70-688: The Supermarine Channel (originally the Supermarine Channel Type ) was a modified version of the AD Flying Boat , purchased by Supermarine from the British Air Ministry and modified for the civil market with the intention of beginning regular air flights across the English Channel . The aircraft were given airworthiness certificates in July 1919. The Mark I version, later called
140-715: A fighter or for training purposes. The Channel was first used from August 1919, when it flew passengers across the Solent and to the Isle of Wight . Norway's first airline Det Norske Luftfartsreder A/S of Christiania purchased three of the aircraft in 1920, and four aircraft were ordered for the Norwegian Armed Forces , which began operating from May that year. A Channel was used by the New Zealand Flying School, and Channel II aircraft were sent to Bermuda as part of
210-430: A 1.25-mile (2km) network of temporary pontoons in the water. Around 350 of the boats are exhibited afloat at these pontoons, where potential customers have the opportunity to try them out. In total, 500 exhibitors show over 1000 boats in nearly 12 acres (5 ha) of exhibition space. South of Woolston, Southampton has a shingle beach within its boundaries at Weston Shore. The area is popular for sailing small dinghies; in
280-507: A 160 horsepower (120 kW) Beardmore 160 hp engines, and the Channel II was fitted with a 240 horsepower (180 kW) Armstrong Siddeley Puma engine. The reconfigured flying-boats provided accommodation for a pilot and three passengers in three open cockpits . Data from British Aeroplanes 1914-18 General characteristics Performance Armament Related lists Port of Southampton The Port of Southampton
350-516: A charity, she operates an excursion programme, in addition to providing educational and other services. The first Southampton International Boat Show took place in 1969. It has been held annually ever since and has become the biggest water-based event of its type in Europe. It usually takes place over ten days in September. The venue is Mayflower Park, overspilling into land at a nearby hotel, and also onto
420-444: A deal with Associated British Ports (ABP). DP World is the sole owner of DP World Southampton, having acquired ABP's 49 per cent stake, having been owned and operated by ABP since 1982. It is the busiest cruise terminal and second largest container port in the UK. By volume of port traffic, Southampton is a Medium-Port City globally. The port is ten miles (16 km) inland, between
490-555: A dedicated terminal for fresh fruits and vegetables. The port handles 80,000 tons (tonnes) of such produce, much of it from the Canary Isles , each year. The Esso refinery at nearby Fawley is the largest in the country, providing 20 per cent of the nation's capacity. Its mile-long marine terminal handles 2000 ship movements and 22 million tons (tonnes) of crude oil annually, making it the largest independently owned docks facility in Europe. A direct pipeline, completed in 1972, connects
560-440: A gross tonnage of 184,700 and a passenger capacity of 5,200. In 2005, the number of passengers using the port totalled 738,000, higher than it had been in any one year of the previous century. Since then it has increased year on year, and the figure for 2019 was 1.9 million passengers, representing approximately 520 calls by passenger ships. On average, each docking is worth £1.25 million to the local economy. The Port of Southampton
630-456: A growing variety of cruises. Through the 1990s cruising's growing popularity saw huge increases in ship size and numbers as well as terminal capacity, with Southampton becoming one of the busiest cruise ports in the world. Cruise ship sizes have risen substantially in recent years. The largest vessel using the Port of Southampton is P&O Cruises Arvia , with a length of 345 m (1,132 ft),
700-534: A new one near Timsbury. The seven ton (tonne) models are powered, and have control systems which simulate the realistic handling of real ships. The new facility for them at Timsbury Lake near Romsey features models of berths, ship canal locks, narrow channels etc. for use in training the next generation of ships' officers. Across the Solent from Warsash, the ABP Harbour limit is at Stone point, near Lepe Country Park . The Department of Transport has responsibility for
770-521: A part of the city's main eastern approach route, linking Bitterne Manor to Northam , and the railway bridge which carries the lines linking Southampton with Portsmouth and Brighton . Upstream of these, only a little commercial activity takes place on the river or its banks. Some residences having river frontages use them as moorings for small boats, and a number of private houseboats are berthed. One more large road bridge, Cobden Bridge , connects St Denys and Bitterne Park . More houseboats are berthed to
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#1733093395593840-508: A passenger-carrying flying boat that was the first aircraft to be designed by Mitchell, was based on the Supermarine Channel. It was built at the company's works at Woolston, Southampton for an Air Ministry competition that took place during September 1920. The new civilian air services from the Port of Southampton to Bournemouth and to the Isle of Wight began in early August 1919. Of
910-724: A project to promote aviation in the region and transported to Venezuela to be used to undertake the survey for oil at the delta of the Orinoco . In 1921 the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service acquired three Channel II flying boats which were shipped out with the British-led Sempill Mission to Japan. The ban on commercial flights in the United Kingdom imposed during World War I was lifted in May 1919. With
980-475: A project to promote aviation in the region. Hal Kitchener of the Royal Flying Corps returned to Bermuda and in the spring of that year formed with a partner the short-lived Bermuda and West Atlantic Aviation Company, with the aim of making Bermuda a base for aerial surveys . Several aircraft were delivered to the company, including three Avro 504 sea planes and three Channel I flying boats; and hangars and
1050-672: A slipway were built at Hinson's Island . In 1921 the British Controlled Oilfields Company contracted the Bermuda and West Atlantic Aviation Company Limited with the aim of producing an aerial survey of the delta region of the Orinoco . After being modified to be equipped with specialist camera equipment and tested in Britain, two Channel II aircraft were transported by ship across the Atlantic Ocean to be used to undertake
1120-460: A windscreen included to protect them from the wind and spray), and seats that were kept clean by being designed to spring up when not in use. In October 1920, the aeronautical magazine Flight described the aircraft as able “to delight the heart of any sea-faring man, for they are pre-eminently the product of men who know and understand the sea and its ways”. The Channel's engine was a 160 horsepower (120 kW) Beardmore 160 hp , separated from
1190-526: Is Hythe, which is associated with Sir Christopher Cockerell . The father of the modern hovercraft lived here for a long time. His friend, Lawrence of Arabia, also lived here, but only for a short time. Hovercraft development and manufacture took place principally at Cowes and Woolston, but also at other locations in the Solent area. There is a museum devoted to them at Lee-on-Solent to the East. The Hythe Village marina
1260-557: Is a passenger and cargo port in the central part of the south coast of England . The modern era in the history of the Port of Southampton began when the first dock was inaugurated in 1843. After the Port of Felixstowe , Southampton is the second largest container terminal in UK, with a handled traffic of 1.5 million twenty-foot equivalent units (TEU). It also handles cruise ships, roll-on roll-off, dry bulk, and liquid bulk (mainly crude oil). In 2015, DP World extended its operating license for DP World Southampton until 2047, following
1330-404: Is a road bridge that charges tolls, connecting the docks area with Woolston. It spans 2,625 ft (800 m) and the clearance for shipping is 23 metres above Highest Astronomical Tide , 95 ft (29 m) above chart datum . In 1977 it replaced a chain ferry known as the floating bridge , which had been operating since 1838. Storage warehouses once lined the banks of the lowest part of
1400-499: Is even more famous than the Itchen in the world of fly fishing. The village of Eling , with its sailing club and moorings for small boats, faces the container terminal to the south-west. It features a Norman parish church, one of the two working tide mills left in Britain, and a mediæval toll bridge that still charges users. Two miles (3.2 km) of undeveloped foreshore, mainly reeds, shingle and mud lie downstream from Eling, opposite
1470-404: Is set in a river estuary noted for its wildlife. There is a small oil terminal slightly further north on Southampton Water. For much of the last century, however, Hamble was the village with three airfields, at the centre of an area with up to 26 aircraft manufacturers. The Hamble Aerostructures factory remains busy today. It was a centre for air training from 1931 to 1984. Sir Winston Churchill
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#17330933955931540-635: Is situated to the north of the village. Between this marina and the Marchwood Military Port , 800 acres (324 ha) of land extending from the shore to a line roughly 900 yards (1 km) inland, is owned by ABP. It is held in reserve for, and likely eventually to be used for, further development of the container port. It adjoins part of the eastern boundary of the New Forest National Park, and port development proposals are always highly emotive and contentious locally. The Itchen Bridge
1610-457: Is the busiest cruise turnaround port in Northern Europe. Southampton is now the base of these cruise ships: and the ocean liner: In addition, Southampton is a regular port of call for ships of other cruise companies, including: The container terminal is operated by DP World Southampton. The container port has 210 acres (85 ha) of land – not counting the 375 acres (152 ha) in
1680-515: The Channel ;I , was powered with a 160 horsepower (120 kW) Beardmore engine ; a variant designated as Channel II was fitted with a 240 horsepower (180 kW) Armstrong Siddeley Puma engine. Designed by Supermarine to accommodate up to four passengers, the company produced a series of interchangeable interiors that could be used at short notice, which enabled the Channel to be used as
1750-676: The Supermarine Channel . Designed in 1915 by the British yacht designer Linton Hope , the aircraft was of conventional biplane flying-boat configuration, and also featured a biplane tail with twin fins and rudders . The pilot and observer sat in tandem in the nose, with the engine and pusher propeller mounted behind them, between the wings. The wings could be folded forwards to facilitate shipboard stowage. Two prototypes were constructed in 1916 by Pemberton-Billing Ltd (later to become Supermarine Aviation Works ). The first prototype
1820-516: The Channel ( Dover ) occurs at the same time as low tide at the other end ( Land's End ). Points near the centre have one high water as the tidal swell goes from west to east, another as it then goes from east to west. Neither is as high as the one at each end of the English Channel. The principal berths are divided into three areas: There are five active passenger terminals in the port of Southampton servicing passenger ships. In addition to
1890-578: The Channels to keep up with them. Over 200 flights were completed up to December 1920, after which the service was withdrawn due to a lack of passengers and the high cost of mail delivery by air. The Norwegian government issued a specification for eight naval seaplanes in June 1919, and after accepting Supermarine's tender for Channels, four aircraft were ordered for the Norwegian Armed Forces , which began operating from May 1920. During their operational history, two of
1960-561: The MV Huelin Dispatch from Associated British Ports who in turn had purchased her from the receiver of the Huelin-Renouf bankruptcy. The port has facilities for the import and export of vehicles. Seven multi-storey car park type storage facilities have been constructed, to provide 53 acres (21 ha) of above-ground storage (with another under construction as of 2019). Roll on – roll off vehicle transporters serve all parts of
2030-473: The Schneider Trophy and the world's first port radio and radar station all also feature in the history of this tiny village. Beyond Calshot lies the oil-fired 1GW Fawley Power Station ; beyond that is the huge Fawley Oil Refinery , with its associated piers for tankers. Away from the built up areas and industrial facilities, the western shore is dominated by salt marshes, with some reeds. The next village
2100-486: The Solent area, over 60 dinghy sailing clubs cater for this pastime. This is in addition to the 70 plus yacht and sailing clubs and 40 marinas for bigger vessels. Just beyond the Southampton boundary lies Netley village, famous for its well-preserved medieval Cistercian monastery, Netley Abbey . Royal Victoria Country Park on the shore is centred on a chapel which is all that survives of what, when completed in 1836,
2170-508: The aircraft (planes F-40 and F-44) were re-engined with more powerful Puma engines. After noting the improvement to the performance of the Norwegians' aircraft, Supermarine re-engined their own Channel flying boats, later allotting them with the name Channel II. In 1921 a Channel I was delivered to the New Zealand company Walsh Brothers for use by the New Zealand Flying School. On 4 October 1921
Supermarine Channel - Misplaced Pages Continue
2240-460: The aircraft, by then registered as G-NZAI, made the first flight from Auckland to Wellington . Fiji was surveyed when the Channel made the first flight to the islands in July 1921. G-NZAI was broken up when the New Zealand government took over the Flying School's assets after it was forced to close in 1924. In 1920, Channels saw service in Bermuda, when three of the aircraft were used as part of
2310-551: The civil market, before being given airworthiness certificates in July 1919. The aircraft was redesigned to accommodate up to four passengers, although limited to three if amphibian landing gear was fitted. the modified aircraft were rebranded as the Supermarine Channel Type, with the name 'Channel' first appearing on 2 April 1920. Attention was paid towards the comfort of the passengers, who were provided with compartments that could be either closed over or left open (with
2380-423: The confluence of the rivers Test and Itchen and the head of the mile-wide drowned valley known as Southampton Water . The mouth of the inlet is protected from the effects of foul weather by the mass of the Isle of Wight , which gives the port a sheltered location. Additional advantages include: a densely populated hinterland; proximity to London, and good rail and road links to the rest of Britain which bypass
2450-424: The congestion of London. The average tidal range is approximately 4 metres (13 feet), with 17 hours per day of rising water thanks to the port's "double tides". These allow the largest container and cruise ships access to the port for up to 80 per cent of the time, according to the container terminal operator DP World Southampton. This is a result of tidal flow through the English Channel : high tide at one end of
2520-411: The container port; then comes industrialised Marchwood , facing the western docks. A high-efficiency gas-fired 840 MW power station opened here in early 2010, replacing an older facility. The prominent 360 ft (110m) wide by 118 ft (36m) high aluminium dome is an electricity-generating refuse incinerator known as Marchwood Incinerator ; it too has recently replaced an outdated predecessor. There
2590-630: The cruise ships visiting the port. Marina facilities are available at Hythe Village Marina across Southampton Water to the south, and at several locations on the River Itchen. Close to the Itchen Bridge there is the Ocean Village Marina to the south of the bridge and to the north there is Itchen Marine Towage's marina along with their tug fleet. Shamrock Quay and Saxon Wharf marinas lie on
2660-483: The docks now extend close to the bridges carrying the main Southampton – Bournemouth railway line and the busy A35 dual carriageway. The tidal section of the river, and the area of the navigation authority of The Port of Southampton, end in Redbridge, at a point close to these transport structures. The name of the bridge here comes from the abundant reeds in the area – "Reedbridge"; it was never red in colour. The River Test
2730-429: The home of Southampton F.C. – stands close to the river here, just inland of the coasters' yards. A shipbuilding firm, Day Summers & Co. , was active between 1840 and 1929 in this area. Today this part of the river is occupied by the marinas, and also by many more small wharves, quays and shipyards, which provide homes for small to medium-sized boating-related businesses. The next two crossings are Northam Bridge ,
2800-517: The hull, and the fin and rudder, the AD Flying Boat was able to be ordered into production. A total of 80 aircraft were ordered, and 27 machines were built. Examples were tested with Sunbeam Arab and Wolseley Python engines. Following the Armistice , Supermarine purchased 19 of these AD Flying Boats to modify them for the civil market as the Supermarine Channel . The Channel I was powered with
2870-452: The intention of beginning regular air flights over short-haul sea routes across the English Channel , Supermarine purchased ten AD Flying Boats that during the war had been kept in storage by the military after their construction. The AD Flying Boat was designed in 1915 by the British yacht designer Linton Hope . After acquiring the AD ;Flying Boats, Supermarine modified them for
Supermarine Channel - Misplaced Pages Continue
2940-564: The last seagoing paddle-steamer in the world, runs a small number of slightly longer day cruises from Southampton each year. SS Shieldhall is a heritage ship included in the National Historic Fleet (as is Waverley ) and based at Southampton. She is the largest seaworthy working steamship of her type in Britain and probably Europe. As a "Clyde sludge boat", she spent her working life dumping treated sewage, first from Glasgow , later from Southampton. Restored now and managed by
3010-471: The main channel was increased by dredging to 19 m (63 ft). This enabled the berths to accommodate the largest container vessels in service. Work on the project was undertaken by VolkerStevin, part of the VolkerWessels group. On 20 September 2013, it was announced that Channel Island Lines would continue the "lift-on lift-off" container service between Southampton and Jersey and would purchase
3080-545: The north of it on the Western side, otherwise the riversides are occupied by parkland and the Portswood Sewage Treatment Works for much of the next stretch, as far as Woodmill Bridge. The tidal section of the river, for which the Port of Southampton is the navigation authority, ends here. The river Itchen upstream is noted as one of the world's premier chalk streams for fly fishing . Car storage compounds within
3150-420: The older Western Docks – available for port operations. Loading and unloading operations can be performed simultaneously on four large deep-sea container ships, plus one smaller ship 150 m (500 ft) in length. This container terminal is Britain's second largest deep-sea terminal, after that at Felixstowe . The railway line from Southampton has been upgraded to the relatively large W10 loading gauge on
3220-437: The opportunity to view the yachting from the air in a Channel. During the British railway strike of 1919, Channels were used to deliver newspapers around the south coast. On 28 September 1919, Supermarine operated the first international flying boat service, when Channel I aircraft for a short period carried paying passengers from Woolston to Le Havre , replacing the steam packets that had stopped operating in support of
3290-421: The passenger terminals, Berth 104 (Fruit Terminal) is generally used for fruit transport but has been used for passenger ships during busy times. The first full-time cruise ship was Ceylon, a P&O liner converted in 1881. Until then, ship owners had occasionally used liners for off-season cruising. From 1881 the cruise industry grew slowly until the 1970s, when major shipping operators were badly affected by
3360-462: The port approach stands on Calshot Spit , a mile long (1.6 km) shingle bank, and housed a military garrison until as late as 1956. The area was a base and centre of activity for military flying boats. The hangars along the spit for them now accommodate a large activities centre, with climbing walls, velodrome and dry ski slope. There are also stations and facilities for the lifeboat and coastguard services. Saxon landings in 495, Lawrence of Arabia ,
3430-474: The port area. Solent Towage, based at Fawley, operates four fire-fighting tugs. Svitzer Marine operates a number of fire-fighting tugs based at Dock Head. Williams Shipping operates a small fleet of tugs, workboats and barges. Itchen Marine, based on the Itchen River, operates a fleet of tugs, mooring launches and barges. John H Whitaker operates a small fleet of tankers offering bunkering and other services to
3500-594: The railway strike. Supermarine suspended flights to the Isle of Wight during the winter months, and whenever poor weather conditions occurred. In May 1920 Norway's first airline Det Norske Luftfartsreder A/S of Christiania purchased three Supermarine Channels. The Bergen - Haugesund - Stavanger service was inaugurated in August 1920, carrying mail and passengers. The airline later acquired three Friedrichshafen floatplanes, which with their more powerful engines, made it difficult for
3570-563: The refinery with the West London Terminal in Hounslow , supplying aviation fuel for Heathrow Airport . A replacement pipeline was completed in November 2023. The BP Oil Terminal at Hamble provides storage and distribution facilities for crude oil and refined petroleum products. The crude oil arrives by pipeline, and leaves in sea tankers, destined for refineries; refined products reach
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#17330933955933640-520: The rise in popularity of long-haul jet air travel. Faced with falling demand for their mail and passenger services, they turned their business to holiday cruises: voyages that usually end where they begin, providing short leisure visits to other ports on the way. At Southampton at the time, the ships affected included Cunard 's Queen Elizabeth 2 and the P&;O vessels SS Oriana and SS Canberra : all originally built as fast liners, they began to offer
3710-411: The river, but have been demolished. North of the bridge, on the western side, there are yards and wharves used by coastal vessels. These handle low-value, non-perishable and non-urgent bulk goods, including timber, scrap, metals, cement, sand and other quarry products. This trade accounts for 24 per cent by weight of internal goods transport in Britain. The imposing modern structure of St Mary's Stadium –
3780-627: The route between the container port and the ABP terminal in Birmingham , where it links with lines that have already received this treatment. This allows the railway line to handle the taller containers now in widespread use. Permission was obtained from the Marine Management Organisation to extend the container terminal into berths 201 and 202. The quay was rebuilt in 2014 to accommodate 400 m (1,300 ft) vessels. The depth of water in
3850-483: The safety of navigation within the Western Solent beyond this limit, as it lies outside the jurisdiction of any of the harbour authorities. The foreshore from here to Calshot , the first village to the north-east, is a lightly frequented and rather muddy beach. At Calshot, with the long row of beach huts, the beach is shingle, and there is much of historical interest. Calshot Castle , built by Henry VIII to govern
3920-416: The survey. The expedition team, led by Cochran Patrick, included two pilots, three mechanics and four photographers, surveyed the numerous unmapped small streams and mangrove swamps, a task that was considered to be near impossible without the use of aircraft. On 14 March 1921, the Channel was demonstrated to a Japanese naval delegation that included the chief of the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service , who
3990-457: The ten Channels, five were put to regular use, whilst the others were held in reserve, so allowing plenty of time for maintenance work to be done on them all. The new service was used in a variety of different ways: ferry passengers who had missed their boat to the Isle of Wight could embark from Bournemouth Pier for the flight across the Solent ; and spectators attending the Cowes Regatta had
4060-450: The terminal by ship and pipeline and are then distributed to customers by road tanker, ship and pipeline. Red Funnel ( The Southampton Isle of Wight and South of England Royal Mail Steam Packet Public Company Ltd ) provides two ferry services from the Town Quay area in Southampton to the Isle of Wight . The car ferry service to East Cowes, with a journey time of 50 minutes, is operated by
4130-535: The third of the three rivers that formed Southampton Water, is controlled by its own harbour authority. Warsash is another village in which sailing plays an important role, and also has a history of shipbuilding. In addition it is the home of the Maritime Academy , which provides training for future Merchant Navy Officers. Its famous model ships, used for practising operation of large marine vessels picture were moved in May 2011 from their old base at Marchwood to
4200-527: The three 'Raptor' class vessels: Red Falcon , Red Eagle and Red Osprey . The Fast Passenger Ferry service runs to Cowes (which is called "West Cowes" by Red Funnel) in 22 minutes. It is provided by the Red Jet catamarans: 4 , 6 and 7 . A fourth ferry in Red Funnel's fleet, Red Kestrel is dedicated to freight traffic, entering service in May 2019. There has been a passenger ferry from Town Quay to
4270-633: The village of Hythe , across Southampton Water, since the Middle Ages. This cuts out a lengthy journey by land across the mouth of the River Test . A 2000 ft (610m) pier opened in 1881; a 2-foot (610 mm) gauge railway, the oldest pier railway in the world, has run along it since 1922. White Horse Ferries of Swindon, the former operator, was replaced in 2017 by the Blue Funnel Group . The crossing takes about 15 minutes. Four companies operate tugs in
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#17330933955934340-547: The western end of the Docks area there are additional berthing and anchoring possibilities, at Marchwood Yacht Club and Eling Sailing Club. Blue Funnel Cruises offer harbour cruises to view the ships in port, as well as other short day cruises in the Solent area, and "Party Night" type trips etc. The Barkham family began the operation in the 1930s; the current name was adopted in 1965. They run three vessels, Ocean Scene , Ashleigh R and Jenny R from Ocean Village. PS Waverley ,
4410-538: The western side of the river further upstream, while Kemps Quay marina is on the eastern side. Town Quay marina has a central location close to the Red Jet fast ferry berths. Hythe Village and Shamrock Quay have each been awarded "5 Gold Anchors" classifications from The Yacht Harbour Association . Ocean Village has 3 "Gold Anchors". The Eastern Docks is home to a variety of transport companies and marine service providers, including Williams Shipping who occupy 21 Berth. Towards
4480-449: The wing structure and fixed at the top of an A-shaped frame to prevent vibrations from passing to the wings. Because of the position of the engine, the tail unit was made with two planes. The Channel was equipped with an anchor and a boathook. Mitchell's team produced a series of interchangeable interiors that could be used at short notice, enabling it to be used as a fighter or for training purposes. The Supermarine Commercial Amphibian ,
4550-625: The world; car trains as well as car transporter lorries provide vehicle transport to and from the port within Britain. Southampton has been the UK's leading port for vehicle exports in recent years. The terminal for bulk goods handles over a million tons annually. A facility processes waste glass into glass cullet , suitable for making new glass bottles. Crushed rocks, gravel, sand, fertilisers, grains and scrap are also handled. A Rank Hovis flour mill formerly dealt with 70,000 tonnes of wheat each year but closed in 2018. There are 156,000 square feet (14,500 m ) of refrigerated storage facilities and
4620-481: Was aboard when it flew around the Isle of Wight and the Solent during a strong gale . The delegation was impressed enough by the aircraft's performance for three Channel II flying boats to be acquired by the Japanese and shipped out with the British-led Sempill Mission to Japan. Data from Supermarine Aircraft since 1914 General characteristics Performance AD Flying Boat The AD Flying Boat
4690-564: Was designed by the British Admiralty 's Air Department to serve as a patrol aircraft that could operate in conjunction with Royal Navy warships. Intended for use during the First World War, production of the aircraft was terminated as the end of the war came into sight, and the type saw little operational use. A number were repurchased after the end of the war by Supermarine Aviation and rebuilt as civil transports, becoming known as
4760-426: Was intended to be powered by a 150 hp (112 kW) Sunbeam Nubian engine, but as this was not ready to use, a 200 horsepower (150 kW) Hispano-Suiza 8 was substituted. The aircraft performed poorly both on the water and in the air, demonstrating severe fore and aft vibration during take-off, while subject to excessive yaw during flight. After these problems were solved by producing revised versions of
4830-498: Was one of the many thousands who took flying lessons here. To the south of the village, lies the site of an Iron Age promontory hillfort , Hamble Common Camp . Across the river Hamble, and linked to it by a small ferry for passengers and pedal cyclists, lies Warsash . This is the last village before the border of the area controlled by ABP Southampton with that controlled by the Queen's Harbourmaster Portsmouth. The River Hamble itself,
4900-474: Was the longest building in the world. This is the Royal Victoria Military Hospital, or Netley Hospital , Britain's largest military hospital when in use. It treated 50,000 war wounded from WW I, 68,000 casualties of WW II, and many others before, between and since. Hamble-le-Rice is the next village to the south. Today it is known to yachtsmen as "the heart of British yachting"; the village
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