56-687: The Student Broadcast Network or SBN was a company that provided a sustaining service, news and advertising for student radio stations in the United Kingdom. It provided syndicated music based programmes and an hourly news service across the UK via satellite. Stations received money in return for broadcasting SBN's content and advertising. In 2004, SBN was closed by its parent company Campus Media, leaving many student stations with large gaps in their budgets. Student radio Campus radio (also known as college radio , university radio or student radio )
112-525: A community broadcasting licence . Some services, such as 87.8 UCFM Canberra, operate under a narrowcast license, while others broadcast exclusively online. Australia also once had two radio stations that were operated by universities and dedicated to delivery of course content: BU RADiO is the first campus radio station of the University of Barishal in Barishal , Bangladesh. It was founded on 19 May 2019 by
168-463: A collection of disparate elements, Radio Campus is a vocal leader in the areas of digital broadcasting, keeping tabs on the development of terrestrial radio, as well as developing new network interfaces for radio stations across the nation to share content. With a broad music program, the playlist is powered by the passion of fans, and heralds a modern way for groups to interact in the social web. Whether through their support of regular residency shows from
224-577: A given album and the latitude to decide the playlist order. Consequently, AOR radio gave mainstream exposure to album tracks that never became hits on the record charts limited to singles; Billboard , for instance, did not establish an airplay chart for album tracks until 1981. Later in the 1970s, AOR stations shifted song selection to a program director or music director rather than the DJ. Still, when an AOR station added an album to rotation, they often focused on numerous tracks simultaneously rather than playing
280-681: A group of students and alumni of the university. BUET Radio is the first campus radio in Bangladesh among the engineering universities. It was established on 30 October 2015 and is run by the students of the institution. BRUR Campus Radio is the Campus Online Radio of Begum Rokeya University , Rangpur. KUET RADIO is a university-based radio station in Khulna University of Engineering & Technology , established in 2016. This station broadcasts campus-based programs and public notices of
336-453: A more significant role in song selection, generally limiting airplay to just a few "focus tracks" from a particular album and concentrating on artists with a more "commercial" sound than those featured a few years earlier. Noted DJ " Kid Leo " Travagliante of the station WMMS in Cleveland observed the changes in a 1975 interview: "I think the '60s are ending about now. Now we are really starting
392-433: A particular program's content category. Generally, for popular music programs (pop, rock, dance, country-oriented, acoustic, and easy listening), hosts must play a minimum of 35% Canadian content. Programs featuring Special Interest Music (concert, folk-oriented, world, blues, jazz, non-classic religious, and experimental) must have at least 12% Canadian content. In early 2005, Humber College 's radio station CKHC-FM became
448-408: A radio format that also uses the initialism "AOR" and covers not only album-oriented rock but also album tracks and " deep cuts " from a range of other rock genres, such as soft rock and pop rock . The album-oriented rock radio format started with programming concepts in the 1960s. The freeform and progressive formats developed the tone for AOR playlists for much of its heyday. In July 1964,
504-427: A relatively brief life. With more listeners acquiring FM radios, it became more important for stations to attract larger market share to sell more advertising. By 1970, many of the stations were instituting programming rules with a "clock" and system of " rotation ." With this shift, stations' formats in the early 1970s were now billed as progressive. However, DJs still had input over the music they played. The selection
560-477: A repertoire of rock music and style of delivery that became the foundations of AOR and classic rock radio. Those AOR stations, which decided to stay demographically rooted, became classic rock stations by eschewing newer bands and styles for which their older listeners might have tuned out. Most radio formats are based on a select, tight rotation of hit singles . The best example is Top 40 , though other formats, like country , smooth jazz , and urban , all utilize
616-654: A requirement not to compete directly with commercial radio stations, are full players in the Canadian broadcasting spectrum. Campus radio stations in Canada are more commonly associated with universities than with colleges, although some colleges also have licensed campus radio stations. As well, some institutions maintain unlicensed campus radio operations which broadcast only by closed circuit , cable FM or Internet streaming . Also see United States section for more general information. Canada's oldest community-based campus radio station
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#1732876720151672-512: A result of years of campaigning by activists and a strongly worded Supreme Court judgment directing the opening up of the airwaves. A unique experiment in using media technologies, especially radio, for development and empowerment of marginalized, rural communities is the community radio initiative "Chalo Ho Gaon Mein" a programme that is broadcast once a week on AIR Daltonganj in the Palamu district of Jharkhand , eastern India. This radio programme
728-406: A substantial segment of AOR stations all over the U.S. By the late 1970s, AOR radio stations began to focus on a more narrowly defined rock sound. Stations began reducing the number of folk , jazz , and blues artists played and effectively eliminated most Black artists from airplay. While AOR had once championed soul , funk , and R&B artists like Stevie Wonder , War , and Sly Stone ,
784-473: A variety of programming including news (often local), sports (often relating to the campus), and spoken word programming as well as general music. Often the radio format is best described as a freeform , with much creativity and individualism among the disc jockeys and show hosts. Some of these radio stations have gained critical acclaim for their programming and are considered by the community in which they are embedded to be an essential media outlet. While
840-518: Is CFRC at Queen's University in Kingston , which has been on the air since 1923; it began as a commercial radio station and a Canadian Broadcasting Corporation affiliate but became the country's first university-owned station in 1942 and fully transitioned to a campus radio station in 1957. CJRT-FM , a campus radio station of the instructional type, has been on air since 1949. The CRTC places responsibilities upon campus radio stations in Canada through
896-561: Is a government-owned corporation that helps setup of Community FM radio stations in India. Ravi Shankar Prasad , the then Minister for Information and Broadcasting in the government, told India's upper house of parliament the Rajya Sabha on 22 December 2003, that four organizations including Jammu University and Kashmir University were found ineligible for grant of license as per the laid down guidelines. The minister also ruled out any review of
952-402: Is a type of radio station that is run by the students of a college , university or other educational institution . Programming may be exclusively created or produced by students , or may include program contributions from the local community in which the radio station is based. Sometimes campus radio stations are operated for the purpose of training professional radio personnel, sometimes with
1008-558: Is a willingness—or, in some countries, even a licensing requirement—to broadcast musical selections that are not categorized as commercial hits . Because of this, campus radio has come to be associated with emerging musical trends, including genres such as punk and new wave , alternative rock , indie rock , underground metal and hip hop , long before those genres become part of the musical mainstream. Campus radio stations also often provide airplay and promotional exposure to new and emerging local artists. Many campus radio stations carry
1064-595: Is an FM radio format created in the United States in the late 1960s that focuses on the full repertoire of rock albums and is currently associated with classic rock . US radio stations dedicated to playing album tracks by rock artists from the hard rock and progressive rock genres initially established album-oriented radio. In the mid-1970s, AOR was characterized by a layered, mellifluous sound and sophisticated production with considerable dependence on melodic hooks. The AOR format achieved tremendous popularity in
1120-538: Is distributed through local cable television systems on cable FM or on the second audio programs of TV radio stations. . The first (and one of the most popular) campus radio in Argentina's history is LR11 Radio Universidad Nacional de La Plata , which belongs to the Universidad Nacional de La Plata . It was inaugurated on 5 April 1924 as an element of scientific dissemination and university extension, and it
1176-834: Is strictly non-profit and participation is free for any student of the NTUA. Community groups in India, and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) have been campaigning for permission to set up community radio (CR) radio stations since the late 1990s. News, as of November 2006, has it that the India cabinet decided to grant permission to non-profit organizations and educational institutions to set up community radio stations. The cabinet decision will allow civil society and voluntary organizations, state agriculture universities and institutions, Krishi Vigyan Kendras or agricultural science centers, registered societies and autonomous boards, and public trusts registered under Societies Act to start community radio stations. Broadcast Engineering Consultants of India
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#17328767201511232-599: Is supported by the National Foundation for India and produced by Community representatives, of Alternative for India Development (AID), a non-governmental organization. School of Communication of Manipal also has its own campus radio. Ravenshaw Radio 90.4 MHz is Odisha state's first campus community radio station (CRS) of Ravenshaw University in Cuttack , Odisha . It started broadcasting in April 2011. According to
1288-723: Is the first university in the state of Maharashtra to have an FM radio station. The University of Pune's FM Radio inaugurated on 1 May 2005, has been named as Vidyavani . It covers a wide range of subjects, focusing specifically on the requirements of students of various departments and affiliated colleges. It reaches an area around the campus within eight-km radius. Unsuccessful attempts have been also made to start CR without obtaining any permission. The small village of Orvakal in Kurnool district of Andhra Pradesh (South India) launched "Mana Radio" (Our Radio) in November 2002. This project run under
1344-601: Is the first university radio station in the world. The most famous campus/college radio in the country, FM Radio Universidad ("University Radio"), is an Argentine radio station based in the city of Rosario , belonging to the National University of Rosario (UNR) . It was created in 1994, and it has a strong focus on programs covering national/international news and current political topics of discussion, as well as AOR musical segments . The station transmits on 103.3 MHz. Student radio stations generally operate under
1400-527: Is the predominant one, colloquially known as "campus-community radio." In recent years, some community-based campus radio stations, including CFFF-FM in Peterborough and CJMQ-FM in Sherbrooke , have in fact had their CRTC licenses formally reclassified from campus radio to community radio . Campus radio stations broadcasting at full power are assigned a permanent frequency and call letters and, aside from
1456-567: The Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC), which provides that "a campus radio station is a radio station owned or controlled by a not-for-profit organization associated with a post-secondary educational institution". The CRTC distinguishes two types of campus radio: instructional (for training of professional broadcasters) and community-based campus (programming provided by volunteers who are not training to be professionals). The community-based radio format
1512-793: The Grandes Ecoles , higher education establishments outside the main framework of the French university system, specialised schools spread in more than twenty cities: schools of business, engineering or political science for example. The CRGE represents more than 150 000 students and do reports in the main French international events like the Cannes Films Festival , the Monaco Grand Prix or the Paris Games Week . They have interviewed many CEOs like Xavier Niel , CEO of Free, or politicians, like
1568-457: The '70s. The emphasis is shifting back to entertainment instead of being 'relevant.' In fact, I wouldn't call our station progressive radio. That's outdated. I call it radio. But I heard a good word in the trades, AOR. That's Album-Oriented Rock. That's a name for the '70s." Radio consultants Kent Burkhart and Lee Abrams significantly affected AOR programming. The two consultants created Kent Burkhart/Lee Abrams & Associates, which became one of
1624-582: The Top 40 station toward a progressive rock format. Meanwhile, at competing station KPRI , program director Mike Harrison was similarly applying Top 40 concepts to the progressive format, which he dubbed "album-oriented rock." In the mid-1970s, as program directors began to exert more control over what songs played on air, progressive stations evolved into the album-oriented rock format. Stations still played longer songs and deep album tracks (rather than just singles ). However, program directors and consultants took on
1680-583: The U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) adopted a non-duplication rule prohibiting FM radio stations from running a simulcast of the programming from their AM counterparts. AM/FM affiliate station owners fought these new regulations, delaying the enactment until January 1, 1967. The freeform format in commercial radio was created to program the FM airwaves inexpensively. Programmers like Tom Donahue at KMPX in San Francisco developed stations where DJs had
1736-814: The United Nations Development Programme ( UNDP ) and the Central Government. Similarly, a community-based radio programme titled Panchayat Vani (People's Voice) was recently broadcast on All India Radio (AIR), Darbhanga , Bihar . The campus radio station Gyanvaani has also been licensed. Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences established a community radio station, Radio Adan (90.4 MHz) in 2008, which brings together experts, students, farmers, and local population, through various popular programmes, focussing on agriculture, education, employment, women empowerment, child marriage, health and culture. Pune University
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1792-417: The administration. SUSTcast is the campus radio station made for Shahjalal University of Science and Technology . It is the first-ever AI-based online campus radio among universities in Bangladesh. SUSTcast, a joint project of RoboSUST, Dept. of CSE, and Team Meow is open for all the students and teachers of Shahjalal University of Science and Technology . Different organizations and teacher-students from
1848-508: The aegis of the Society for Elimination of Rural Poverty used a tiny transmitter that covered a radius of half a kilometer to enable rural women members of self-help groups. Four months later, officials from the Central Government brought in police to seize the equipment and declared the broadcasts illegal. The Government policy to permit educational institutions to have their own FM Channels at low-frequency levels emerged in mid-December 2002, as
1904-399: The aim of broadcasting educational programming, while other radio stations exist to provide alternative to commercial broadcasting or government broadcasters. Campus radio stations are generally licensed and regulated by national governments, and have very different characteristics from one country to the next. One commonality between many radio stations regardless of their physical location
1960-619: The city they relate to in Denmark. All the radios broadcast radio in local frequencies on FM in their related city. XFM actually has two departments one in Copenhagen and one in Lyngby and is the only radio who has two broadcast licenses. The only one of the radio stations which broadcasts radio directly on campus is Aalborg student radio. As many of the American student radio Aalborg has speaker directly on
2016-602: The first broadcast radio station in Canada to air 100% Canadian content. Other requirements generally made of campus radio stations include quotas of non-hit, folk, and ethnic musical selections as well as spoken word programming. Most campus radio stations in Canada are members of the National Campus and Community Radio Association . On 23 January 2012, the CRTC announced it would be eliminating instructional radio stations. There are five student radio stations in Denmark related to
2072-685: The form of cultural support. According to the Brazilian Association of Radio and Television Broadcasters (ABERT), in April 2013, Brazil had 466 educational radios. UBD FM is the first university-based radio station in Brunei Darussalam . The student-run organization operates under the Educational and Technology Center of the Universiti Brunei Darussalam and was established in 2008. In Canada, radio stations are regulated by
2128-494: The format no longer represented these styles and took a stance against disco . In 1979, Steve Dahl of WLUP in Chicago destroyed disco records on his radio show, culminating in the notorious Disco Demolition Night at Comiskey Park . The continuity of rock artists and songs carried through each phase links the freeform, progressive, and AOR formats. Programmers and DJs of the freeform and progressive phases continued to cultivate
2184-403: The freedom to play long sets of music, often covering a variety of genres. Not limited to hits or singles, DJs often played obscure or longer tracks by newer or more adventurous artists rather than those heard on Top 40 stations of the day. This new format caused albums, instead of singles, to be rock's main artistic vehicle in the 1960s and 1970s. With a few exceptions, commercial freeform had
2240-516: The largest universities in Denmark. Only the town of Roskilde has a university and no permanent radio, but every year the five existing student radio stations work together in producing 10 days of radio on the Roskilde festival . The project is a cooperation between all the student radios organized by the cooperation organization called DDS and could be considered a temporary radio station. The five student radio stations in Denmark are listed below with
2296-421: The late 1960s to the early 1980s through research and formal programming to create an album rock format with great commercial appeal. From the early 1980s onward, the abbreviation AOR transitioned from "album-oriented radio" to "album-oriented rock", meaning radio stations specialized in classic rock recorded during the late 1960s and 1970s. The term is also commonly conflated with " adult-oriented rock ",
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2352-450: The likes of Beats In Space, or Warp Records, or broadcasting live from Gilles Peterson's Worldwide Festival in Sete, it is the love of the music which connects the listeners, and that makes Radio Campus a unique and special group indeed. The Radio Campus France radio stations include: The Confédération des radios de grandes écoles is the national non-profit network unifying 46 internet radios in
2408-637: The misuse of drugs, alcohol, narcotics, and tobacco. Radio Syiar FM, Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Alauddin, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Is a campus (student) community base radio broadcasting system, originally it has a function as an engineering laboratory to train students in broadcast engineering skills, which are currently being sought to turn into a radio commercial for the students also can improve their skills in terms of broadcast management and broadcast business Belfield FM, University College Dublin. Album-oriented rock Album-oriented rock ( AOR , originally called album-oriented radio )
2464-514: The most prominent AOR consulting firms during the mid to late 1970s. Abrams' SuperStars format, previously developed at WQDR, was based on extensive research, focused on the most popular artists, such as Fleetwood Mac and the Eagles , and included older material from those artists. While his format was not quite as constricted as Top 40 radio , it was considerably more restricted than freeform or progressive radio. Their firm advised program directors for
2520-569: The new French President François Hollande . They also have links with other campus radios and campus radios network in the world. The CRGE members are for the Business Schools: The CRGE Engineering Schools radios includes: The other member Grandes Ecoles radios are: PolyteXneio FM is the National Technical University of Athens Students' Radio Station. It is an open student project; its character
2576-468: The policy despite limited response to the non-commercial, low-powered FM radio scheme which former information and broadcasting minister Sushma Swaraj had said would "revolutionize" radio broadcast in the country. Radio enthusiast Alokesh Gupta saying: "The announcement of the Government was to have seen 1000 radio stations by December 2003. Instead administrative wrangling came in the way of implementing
2632-527: The project as colleges spent time running around for licenses and approval from four ministries — Home Affairs, Communications & Information & Broadcasting — as they took their time processing applications." On 2 February 2004, Anna University in Chennai unveiled the country's first campus radio station, Anna FM . Radio Ujjas in Kutch (in the western state of Gujarat ) is one such CR and gets its funding from
2688-413: The same basic principles, with the most popular songs repeating every two to six hours, depending on their rank in the rotation . Generally, there is a strict order or list to follow, and the DJ does not decide playlist selections. While still based on the rotation concept, AOR focused on the album as a whole rather than singles. In the early 1970s, many DJs were free to choose which track(s) to play off
2744-445: The singles as they were individually released. In the early 1980s, Black Music Association, a trade association , and other industry observers criticized AOR radio for lacking Black artists in their programming. AOR programmers responded that the lack of diversity was the result of increased specialization of radio formats driven by ratings and audience demographics. In 1983, the success of Michael Jackson 's album Thriller led to
2800-513: The station's album library and pushed popular evening jock Jim Santella—whom McLendon did not like—to publicly resign . In 1973, Lee Abrams , formerly at WRIF, successfully installed a similar format, later known as SuperStars, at WQDR in Raleigh, North Carolina. In 1972, Ron Jacobs , program director at KGB-FM in San Diego, began using detailed listener research and expanded playlists in shifting
2856-455: The term campus radio implies full-power AM or FM transmission, a significant number of stations transmit with low-power broadcasting , closed circuit , and carrier current systems, in some cases to on-campus listeners only. Many universities and college stations today also broadcast via the internet , either as an additional outlet for their licensed stations or in lieu of obtaining a government-issued license. In addition, college programming
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#17328767201512912-594: The terms of the campus broad license, a number of aspects are disallowed from broadcasts. This includes anything that offends good taste or decency, contains criticism of friendly countries, contains an attack on religion, contains anything obscene, defamatory, false, and suggestive innuendos and half-truths, likely to encourage or incite violence, contains anything affecting the integrity of the nation, criticizes, maligns or slanders any individual in person, encourages superstition or blind belief, denigrates women, denigrates children, or presents or depicts or suggests as desirable
2968-625: The university can perform on this platform regularly. UAPIANS RADIO is an online-based Radio which is organized by the Students of the University of Asia Pacific . In Brazil, most campus radios operate under an educational radio license, granted by the Ministry of Communications and the National Telecommunications Agency . In Brazil, educational radios are prohibited from broadcast commercial advertising on its programming, except in
3024-428: The university where they can broadcast radio to the students cad Campus Rdio AAU. Radio Campus France is a national, non-profit radio broadcasting network grouping 22 public college radio stations located in the largest French cities. Acting as an umbrellas for college radio in French public Universities, it proves that there is strength in numbers, and that music, technology and education are natural bedfellows. Not just
3080-458: The use of conditions of license that radio stations must follow in order to keep broadcasting. Campus radio stations, for example, are expected to be leaders in the Canadian content system which mandates a minimum number of Canadian musical selections throughout the day. The minimum Canadian content required for a campus station is 35%. Individual programs have their own requirements which depend on
3136-700: Was deep and eclectic, with a range of genres. In October 1971, WPLJ in New York began to shift its freeform progressive rock format into a tighter, hit-oriented rock format similar to what would later become known as AOR. WPLJ's parent company, ABC , installed similar formats on all of its FM stations, including KLOS in Los Angeles and WRIF in Detroit. Gordon McLendon followed suit on his stations, most infamously at WPHD in Buffalo, New York , where McLendon cut over 90% of
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