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50-643: Toll highway in Mexico The Supervía Poniente (literally "Western Super-Way") is a tollway linking the business district of Santa Fe, Mexico City with the Anillo Periférico beltway in southwestern Mexico City . The final portion opened on June 15, 2013. From Paseo de la Reforma and Mexican Federal Highway 15D just east of the Centro Santa Fe shopping mall, Avenida Carlos Laza begins, which turns into

100-615: A CIA collaborator before he became president of Mexico. López Portillo died from complications of pneumonia at his home in Mexico City on 17 February 2004 at the age of 83, and was buried at the Mexico City Military Cemetery. López Portillo was born in Mexico City , to his father, José López Portillo y Weber (1888–1974), an engineer, historian, researcher, and academic, and his mother, Refugio Pacheco y Villa-Gordoa. He

150-432: A sovereign default in 1982. As a result of the crisis, the last months of his administration were plagued by widespread capital flight , leading López Portillo to nationalize the banks three months before leaving office, and by the end of his term Mexico had the highest external debt in the world. His presidency was also marked by widespread government corruption and nepotism . Shortly after leaving office, during

200-471: A derailment where several were killed in what is now the colony's Ocote Cuajimalpa, electric train service was withdrawn. the old royal road to Toluca already had by then strong competition from road federal Toluca, which runs along the west ridge which had to be stopped to avoid the collapse of the road. Today, in the south of the Calle 16 de Septiembre, one can see the outline of the path that requires them to leave

250-460: A lack of spaces usable by humans." Despite the criticism Santa Fe continues its development. However, the lack of infrastructure and over-investment have created an oversupply of commercial real estate. According to Colliers the vacancy rate in Santa Fe is 27 percent (2005), the highest in the city. This oversupply in the commercial real estate market can also be seen in the monthly rent, having been

300-592: A percentage of property tax and are subject to review and approval expressed by the technical committee as the highest authority of the trust and trustee, this is composed of 7 members of which 4 are appointed by the association and the 3 remaining the Federal District government and decisions are taken by majority vote and at least 1 of the GDF with the president casting vote in case of tie and extraordinarily many times as needed. The area defined by Mexico City's government as

350-499: A road tunnel that starts from the Roma to City Santa Fe, which fail to be viable the high economic investment. For those circumstances, in 2011, the possibility of creating a new office in the area is considered. The new borough of Mexico City was seen more as a way of validating the almost self-government in the area for the trust that manages it because the proposal covers only residential and commercial areas of high economic level, excluding

400-431: A self-contained city where the inhabitants do not venture outside. Jeffrey Inaba of Harvard University argued that Santa Fe should build connections to other parts of Mexico City. Roque González, the author of the original Santa Fe development project, said in 2005 "in 15 years will be a serious problem due to the fact that there are insufficient roads, public spaces, pedestrian areas. We're headed straight into gridlock and

450-411: A sort of government procedure in which a special item given: the GDF without telling borough governments, leading to coordination problems. For example, for drinking water can not connect to networks and to get their Cuajimalpa sewage cannot connect to networks of Álvaro Obregón and no treatment plant exists in proximity. Hence the new Government of Mexico City "GDF" has presented proposals for solution, as

500-603: A tunnel from the Circuito Interior in Condesa along Constituyentes to the point where it meets Reforma just before Santa Fe. In 2013 the Supervía Poniente opened, a toll road linking Santa Fe with the Anillo Periférico ring road at San Jerónimo in southwestern Mexico City. It has become one of the most used and profitable toll roads in Mexico City. It generated on its first five years of operation $ 19.6 million pesos to

550-449: Is access to Tamaulipas and there started the construction of the toll highway Mexico-Toluca, which was to be extended on the outskirts of the city to reach the highway to Cuernavaca. As a result of the 1994 economic crisis in Mexico , the master plan was halted and it was not until 2000 when the first phase of Santa Fe City was reinstated. Another of Santa Fe's original projects was cancelled,

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600-487: Is because in its origin was an urban infrastructure development, where the federal government represented by the DDF was responsible for providing urban infrastructure for industrial use, even thought to use the right of way of the old railroad to build a radio station, connecting the cities of Toluca and Mexico. Something similar to the current Tren Suburbano (Suburban train) from Buenavista railway station to Cuautitlán , which

650-457: Is different from Wikidata Santa Fe, Mexico City Paseo de la Reforma and Avenida Constituyentes are the main roads to access the district, and are subject to traffic jams. El Insurgente commuter rail is under construction and will have a station in Santa Fe. The current area of Santa Fe took its name from Santa Fé de México , the 16th century Pueblo Hospital of Santa Fe , founded by Vasco de Quiroga in 1532. The ruins of

700-434: Is partly drawn from the current highway. For this reason, it has kept the local governments out of both the administration and budgets have been invested in the area by the government. Not to mention that some areas for security reasons are closed to the public way, has had to hire police corps and industrial bank, has had to provide water supply service pipes and removal by sewage pipes also. The agreement invested amounts are

750-412: Is said, from the northern edge of Santa Fe Shopping Center to the area of the colony was used as Pena Blanca dump, even on the side of Cuajimalpa with tunnels that cross to walk of Tamarind. It was a mess that was duly closed and locked when President José López Portillo built his residential complex in the place popularly known as "Dog Hill". In the early 1970s, an urban development plan was created for

800-623: The National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) before beginning his political career. After graduating, he began his political career with the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) in 1959. He held several positions in the administrations of his two predecessors before being appointed to serve as finance minister under Luis Echeverría , a close friend from childhood, between 1973 and 1975. An ideological centrist, López Portillo frequently asserted that he

850-466: The Yugoslavian -born actress Sasha Montenegro . They had two children (Nabila and Alejandro) but later separated. He was the brother of late Mexican novelist Margarita López Portillo, who died on 8 May 2006, of natural causes. He died in Mexico City when he was 83 years old. He was the victim of a cardiac complication generated by pneumonia . He was buried at the Mexico City Military Cemetery. In

900-515: The Zona de Santa Fe is 931.64 hectares (3.5971 sq mi) in size and consists of the colonias : Borders of the Zona de Santa Fe as described above are: Academics from many universities in Mexico and abroad have studied Santa Fe's design. Some believe that the design is well-planned while others believe that the design is poor and will harm the area. Enrique Martín Moreno and María Moreno of Iberoamericana University characterize Santa Fe as

950-647: The Cancun Summit, a North-South dialogue, took place. The summit was attended by 22 heads of state and government from industrialized countries (North) and developing nations (South). During López Portillo's presidential term, Mexico supported the Sandinista National Liberation Front in Nicaragua. In 1977, after the death of dictator Francisco Franco , Mexico resumed diplomatic relations with Spain. Also, in 1979 Pope John Paul II visited Mexico for

1000-673: The President as "the pride of my nepotism") was appointed Subsecretary of Programming and the Budget. His daughter Paulina López Portillo also debuted as a pop singer during his Presidency, and the First Lady Carmen Romano toured Europe with the Philharmonic Orchestra of Mexico City , which was founded and financed by the government of Mexico City through her initiative "to make fine arts education accessible to youths". In 1981,

1050-603: The administration of President Salinas de Gortari (1988–1994), the mayor of the city, Manuel Camacho Solís , and his colleagues devised a project that in theory would be similar to the edge city of La Défense in Paris , which would be located on existing landfills. A major risk due to building on existing landfills was the spread of contaminated water that would slip into Mexico City's water supply. Modern building techniques had to be initiated to spread several flattened layers of sand over millions of tons of garbage. To safely build upon

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1100-456: The area will be connected by the El Insurgente commuter rail system with a station located next to Centro Santa Fe . Private schools in Santa Fe and Cuajimalpa: Universities in Santa Fe and Cuajimalpa: Jos%C3%A9 L%C3%B3pez Portillo José Guillermo Abel López Portillo y Pacheco ( Spanish pronunciation: [xoˈse ˈlopes poɾˈtiʝo] ; 16 June 1920 – 17 February 2004)

1150-412: The area, which would be built in an industrial zone in the area to provide jobs to locals and develop import substitution, between what is planned consider creating the social rehabilitation center west "Ceres" like those built in the north, south and west of Mexico City. This plan did not consider the construction of residential areas as it was anticipated the weak capacity to carry water or drainage out of

1200-475: The area. This even had to be ratified by the boards of neighbors from the surrounding towns. In the 1980s, most landfills had been closed and building construction had begun. In 1982, the Universidad Iberoamericana was built on land donated by the Santa Fe unity government, marking the change from industrial land usage to the development of a residential area of great economic importance. During

1250-471: The change of plans the plans were modified the characteristics of flows and inflows, which have great impact on the area. In 1994 the Association of Settlers Zedec Santa Fe, CA with the first investors in this development, among these we have: Residents created the Association of Settlers Zedec Santa Fe in 1999, to present a common front to the problems that were found in the area. On February 23, 2004, under

1300-452: The construction of the tramline towards San Ángel. The presence of sandbanks in the area was exploited in the 1930s to feed the growing construction industry in Mexico City. The extraction of sand had the unfortunate consequence of creating a deep trench in the landscape, almost 4 km long by 2 km wide and in some places up to 100 meters in depth. A number of other land usage problems surfaced during this time period. In 1953, after

1350-579: The discovery of new petroleum reserves in the states of Veracruz and Tabasco by Petróleos Mexicanos (Pemex), the country's publicly owned oil company. In 1980, Mexico joined Venezuela in the Pact of San José, a foreign aid project to sell oil at preferential rates to countries in Central America and the Caribbean . The economic confidence that he fostered led to a short-term boost in economic growth, but by

1400-516: The eastern ridge bordering the area and who once was a slum called Romita. This right of way gave rise to the Avenida Tamaulipas which connects with the road from Santa Lucia and the avenue Vasco de Quiroga. In the 1960s, sand deposits became difficult to exploit because reinforcement of the walls became increasingly difficult and costly, so the mine owners began to sell the mines to the Federal District, which used it as landfill. Contrary to what

1450-402: The economic front, López Portillo was the last of the so-called economic nationalist Mexican presidents. His tenure was marked by heavy investments in the national oil industry after the discovery of new oil reserves, which propelled initial economic growth , but later gave way to a severe debt crisis after the international oil prices fell in the summer of 1981, leading Mexico to declare

1500-410: The first time. In the year leading to the end of his term as president on 1 December 1982, López Portillo personally chose two candidates as possibilities to replace himself, following the succession ritual established by his party. One, Javier García Paniagua , would have been appointed if a man of greater political skill were needed. The other, ultimately his successor, was Miguel de la Madrid , who

1550-566: The government of Marcelo Ebrard , who had been Secretary to the Government of the DDF under the government of the regent Manuel Camacho Solis , with infrastructure problems and challenges for the Federal District to meet the objectives of the original trust was created the Trust Colon de Santa Fe, constituted by the Government of the District Federal and Settlers Association Zedec Santa Fe This

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1600-614: The government. Just west of Santa Fe, the Chamapa-La Venta toll road connects to the Interlomas edge city and points north. As far as public transportation, there are pesero minibuses and regular public buses. The Ecobus connects Santa Fe (terminal at Centro Santa Fe ) with Metro Balderas in downtown Mexico City and another route to Metro Miguel Ángel de Quevedo . Additionally, other buses connect to Metro Tacubaya and Metro La Villa-Basílica . In late 2024 or early 2025,

1650-1050: The highest in the city for A+ buildings, it is now in the average "C" (range of $ 20–25 per square meter), higher than that of the central Paseo de la Reforma and Polanco markets. The airline Volaris has its headquarters in Colonia Zedec in Santa Fe, previously in Peña Blanca, Santa Fe. Grupo Bimbo has its headquarters in Peña Blanca. Chrysler Group Mexico has its head office in Santa Fe. Liverpool has its headquarters in Cuajimalpa . Other companies with business offices in Santa Fe include Best Buy , Huawei , Ford , Sony , Movistar (Telefónica) , Microsoft , Televisa , Roche , PepsiCo , The Coca-Cola Company , McDonald's , Amazon , Apple Inc. and Prudential . Road access from central Mexico City remains inadequate, with Paseo de la Reforma and Avenida Constituyentes both congested at peak hours. Plans have been circulated to build

1700-516: The hospital still exist in the area. During the Spanish colonial era (late 15th century – early 19th century) and the first century of independent Mexico (early 19th century – early 20th century), the then town of Santa Fe had an open landscape of sand mining activity, which was divided between the towns of Santa Fe, Santa Lucia , San Mateo and San Pedro in Cuajimalpa. Santa Fe was situated along

1750-590: The landfill, the City created a modern Master Program which the government and investors regulate. It is in this decade that a construction boom began with the arrival of the Santa Fe Mall. At this time and under the authority of Manuel Camacho Solís , evictions were issued to the dwellers of Romita and other neighborhoods. Most of the dwellers have resettled in the San Jose neighborhood at Cuajimalpa. Through this avenue there

1800-486: The low level found on its periphery, which are part of the problem, since that is where are the roads and networks that feed the area. Along with the creation of Santa Fe industrial project in the 1970s was created a trust, where the government of the then Federal District "DDF" participate with their respective offices responsible for urban development, giving investors the facilities in the area electricity, lighting, roads, water and drainage to install its industry. But with

1850-485: The most unpopular Mexican presidents in recent history. López Portillo was the last economic nationalist president to emerge from the ranks of the Institutional Revolutionary Party. Subsequent presidents have all been for free trade ( librecambismo ). López Portillo's first wife was Carmen Romano . After leaving the presidency, López Portillo divorced Romano and married in 1995 his longtime partner,

1900-448: The number of members of the Chamber of Deputies to 400: 300 being elected single-member districts by plurality voting ( uninominales ) and 100 being elected according to proportional representation ( plurinominales ). The reform furthermore opened the electoral process for small opposition parties. The López Portillo administration was notorious, more than previous administrations, for

1950-536: The number of relatives of the President who held public office. He appointed his sister Margarita López Portillo head of the General Directorate of Radio, Television and Cinematography (RTC), his cousin Guillermo López Portillo as the first -and only- head of the newly created National Institute of Sport (INDE, which was dissolved in 1981), and his son José Ramón López Portillo (who was described by

2000-472: The presidency of his successor Miguel de la Madrid , numerous officials who had worked under the López Portillo administration were prosecuted for corruption, the most notorious cases being Arturo Durazo and Jorge Díaz Serrano . Although López Portillo himself was suspected of having been involved in corruption as well, he was never charged with any crimes. It was revealed after his death that he had been

2050-468: The requisites for the registration of political parties (thus providing dissidents from the left , many of whom had hitherto been engaged in armed conflict against the government, with a path to legally participate in national politics) and allowed for greater representation of opposition parties in the Chamber of Deputies , as well as granting amnesty to many of the guerrilla fighters from the Dirty War . On

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2100-645: The route of the former royal road connecting Tacubaya to Toluca . This road was located on the present-day avenue that is known by the name of Cuajimalpa Arteaga and Salazar, traversing the Sierra de las Cruces mountains and continuing by the current route of the federal interstate highway that connects Mexico City to Toluca. During the Porfiriato era, a steam tramline was built on the former royal road, which at first ended at Santa Fe, and later expanded to La Venta , Cuajimalpa , and San Ángel. Several trees were removed during

2150-531: The so-called "Mountain Meadows Park", as the West Alameda Park; there are three other Alameda Parks in the northern, eastern, and southern parts of Mexico City. The inadequate road infrastructure, energy, hydro power, which was originally planned for a residential zone, and residents, generated active participation in solving their basic problems, so they propose and manage a new organization where they create

2200-506: The time he left office, the economy had deteriorated and gave way to a severe debt crisis and a sovereign default. One of his last acts as president, announced during his annual State of the Nation address on 1 September 1982, was to order the nationalization of the country's banking system . During his presidential term, his critics accused him of corruption and nepotism. An electoral reform conducted during his presidential term increased

2250-840: The tollway. The road then crosses Las Águilas, Desierto de los Leones and Avenida Las Torres roads, continuing to Avenida de Los Poetas until Avenida Luis Cabrera and its junction with the Periférico. References [ edit ] ^ "Abren la Supervía Poniente" [Supervía Poniente opened]. June 15, 2013 . Retrieved July 4, 2013 . Authority control databases : National [REDACTED] United States Israel Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Supervía_Poniente&oldid=1108228083 " Category : Highways in Greater Mexico City Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description

2300-511: Was "neither of the right or the left". López Portillo was elected unopposed in 1976 , though in any event the PRI was so entrenched that he was effectively assured of victory when Echeverría chose him as the PRI's candidate. To date, he is the last Mexican president to run unopposed. When he entered office, Mexico was in the midst of an economic crisis. He undertook an ambitious program to promote Mexico's economic development with revenues stemming from

2350-493: Was a Mexican writer, lawyer, and politician affiliated with the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) who served as the 58th president of Mexico from 1976 to 1982. López Portillo was the only official candidate in the 1976 presidential election , being the only president in recent Mexican history to win an election unopposed. Politically, the López Portillo administration began a process of partial political openness by passing an electoral reform in 1977 [es] which loosened

2400-511: Was chosen for his financial and administrative skills, which were deemed much more necessary after the devaluation of the peso in February 1982 and the subsequent economic crisis. On 1 September 1982, at his final annual Address to the Congress ("Informe de Gobierno"), López Portillo gave a famous speech where he condemned businessmen and bankers responsible for capital flight , claimed that the crisis

2450-474: Was not his fault ("I'm responsible for the helm , but the storm is not my fault"), announced the nationalization of the banks ("They have looted us, but Mexico is not finished, they won't loot us again!"), and asked for forgiveness for his mistakes as president and the economic crisis. He famously broke into tears during his speech after asking for the forgiveness of Mexico's poor. This passionate speech, however, did little to repair his image, and he remains one of

2500-548: Was the grandson of José López Portillo y Rojas , a lawyer, politician, and man of letters. Another ancestor was a Royal Judge in the Audiencia de Nueva Galicia in the eighteenth century. He was the great-great-great-grandson of José María Narváez (1768–1840), a Spanish explorer who was the first to enter the Strait of Georgia , in present-day British Columbia , and the first to view the site now occupied by Vancouver . He studied law at

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