the east of the river were annexed in 1895. Under this system, the Bronx can be further divided into the following regions: Sampling (music) In sound and music , sampling
12354-553: The bestselling single of 1989 in the UK. The orchestra hit originated as a sound on the Fairlight, sampled from Stravinsky's 1910 orchestral work Firebird Suite , and became a hip hop cliché. MusicRadar cited the Zero-G Datafiles sample libraries as a major influence on 90s dance music, becoming the "de facto source of breakbeats, bass and vocal samples". To legally use a sample, an artist must acquire legal permission from
12496-492: The borough's name is sometimes disputed. Generally, the definite article is lowercase in place names ("the Bronx") except in some official references. The definite article is capitalized ("The Bronx") at the beginning of a sentence or in any other situation when a normally lowercase word would be capitalized. However, some people and groups refer to the borough with a capital letter at all times, such as Bronx Borough Historian Lloyd Ultan , The Bronx County Historical Society , and
12638-404: The building they lived in so they could qualify for emergency relocations by city social service agencies to better residences, sometimes being relocated to other parts of the city. Out of 289 census tracts in the Bronx borough, 7 tracts lost more than 97% of their buildings to arson and abandonment between 1970 and 1980; another 44 tracts had more than 50% of their buildings meet the same fate. By
12780-433: The car culture television show Drive with Swizz Beatz on Hulu . In 2003, he became a partner involved in the popular clothing company Kidrobot , a creator and retailer of limited-edition art toys and clothing. On Twitter in 2010, Dean revealed his new sneaker line with Reebok . Dean is an avid art collector and connoisseur actively projecting and displaying his taste via Instagram. The curated collection of favourites
12922-451: The category of Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group for a track titled " On to the Next One " teaming him with Jay-Z. The first promotional single from Haute Living was titled "Everyday (Coolin')", features a verse from Eve, was produced by Joe Lindsay, and was released through monstermondays.com on March 28, 2011. In an April 2011 interview with Paper Mag, Dean revealed that a few yet-to-be-released special collaborations would appear on
13064-577: The city in 1896. Following these two annexations, the Bronx's territory had moved from Westchester County into New York County, which already included Manhattan and the rest of pre-1874 New York City. On January 1, 1898, the consolidated City of New York was born, including the Bronx as one of the five distinct boroughs . However, it remained part of New York County until Bronx County was created in 1914. On April 19, 1912, those parts of New York County which had been annexed from Westchester County in previous decades were newly constituted as Bronx County,
13206-514: The coastline, Rodman's Neck lies between Pelham Bay Park in the northeast and City Island . The Bronx's irregular shoreline extends for 75 square miles (194 km ). Although Bronx County was the third most densely populated county in the United States in 2022 (after Manhattan and Brooklyn ), 7,000 acres (28 km ) of the Bronx—about one fifth of the Bronx's area, and one quarter of its land area—is given over to parkland. The vision of
13348-401: The copyright holder, a potentially lengthy and complex process known as clearance. Sampling without permission can breach the copyright of the original sound recording, of the composition and lyrics, and of the performances, such as a rhythm or guitar riff. The moral rights of the original artist may also be breached if they are not credited or object to the sampling. In some cases, sampling
13490-627: The couple were featured in their first cover shoot for Cultured Magazine that same year. He spent much of his childhood raised by his mother in the North East Bronx , where he first encountered hip hop . After obtaining the necessary equipment from his stepfather and uncles, he began DJing as a teenager and enjoyed a modicum of success. After relocating to Atlanta, Georgia , due to his repeated involvement in violent behavior at Harry S. Truman High School , he started to work for his uncles, Joaquin (Waah) and Darrin (Dee) Dean, who were co-CEOs of
13632-412: The early 1980s, the Bronx was considered the most blighted urban area in the country, particularly the South Bronx which experienced a loss of 60% of the population and 40% of housing units. However, starting in the 1990s, many of the burned-out and run-down tenements were replaced by new housing units. In May 1984, New York Supreme Court justice Peter J. McQuillan ruled that Marble Hill, Manhattan ,
13774-491: The eastern and northwestern sections of the borough . From the mid-1960s to the early 1980s, the quality of life changed for some Bronx residents. Historians and social scientists have suggested many factors, including the theory that Robert Moses ' Cross Bronx Expressway destroyed existing residential neighborhoods and created instant slums, as put forward in Robert Caro 's biography The Power Broker . Another factor in
13916-439: The entire group over at Imagem Music, saying: "This partnership will enable me to further develop my group of talented producers and also introduce many new producers and writers to the world". Protégé Musicman Ty and Naki "Snagz" Levy were the first acts to sign with Monster Music Publishing, and on May 21, 2011, he further confirmed that Dr. Dre was working on the album with him. In March 2012, Dean announced that he would release
14058-612: The first European settlement in the area as part of the New Netherland colony in 1639. European settlers displaced the native Lenape after 1643. In the 19th and 20th centuries, the Bronx received many immigrant and migrant groups as it was transformed into an urban community, first from European countries particularly Ireland , Germany , Italy , and Eastern Europe , and later from the Caribbean region (particularly Puerto Rico , Trinidad , Haiti , Guyana , Jamaica , Barbados , and
14200-552: The first album created entirely from samples. The E-mu SP-1200 , released in 1987, had a ten-second sample length and a distinctive "gritty" sound, and was used extensively by East Coast producers during the golden age of hip hop of the late 1980s and early 90s. Commonly sampled elements include strings, basslines, drum loops, vocal hooks or entire bars of music, especially from soul records. Samples may be layered, equalized , sped up or slowed down, repitched, looped or otherwise manipulated. A seven-second drum break in
14342-473: The first six months of 2007 alone total investment in new residential development was $ 965 million and 5,187 residential units were scheduled to be completed. Much of the new development is springing up in formerly vacant lots across the South Bronx. In addition there came a revitalization of the existing housing market in areas such as Hunts Point, the Lower Concourse, and the neighborhoods surrounding
14484-516: The highly popular Verzuz Instagram webcast series. In 2021, for their work on Verzuz , they both appeared on the Time 100 , Time ' s annual list of the 100 most influential people in the world. That same year, Dean became series music producer for the ABC TV show Queens starring Brandy , Eve, Naturi Naughton and Nadine Velazquez . Queens premiered on October 19, 2021. In 2023, Dean hosted
14626-457: The hip hop group N.W.A . were successfully sued for their use of a two-second sample of a Funkadelic song in the 1990 track " 100 Miles and Runnin' ". The United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit ruled that all samples, no matter how short, required a license. A judge wrote: "Get a license or do not sample. We do not see this as stifling creativity in any significant way." As
14768-521: The importance of the guitar in rock. In August 2022, the Guardian noted that half of the singles in the UK Top 10 that week used samples. Sampling is a fundamental element of remix culture . Using the Fairlight, the "first truly world-changing sampler", the English producer Trevor Horn became the "key architect" in incorporating sampling into pop music in the 1980s. Other users of the Fairlight included Kate Bush , Peter Gabriel and Thomas Dolby . In
14910-500: The jazz flautist James Newton filed a claim against the Beastie Boys' 1992 single " Pass the Mic ", which samples his composition "Choir". The judge found that the sample, comprising six seconds and three notes, was de minimis (small enough to be trivial) and did not require clearance. Newton lost appeals in 2003 and 2004. In the 2005 case Bridgeport Music, Inc. v. Dimension Films ,
15052-571: The label; the latter peaked at number seven on the Billboard 200 despite mixed critical reception. He signed with Epic Records to release his second album, Poison (2018). As a producer, Dean has been credited on releases by prominent music industry artists in hip hop , pop , soul , rock and R&B . With a career spanning over two decades, his works include " Ruff Ryders' Anthem ", " Party Up (Up in Here) " (DMX), " Upgrade U ", " Check on It ", " Ring
15194-411: The largest armory in the world, is currently slated for redevelopment. Under consideration for future development is the construction of a platform over the New York City Subway 's Concourse Yard adjacent to Lehman College . The construction would permit approximately 2,000,000 square feet (190,000 m ) of development and would cost US$ 350–500 million . Despite significant investment compared to
15336-537: The largest park in New York City— Pelham Bay Park , which includes Orchard Beach —and the third-largest, Van Cortlandt Park , which is west of Woodlawn Cemetery and borders Yonkers . Also in the northern Bronx, Wave Hill , the former estate of George W. Perkins —known for a historic house, gardens, changing site-specific art installations and concerts—overlooks the New Jersey Palisades from
15478-624: The last 20 years. Kanye West has referred to Dean as "the best rap producer of all time". Aside from music, Dean has also been involved in fashion design , art collection, and board directing —he has been a member of trustees at the Brooklyn Museum since 2015, and served as a creative director for the companies Monster Cable and Reebok . With his wife Alicia Keys , he jointly won the Producers & Engineers Wing Award by The Recording Academy for "outstanding contributions to music" in 2018, and
15620-438: The late 1980s that continues into today. The Bronx was a mostly rural area for many generations, with small farms supplying the city markets. In the late 19th century, however, it grew into a railroad suburb. Faster transportation enabled rapid population growth in the late 19th century, involving the move from horse-drawn street cars to elevated railways and the subway system, which linked to Manhattan in 1904. The South Bronx
15762-583: The late 1990s and continuing to the present day. The Bronx was called Rananchqua by the native Siwanoy band of Lenape (also known historically as the Delawares ), while other Native Americans knew the Bronx as Keskeskeck . It was divided by the Aquahung River (now known in English as the Bronx River ). The Bronx was named after Jonas Bronck ( c. 1600–1643 ), a European settler whose precise origins are disputed. Documents indicate he
15904-556: The mainland immediately north of the Dutch settlement of New Haarlem (on Manhattan Island ), and bought additional tracts from the local tribes. He eventually accumulated 500 acres (200 ha) between the Harlem River and the Aquahung, which became known as Bronck's River or the Bronx [River] . Dutch and English settlers referred to the area as Bronck's Land . The American poet William Bronk
16046-606: The money he earns from his paintings to the Children's Cancer & Blood Foundation. In 2010, Dean became involved in the design and launch of the Aston Martin Rapide. In 2011, Swizz Beatz became the official face of Lotus cars until CEO Dany Bahar left the company. Subsequently, Swizz Beatz returned to Aston Martin for 2013. In early 2013, Dean invested in and joined the board of Monster , and became involved in product management and marketing activities. Monster products that he
16188-438: The most sampled artists. The first album created entirely from samples, Endtroducing by DJ Shadow , was released in 1996. Sampling without permission can infringe copyright or may be fair use . Clearance , the process of acquiring permission to use a sample, can be complex and costly; samples from well-known sources may be prohibitively expensive. Courts have taken different positions on whether sampling without permission
16330-559: The official maps of the city. Since the late 1980s, significant development has occurred in the Bronx, first stimulated by the city's "Ten-Year Housing Plan" and community members working to rebuild the social, economic and environmental infrastructure by creating affordable housing . Groups affiliated with churches in the South Bronx erected the Nehemiah Homes with about 1,000 units. The grass roots organization Nos Quedamos' endeavor known as Melrose Commons began to rebuild areas in
16472-482: The possibilities for manipulation have grown. Samples are distributed in sample libraries, also known as sample packs. In the 1990s, sample libraries from companies such as Zero-G and Spectrasonics had a major influence on contemporary music. In the 2000s, Apple introduced "Jam Packs" sample libraries for its DAW GarageBand . In the 2010s, producers began releasing sample packs on online platforms such as Splice . The Kingsway Music Library, created in 2015 by
16614-427: The post war period, many exacerbated social problems remain including high rates of violent crime, substance abuse, overcrowding, and substandard housing conditions. The Bronx has the highest rate of poverty in New York City, and the greater South Bronx is the poorest area. According to the U.S. Census Bureau , Bronx County has a total area of 57 square miles (150 km ), of which 42 square miles (110 km )
16756-516: The song "It's Okayyy", ahead of the release of his then upcoming album Poison . He recorded 70 songs and used 10 for the album. Poison features Kendrick Lamar , Lil Wayne, Pusha T, Nas, Young Thug , The Lox, 2 Chainz, among others. In July 2018, Dean said he worked with Nas on the latter's follow-up to his 2018 release Nasir . Dean released "Pistol on My Side" featuring Lil Wayne from Poison , along with its music video, on September 14, 2018. In March 2020, Dean, along with Timbaland , launched
16898-729: The songs of the Ruff Ryders compilation album Ryde or Die Vol. 1 , as well as the bulk of Eve 's debut album . In 2001, in a joint venture with Clive Davis , Swizz Beatz established his own record label, Full Surface Records , which became a subsidiary of J Records . The first artist signed was Philadelphia -based rapper Cassidy . When Dean released his first compilation album Swizz Beatz Presents G.H.E.T.T.O. Stories , in 2002, he began to get noticed for his production style and interesting ideas, as well as his protege and artist, Cassidy , who also started to gain recognition for his ability as well. The same year, Dean released two singles , "Guilty" and "Bigger Business", both of which charted on
17040-452: The southeast; and to the east, Long Island Sound separates it from Nassau County in western Long Island. Directly north of the Bronx are (from west to east) the adjoining Westchester County communities of Yonkers , Mount Vernon , Pelham Manor and New Rochelle . There is also a short southern land boundary with Marble Hill in the Borough of Manhattan, over the filled-in former course of
17182-456: The sperm bank and unknowingly sires hundreds of children". Clyde Stubblefield , the performer of the widely sampled drum break from " Funky Drummer ", also received no royalties. DJ Shadow said that artists tended to either see sampling as a mark of respect and a means to introduce their music to new audiences, or to be protective of their legacy and see no benefit. He described the difficulty of arranging compensation for each artist sampled in
17324-453: The three towns were soon abolished in the process. The whole territory east of the Bronx River was annexed to the city in 1895, three years before New York's consolidation with Brooklyn , Queens , and Staten Island . This included the Town of Westchester (which had voted against consolidation in 1894) and parts of Eastchester and Pelham. The nautical community of City Island voted to join
17466-471: The tracks " South Bronx ", " Eric B. is President " and " It's a Demo " sampled the funk and soul tracks of James Brown , particularly a drum break from " Funky Drummer " (1970), helping popularize the technique. The advent of affordable samplers such as the Akai MPC (1988) made looping easier. Guinness World Records cites DJ Shadow 's acclaimed hip hop album Endtroducing (1996), made on an MPC60, as
17608-408: The words of Greg Milner, author of Perfecting Sound Forever , musicians "didn't just want the sound of John Bonham's kick drum, they wanted to loop and repeat the whole of ' When the Levee Breaks '." Linn said: "It was a very pleasant surprise. After 60 years of recording, there are so many prerecorded examples to sample from. Why reinvent the wheel?" Stevie Wonder's 1979 album Journey Through
17750-577: Was a Swedish-born immigrant from Komstad, Norra Ljunga parish in Småland , Sweden, who arrived in New Netherland during the spring of 1639. Bronck became the first recorded European settler in the present-day Bronx and built a farm named "Emmaus" close to what today is the corner of Willis Avenue and 132nd Street in Mott Haven . He leased land from the Dutch West India Company on the neck of
17892-517: Was a descendant of Pieter Bronck, either Jonas Bronck's son or his younger brother, but most probably a nephew or cousin, as there was an age difference of 16 years. Much work on the Swedish claim has been undertaken by Brian G. Andersson, former Commissioner of New York City's Department of Records, who helped organize a 375th Anniversary celebration in Bronck's hometown in 2014. The Bronx is referred to with
18034-416: Was a manufacturing center for many years and was noted as a center of piano manufacturing in the early part of the 20th century. In 1919, the Bronx was the site of 63 piano factories employing more than 5,000 workers. At the end of World War I , the Bronx hosted the rather small 1918 World's Fair at 177th Street and DeVoe Avenue. The Bronx underwent rapid urban growth after World War I. Extensions of
18176-411: Was also much debate as to whether rent control laws had made it less profitable (or more costly) for landlords to maintain existing buildings with their existing tenants than to abandon or destroy those buildings. In the 1970s, parts of the Bronx were plagued by a wave of arson. The burning of buildings was predominantly in the poorest communities, such as the South Bronx. One explanation of this event
18318-638: Was appointed the Global Ambassador for New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation (HHC). In April 2014, Dean was accepted into Harvard Business School 's Owner/President Management executive program. In October 2017, Dean shared a video on social media, celebrating the final days leading up to his graduation: "It's been a blessing coming from the Bronx, going to Harvard. A lot of people were saying why would you go to school? It's never too late to get your education, further your education." He continued by encouraging others to seek education as well. "Knowledge
18460-510: Was asked to mix the music. In June 2007, Swizz Beatz produced and was featured on his Full Surface artist Cassidy's comeback single, " My Drink n My 2 Step ", following a murder trial and a car accident. The song proved to be a hit, reaching the Top 40 of the US Billboard Hot 100 chart. On August 21, 2007, Dean released his solo debut studio album , One Man Band Man . The album, preceded by
18602-477: Was begun (financed by water and sewer revenues) as part of an agreement that allowed a water filtration plant under Mosholu Golf Course in Van Cortlandt Park. One major focus is on opening more of the Bronx River 's banks and restoring them to a natural state. The Bronx adjoins: There are two primary systems for dividing the Bronx into regions, which do not necessarily agree with one another. One system
18744-473: Was continued in the "Borough of The Bronx", created in 1898, which included a larger annexation from Westchester County in 1895. The use of the definite article is attributed to the style of referring to rivers. A time-worn story purportedly explaining the use of the definite article in the borough's name says it stems from the phrase "visiting the Broncks", referring to the settler's family. The capitalization of
18886-519: Was first introduced at SCOPE Art Show Miami Beach and has since become known as The Dean Collection, it includes work from emerging and well established artists including KAWS , Keith Haring , Cleon Peterson, Ernest Zacharevic and Erik Jones. Dean and Keys are co-chairs of the Gordon Parks Foundation, which permanently preserves the work of Gordon Parks , a pioneering photographer, filmmaker, musician and activist. The couple acquired what
19028-532: Was found for the first time outside of Asia , here, at the Bronx Zoo. Over the next 40 years it spread throughout eastern North America and killed back essentially every American Chestnut ( Castanea dentata ), causing ecological and economic devastation. Just south of Van Cortlandt Park is the Jerome Park Reservoir , surrounded by 2 miles (3 km) of stone walls and bordering several small parks in
19170-470: Was known to give lavish gifts or cash payments to his celebrity friends and Dean received an $ 800k payment to attend Low's lavish 31st birthday party. Dean is also credited with helping Low navigate both the art world, and the music industry in the U.S., where Low acquired a number of renowned paintings and a stake in EMI music publishing, which was ultimately recovered by the U.S. Department of Justice and estimated at
19312-550: Was not new, the Fairlight's design and built-in sequencer simplified the process. The Fairlight inspired competition, improving sampling technology and driving down prices. Early competitors included the E-mu Emulator and the Akai S950 . Drum machines such as the Oberheim DMX and Linn LM-1 incorporated samples of drum kits and percussion rather than generating sounds from circuits. Early samplers could store samples of only
19454-508: Was owed an estimated "six-to-seven-figure sum" based on streams. In 1989, the Turtles sued De La Soul for using an unlicensed sample on their album 3 Feet High and Rising . The Turtles singer Mark Volman told the Los Angeles Times : "Sampling is just a longer term for theft. Anybody who can honestly say sampling is some sort of creativity has never done anything creative." The case
19596-491: Was popularised in the 60s with the Mellotron . In 1969, the English engineer Peter Zinovieff developed the first digital sampler, the EMS Musys . The term sample was coined by Kim Ryrie and Peter Vogel to describe a feature of their Fairlight CMI synthesizer, launched in 1979. While developing the Fairlight, Vogel recorded around a second of piano performance from a radio broadcast and discovered that he could imitate
19738-421: Was released on October 25. Other Monster Monday tracks feature Rakim , Pusha T , DMX, Busta Rhymes, Pharrell and many more. Dean's second album in the works had been renamed on three occasions: initially, the album was renamed King Issues , and was later retitled The Perception of Greatness . After initially turning to fans to help decide on an album title, Dean eventually announced in August 2010, while in
19880-502: Was settled out of court and set a legal precedent that had a chilling effect on sampling in hip hop. In 1991, the songwriter Gilbert O'Sullivan sued the rapper Biz Markie after Markie sampled O'Sullivan's " Alone Again (Naturally) " on the album I Need a Haircut . In Grand Upright Music, Ltd. v. Warner Bros. Records Inc , the court ruled that sampling without permission infringed copyright. Instead of asking for royalties, O'Sullivan forced Markie's label Warner Bros . to recall
20022-512: Was simultaneously part of the Borough of Manhattan (not the Borough of the Bronx) and part of Bronx County (not New York County) and the matter was definitively settled later that year when the New York Legislature overwhelmingly passed legislation declaring the neighborhood part of both New York County and the Borough of Manhattan and made this clarification retroactive to 1938, as reflected on
20164-423: Was that landlords decided to burn their low property-value buildings and take the insurance money, as it was easier for them to get insurance money than to try to refurbish a dilapidated building or sell a building in a severely distressed area. The Bronx became identified with a high rate of poverty and unemployment, which was mainly a persistent problem in the South Bronx. There were cases where tenants set fire to
#803196