51-712: The Subversive Festival is an annual international fortnight of political , activist , cultural , educational , literary and artistic events that takes place in Zagreb , Croatia every May. Its activities are divided into the Subversive Film Festival (which was the official name of the festival until 2011), the Subversive Forum, the Balkan Forum and the Subversive Book Fair. The cross-cutting activity
102-446: A fixed frame of reference (such as the fixed stars, Latin sidera , singular sidus ). Its average duration is 365.256 363 004 days (365 d 6 h 9 min 9.76 s) (at the epoch J2000.0 = January 1, 2000, 12:00:00 TT ). Today the mean tropical year is defined as the period of time for the mean ecliptic longitude of the Sun to increase by 360 degrees. Since the Sun's ecliptic longitude
153-618: A leap year there are 366 days. A leap year occurs every fourth year during which a leap day is intercalated into the month of February. The name "Leap Day" is applied to the added day. In astronomy, the Julian year is a unit of time defined as 365.25 days, each of exactly 86,400 seconds ( SI base unit ), totaling exactly 31,557,600 seconds in the Julian astronomical year. The Revised Julian calendar , proposed in 1923 and used in some Eastern Orthodox Churches , has 218 leap years every 900 years, for
204-435: A person carrying a bundle of wheat denoting "harvest". Slavic besides godŭ "time period; year" uses lěto "summer; year". Astronomical years do not have an integer number of days or lunar months. Any calendar that follows an astronomical year must have a system of intercalation such as leap years. In the Julian calendar , the average (mean) length of a year is 365.25 days. In a non-leap year, there are 365 days, in
255-696: A reference event in the past (called the epoch ) as the beginning of the era. The Gregorian calendar era is the world's most widely used civil calendar . Its epoch is a 6th century estimate of the date of birth of Jesus of Nazareth . Two notations are used to indicate year numbering in the Gregorian calendar: the Christian " Anno Domini " (meaning "in the year of the Lord"), abbreviated AD; and " Common Era ", abbreviated CE, preferred by many of other faiths and none. Year numbers are based on inclusive counting , so that there
306-658: A story about a family whose father refuses to evacuate his sick wife from a radiation affected area , won the Best Feature Award. French filmmaker Sylvain George's Vers Madrid (en. The Burning Bright! ), which documents demonstrations of the 15-M grassroots protest movement in Spain, was voted Best Film by the audience . The Subversive Forum is a leftist and progressive event that established itself as an open platform for different and even opposing positions. The Subversive Forum
357-550: A time interval in Julian years is a way to precisely specify an amount of time (not how many "real" years), for long time intervals where stating the number of ephemeris days would be unwieldy and unintuitive. By convention, the Julian year is used in the computation of the distance covered by a light-year . In the Unified Code for Units of Measure (but not according to the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics or
408-749: Is a 12-month period used for calculating annual financial statements in businesses and other organizations. In many jurisdictions, regulations regarding accounting require such reports once per twelve months, but do not require that the twelve months constitute a calendar year. For example, in Canada and India the fiscal year runs from April 1; in the United Kingdom it runs from April 1 for purposes of corporation tax and government financial statements, but from April 6 for purposes of personal taxation and payment of state benefits; in Australia it runs from July 1; while in
459-490: Is about 20 minutes shorter than the sidereal year. The mean tropical year is approximately 365 days, 5 hours, 48 minutes, 45 seconds, using the modern definition ( = 365.24219 d × 86 400 s). The length of the tropical year varies a bit over thousands of years because the rate of axial precession is not constant. The anomalistic year is the time taken for the Earth to complete one revolution with respect to its apsides . The orbit of
510-524: Is an integral approximation to the year equaling 365 days, which wanders in relation to more exact years. Typically the vague year is divided into 12 schematic months of 30 days each plus 5 epagomenal days. The vague year was used in the calendars of Ethiopia , Ancient Egypt , Iran , Armenia and in Mesoamerica among the Aztecs and Maya . It is still used by many Zoroastrian communities. A heliacal year
561-427: Is measured with respect to the equinox, the tropical year comprises a complete cycle of the seasons and is the basis of solar calendars such as the internationally used Gregorian calendar . The modern definition of mean tropical year differs from the actual time between passages of, e.g., the northward equinox, by a minute or two, for several reasons explained below. Because of the Earth's axial precession , this year
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#1732868990713612-629: Is named after the 19th-century German astronomer and mathematician Friedrich Bessel . The following equation can be used to compute the current Besselian epoch (in years): The TT subscript indicates that for this formula, the Julian date should use the Terrestrial Time scale, or its predecessor, ephemeris time . The exact length of an astronomical year changes over time. Numerical value of year variation Mean year lengths in this section are calculated for 2000, and differences in year lengths, compared to 2000, are given for past and future years. In
663-465: Is no "year zero". Years before the epoch are abbreviated BC for Before Christ or BCE for Before the Common Era . In Astronomical year numbering , positive numbers indicate years AD/CE, the number 0 designates 1 BC/BCE, −1 designates 2 BC/BCE, and so on. Other eras include that of Ancient Rome , Ab Urbe Condita ("from the foundation of the city ), abbreviated AUC; Anno Mundi ("year of
714-499: Is not connected to any political party but it attracts individuals of various political stripes on the progressive left and is related to almost all significant Croatian, post-Yugoslav and Balkans social movements – from student movements , trade unions , feminist organisations , the Right to the City movements, green and LGBT activists etc. The Subversive Forum has been supported by
765-815: Is the accusative singular ; annī is genitive singular and nominative plural; annō the dative and ablative singular) is from a PIE noun *h₂et-no- , which also yielded Gothic aþn "year" (only the dative plural aþnam is attested). Although most languages treat the word as thematic *yeh₁r-o- , there is evidence for an original derivation with an *-r/n suffix, *yeh₁-ro- . Both Indo-European words for year, *yeh₁-ro- and *h₂et-no- , would then be derived from verbal roots meaning "to go, move", *h₁ey- and *h₂et- , respectively (compare Vedic Sanskrit éti "goes", atasi "thou goest, wanderest"). A number of English words are derived from Latin annus , such as annual , annuity , anniversary , etc.; per annum means "each year", annō Dominī means "in
816-505: Is the time taken for astronomical objects to complete one orbit . For example, a year on Earth is the time taken for Earth to revolve around the Sun . Generally, a year is taken to mean a calendar year , but the word is also used for periods loosely associated with the calendar or astronomical year, such as the seasonal year , the fiscal year , the academic year , etc. The term can also be used in reference to any long period or cycle, such as
867-661: Is the Subversive Festival's Conference that includes major keynote lectures and round tables held in Cinema Europe. The Festival was initially founded as the Subversive Film Festival in 2008 which celebrated the 40th anniversary of the protests of 1968 . The initial edition of the festival included screening of the films by Chris Marker and Jean-Luc Godard as well as public lectures by Slavoj Žižek , Ernesto Laclau , Chantal Mouffe and others. Each edition of
918-413: Is the interval between the heliacal risings of a star. It differs from the sidereal year for stars away from the ecliptic due mainly to the precession of the equinoxes . The Sothic year is the heliacal year, the interval between heliacal risings, of the star Sirius . It is currently less than the sidereal year and its duration is very close to the Julian year of 365.25 days. The Gaussian year
969-526: Is the sidereal year for a planet of negligible mass (relative to the Sun) and unperturbed by other planets that is governed by the Gaussian gravitational constant . Such a planet would be slightly closer to the Sun than Earth's mean distance. Its length is: The Besselian year is a tropical year that starts when the (fictitious) mean Sun reaches an ecliptic longitude of 280°. This is currently on or close to January 1. It
1020-531: Is the time taken for the Sun (as seen from the Earth) to complete one revolution with respect to the same lunar node (a point where the Moon's orbit intersects the ecliptic). The year is associated with eclipses : these occur only when both the Sun and the Moon are near these nodes; so eclipses occur within about a month of every half eclipse year. Hence there are two eclipse seasons every eclipse year. The average duration of
1071-492: The European Union prompted the organisers in 2012 to tackle "The Future of Europe", whereas the major theme of 2013's "The Utopia of Democracy" responded to the rise of global movements demanding real democracy , participation and social justice . Che Guevara's daughter Aleida was one of the guests in 2013, as well as Alexis Tsipras , the head of Greece's leftist SYRIZA parliamentary group, both taking part in debates at
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#17328689907131122-521: The Great Year . Due to the Earth's axial tilt , the course of a year sees the passing of the seasons , marked by changes in weather , the hours of daylight , and, consequently, vegetation and soil fertility . In temperate and subpolar regions around the planet, four seasons are generally recognized: spring , summer , autumn , and winter . In tropical and subtropical regions, several geographical sectors do not present defined seasons; but in
1173-444: The International Union of Geological Sciences , see below), the symbol a (without subscript) always refers to the Julian year, a j , of exactly 31 557 600 seconds . The SI multiplier prefixes may be applied to it to form "ka", "Ma", etc. Each of these three years can be loosely called an astronomical year . The sidereal year is the time taken for the Earth to complete one revolution of its orbit , as measured against
1224-463: The Proto-Indo-European noun *yeh₁r-om "year, season". Cognates also descended from the same Proto-Indo-European noun (with variation in suffix ablaut ) are Avestan yārǝ "year", Greek ὥρα ( hṓra ) "year, season, period of time" (whence " hour "), Old Church Slavonic jarŭ , and Latin hornus "of this year". Latin annus (a 2nd declension masculine noun; annum
1275-593: The United States the fiscal year of the federal government runs from October 1. An academic year is the annual period during which a student attends an educational institution . The academic year may be divided into academic terms , such as semesters or quarters. The school year in many countries starts in August or September and ends in May, June or July. In Israel the academic year begins around October or November, aligned with
1326-805: The World Social Forum as an official event of the WSF. According to the organizers, the Subversive forum has become "one of the key European mobilisation points for activists and intellectuals from the region and the world, thinking jointly how to build better social systems" The Balkan Forum was established in 2012 as the platform for cooperation for pan- Balkan social and political movements and organisations from 10 post-socialist countries ( Slovenia , Croatia , Bosnia and Herzegovina , Serbia , North Macedonia , Albania , Bulgaria , Romania , Montenegro , and with strong participation from Hungary ). The conclusions of
1377-533: The artistic director Dragan Rubeša. The first Wild Dreamer Award for Lifetime Achievement was given to Oliver Stone , whose latest 10-hour-long series the Untold History of the United States was shown in the main film programme. The Wild Dreamer for Best Documentary Film went to Italian director Daniele Vicari for La nave dolce [ it ] . The Land of Hope by Japanese director Shion Sono ,
1428-409: The perigee of the Moon's orbit. This period is associated with the apparent size of the full moon , and also with the varying duration of the synodic month . The duration of one full moon cycle is: The lunar year comprises twelve full cycles of the phases of the Moon, as seen from Earth. It has a duration of approximately 354.37 days. Muslims use this for celebrating their Eids and for marking
1479-415: The seasonal tropics , the annual wet and dry seasons are recognized and tracked. A calendar year is an approximation of the number of days of the Earth's orbital period, as counted in a given calendar . The Gregorian calendar , or modern calendar, presents its calendar year to be either a common year of 365 days or a leap year of 366 days, as do the Julian calendars . For the Gregorian calendar,
1530-1213: The EU . In this context, the visit of the head of the Greek opposition Syriza Alexis Tsipras and film director Oliver Stone was particularly followed both by local audience and international media. A joke made by Slavoj Žižek during the public debate with Tsipras provoked a controversy in Greece. The Festival's conference attracts thousands of visitors from all over the world. Many prominent intellectuals have given keynote lectures and participated in public debates , including Slavoj Žižek , Oliver Stone , Alexis Tsipras , Tariq Ali , Aleida Guevara , Terry Eagleton , Gayatri Spivak , Michael Hardt , Antonio Negri , Saskia Sassen , Wang Hui , Minqi Li , Karl-Heinz Dellwo , David Harvey , Erik Olin Wright , Bernard Stiegler , Franco Berardi , Karl-Markus Gauss , Renata Salecl , Boris Buden , Dubravka Ugrešić , Želimir Žilnik , Aleš Debeljak , Samir Amin etc. [REDACTED] Media related to Subversive Festival at Wikimedia Commons Year A year
1581-424: The Earth is elliptical; the extreme points, called apsides, are the perihelion , where the Earth is closest to the Sun, and the aphelion , where the Earth is farthest from the Sun. The anomalistic year is usually defined as the time between perihelion passages. Its average duration is 365.259636 days (365 d 6 h 13 min 52.6 s) (at the epoch J2011.0). The draconic year, draconitic year, eclipse year, or ecliptic year
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1632-521: The First Balkan Forum highlighted a need for stronger cooperation among these movements as well as for joint action across the peninsula . A huge number of activists gathered in 2012 and 2013 to discuss topics relevant to the region, including neoliberal policies , rampant privatisation , the defense of the Commons , student and workers movements, sex and gender equality , social change , as well as
1683-476: The Subversive Festival are usually reported by local and international media ( Al Jazeera , Croatian Television , Slovenian Television , Arte TV , etc.). The Festival benefits from special media support by media sharing its political vision such as le Monde Diplomatique , La Memoire des Luttes, Transeuropeennes, Zarez , Critic Attac, etc. The 6th edition of the Subversive Festival provoked special attention since it took place just before Croatia's accession to
1734-699: The United Kingdom, and 200 for pupils in Australia. In India the academic year normally starts from June 1 and ends on May 31. Though schools start closing from mid-March, the actual academic closure is on May 31 and in Nepal it starts from July 15. Schools and universities in Australia typically have academic years that roughly align with the calendar year (i.e., starting in February or March and ending in October to December), as
1785-563: The United States, notably Boston Latin School , may divide the year into five or more marking periods. Some state in defense of this that there is perhaps a positive correlation between report frequency and academic achievement. There are typically 180 days of teaching each year in schools in the US, excluding weekends and breaks, while there are 190 days for pupils in state schools in Canada, New Zealand and
1836-477: The average (mean) year length of 365.242 2222 days, close to the length of the mean tropical year, 365.242 19 days (relative error of 9·10). In the year 2800 CE, the Gregorian and Revised Julian calendars will begin to differ by one calendar day. The Gregorian calendar aims to ensure that the northward equinox falls on or shortly before March 21 and hence it follows the northward equinox year , or tropical year . Because 97 out of 400 years are leap years,
1887-595: The average length of the calendar year (the mean year) across the complete leap cycle of 400 years is 365.2425 days (97 out of 400 years are leap years). In English, the unit of time for year is commonly abbreviated as "y" or "yr". The symbol "a" (for Latin : annus , year) is sometimes used in scientific literature, though its exact duration may be inconsistent. English year (via West Saxon ġēar ( /jɛar/ ), Anglian ġēr ) continues Proto-Germanic *jǣran ( *j ē₁ ran ). Cognates are German Jahr , Old High German jār , Old Norse ár and Gothic jer , from
1938-407: The eclipse year is This term is sometimes erroneously used for the draconic or nodal period of lunar precession , that is the period of a complete revolution of the Moon's ascending node around the ecliptic: 18.612 815 932 Julian years ( 6 798 .331 019 days; at the epoch J2000.0). The full moon cycle is the time for the Sun (as seen from the Earth) to complete one revolution with respect to
1989-550: The festival has an overarching theme that invites critical examination and public debates. In 2009 the Festival was dedicated to China , in the context of the 60th anniversary of the Communist Revolution , whereas in 2010 its theme was the history, present and future of the idea of socialism . Following the " Arab Spring ", the 2011 edition was dedicated to decolonisation as well as to new social movements . The situation in
2040-661: The festival's primary venue Europe Cinema, the event moved to four venues and streamed online. Subversive Festival has several sections. In 2011 the Subversive Film Festival, originally the core of the festival, became one of many festival sections. The film festival consists of a selection of films according to their relation to the main theme of that year's Festival (e.g. 1968, China, Socialism, Decolonisation, Europa Incognita, Utopia of Democracy), retrospectives of acknowledged leftist film authors and panel discussions between film theoreticians and filmmakers . The most notable film retrospectives so far include an overview of
2091-403: The festival. In 2013 Srećko Horvat and Igor Štiks left the Subversive Festival together with other members of the program team, "due to differences in understanding the goals and direction of the activist platforms within Subversive Forum and, more generally, the general purpose of Subversive Festival". From 2014 onwards it has been run by a different team. In 2021, after the 2019 closure of
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2142-485: The historical Jalali calendar , known as the Solar Hijri calendar (1925), is a purely solar calendar with an irregular pattern of leap days based on observation (or astronomical computation), aiming to place new year ( Nowruz ) on the day of vernal equinox (for the time zone of Tehran ), as opposed to using an algorithmic system of leap years. A calendar era assigns a cardinal number to each sequential year, using
2193-543: The mean length of the Gregorian calendar year is 365.242 5 days; with a relative error below one ppm (8·10) relative to the current length of the mean tropical year ( 365.242 189 days) and even closer to the current March equinox year of 365.242 374 days that it aims to match. Historically, lunisolar calendars intercalated entire leap months on an observational basis. Lunisolar calendars have mostly fallen out of use except for liturgical reasons ( Hebrew calendar , various Hindu calendars ). A modern adaptation of
2244-516: The questions of democratisation and participation , the media and public sphere , and alternative economic models . The Balkan Forum includes both self-organised sessions by movements and organisations themselves as well as plenary sessions . The Subversive Festival established strong ties with the World Social Forum , The World Forum of Alternatives, Transform! Europe Network , Attac , Rosa Luxemburg Stiftung , Heinrich Böll Foundation and similar international organisations. The events at
2295-406: The revolutionary films of the 1960s and 1970s, a selection of Chinese film classics and contemporary films, a major retrospective of Yugoslav cinema ( curated by Sergio Germani Grmek) and a selection of contemporary Third World cinema. The sixth edition of the Subversive Film Festival (in 2013) introduced competition categories for contemporary European and international films, selected by
2346-591: The second month of the Hebrew calendar. Some schools in the UK, Canada and the United States divide the academic year into three roughly equal-length terms (called trimesters or quarters in the United States), roughly coinciding with autumn, winter, and spring. At some, a shortened summer session, sometimes considered part of the regular academic year, is attended by students on a voluntary or elective basis. Other schools break
2397-475: The southern hemisphere experiences summer from December to February. The Julian year, as used in astronomy and other sciences, is a time unit defined as exactly 365.25 days of 86,400 SI seconds each (" ephemeris days "). This is the normal meaning of the unit "year" used in various scientific contexts. The Julian century of 36 525 ephemeris days and the Julian millennium of 365 250 ephemeris days are used in astronomical calculations. Fundamentally, expressing
2448-508: The start of the fasting month of Ramadan . A Muslim calendar year is based on the lunar cycle. The Jewish calendar is also essentially lunar, except that an intercalary lunar month is added once every two or three years, in order to keep the calendar synchronized with the solar cycle as well. Thus, a lunar year on the Jewish (Hebrew) calendar consists of either twelve or thirteen lunar months. The vague year, from annus vagus or wandering year,
2499-547: The world"), used for the Hebrew calendar and abbreviated AM; and the Japanese imperial eras . The Islamic Hijri year , (year of the Hijrah , Anno Hegirae abbreviated AH), is a lunar calendar of twelve lunar months and thus is shorter than a solar year. Financial and scientific calculations often use a 365-day calendar to simplify daily rates. A fiscal year or financial year
2550-454: The year into two main semesters, a first (typically August through December) and a second semester (January through May). Each of these main semesters may be split in half by mid-term exams, and each of the halves is referred to as a quarter (or term in some countries). There may also be a voluntary summer session or a short January session. Some other schools, including some in the United States, have four marking periods. Some schools in
2601-720: The year of the Lord". The Greek word for "year", ἔτος , is cognate with Latin vetus "old", from the PIE word *wetos- "year", also preserved in this meaning in Sanskrit vat-sa-ras "year" and vat-sa- "yearling (calf)", the latter also reflected in Latin vitulus "bull calf", English wether "ram" (Old English weðer , Gothic wiþrus "lamb"). In some languages, it is common to count years by referencing to one season, as in "summers", or "winters", or "harvests". Examples include Chinese 年 "year", originally 秂 , an ideographic compound of
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