The ASA/CRA Super Series is a super late model stock car racing series owned and operated by the American Speed Association . It is a touring series based in the Midwestern United States , which competes at paved short ovals. It was formerly known as the Kendall Late Model Series and the Sunoco Super Series .
82-601: The series utilizes super late model chassis race cars. Regulations on engine and body are based on the United Super Late Model Rules Alliance using an Approved Body Configuration legal body, with 358 cubic inch engines. Car body designs are based on the Holden Commodore (VF) (2014-17), Chevrolet Camaro , Dodge Charger , Ford Fusion , and the Toyota Camry . Most races are 100-125 laps long, except
164-466: A DVD player (DVD dropped from MY 2015). The top-end SS V Redline provides extra performance enhancement features over those of the SS V, with improved brake and suspension packages, extra collision sensors, launch control (manual) and a sunroof with Bose audio (on Sedan only). Across all specifications, a manual transmission was no longer available on any SS models in the sportwagon body shape, as it had been in
246-406: A Lane Keeping Assist function on the new E-class . This system warns the driver (with a steering-wheel vibration) if it appears the vehicle is beginning to leave its lane. Another feature will automatically deactivate and reactivate if it ascertains the driver is intentionally leaving his lane (for instance, aggressively cornering). A newer version will use the braking system to assist in maintaining
328-459: A curve with a radius lower than 250 meters. Lane departure warning systems also face many legal limitations regarding autonomous driving. As stated previously, this system requires constant driver input. Vehicles with this technology are limited to assisting the driver, not driving the vehicle. Lane departure warning systems biggest limitation is that it is not in complete control of the vehicle. The system does not take into account other vehicles on
410-510: A deactivation switch on the dashboard; it works by using an optical sensor on both sides of the car. Audi A7 introduces Audi active lane assist. Mobileye developed a system that detected lane markings , and identified when a vehicle departed from its driving lane without the use of the turn signal. Mercedes began Distronic Plus with Steering Assist and Stop&Go Pilot on the redesigned S-class in 2013. Tesla Model S comes with advanced lane assistance systems with their 2014 release. It
492-551: A dry sump oiling system, and a supercharger with twin four-lobe rotors pumping 2.3 litres of air per revolution. It was produced only with the Tremec TR-6060 (MH3 spec) 6-speed manual transmission. The GTSR W1 has 20" SV Panorama forged alloy wheels finished in Matte Black with Pirelli P-Zero Trofeo R track tires. It also has a SupaShock suspension system and forged 6-piston AP Racing monoblock calipers with 410mm rotors. The Maloo
574-560: A head-up display on the windscreen, forward and rear collision warning systems, blind spot monitors and a lane departure warning system . The VF used an electric power steering system, rather than the hydraulic system used on previous Commodores, improving fuel economy at the expense of steering feel. The majority of the testing for the VF was completed in Australia but it was also driven in Germany,
656-523: A lane detection algorithm works to help lane departure warning is shown in the figures. Lane warning/keeping systems are based on: In Europe, the lane departure warning system should be compatible with a visible lane marking identification standard such as commission regulation EU-351/2012. The concept and a working model of this technology was invented and fitted to a Rover SD1 in England by British inventor Nick Parish in 1988. Patent application No 8911571.1
738-473: A mobile phone. An Insurance Institute for Highway Safety raised concern that drivers may be less vigilant when relying on automated safety systems or become distracted by dashboard displays that monitor how the systems are performing. Two separate studies found that lane-keeping systems and blind spot monitoring systems had lower crash rates than the same vehicles without the systems. Police crash data from 25 states between 2009 and 2015 for vehicle models where
820-477: A new "Slipstream Blue" paint colour (replacing "Perfect Blue" and "Alchemy Purple Metallic"), red Brembo brake calipers and an updated wheel design (with cast aluminum construction, as opposed to the forged aluminum wheels used previously). For the 2017 model year, three exterior colours were removed ( Some Like It Hot Red metallic, Jungle Green metallic, and Mystic Green metallic) and two colours were added: Orange Blast and Nightfall Gray Metallic. This
902-587: A six-speed automatic transmission and it also features 20-inch alloy wheels . Due to the increase in power the GTS has a larger brake package than the ClubSport, also for the sportier look a larger rear spoiler . The GTS is also equipped with generation 3 magnetic ride control or MRC. There are three modes for the MRC, tour, sport/performance and track. The GTS is equipped with a driver preference dial that has four modes to adjust
SECTION 10
#1732872744453984-424: A sunroof, 9-speaker Bose audio, and optional Light Titanium Leather seating. Suspension package was soft for comfort but still supportive while cornering with good reviews on handling. There have been several limited edition Commodore models produced, available on a range of specification levels: 2014 Model Year 2015 Model Year 2016 and 2017 Model Years 2017 Model Year In September 2015, Holden introduced
1066-790: A vehicle back into the lane if it starts to leave or proactively keep the vehicle in the center of the lane. Vehicle companies often use the term "lane keep(ing) assist" to refer to both reactive lane keep assist (LKA) and proactive lane centering assist (LCA) but the terms are beginning to be differentiated. Tesla uses the most advanced lane assist system (kind of LKA) combined with their adaptive cruise control system marketed together as ' Autopilot '. In 2020, UNECE released an automated lane keeping system (ALKS) regulation which include features such as lane-keeping and adaptative speed for specific roads up to 60 km/h. Tesla includes features like lane-keeping assist and also automatic lane changing without driver input. A similar technology to lane assist
1148-424: Is a full-size car that was produced by Holden between June 2013 and October 2017. It was the second and last significantly restyled iteration of the fourth (and final) generation of the Holden Commodore to be manufactured in Australia. Its range included the sedan and station wagon variants that sold under the luxury Holden Calais (VF) nameplate. Also available was the commercial utility variant that sold under
1230-471: Is a utility version of the ClubSport, with R8 and R8 SV models also available. A limited edition GTS Maloo was launched in November 2014, featuring the GTS sedan mechanicals except for its Magnetic Ride Control suspension. The Gen-F Senator Signature has a more conservative exterior design than the ClubSport or GTS, but makes up for this by having all luxury fitments from the donor Holden Calais. It features
1312-540: Is mandatory for new cars and vans in the European Union as of 2022 under the name Emergency Lane Keeping System. Lane departure warning systems and lane keeping systems rely on visible lane markings. They typically cannot decipher faded, missing, or incorrect lane markings. Markings covered in snow or old lane markings left visible can hinder the ability of the system. UNECE regulation 130 does not require LDWS of heavy vehicles to work under 60 km/h or to work in
1394-432: Is powered by a 6.2-litre LS3 V8 engine, with power and torque figures of 317 kW (425 hp) and 550 N⋅m (410 lb⋅ft). The ClubSport R8 (based on SSV/Redline) variant has a more powerful engine 325 kW (with SV enhanced option an extra 15 kW (20 hp) of power and 20 N⋅m (15 lb⋅ft)) and minor visual changes compared to the standard ClubSport, including SV badges. The ClubSport R8 Tourer
1476-413: Is the emergency lane keeping (ELK). The emergency lane keeping applies correction to a vehicle which drifts beyond a solid lane marking. One of the main causes of single vehicle crashes and frontal crashes is lane departure. The goal of the lateral support systems (LSS) is to help to avoid such crashes. Without those LSS systems, lane departure can be unintentional; the car drifts towards and across
1558-663: Is the fifteenth and final Australian-made Commodore range since the introduction of this nameplate in 1978. Note: Production ended in October 2017 The VF Commodore SS-V Redline sedan was sold in the United States as a performance vehicle under the name of Chevrolet SS. It was sized between the Malibu and the Impala in the Chevrolet lineup as a performance " Super Sport " sedan, and also filled
1640-501: Is the station wagon version. All ClubSport models feature 20-inch wheels and standard six-speed manual transmission or optional six-speed automatic. In November 2014, as part of the MY15 update, the power was increased to 325 kW (436 hp) for the base ClubSport and 340 kW (460 hp) for the R8. In July 2015, HSV launched the limited edition Clubsport R8 25th Anniversary to commemorate
1722-437: Is used to do autopark feature as well. Requires driver control while vehicle is in use, but adjusts steering if vehicle detects itself drifting out of lane ((LKA) refers to reactive "lane keep(ing) assist" and (LCA) refers to proactive lane centering): List shows up to 2015 model year. This feature has become more widespread since then, as seen below. Allows unassisted driving under limited conditions Lane keeping assist
SECTION 20
#17328727444531804-718: The Holden Ute (VF) nameplate. From 2013 to 2017 an improved version of the Commodore SS V sedan was exported to the United States badged as the Chevrolet SS ; an evolution of the badging practice used on the previous-generation Commodore that was sold in North America as the Pontiac G8 from 2008 to 2009, prior to the Pontiac brand being discontinued. Holden Special Vehicles (HSV) used
1886-548: The Corvette C7 and the SS's brother, the Camaro , claiming that the allocation might have more to do with production rather than supply and demand. Chevrolet projected about 2,000 to 3,000 vehicles a year instead of the much speculated 15,000 to 20,000 cited in the media. On 30 July 2014, Chevrolet announced that the SS would become the first vehicle in the brand's lineup to feature an automatic parking assist system. Chevrolet added
1968-520: The Infiniti FX and (in 2005) the M vehicles. In this system, a camera (mounted in the overhead console above the mirror) monitors the lane markings on a roadway. A warning tone is triggered to alert the driver when the vehicle begins to drift over the markings. Also in 2004, Toyota added a lane keeping assist feature to the Crown Majesta which can apply a small counter-steering force to aid in keeping
2050-730: The Winchester 400 at Winchester Speedway , the Redbud 400 at Anderson Speedway , the Berlin 251 at Berlin Raceway , and the SpeedFest 200 at Watermelon Capital Speedway. The CRA Super Series is based out of Indiana, but in the past few years has been expanding its series to visit a variety of racetracks from Michigan to Florida. CRA started a partnership with the ARCA Racing Series presented by Menards at
2132-468: The electric power steering or EPS) steer the vehicle to hold its lane. It also applies counter-steering torque to help ensure the driver does not over-correct or "saw" the steering wheel while attempting to return the vehicle to its proper lane. If the radar cruise control system is engaged, the Lane Keep function works to help reduce the driver's steering-input burden by providing steering torque; however,
2214-430: The 1/4 mile in 12.9 seconds at 111 mph (179 km/h). Compared to the preceding Pontiac G8, the restyled SS featured a stiffer chassis for improved ride and handling thanks to greater use of medium to high-strength steels adopted for the updated VF Commodore. The addition of high-grade steels resulted in 30 pounds shaved off the core structure. Crash performance was also improved thanks to redesigned front rails and
2296-403: The 2016 model year, Holden released a special edition called the "Black Edition". Available on SV6 and SS models, it featured the same mechanics as a standard SV6 and SS (3.6 V6 and 6.2 V8 respectively) but added extra features such as satellite navigation, heads-up display, red stitching and black detailing on the grill, side vents, and wheels. The entry level SS has the same cosmetic features as
2378-464: The 6.2-litre LS3 V8 engine, with power and torque figures of 340 kW (460 hp) and 570 N⋅m (420 lb⋅ft), respectively. The Senator Signature is available with both a six-speed automatic or a six-speed manual transmission, it also features 20-inch forged alloy wheels. In early 2015, HSV released 52 units of the limited edition Senator SV (Gen-F MY15) series, 50 were built for sale in Australia and two for New Zealand. The VF Commodore
2460-790: The Evoke is the new entry-level nameplate as reflected by its range of engines, which included as standard the same 3.0-litre SIDI V6 engine fitted to the VE Commodore Omega, and the optional 3.6-litre LPG -powered V6, both available only with an automatic transmission. The central console display was increased in size from 6.5 to 8 inches (17 to 20 cm), featuring a single- CD player , compatibility with MP3 and iPod and mobile phone integration. The audio, navigation and mobile phone controls all feature voice recognition technology. Safety features include six airbags, traction control and ABS . The Evoke comes with 16-inch alloy wheels. The SV6 utilises
2542-405: The GTS is fitted with a stacked plate engine oil cooler and a stand-alone water-to-air charge-air cooling system. Unique tail shafts cater for the higher torque loads and the rear differential helps transfer all of the power to ground. At the time of its release, the GTS was the most powerful car ever produced in Australia. Like the ClubSport, the GTS is available in both a six-speed manual and
CRA Super Series - Misplaced Pages Continue
2624-614: The MY16, Series II (VF II) upgrade to the Commodore. The biggest change is the addition of the larger, more powerful 6.2-litre 304 kW (408 hp) and 570 N⋅m (420 lb⋅ft), LS3 V8 engine across all current V8 models of the Commodore, Calais, Caprice and Ute. A Bimodal exhaust was fitted standard to the SS, SS V and Redline models and was optional on Calais V when the LS3 V8 was fitted. All wagon models got new LED taillights. As well as this,
2706-605: The Middle East, North America and Sweden. Show-car versions of the SS V and the Calais V were unveiled to the public on 10 February 2013, with the first pre-production models completed in April 2013. Like its predecessor, the VF achieved five stars in the ANCAP safety ratings. On top of the ratings tests, the VF was found to have good whiplash protection for occupants, though pedestrian protection
2788-555: The SV6, but is equipped with a higher performance V8 engine. From 2013 to 2014 model year, it was equipped with the 6.0-litre L77 V8 engine, and from the 2015 VF II update onwards, it was equipped with the 6.2-litre LS3 V8 engine, previously only used on HSV models. The mid-range SS V features include larger 19-inch wheels and front fog lights (in addition to LED DRLs). Inside the SS V gains leather seats, an enhanced instrument display, 8 way electric driver's seat satellite navigation system and
2870-525: The V8 Supercar version of the VF was headed up by Holden Motorsport technical manager Peter Harker, with the aero package designed by Triple Eight Race Engineering's Ludo Lacroix in conjunction with Doug Skinner from the Holden Racing Team . The VF Commodore race car prototype, fitted with VE Commodore body panels, ran for the first time on 13 October 2012 at Holden's Lang Lang Proving Ground as part of
2952-577: The VE series. Holden cited a lack of sales for manual sportwagon for this decision. The Calais and Calais V are both available with the 3.6-litre V6 engine used in the SV6, and the 6.0-litre V8 engine is optional on Calais V with active fuel management AFM or DoD, running on four cylinders during low load conditions (6.2-litre V8 engine in VF II) used in the SS, SS V and SS V Redline. Both models are only available with an automatic transmission. (LSD Limited slip differential
3034-419: The VE. The wheelbase and track also remain unchanged. The interior underwent major changes, with switches such as the boot lid release being relocated from the glovebox to the doors and the fitting of an electronic handbrake. All models were fitted with an eight-inch touch screen in the centre console, with keyless entry and auto-park assist also standard across all models. Other optional features included
3116-734: The VF Commodore and its ties to the Chevrolet SS in a series of new television commercials which were released online. On 20 February 2013 GM announced that the Chevrolet SS would not be sold in Canada, despite having been previewed there days before the February 2013 Canadian International Auto Show in Toronto. On 6 September 2013, Chevrolet announced that the number of Chevrolet SS vehicles are limited to selected Chevrolet dealerships based on their sales of
3198-615: The VF series as the basis of its performance Gen-F sedan, wagon and utility models, which were also exported to the United Kingdom rebadged as the Vauxhall VXR8 range. In December 2013, GM announced that it would discontinue all Australian production in 2017. The VF Commodore was built on an altered version of the Holden designed GM Zeta platform , first used in the VE Commodore . The VF
3280-515: The aerodynamic efficiency, with the coefficient of drag dropping from 0.33 to 0.30. As a result, fuel consumption has dropped by between three and eight percent depending on the engine and specification level. Starting with the VF II 2015, the 6.0-litre L77 was replaced by the 6.2-litre LS3 . The VF II model also saw the discontinuation of the LPG versions of the Commodore. The number of specification levels
3362-531: The automatic gearbox was redesigned to give more appropriate gear selections. The VE's E85 compatibility was carried forward to the VF V8 engines, and the V6 engine until it was dropped in the 2015MY. Fuel economy has also been improved by the use of aluminium body panels and components, leading to the VF being 43 kilograms (95 lb) lighter than the VE, and the electric power steering system. The new styling has also improved
CRA Super Series - Misplaced Pages Continue
3444-870: The bi-model exhaust and MRC, these are Tour, Sport, Performance, Track. The Gen-F GTSR is the highest performance version of the HSV Gen-F, with a 6.2 L; 376.0 cu in (6,162 cc) supercharged LSA V8 engine which provides 435 kW (591 PS; 583 bhp) of power and 740 N⋅m (546 lbf⋅ft) of torque. Power is sent through a Tremec TR-6060 6-speed manual transmission or optional 6-speed automatic transmission with Active Select and paddle shifters. The GTSR features 6-piston AP Racing brakes with monoblock calipers and 410mm front rotors, quad exhaust outlets with dual diamond-shaped tips, and 8-way electrically adjustable HSV Podium front seats in Alcantara with diamond-quilted stitching. A limited production GTSR W1
3526-502: The combination of these features creates a semi-autonomous vehicle , most require the driver to remain in control of the vehicle while it is in use. This is because of the limitations associated with the lane-keeping feature. The lane keeping assist system is being achieved in modern vehicle systems using image processing techniques called Hough transform and Canny edge detection techniques. These advanced image processing techniques derive lane data from forward facing cameras attached to
3608-632: The downward-looking infrared sensors in the Citroën. Also in 2007, Infiniti offered a newer version of its 2004 system, which it called the Lane Departure Prevention (LDP) system. This feature utilizes the vehicle stability control system to help assist the driver maintain lane position by applying gentle brake pressure on the appropriate wheels. General Motors introduced Lane Departure Warning on its 2008 model-year Cadillac STS , DTS , and Buick Lucerne models. The General Motors system warns
3690-577: The driver must remain active or the system will deactivate. In 2007, Audi began offering its Audi lane assist feature for the first time on the Q7 . This system, unlike the Japanese "assist" systems, will not intervene in actual driving; rather, it will vibrate the steering wheel if the vehicle appears to be exiting its lane. The LDW System in Audi is based on a forward-looking video-camera in its visible range, instead of
3772-418: The driver of an unintended lane change. This happens during speed limit non-compliance as well. Fiat is launching its lane keep assist feature based on TRW's lane keeping assist system (also known as the haptic lane feedback system). This system integrates the lane-detection camera with TRW's electric power-steering system; when an unintended lane departure is detected (the turn signal is not engaged to indicate
3854-531: The driver when the vehicle begins to move out of its lane (unless a turn signal is on in that direction) on freeways and arterial roads . These systems are designed to minimize accidents by addressing the main causes of collisions: driver error, distractions and drowsiness. In 2009 the U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) began studying whether to mandate lane departure warning systems and frontal collision warning systems on automobiles. There are four types of systems: Another system
3936-420: The driver with an audible tone and a warning indicator on the dashboard. BMW also introduced Lane Departure Warning on the 5 Series (E60) and 6 Series , using a vibrating steering wheel to warn the driver of unintended departures. In late 2013 BMW updated the system with Traffic Jam Assistant appearing first on the redesigned BMW X5 , this system works below 25 miles per hour (40 km/h). Volvo introduced
4018-662: The driver's desire to change lanes), the electric power-steering system will introduce a gentle torque that will help guide the driver back toward the center of the lane. Introduced on the Lancia Delta in 2008, this system earned the Italian Automotive Technical Association's Best Automotive Innovation of the Year Award for 2008. Peugeot introduced the same system as Citroën in its new 308 . Lane departure warning systems combine prevention with risk reports in
4100-414: The edge of the lane. The car then reach a potentially dangerous situation. This system does not work when the edge of the lane is not marked by a line. A lane detection system used behind the lane departure warning system uses the principle of Hough transform and Canny edge detector to detect lane lines from realtime camera images fed from the front-end camera of the automobile. A basic flowchart of how
4182-418: The electrical architecture was re-engineered from the ground up allowing for technologies such as head up display and active safety systems (e.g. blind spot monitors). These changes also saw the introduction of a redesigned dashboard and human interface, which had been the most visible change in the transition from VE to VF, aside from an exterior redesign. The Chevrolet SS had an MSRP of US$ 44,470. There
SECTION 50
#17328727444534264-500: The flanks of the car. The enhanced performance VF range sold by Holden Special Vehicles (HSV) was marketed in Australia as the Generation F ("Gen-F") and it comprised the variants listed below. All body styles were exported to the United Kingdom where they were rebadged and sold as the Vauxhall VXR8 range. The ClubSport is the entry-level sedan in the HSV range, based on Commodore SS. It
4346-565: The front bumper and running lights were restyled, the gear ratios on the SS V Redline were altered, and the Redline's suspension tune was adjusted. For 2017 the SSV pack and Calais wagon were dropped from the range. SV6 models got HUD/GPS plus wheels previously used on "Black Edition". SS gained HUD/GPS and 19 inch Wheels. Redline and Calais V models gained chrome V Series door sill plates. Calais V also gained auto tinting rear view mirror and Calais lettering on
4428-445: The front of the vehicle. Real-time image processing using powerful computers like Nvidia 's Drive PX1 are being used by many vehicle OEMs to achieve fully autonomous vehicles in which lane detection algorithm plays a key part. Advanced lane detection algorithms are also being developed using deep learning and neural network techniques. Nvidia has achieved high accuracy in developing self-driving features including lane keeping using
4510-452: The lane departure warning system and the driver alert control on its 2008 model-year S80 , the V70 , and XC70 executive cars . Volvo's lane departure warning system uses a camera to track road markings and sound an alarm when drivers depart their lane without signaling. The systems used by BMW, Volvo, and General Motors are based on core technology from Mobileye . Mercedes-Benz began offering
4592-415: The larger 3.6-litre SIDI V6 engine and is available with both a manual and automatic transmission. The SV6 is also available with the 3.6 L LPG V6. The SV6 features a sportier body kit than the Evoke, with LED running lights, a lip spoiler, FE2 suspension and 18-inch alloy wheels. The interior fittings are sports seats with suede/leather trim, rear arm rest leather steering wheel and gear shift lever. For
4674-547: The most series championships with 3 each. Two women have won a CRA Super Series race, with Kenzie Ruston (now NASCAR Xfinity Series driver Daniel Hemric 's wife) winning at Lucas Oil Raceway in 2012 (the same year her future husband won the series championship) and Ali Kern at Kalamazoo Speedway in 2015. The most frequent CRA racetracks have been: The series has visited several other racetracks, including Bristol Motor Speedway and North Wilkesboro Speedway . Holden Commodore (VF) The Holden Commodore (VF)
4756-601: The nameplate. It did not benefit from any performance increases but only extra fitments that included forged alloy wheels and special badges and trims. Production totalled 108 units (eight of which for export to New Zealand). In 2016, R8 model was reintroduced with downtuned LSA supercharged V8, rated at 400 kW (540 hp). The Gen-F GTS features a 6.2 L; 376.0 cu in (6,162 cc) supercharged LSA V8 engine which provides 430 kW (585 PS; 577 bhp) of power and 740 N⋅m (546 lbf⋅ft) of torque . To assist with its cooling requirements,
4838-440: The neural network based training mechanism in which they use a front facing camera in a car and run it through a route and then uses the steering input and camera images of the road fed into the neural network and make it 'learn'. The neural network then will be able to change the steering angle based on the lane change on the road and keep the car in the middle of the lane. A lane keeping assist mechanism can either reactively turn
4920-640: The option of a manual transmission, standard Magnetic Ride Control (MRC) and OnStar's 4G LTE service to the 2015 model, which debuted at the Woodward Dream Cruise in August 2014. For the 2016 model, Chevrolet announced that the SS would receive a facelifted design, akin to that of the Holden Commodore (VF) Series II. The facelift brought new front and rear fascias, revised LED lighting, dual mode exhaust system with quad exhaust tips, functional hood vents,
5002-516: The pretensioner system in the event of an accident. The VF was recalled again a month later, when it was found that the drive gear for the windscreen wiper motor could fail. LPG models were recalled in July after it was identified that the feed hose could develop a slow leak at the end of the vehicle's lifetime, creating a (low) risk of fire. The VF uses the same engines as the VE, with minor alterations to improve performance and fuel efficiency, while
SECTION 60
#17328727444535084-446: The road ahead in a 40-degree radius, picking up the dotted white lines used to divide lane boundaries on the highway. The computer recognizes that the driver is "locked into" a particular lane, monitors how sharp a curve is, and uses factors such as yaw and vehicle speed to calculate the steering input required. In 2004, the first passenger-vehicle system available in North America was jointly developed by Iteris and Valeo for Nissan on
5166-545: The series' aerodynamic validation. The homologated version of the VF Commodore V8 Supercar was first shown by Garry Rogers Motorsport on 11 February 2013; this was followed by an official unveiling by the Holden Racing Team at Holden's headquarters later in the day. Lane departure warning system In road-transport terminology, a lane departure warning system ( LDWS ) is a mechanism designed to warn
5248-565: The side of the vehicle drifting out of the lane. No warnings are generated if, before crossing the lane, an active turn signal is given by the driver. Nissan Motors began offering a lane-keeping support system on the Cima 450XV Limited (F500) sold in Japan. Toyota introduced its lane monitoring system on models such as the Caldina and Alphard sold in Japan; this system warns the driver if it appears
5330-749: The start of the 2012 season. In 2023, the ASA bought out the CRA sanctioning body along with the Midwest Tour and partnered with the Southern Super Series to bring back the ASA National Tour . All 4 series run co-sanctoned races throughout the year along with standalone races. The winningest driver in CRA Super Series history is Scott Hantz, with 31 career wins. He also shares the record with Johnny VanDoorn for
5412-518: The systems were sold as optional reduced rates of single-vehicle, sideswipe, and head-on crashes by 11 percent, and injuries in such crashes by 21 percent. The sample size was not large enough to control for demographic and other variables. Lane keeping assist (LKA) is a feature that, in addition to the lane departure warning system, automatically takes steps to ensure the vehicle stays in its lane. Some vehicles combine adaptive cruise control with lane keeping systems to provide additional safety. While
5494-424: The transportation industry. Viewnyx applies video-based technology to assist fleets in lowering their driving liability costs. By providing safety managers with driver- and fleet-risk assessment reports and tools, it facilitates proactive coaching and training to eliminate high-risk behaviors. The Lookout Solution is used by North American fleets, and there is research on implementing a lane departure warning system via
5576-607: The vehicle in its lane. Citroën became the first in Europe to offer LDWS on its 2005 C4 and C5 models, and its C6 . This system uses infrared sensors to monitor lane markings on the road surface, and a vibration mechanism in the seat alerts the driver of deviations. Lexus introduced a multi-mode lane keeping assist system on the LS 460 , which utilizes stereo cameras and more sophisticated object- and pattern-recognition processors. This system can issue an audiovisual warning and also (using
5658-452: The vehicle is beginning to drift out of its lane. Honda launched its Lane Keep Assist System (LKAS) on the Inspire . It provides up to 80% of steering torque to keep the car in its lane on the highway. It is also designed to make highway driving less cumbersome, by minimizing the driver's steering input. A camera, mounted at the top of the windshield just above the rear-view mirror , scans
5740-409: The vehicle's lane. Kia Motors offered the 2011 Cadenza premium sedan with an optional lane departure warning system (LDWS) in limited markets. This system uses a flashing dashboard icon and emits an audible warning when a white lane marking is being crossed, and emits a louder audible warning when a yellow-line marking is crossed. This system is canceled when a turn signal is operating, or by pressing
5822-595: The void left behind by the Pontiac G8 (itself a rebadged VE Commodore) after the Pontiac brand was terminated in 2009. The SS went on sale as a 2014 model year vehicle in late 2013 and was Chevrolet's first rear-wheel drive V8 sedan available to the general public in eighteen years since the fourth-generation Chevrolet Caprice and the seventh-generation Impala SS . The vehicle was unveiled during Speedweeks in Daytona Beach, Florida , in February 2013. The Chevrolet SS
5904-452: Was a single, fully equipped specification level, with two optional extras: a sunroof and a full-size spare tire. The SS came with Chevrolet's MyLink system (including Bluetooth , Sirius XM Radio , and Pandora Radio features) and, like the VF Commodore, had auto-park assist, a blind-spot monitoring system, a lane departure warning system and electronic power steering. The SS was fitted with 19-inch wheels. On 7 June 2013 Holden began touting
5986-461: Was also released with a speed assist feature where the front facing camera reads the traffic speed limits using the technology of computer vision character recognition system, and then conveys it to the car. On roads where traffic signs are absent, it relies on the GPS data. When the car moves away from a lane at above 30 miles per hour (48 km/h), the system beeps and the steering wheel vibrate, alerting
6068-404: Was also the final year of the SS, as Chevrolet announced on 9 January 2017 that with the Commodore ending production in Australia there are no plans for a successor. For marketing purposes, the VF Commodore is raced in various motorsport disciplines, however, the race cars generally have no physical or mechanical relationship with the production model, other than similar looks. The program for
6150-464: Was an evolution of the VE, with several visual changes. The VF featured new styling at the front and rear, with a more modern, sculpted appearance replacing the VE's simpler design. Changes included altered headlights, altered tail lamps (on sedans only), alterations to the plastic of the intake and grille and the use of a lip-spoiler instead of a rear wing on the performance models. The body shell, windows, doors, mirrors and roof were all carried over from
6232-426: Was classified as marginal, with the car scoring 15.41 of a possible 36 points in this area. In May 2014, Holden recalled nearly 42,000 VF and WN Caprice models after a potential problem with the front seatbelts was identified. It was found that the pretensioner wiring harness for the seatbelts could make contact with part of the buckle assembly, leading to premature wearing of the wiring harness which could disable
6314-433: Was launched during a downwards trend in large car sales in Australia. Despite this, 2,827 cars were sold in the first month after its launch, a 17.8 percent increase over the corresponding month in 2012.177,593 total VF's were built (advised by Holden customer care) Sales continued to be strong for the rest of 2013, with sales in the second half of the year up by 19 percent compared to the same period in 2012. The VF series
6396-587: Was made in 1989. The first production lane departure warning system in Europe was developed by the United States company Iteris for Mercedes Actros commercial trucks. The system debuted in 2000, and is now available on many new cars, SUVs, and trucks. In 2002, the Iteris system became available on Freightliner Trucks ' North American vehicles. In both these systems, the driver is warned of unintentional lane departures by an audible rumble strip sound generated on
6478-781: Was optional in the Calais range with models using a 2.92 ratio for cruising). The Calais features premium styling with chrome highlights both inside and out, with leather seats and 18-inch wheels. Wheels fitted to VFI Calais V are 19-inch ten spoke machine finished wheels as standard. The Calais V uses the same satellite navigation system as the SS V, and includes text to voice messaging and voice activated call operation while driving. It also features heated front seats with 8 way electric adjust and position memory and four way manual adjustment to head rests, DVD player (until MY2015), head-up display rain sensing wipers, Park assist, side intrusion alert, lane departure warning, forward collision alert and self parking features. The Calais V sedan exclusively added
6560-582: Was powered by a 6.2-litre LS3 V8 engine from the Chevrolet Corvette (C6) , with power and torque outputs of 415 hp (309 kW) and 415 lb⋅ft (563 N⋅m). The only available transmission for model year 2014 was a six-speed automatic that could be shifted manually using paddle shifters on the steering wheel. The top speed was governor-limited to 160 mph. The SS was tested in November 2013 by Car and Driver magazine to accelerate from 0-60 mph (97 km/h) in 4.5 seconds and complete
6642-507: Was reduced compared to the VE, with the Berlina (nameplate introduced in 1984) and Omega (introduced in 2006) dropped. Prices are A$ 5000 to $ 10,000 less than the previous VE models. Utility variants cost less than the corresponding sedan, while the wagon variants are more expensive. Replacing both the Commodore Omega and Berlina (nameplates introduced in 2006 and 1984, respectively),
6724-409: Was released to commemorate the end of production in 2017. The GTSR W1 was limited to 300 units, and is the most powerful vehicle ever made in Australia. It features a 6.2 L; 376.0 cu in (6,162 cc) supercharged LS9 V8 engine producing 474 kW (644 PS; 636 bhp) of power and 815 N⋅m (601 lbf⋅ft) of torque. The engine has titanium connecting rods and inlet valves,
#452547