91-529: Sursagar Lake , also known as the Chand Talao, is a lake situated in the middle of the city of Vadodara in the state of Gujarat in India . The lake was rebuilt with stone masonry in the 18th century. The water in this lake remains in it for the whole year. A concrete wall surrounds the lake on which the people use to sit. A 111 feet (34 m) tall statue of lord Shiva built by Vadodara Mahanagar Seva Sadan stands in
182-536: A tirtha on the river Banasa, who gave to the Devas and Brahmanas sixteen villages, who at the pure tirtha Prabhasa gave eight wives to the Brahmanas, and who also fed annually a hundred thousand Brahmanas- there has been given the village of Karajika for the support of the ascetics living in the caves at Valuraka without any distinction of sect or origin, for all who would keep the varsha . The Western Satraps are known for
273-622: A capital, a representation of a pillar of Ashoka . Nahapana succeeded him, and became a very powerful ruler. He occupied portions of the Satavahana Empire in western and central India. Nahapana held sway over Malwa , Southern Gujarat , and Northern Konkan , from Bharuch to Sopara and the Nasik and Poona districts. At that time, the area northwest of the Western Satraps in Baluchistan
364-555: A commissioner. The Vadodara police force is responsible for the protection and safety of Vadodara citizens. Shamsher Singh, a previous serving as the Additional Director General of Police (State Crime Record Bureau cum Computer Centre), Gandhinagar, is the current Police commissioner of the Vadodara. He formally took charge on 1 January 2021. Vadodara is home to notable museums like: Three civic service departments are under
455-420: A humid climate from mid-June to mid-September. The average rainfall is 85 cm (33 in), but infrequent, torrential rains cause the river to flood like the 2005 Gujarat flood or the 2008 Indian floods , which were catastrophic. The highest recorded temperature was 46.7 °C (116.1 °F) on 11 May 1960 crossed with 48.0 °C (118.4 °F) on 19 May 2016, while the lowest recorded temperature
546-583: A large territory stretching from Kadi in the north to Bharuch in the south, and from Khambhat in the west to the hill country in the east. In 1345, Muhammad bin Tughluq led an army to Gujarat to put down the rebellion and, after initially camping at Pandu Mewas , defeated them in battle at Bharuch. Muzaffar Shah I , founder of the Gujarat Sultanate , appointed his son Firuz Khan as governor of Vadodara at some point. After Muzaffar Shah's death in 1411, he
637-850: A literacy rate of 90.48%. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes made up 6.63% and 4.07% of the population, respectively. Hinduism was the main religion, practiced by 85.39% of the population. Islam was the second-largest religion (11.20%). Jains were 2.02%, Christians 0.82%, and Sikhs 0.45%. Languages of Vadodara (2011) At the time of the 2011 census, 71.37% of the population spoke Gujarati , 14.83% Hindi , 7.60% Marathi and 1.91% Sindhi as their first language. In Vadodara, various large-scale industries such as Gujarat Refinery of Indian Oil Corporation , Gujarat State Fertilizers & Chemicals , Vadodara Manufacturing Division) (formerly IPCL ) of Reliance Industries Limited , Deepak Nitrite , Parikh Industries, Linde Engineering India, and Gujarat Alkalies and Chemicals Limited have come up in
728-556: A population of 3.5 million, according to the 2010–11 census. The city sits on the banks of the Vishwamitri River , in central Gujarat. The Vishwamitri frequently dries up in the summer, leaving only a small stream of water. The city is located on the fertile plain between the Mahi and Narmada Rivers . According to the Bureau of Indian Standards, the cosmopolis falls under seismic zone-III , on
819-657: A rail-coach manufacturing plant in Savli along with other manufacturing companies such as Alstom , Siemens , and Voltas . This plant manufactures coaches for Delhi Metro and the New Generation Rollingstock for Brisbane, Australia . The plant is also manufacturing trainsets for Delhi - Meerut RRTS . Beside this Vadodara holds a key position in Gujarat's pharmaceutical industry, as many small and big pharma companies are located in Vadodara. Tata Advanced Systems Limited ,
910-433: A scale of I to V (in order of increasing proneness to earthquakes). Vadodara features a borderline tropical savanna climate ( Köppen Aw ) that despite the roughly 950 mm or 37 in of rain that the city receives annually is due to the area's high potential evapotranspiration very close to being classified as a hot semi-arid climate ( BSh ). There are three main seasons: summer, monsoon and winter. Aside from
1001-517: A scribe named Vosari whose father was a pandit named Kesava who came from Vadodara. During this period, merchants from Vadodara contributed to the temples at the Chaulukya capital of Patan . At some point, the minister Tejpal , returning from a victory at Godhra , stopped at Vadodara for several days and renovated the local shrine of Parshvanatha . Around 1264, shrines to Mahavira and Adishvara were built at Vadodara by one Pethad Shah. Under
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#17328699793191092-399: A subdepartment for managing birth, death, and marriage registrations. The support department handles all IT and administration-related issues and services, with cells such as IT, accounts audit, census, PRO, election, real estate (acquisition), shops and establishment, assessment, and UCD-NULM departments. The two main institutions involved in planning and development in Vadodara are VMSS and
1183-626: A subsidiary of Tata Group and Airbus joint venture, has set up a C-295 transport aircraft manufacturing facility at Vadodara as part of a Rs 22,000 crore deal to supply 56 such aircraft. The C-295 will replace the Avro aircraft in service with the Indian Air Force . This project will make Vadodara a defense manufacturing hub. The first "Made in India" aircraft is expected in September 2026. The revenue for
1274-608: A total of 76 councilors elected for this VMC term where every councilor is appointed in various committees for a period of one year. The VMC has twelve executive committees apart from the standing committee, which look after the specialized functions of VMC. These committees include public works committee, water work committee, drainage and sewerage committee, health committee, town planning committee, estate management committee, recreation and culture committee, electric committee, and legal committee. Each committee consists of 12 councilors each. The formulation of an additional ward committee
1365-594: Is a profit when exchanged for the money of the country; and ointment, but not very costly and not much. And for the King there are brought into those places very costly vessels of silver, singing boys, beautiful maidens for the harem, fine wines, thin clothing of the finest weaves, and the choicest ointments. There are exported from these places spikenard , costus , bdellium , ivory , agate and carnelian , lycium , cotton cloth of all kinds, silk cloth, mallow cloth, yarn, long pepper and such other things as are brought here from
1456-465: Is called Syrastrene . It is a fertile country, yielding wheat and rice and sesame oil and clarified butter, cotton and the Indian cloths made therefrom, of the coarser sorts. Very many cattle are pastured there, and the men are of great stature and black in color. The metropolis of this country is Minnagara , from which much cotton cloth is brought down to Barygaza. Under the Western Satraps, Barigaza
1547-590: Is derived from the Bombay Act No. LIX of 1949 is another legislation which most municipal corporation, including Vadodara in Gujarat function under. The highest body of power in the municipal corporation is the General Board, which is composed of elected members from each ward within the VMC. There are 19 wards under the VMC, each of which consists 4 seats of councilor which has a 50% reservation of seats for women. There are
1638-560: Is described as a King. Nahapana is mentioned in the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea under the name Nambanus , as ruler of the area around Barigaza : Beyond the gulf of Baraca is that of Barygaza and the coast of the country of Ariaca , which is the beginning of the Kingdom of Nambanus and of all India. That part of it lying inland and adjoining Scythia is called Abiria , but the coast
1729-402: Is evidence is Abhiraka , whose rare coins are known. He was succeeded by Bhumaka , father of Nahapana , who only used on his coins the title of Satrap, and not that of Raja or Raño (king). Nahapana's rule is variously dated to 24-70 CE, 66-71 CE, or 119–124 CE, according to one of his coins, which bear Buddhist symbols, such as the eight-spoked wheel ( dharmachakra ), or the lion seated on
1820-436: Is home to many big pharmaceutical companies, and is a major hub of pharmaceutical industries in Gujarat. Located in Vadodara are over 35% of India's power-transmission and distribution equipment manufacturers and an estimated 800 ancillaries supporting the big players in power sector equipment manufacturing and engineering industry. Larsen & Tourbo (L&T) has established "Knowledge City" in Vadodara. This Knowledge City
1911-510: Is lit with lights on Mahashivratri . There are many underwater gates in the lake which empty the lake if it overflows. The water from the lake empties in the Vishvamitri River. The lake was used for boating. In 2023 after the remodeling of the statue and the surroundings boating has been resumed in the lake. The lake is known for a large number of suicides which occur yearly. Between January and October 2014, 15 suicides were reported to
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#17328699793192002-505: Is often attributed to Castana himself, and suggests Castana may have been a feudatory of the Kushans. Conversely, the Rabatak inscription also claims Kushan dominion over Western Satrap territory (by mentioning Kushan control over the capital Ujjain ) during the reign of Kanishka ( c. 127 –150 CE). The territory of the Western Satraps at the time of Chastana is described extensively by
2093-639: Is prominent for landmarks such as the Laxmi Vilas Palace , which served as the residence of the Maratha royal Gaekwad dynasty that ruled over Baroda State . It is also the home of the Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda . The city once was called Chandanavati after the rule of Raja Chandan of the Dodiya Rajputis. The capital was also known as Virakshetra (Land of Warriors). Later, it
2184-497: Is recommended by the Gujarat Provincial Municipal Corporation Act of 1949 for a city exceeding the population of three lakhs - which is above the current population of Vadodara. Three corporators are elected from each ward, who in turn elect a mayor. Executive powers are vested in the municipal commissioner, who is an IAS officer appointed by the Gujarat state government. The mayor is responsible for
2275-678: Is spacious with 16 rooms. Two inscriptions in Cave 10 mention the building and the gift of the whole cave to the Samgha by Ushavadata , the Saka son-in-law and viceroy of Nahapana: Success! Ushavadata , son of Dinika, son-in-law of king Nahapana, the Kshaharata Kshatrapa, (...) inspired by (true) religion, in the Trirasmi hills at Govardhana , has caused this cave to be made and these cisterns. Success! In
2366-460: Is the hub of several key businesses of the L&;T Group. The power business, mid- and downstream Hydrocarbon, L&T Technology Services, and the engineering joint venture L&T-Sargent & Lundy operate out of the facility. It also houses manufacturing facilities for switchgear, air circuit breakers, and moulded-case circuit breakers. Bombardier Transportation , a Canadian company, has established
2457-405: Is the state appointed Gujarat Agro Industries Corporation (GAIC) chief and Manisha Vakil is BJP's Vadodara City Assembly Constituency MLA. The Vadodara City Police are responsible for law enforcement and public safety in Vadodara, Gujarat. The Vadodara City Police is headed by a Police Commissioner , an IPS officer. They are a subdivision of the state police force of Gujarat and are headed by
2548-516: The Anupa country, Anarta , Surashtra , Svabhra (northern Gujarat ), Maru ( Marwar ), Kachchha ( Cutch ), Sindhu - Sauvira ( Sindh and Multan districts), Kukura (Eastern Rajputana ), Aparanta ("Western Border" – Northern Konkan ), Nishada (an aboriginal tribe, Malwa and parts of Central India ) and other territories gained by his own valour, the towns, marts and rural parts of which are never troubled by robbers, snakes, wild beasts, diseases and
2639-729: The BJP during the legislative elections in 2017. In the 2021 VMSS/VMC elections, the BJP won 69 seats, seven seats went to the Congress. According to the 2011 census, the total Urban Agglomeration (UA) population of Vadodara is 35,17,191. This is governed by the Vadodara Municipal Corporation which was founded in 1951. It was initially called the Baroda Municipal Corporation but later changed to Vadodara Municipal Corporation after
2730-512: The Delhi Sultanate , Vadodara was home to a group of Afghan amirs known collectively as the Amir-i Sadgan , or "the nobles of the hundred", because each one commanded a force of 100 cavalry. In 1344, during the reign of Muhammad bin Tughluq , they revolted. Led by one Qazi Jalal, they defeated Muqbil, the sultan's main deputy in Gujarat, in a decisive battle near Dabhoi. They went on to occupy
2821-660: The Manmodi Caves at Junnar . At the same time, " Yavanas ", Greeks or Indo-Greeks , also left donative inscriptions at the Nasik Caves, Karla Caves, Lenyadri and Manmodi Caves . In particular, the chaitya cave complex of the Karla Caves, the largest in South Asia , was constructed and dedicated in 120 CE by the Western Satraps ruler Nahapana. Parts of the Nasik Caves, also called Pandavleni Caves, were also carved during
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2912-697: The Satavahana who ruled in Central India. They are called "Western Satraps" in modern historiography in order to differentiate them from the " Northern Satraps ", who ruled in Punjab and Mathura until the 2nd century CE. The power of the Western Satraps started to decline in the 2nd century CE after the Saka rulers were defeated by the Emperor Gautamiputra Satakarni of the Satavahana dynasty . After this,
3003-831: The Thana district). A dedication in the Lenyadri complex of the Junnar caves (inscription No. 26 in Cave VI of the Bhimasankar group of caves), mentions a gift by Nahapana's prime minister Ayama in the "year 46": The meritorious gift.... of Ayama of the Vachhasagotra, prime minister of the King Mahakshatrapa the lord Nahapana This inscription, the last one of the reign of Nahapana, suggests that Nahapana may have become an independent ruler since he
3094-564: The (Indus) river mouth is Patalena , above which is Abiria . That which is about the mouth of the Indus and the Canthicolpus bay is called Syrastrena . (...) In the island formed by this river are the cities Pantala, Barbaria . (...) The Larica region of Indoscythia is located eastward from the swamp near the sea, in which on the west of the Namadus river is the interior city of Barygaza emporium. On
3185-572: The 6th century, the town's inhabitants shifted away from the river to a new site near Akota's modern centre. At Kothi, which also now forms part of Vadodara, evidence of habitation also first emerges during this period. An early mention of Vadodara itself is in an 812 copper-plate grant of the Rashtrakuta dynasty . It records Karka Suvarṇavasha, second ruler of the Lata branch of the Rashtrakutas , giving
3276-401: The Chaulukya king Jayasimha Siddharaja . At some point, Santūka organised a rathayatra , or chariot procession, at Vaṭapadraka . Several other manuscripts from Vadodara are known from this period, including a Prakrit work composed by Chandraprabhasuri in 1128 along with two copies of Jain works made in 1156 and 1168 respectively. Another manuscript, although copied at Dabhoi , was written by
3367-506: The Indian Ocean: Ships are also customarily fitted out from the places across this sea, from Ariaca and Barygaza, bringing to these far-side market-towns the products of their own places; wheat, rice, clarified butter, sesame oil, cotton cloth (the monache and the sagmatogene), and girdles, and honey from the reed called sacchari. Some make the voyage especially to these market-towns, and others exchange their cargoes while sailing along
3458-652: The Saka kingdom revived, but was ultimately defeated by Chandragupta II of the Gupta Empire in the 4th century CE. They are named Western Satraps in contrast to the " Northern Satraps " who ruled around East Punjab and the area of Mathura , such as Rajuvula , and his successors under the Kushans, the "Great Satrap" Kharapallana and the "Satrap" Vanaspara. Although they called themselves "Satraps" on their coins, leading to their modern designation of "Western Satraps", Ptolemy in his 2nd century " Geographia " still called them "Indo-Scythians". The word Kṣatrapa has
3549-521: The Satavahana king Vashishtiputra Satakarni . The inscription relating the marriage between Rudradaman's daughter and Vashishtiputra Satakarni appears in a cave at Kanheri : Of the queen ... of the illustrious Satakarni Vasishthiputra , descended from the race of Karddamaka kings, (and) daughter of the Mahakshatrapa Ru(dra)....... .........of the confidential minister Sateraka, a water-cistern,
3640-480: The Vadodara Urban Development Authority (VUDA). The responsibilities of both these agencies are demarcated clearly not only physically but also functionally. The governing acts for both institutions differ. The principal responsibility of VUDA is to ensure a holistic development of the Vadodara agglomeration covering an area of 714.56 km (275.89 sq mi), whereas VMSS is involved in
3731-563: The Western Satraps styled themselves is a derivation of a Saka language term * xšaθrapati , meaning "lord of the country", and was likely the Saka synonym for the Indian title Kṣatrapa , which had itself been borrowed from the Iranian Median language . The Sakas of Western India spoke the Saka language, also known as Khotanese as it is first attested in the Tarim Basin . The Western Satraps are thought to have started with
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3822-638: The administrative headquarters of the Vadodara district and is situated on the banks of the Vishwamitri River , 141 km (88 mi) from the state capital of Gandhinagar . The railway line and National Highway 8 , which connect Delhi with Mumbai , pass through Vadodara. The city is named for its abundance of banyan ( vad ) trees. Vadodara is also locally referred to as the Sanskrutik Nagari ( transl. 'Cultural City' ) and Kala Nagari ( transl. 'City of Art' ) of India. The city
3913-528: The affairs of taluka and other state government offices and the mamlatdar or taluka offices. The overall district administration has four departments: city survey, district supply office, district planning office, and district election office. The City elects one member to the Lok Sabha (parliament) and five to the Gujarat Vidhan Sabha (Assembly). All of the five assembly seats of Vadodara were won by
4004-492: The area. Initially, major industrial development happened on the city's north side; the east side also saw plenty of development because of its location near the old city core. The south and west were relatively less populated in comparison. Western Satraps The Western Satraps , or Western Kshatrapas ( Brahmi : [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] , Mahakṣatrapa , "Great Satraps ") were Indo-Scythian ( Saka ) rulers of
4095-457: The authorities, who attribute the lake's isolation and seclusion make it a choice destination for suicides. This article about a location in Vadodara district , Gujarat , India is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Vadodara Vadodara ( Gujarati: [ʋəˈɽodɾɑ] ) formerly, Baroda , is a major city in the Indian state of Gujarat . It serves as
4186-421: The basis for the modern city of Vadodara. A later atlas by John Ogilby refers to people moving from the old town to the new one. After Akbar conquered Gujarat in 1573, he gave Vadodara to one Nawab Aurang Khan . There was an administrative reform under Akbar's reign, and Raja Todar Mal conducted a land survey of parts of Gujarat. Vadodara, however, does not seem to have been included in this survey. In
4277-423: The city is generated through taxes, service provision, and state government assistance. The taxes include general taxes, conservancy taxes, and water taxes, whereas the nontax or service revenue can include water charges, rent from municipal properties, public service charges, etc. The VMC budget for the year 2020–2021 against the proposed budget of Rs 3,554 crore last year, stood at Rs 3,770 crore this year. Since
4368-413: The city's name was changed in the year 1974. The Bombay Municipal Corporation Act of 1951 was setup as the main legislation for the administration and governance of the Vadodara Municipal Corporation. The city limits of Vadodara have expanded since: an area of 148 km (57 sq mi) was added in the year 2002, followed by 15 to 20 km (5.8 to 7.7 sq mi) of additional expansion to
4459-543: The coast. An Indian statuette, the Pompeii Lakshmi , was found in the ruins of Pompei and is thought to have been the result of Indo-Roman trade relations in the 1st century CE. There is a possibility that the statuette found its way to the west during the rule of Western Satrap Nahapana in the Bhokardan area, and was shipped to Rome from the port of Barigaza . Nahapana and Ushavadata were ultimately defeated by
4550-575: The construction and dedication of numerous Buddhist caves in Central India, particularly in Maharashtra and Gujarat . It is thought that Nahapana ruled at least 35 years in the region of Karla , Junnar and Nasik , giving him ample time for construction work there. Numerous inscriptions in the caves are known, which were made by the family of Nahapana: six inscriptions in Nasik Caves , one inscription at Karla Caves , and one by Nahapana's minister in
4641-522: The day-to-day running of the city services, municipal school board, the city bus service, the municipal hospital and the city library. The last municipal corporation election for Vadodara took place in the year 2015 where Bhartiya Janta Party won in the majority with 57 out of the total 76 seats, followed by the Indian National Congress (INC) with 14 seats. There are six sitting MLAs who have VMC under their jurisdiction and are currently part of
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#17328699793194732-486: The development of area of 235 km (91 sq mi). Vadodara's population grew the fastest during the decade between 1961 and 1971. The Vadodara Municipal Corporation drew up the first official urban plan for the city's growth in 1970, the Vadodara Development Plan. The VUDA was formed in 1980. The second Development Plan, developed in 1984, included decentralising the city's infrastructure. During
4823-423: The discovery of oil and natural gas in the area, Vadodara has become the site of various petrochemical industries. These are concentrated in the peri-urban areas to the northwest and south of the city proper. In 1963, construction began on Gujarat Refinery outside of Vadodara, on a 1800-acre tract surrounded by the villages of Koyali , Ranoli , Karachia , and Dhanora . Jawaharlal Nehru ceremonially laid
4914-463: The earlier province of Aṅkoṭṭaka. The Akota bronzes continue until the 11th century but cease thereafter. The main centre of Jainism in the area shifted to Vadodara. By this period, Vadodara is referred to as a pura , or city, rather than just a village. A manuscript of the Panchavastuka written at Vadodara in 1123 indicates that the province of Lāṭa was then governed by Santūka , a minister of
5005-634: The early Western Satraps have been found here, along with artifacts possibly of Greco-Roman origin. A Gupta -era coin has also been found here. Akota flourished under the Maitraka dynasty , although it experienced periodic severe flooding. A huge hoard of Jain bronzes, largely dating from this period, was found at Akota's old site, indicating that the city was a centre of Jainism . The bronzes include images of various tirthankaras as well as an elephant-shaped incense burner. Many of them have inscriptions that have been used to indicate when they were made. In
5096-465: The east side of the river (...) Ozena -Regia Tiastani (...) Minnagara . Around 130 CE, Rudradaman I , grandson of Chastana , took the title "Mahakshatrapa" ("Great Satrap"), and defended his kingdom from the Satavahanas . The conflict between Rudradaman and Satavahanas became so gruelling, that in order to contain the conflict, a matrimonial relationship was concluded by giving Rudradaman's daughter to
5187-511: The first plant of their kind in Gujarat. In March 1979, IPCL also formally commissioned a major petrochemical complex at Vadodara that included an aromatics plant (producing dimethyl terephthalate and two types of xylene ), an oil refinery, and seven other downstream facilities. The 7 downstream facilities were: 1. acrylonitrile , 2. synthetic rubber , 3. low-density polyethylene, 4. polypropylene , 5. ethylene glycol , 6. detergent alkylate , and 7. acrylic fibre . There were also plans in
5278-483: The foundation. The refinery's first trial production was in October 1965. As of 1973 it was producing 4.3 million tonnes of various products per year and it employed some 1,450 people. It was the third public-sector refinery to be built in India. Among the refinery's products as of 1979 were gasoline , diesel fuel , kerosene , jet fuel , and various industrial materials such as benzene , toluene , and naphtha . Crude
5369-455: The geographer Ptolemy in his "Geographia", where he qualifies them as "Indo-Scythians". He describes this territory as starting from Patalene in the West, to Ujjain in the east ("Ozena-Regia Tiastani", "Ozene/Ujjain, capital of king Chastana "), and beyond Barigaza in the south. Moreover the region which is next to the western part of India, is called Indoscythia. A part of this region around
5460-480: The late 1600s, Gujarat was increasingly attacked by Maratha and Koli raids. One raid, by the Kolis, hit Vadodara in 1705; they looted the city for two days. Vadodara is located at 22°18′N 73°11′E / 22.30°N 73.19°E / 22.30; 73.19 in western India at an elevation of 128 ft (39 m). It is the 10th-largest city in India with an area of 400 km (150 sq mi) and
5551-458: The meritorious gift. The Satavahanas and the Western Satraps remained at war however, and Rudradaman I defeated the Satavahanas twice in these conflicts, only sparing the life of Vashishtiputra Satakarni due to their family alliance: Rudradaman (...) who obtained good report because he, in spite of having twice in fair fight completely defeated Satakarni, the lord of Dakshinapatha , on account of
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#17328699793195642-466: The mid-late 70s early 80s, development on the city's outskirts focused on building cheap, low-income housing for industrial workers. By the 1990s, the focus had shifted to mixed-density, "self-sustainable settlements" in peri-urban areas, especially on the west and southwest sides of town. Farmland was purchased from nearby villages to provide space for these new developments, which caused a large drop in cultivated acreage and overall agricultural produce in
5733-458: The middle of the lake. The construction of the statue started in 1996 and it was completed in 2002. In 2023 on the festival Mahashivratri the statue of Lord Shiva was gilded . The gilding utilized about 17.5 kg (39 lb) of gold. The gold plated statue of Lord Shiva has now been officially dedicated to the city and its people. The value of gold itself is about 12 Crore Indian Rupees ($ 1,449,879.60 as of February 2023) The statue of Shiva
5824-464: The monsoon season, the climate is dry. The weather is hot during March to July, when the average maximum is 39 °C or 102.2 °F, and the average minimum is 24 °C or 75.2 °F. From November to February, the average maximum temperature is 30 °C or 86 °F, the average minimum is 15 °C or 59 °F, and the climate is extremely dry. Cold northerly winds are responsible for mildly chilly days in January. The southwest monsoon brings
5915-717: The municipal corporation - the engineering department, the health department, and the support or administration department. These departments together provide services, infrastructure, and management for the entire city. The engineering department manages infrastructure and services provided through cells or subdepartments such as bridge cell, drainage project, town development, streetlight, electrical sewerage, mechanical sewerage, building project, solid-waste management, road, storm-water drainage, water work, land, and estate. The health department takes care of public health-related issues and services through its solid-waste management, health, and ICDS subdepartments. The health department also has
6006-412: The nearness of their connection did not destroy him. Rudradaman regained all the previous territories held by Nahapana, probably with the exception of the southern areas of Poona and Nasik (epigraphical remains in these two areas at that time are exclusively Satavahana): Rudradaman (...) who is the lord of the whole of eastern and western Akaravanti ( Akara : East Malwa and Avanti : West Malwa ),
6097-481: The north of the city in 2006. The villages Sayajipura, Bapod, Kapurai, Khatamba, Tarsal Kalali, Gorva, Chhani and Vemali were added to the VMC boundaries in 2017 and the latest expansion notice has been given to the seven villages of Sevasi, Bhayli, Vemali, Bil, Karodiya, Undera and Vadadala in the year 2020. The Bombay Provincial Municipal Corporations Act, 1949 governs the Vadodara Municipal Corporation. The Gujarat Provincial Municipal Corporations Act of 1949 which
6188-497: The official name of the city was changed to Vadodara. At Akota , now a suburb of Vadodara, excavations have found rich microlith deposits, providing early evidence of habitation in the area. These prehistoric people took part in hunting and fishing and lived no later than 1000 BCE. By the first centuries CE, Akota was the site of a commercial town with far-reaching trade links. Known in antiquity as Aṅkoṭṭaka , it had well-built houses made from burnt bricks. Two re-struck coins of
6279-459: The powerful Satavahana king Gautamiputra Satakarni . Gautamiputra drove the Sakas from Malwa and Western Maharashtra, forcing Nahapana west to Gujarat. His victory is known from the fact that Gautamiputra restruck many of Nahapana's coins (such a hoard was found in Jogalthambi, Nashik District), ) and that he claimed victory on them in an inscription at Cave No. 3 of the Pandavleni Caves in Nashik : Gautamiputra Satakarni (…) who crushed down
6370-421: The pride and conceit of the Kshatriyas ; who destroyed the Sakas (Western Satraps), Yavanas ( Indo-Greeks ) and Pahlavas ( Indo-Parthians ), who rooted out the Khakharata family (the Kshaharata family of Nahapana); who restored the glory of the Satavahana race. It seems that the Indian colonization of the islands of Java and Sumatra took place during the time of the Western Satraps. People may have fled
6461-481: The rainy season by the Malayas, and those Malayas fled at the mere roar (of my approaching) as it were, and were all made prisoners of the Uttamabhadra warriors. An important inscription related to Nahapana in the Great Chaitya at Karla Caves shows his support of Buddhism and Hinduism: Success!! By Ushabadata , the son of Dinaka and the son-in-law of the king, the Kshaharata, the Kshatrapa Nahapana , who gave three hundred thousand cows, who made gifts of gold and
6552-541: The rather short-lived Kshaharata dynasty (also called Chaharada , Khaharata or Khakharata depending on sources). The term Kshaharata is also known from the 6 CE Taxila copper plate inscription, in which it qualifies the Indo-Scythian ruler Liaka Kusulaka . The Nasik inscription of the 19th year of Sri Pulamavi also mentions the Khakharatavasa , or Kshaharata race. The earliest Kshaharata for whom there
6643-541: The same origin as the word satrap and are both descended from Median xšaθrapāvan- , which means viceroy or governor of a province, and according to John Marshall, the word kṣatrapa means the viceroy of the "King of kings". The title of the Mahakṣatrapa or the "Great Satrap" was given to the ruling Satrap, and the title of kṣatrapa was given to the heir apparent. The western Kshatrapas were also known as Sakas to Indians. The title Kṣaharāta by which
6734-728: The silver coinage of the Kshatrapas. Circa 120 CE, the Western Satraps are known to have allied with the Uttamabhadras in order to repulse an attack by the Malavas , whom they finally crushed. The claim appears in an inscription at the Nashik Caves , made by the Nahapana 's viceroy Ushavadata : ...And by order of the lord I went to release the chief of the Uttamabhadras, who had been besieged for
6825-671: The state ministry. Rajendrabhai Trivedi is the BJP MLA and incumbent 14th Speaker of Gujarat Legislative Assembly, who was unanimously elected on 9 February 2018. Jitendra Sukhadia is the Minister of Tourism, Non-resident Gujarati division as well as the Food, Civil Supplies, and Consumer Affairs. Saurabhbhai Patel is the incumbent Energy Minister of Gujarat while Yogeshbhai Patel heads the Ministry of State for Narmada Development. The MLA Madhubhai Shrivastav
6916-550: The sub-continent due to the conflicts there. Some foundation legends of Java describe the leader of the colonists as Aji Saka , a prince from Gujarat , at the beginning of the Shaka era (which is also the Java era). A new dynasty, called the Bhadramukhas or Kardamaka dynasty, was established by the "Satrap" Castana . The date of Castana is not certain, but many believe his reign started in
7007-494: The time of Nahapana. The inscriptions of cave no.10 in the Nasik Caves near Nasik , reveal that in 105-106 CE, Kshatrapas defeated the Satavahanas after which Kshatrapa Nahapana ’s son-in-law and Dinika's son- Ushavadata donated 3000 gold coins for this cave as well as for the food and clothing of the monks. Usabhdatta's wife (Nahapana's daughter), Dakshmitra also donated one cave for the Buddhist monks. Cave 10 - 'Nahapana Vihara'
7098-679: The various market-towns. Those bound for this market-town from Egypt make the voyage favorably about the month of July, that is Epiphi. Goods were also brought down in quantity from Ujjain , the capital of the Western Satraps: Inland from this place and to the east, is the city called Ozene, formerly a royal capital; from this place are brought down all things needed for the welfare of the country about Barygaza, and many things for our trade: agate and carnelian, Indian muslins and mallow cloth, and much ordinary cloth. Some ships were also fitted out from Barigaza, to export goods westward across
7189-503: The vicinity of Gujarat Refinery . Other large-scale public-sector units are Heavy Water Project, Gujarat Industries Power Company Limited (GIPCL) , Oil and Natural Gas Corporation and Gas Authority of India Limited . Vadodara is also a manufacturing hub of power equipment, rail coaches, and defense aircraft, and several IT sector companies in Vadodara are rapidly growing. Vadodara is also a hub of pharmaceutical industries; many pharmaceutical companies are located within and nearby. Vadodara
7280-537: The village of Vaḍapadraka , in the province of Aṅkoṭṭaka and identified with present-day Vadodara, to a Brahmin from Valabhi . Meanwhile, Akota continued to flourish during this period. By the 11th century, under the Chaulukya dynasty , Vadodara appears to have gained in importance. A plate dated to 1077 mentions a battle on the bank of the Vishvamitri river in the vishaya of Vaṭapadraka , which had evidently replaced
7371-468: The western and central parts of India (extending from Saurashtra in the south and Malwa in the east, covering modern-day Sindh , Gujarat , Maharashtra , Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh states), between 35 and 415 CE. The Western Satraps were contemporaneous with the Kushans who ruled the northern part of the Indian subcontinent, and were possibly vassals of the Kushans. They were also contemporaneous with
7462-406: The works for a polyester yarn plant as part of the complex with a capacity of 3,500 to 7,000 tonnes per year. The Vadodara city's municipal corporation or Maha Nagar Palika is a part of the Vadodara district. The district is set up in three distinct levels of administration, which are the collectorate - the district falls under the jurisdiction of a collector; the prant offices which take care of
7553-504: The year 42, in the month Vesakha, Ushavadata , son of Dinika, son-in-law of king Nahapana, the Kshaharata Kshatrapa, has bestowed this cave on the Samgha generally.... According to the inscriptions, Ushavadata accomplished various charities and conquests on behalf of his father-in-law. He constructed rest-houses, gardens and tanks at Bharukachchha ( Broach ), Dashapura ( Mandasor in Malwa ), Govardhana (near Nasik ) and Shorparaga ( Sopara in
7644-510: The year 78 CE, thus making him the founder of the Saka era . This is consistent with the fact that his descendants (who we know used the Saka era on their coins and inscriptions) would use the date of their founder as their era. Castana was satrap of Ujjain during that period. A statue found in Mathura together with statues of the Kushan king Kanishka and Vima Taktu , and bearing the name "Shastana"
7735-506: Was forgiven and given Navsari as a jagir , thus giving up his position as governor of Vadodara. In 1451, Vadodara was sacked by troops under Mahmud Khalji , ruler of the Malwa Sultanate . Later, during the reign of Mahmud Begada , a major re-foundation of Vadodara took place. A new city called Daulatabad was built, close to the old site. The Muslim name evidently did not stick, but the city itself did, and this new foundation became
7826-484: Was known as Vadpatraka or Vadodará, and according to tradition, is a corrupt form of the Sanskrit word vatodara , meaning "in the belly of the banyan tree". It is, as of 2009, almost impossible to ascertain when the various changes in the name were made; early English travelers and merchants of the 15th century mention the town as Baroda, and it is from this, that the name Baroda is derived; in 1974 (well after independence),
7917-446: Was one of the main centers of Roman trade with India . The Periplus describes the many goods exchanged: There are imported into this market-town (Barigaza), wine, Italian preferred, also Laodicean and Arabian ; copper , tin , and lead ; coral and topaz ; thin clothing and inferior sorts of all kinds; bright-colored girdles a cubit wide; storax, sweet clover, flint glass, realgar , antimony , gold and silver coin, on which there
8008-656: Was piped in from Ankleshwar and from northern Gujarat (around Kalol and Vadagam ), and condensate was also supplied from the Khambhat gas fields. In early 1978, two new petrochemical plants began operation in Vadodara: a naphtha cracking plant in March and a low-density polyethylene plant with an 80,000-tonne capacity in April. Both were operated by Indian Petrochemicals Corporation Limited (now part of Reliance Industries) and both were also
8099-575: Was ruled by the Paratarajas , an Indo-Parthian polity, while the Kushans were expanding their empire in the North. His son-in-law, the Saka Ushavadata (married to his daughter Dakshamitra), is known from inscriptions in Nasik and Karle and Junnar ( Manmodi Caves , inscription of the year 46) to have been viceroy of Nahapana, ruling over the southern part of his territory. Nahapana established
8190-572: Was succeeded by his grandson Ahmad Shah I (Firuz's nephew). Firuz immediately laid claim to the throne. Because the sultanate's central authority in central and southern Gujarat was weak at this point, Firuz had little trouble assembling an army at Vadodara. He then marched to Nadiad and then to Bharuch, which he seized by force. Ultimately, the rebellion dissipated without a pitched battle: internal tensions had already arisen among Firuz Khan's main allies, and when Ahmad Shah offered them amnesty in return for standing down, they readily complied. Firuz Khan
8281-416: Was −1.1 °C (30.0 °F) on 15 January 1935. Vadodara has been ranked 6th best “National Clean Air City” (under Category 1 >10L Population cities) in India. At the time of the 2011 census of India, Vadodara Municipal Corporation and associated outgrowths had a population of 1,670,806. About 9.45% of the population was under 6 years of age. Vadodara had a sex ratio of 920 females per 1000 males and
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