The Switching Control Center System was an operations support system developed by Bell Laboratories and deployed during the early 1970s. This computer system was first based on the PDP-11 product line from Digital Equipment Corporation and used the CB Unix operating system and custom application software and device drivers that were developed and maintained by Bell Labs in Columbus, Ohio USA. SCCS was ported to the AT&T 3B20 and 3B5 computers running UNIX System V Release 2 in the early 1980s.
11-453: Prior to the SCCS, many telephone company switching centers were staffed 24 hours a day 365 days a year. With SCCS, telephone companies could significantly reduce the number of technicians and dispatch them as required to resolve problems or perform routine maintenance operations. During the early 1970s, telephone companies began to phase out the older electromechanical switching systems such as
22-488: A mobile network operator is that it must own or control access to a radio spectrum license from a regulatory or government entity, and also that it must own or control the elements of the cellular network infrastructure necessary to provide services to subscribers over the licensed radio spectrum . In addition the operator would also contain other elements like the back haul infrastructure and provisioning computer systems. A mobile network operator typically also has
33-419: Is a kind of electronic communications service provider, more precisely a telecommunications service provider (TSP), that provides telecommunications services such as telephony and data communications access. Many traditional solely telephone companies now function as internet service providers (ISPs), and the distinction between a telephone company and ISP has tended to disappear completely over time, as
44-464: The Number 1 Crossbar , Number 5 Crossbar , and step-by-step circuit switching systems and replace them with newer electronic switching systems that were controlled by proprietary computers but still used analog switch fabrics such as Bell-proprietary ferreed switch devices. The SCCS system was phased out during the late 1990s and replaced by an OSS known as Network Monitoring and Analysis or NMA that
55-510: The Number 1 ESS , Number 2 ESS, Number 3 ESS, Number 5 ESS , and Traffic Service Position System ( TSPS ) network switches and provide analysis, reports, troubleshooting support, and other functions using newer faster DataSpeed-40 terminals. This system was documented in the Bell System Technical Journal and AT&T internal Bell System Practices during the 1970s. Telephone company A telecommunications company
66-588: The United States are also known as local exchange carriers . With the advent of mobile telephony , telecommunications companies now include wireless carriers , or mobile network operators and even satellite providers ( Iridium ). Over time software companies have also evolved to perform telephone services such as: Net2Phone , WhatsApp , and others. In 1913, the Kingsbury Commitment allowed more than 20,000 independent telecommunications companies in
77-558: The United States to use the long distance trunks of Bell Telephone Company . Wireless carrier A mobile network operator (MNO), also known as a mobile network provider , mobile network carrier , mobile telco , wireless service provider , wireless carrier , wireless operator , wireless telco , or cellular company , is a telecommunications provider of services that sells, delivers and maintains mobile telephony services to an end user. A key defining characteristic of
88-412: The current trend for supplier convergence in the industry develops. Additionally, with advances in technology development, other traditional separate industries such as cable television, Voice-over IP (VoIP) , and satellite providers offer similar competing features as the telephone companies to both residential and businesses leading to further evolution of corporate identity have taken shape. Due to
99-675: The nature of capital expenditure involved in the past, most telecommunications companies were government owned agencies or privately-owned monopolies operated in most countries under close state-regulations. But today there are many private players in most regions of the world, and even most of the government owned companies have been opened up to competition in-line with World Trade Organization (WTO) policy agenda. Historically these government agencies were often referred to, primarily in Europe, as PTTs ( postal, telegraph and telephone services ). Telecommunications companies are common carriers , and in
110-404: The necessary provisioning, billing, and customer care computer systems, and the marketing, customer care, and engineering organizations needed to sell, deliver, and bill for services. However, a mobile network operator can outsource any of these systems or functions and still be considered a mobile network operator. In addition to obtaining revenue by offering retail services under its own brand,
121-459: Was developed by Bell Communications Research now Telcordia Technologies. AT&T developed additional products based on SCCS software, such as Compulert. The primary purpose of the SCCS system was to provide operations , administration , maintenance , and provisioning ( OAMP ) functions for telephone company network operations staff. The SCCS accepted as input the slow 110 baud Teletype messages from circuit switching systems such as
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